Stat Mech.

Kamdem -Wok P9-oblem

Th pheobaluy tCot afles toking N munbe o 4epsit
ill ae at po&ition X= ml

N-
m l ) =W,) - Wa) P

Mean Vasi amce Standrd Devioion

NP (Any N NPL

mN (4)-NP NPL
m -2 (Am)4 (4n
NP-) = 4NP2 4NPL
ml
= NP-9) L 4NPL J4NP

2D a n d o m Walk
Fo
AlLowed 0 fo seh lep
Peoboblib Pcd uct of
To tal Po 3s ble ways

-BE
Boltemann Diztsi Lwbon La e

Total enes E Ez
E AE 8, eE
h
7hemal De-Eseglie sIauela
2TmKT
Mcom fsece polh - 2 T nd odiameter of
Panhiela
Volume of 2phera m d-dimenkion hoving adius R
TR
 Fitom V e can get Sd (Sus face oa
2T

(-)!
)
dU + Polv-JudN
= Tds
dg

G Ut PV TS =UN

HU+ PV AU-TS
Ensem bles .

Micco canoncal Camoical Grocoma Comowel

(N, V, E) NV,T) (v,T)

Isolaled Contact wih Contact ait. ked
heat celesuvolr ad posuh ele 9ea-
rodvuisicd menei
Denay f phase Point
BH(1P) -dN-BH
P(ap)= Corst

Leading Vaiable5A
A-KTAn -KT nE
SKn U-TS-UN
1 Mcocanoncal enlemble

S klm 2 SE-K PnP

Total Mumbe micsc02ales-

a'p. d'
 Demsiby of micsoztales a(E)E al

E-1
E =p a) oc E 3E)
a(E) -1)
Eap+pa* aE) cE*
S

we hae to fill ni Pastieles at 82 Plo.ceg hom,

diabnet
Claseiea Fe9emiorg Boioms
Ti
(3) Cni SE i-1 Cmi
(7+i-1)
2! (3-1)!

ThestmodynamuC vauables

T s ds NVN
dwN Ne can
du eaily deuve
P T N,U INSs it fseom tus o
macine qun
Omd ses(N,V,U)
J - -T dN U,VN dNSV
UEUN V,S)
mictocanonical enkombte
Classical ideal ga8 in

9cemove Gibbs paiador Cosidermg

by Covdidering
by
We
pabiele. te.
pasticle le. nN SL
Indistimguisubiiy
f N
Foser
, muls 2T mKT
Tekscede
SNK
Soeku Nk in ( NK NK / h
/Sp
 Canorical Ensemble
A = U-TS
A -

kTm ()
2ells us he h
va9ious ydkmk f
rascbbonfunebon
vafuous enegy lenels
eniemble ake distsubuled in

kT n (G)
U - nn S) =
T

A on, A
P -A
av NT
P
aNT PaL NT
A
aN IV,T
aT INV

de du Cp T N,P
Cy dT NVN
N,v

eye lATS)-T4
NV

Enesay fluctuabon-

- aU
6 KT2C

Relaie fluetuatiom in enesqN N

Hoco to Wrute pcochhon
function
For N
dusinguishable pasbicle N ,7
Fo N
N Tnebstinguizhalle pabhicla
Fot Single pastbele
Quantum mechai cal

Claggieal
***
- aX
2
e d mtl

O0

e t Bdx e

Lerel Syslem
montioed
Whn Spin is. hot

Fesamion Bolon

woys8- n8i-)!
M (8-1)!
2Make duagcam and fi Amy mo. f Pa9beleg
ruy One po in a leel 1namy level "
Chinese lk) Chines Boy
Calculate total eneGy im each diagam

table for poSSible emassy volu andtheis

Make
Ma ke a

especbve degenasacies.

Wue down pach tion fumeion u ng fosumela

Fotimdistinguishaßle LOodi mg do net divide by N

When Spim ig menbioned

hhemewei spin 6mebioned afe ConidoUma
futher 2pUt level
.due to degenaoy
EpuHing iep 7
Level. [After
in (2s+ 1)
Hasmonic 08callaton

1.Suambum Hagummane 0slatot

E= (n+) ta L1D]
[2D aty n )
E (n+) Aw

e (n+ 2) hw 3D a+yt hzen)

Put it om, be defined else pudt1
S 2ie"Fei L3i Can

We oil qet,
9 2Sin h(0) 92Sni(a)
We use
2- Classical Haom@rue O8cilaon
E=t+ ka [
Put it on
e Ard : 17
S S LFhuN
Bh

MagmebeSyzlem sbu
Magmab 2abon M--A and U-MB

Magneic Suceeptibiuy im
B0

1. Clasaiaal Dipole

Tnescacbon emea Potetial e n c - A &

The
angle betseen amd E Cam be angHig betueen O ad T
T27

9 eSinsdsds 4T Sm(BAB)
BAB
We qek
-NAB Coth (pAE)-
U
BUB

U-NJaB L()}
Fo 1 , L() 1 M NuL()
<1
3
2. Quantum Dipole
doscice ouentohion Aith respeet to
t will take Some posubeudlas
field duecion.
M M
JIG)
So 0ill also hare (2+1Vaues.
+J
E - 3 ,Ag M, B
S e i BM
oLMg a "_

Mg-T
=e /
9-1
Mr-J
Gikamd - Camonycal Enlemblo

- - KT n (z) U-TS-AN

- aN-Es oNg
z ,e se

E Fusaciy y yplem
Ccupamcy of Syztem, ZNa - bn

Lsing Model

i3
S2 H -6S,S22SS,- Ez4Sy
Fost Squee S
t13 exccptonal -E S3-¬2ySzSy-R S,S,tS,tSy
Sy
formula fimd b
o
fok CoSecspPonding
Coseciponding
F0m he aboe
andd fird 3; fok Sepeseale Ei
Po ble2 Spm Cembmabons
-BE
hen
EguposbtionJoos enaj. (Only appicable for olaicl
be E = P"+ pa*

Ihen Onescage intesmal enesq

U = KT + KT
S
 Quantum Stabihcs

n genescal,
etBE

Distrububon fun ebon

(es)
Fost, MB ao m a ( )de
&E q-1

FD
a+1 E es() ()de
a (e) is called dont orsiale
BE and FD
Fo A= e <<1md >1
uke MB sabs.
,8tots. bchaves
and peg2use) Ries dre SaSK, thal
Odmay (medesele Bop. MB tats .
tnosdmay ms is degcsubed ey
In esome Condition, quanem lats. ae appled. Such a-
O Fee electkon ga n metal 2 Black body cadwahon

Liguid klbum (T: Y16 k)

Pesfeat Boze-Eintleim gas f(e)-

1

BE1
n-15)2(:) de
T beco mls

LWhee
1
-dx zeta funcbion.
-1
For A e -1
a) =2.612
fot A&1
Sla)A 2
As
As A<1, we Can3y
niyo )

Feesto(e)de
 E Oill becom
E KT 312
(27tmkT)(«)
tOLe, f. (a)= -

t1
S0 KT. J («)

The akbove helt is fo A <<1 So, hoe MB 2tat en be

applied

Degenefay t means deviaion from clasieal rasult

'Aicoled degenraey paframol.
amd, A<1. we already hawe
Fo BE a8
ne (21mkT)A
. A PAthermal
For A, i caled
() mespesbiele distae
Fos A1,
Fe A AH dn
Bose- Emglem Condenkation

at, T= Ts
TE 2T mk 2-612 Xv
SO E P md TE

In genccal E P m d- dmension
Y
T TaOr) m

at TTE

, - %*
Thus 18 Calleo Bo2e-E/nktem Conolen8otion eguabom
Ideal Fesemi 9ag at Tok -

[Fel
E,(o) (3)()
So E(o) cp nd Er(o) *
In qencal ifE e aps in d-duimenti.

E (o) fa
Zese0-point enoay
E d
a+S n Ep)
E,=n E(o)
So O P d t1

Zeseo- point prolside

hsious pciamee

Fexmi temperabuire E

Feetmi momntm Pp 27m EF

Femi Veloety
VF 25m
Fermi Wanelength

Wane-veetot 2T0
K F
TCKT
F(T)= E, (o) 1-12 E
 TCKT
E =nE,()1t E)

P-EV y CE 2 E ( 0 )

Depemoon cy of themodynamie vauiables 0n empeatul

otk BE
BE and
ard FD
pcobloms elaled to
Its appucable On

3tabs.
Number of pashcles
E T t 1

V ocT - 1
M
S T3

adiaion
Black -body Tempeatuoe T -
epeakuoe
9adialed y a body at aa
Po we
fowe
e Eu iviy
PE eA6T' 6 Slefan's consbal.
6 567 xlo wmk
Weims diplacement lauo
b Wemg Comatamt
man T

Specipie heat m meals

Cy tice + Cu) elkctso) e.

Cy CT +AT
At loo empescakuse in 3D (fo photon) aT
At vesy loco tempesrabee eleekicorie dominales.

At high tempotetse C 3R
Phase teamaiton Molting CuSve

P
Liquid Liquid
1
Sold
Jcvepoua

Vapotuzabon
TE 1iple poive
Cusue
T Napou C ui cal pomt
3 SuLimabon cusue

Tpes
Ist odr n d 0dler

GConbuos (May have kiks) G-Conbimunus mo kinka)

G' Di| Conb'ntou G Contiruou
G Digconb nuous
G
G Divesges
EGeubbs ae enrsy Ut PV-/S
S - 1TN
NE r NT aN TP

Inaenetal, G U+PV- TS +E t MH + YA+FL

COheoue E - EMF 7esujace 1onsion, F- eskoring force, M= Magretizatiox
COkage
M E F L
H A

im aG Numbes denity, n
P
NT
H H2

13chcum expansion Coegfiient,

&NTa aP
Isottemel ComgresiLiUy K- 1 2
V P2N,T
Bulk Tmodulus
NO we alfcsdy knous Hha fo first 0twles phaae tailion

ei ) diiconbmuous and & diesgeg at tonkihon point

So He above poameless Conbainmg G coil be
dibconao0s
ak tanbon poimt for fSo7tde% phase
Cnd Conkaining Gwh divergc at aihon t9aniiion
point for
13t 0cden ehase 29can&ibon.