LEADING

LEADING
• What is Leading?
• The Nature of Leadership
• Behavioral Approaches to Leadership Skills
• Contingency Approaches to Leadership Style
What is Leading?
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• Leading is that management fucntion which
“involves
involves influencing others to engage in the
work behaviors necessary to reach
organizational goals.
goals.”
How Leaders Influence Others
Leaders are said to be able to influence others
because of the power they possess
possess. Power refers
to the ability of a leader to exert force on
another.
Bases of Power
• Legitimate Power
• Reward Power
• Coercive Power
• Referent Power
• Expert Power
Bases of Power
• Legitimate Power
▫ A person who occupies a higher position has
legitimate power over persons in lower positions
within the organization.
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Bases of Power
• Reward Power
▫ When a person has the ability to give rewards to
anybody who follows orders or requests.
▫ Rewards mayy b
be classified into
 Material (money or other tangible benefits)
 Psychic (recognition, praises)
Bases of Power
• Coercive Power
▫ When a person compels another to comply with
orders through threats or punishment
▫ Demotion,, dismissal,, withholding
g of promotion,
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etc
Bases of Power
• Referent Power
▫ When a person can get compliances from another
because the latter would want to be identified with
the former.
Bases of Power
• Expert Power
▫ Experts provide specialized information regarding
their specific lines of expertise. This influence,
called expert
p p power,, is p
possessed byy p
people
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great skills in technology.
The Nature of Leadership
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Leadership may be referred to as “the process of
influencing and supporting others to work
enthusiastically toward achieving objectives.”

One cannot expect a unit or division to achieve

objectives
j in the absence of effective leadership
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The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
1 A high level of personal drive
1.
▫ Those who are willing to take responsibility,
possess vigor, initiative, persistence and health.
▫ Drive is an important trait because of the
possibility of failure in every attempt to achieve
certain goals
The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
2 The Desire to Lead
2.
▫ There a re some persons who have all the
qualifications for leadership, yet they could not
become leaders because they lack one special
requirement: the desire to lead.
The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
3 Personal Integrity
3.
▫ A person who is well-regarded by others as one
who has integrity possesses one trait of a leader.
One who does not have personal integrity will
have a hard time convincing his subordinates
about
b the
h necessity
i off completing
l i variousi tasks.
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The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
4 Self Confidence
4.
▫ The activities of leaders require moves that will
produce the needed outputs. The steps of
conceptualizing, organizing and implementing
will be completed if sustained efforts are made.
The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
5 Analytical Ability
5.
▫ Leaders are oftentimes faced with difficulties that
prevent the completion of assigned tasks. The
ability to analyze is one desirable trait that a
leader can use to tide him over many challenging
aspects off lleadership.
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The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
6 Knowledge of the Company
6. Company, Industry or
Technology
▫ A leader who is well-informed
well informed about his
company, the industry where the company
belongs, and the technology utilized by the
industry, will be in a better position to provide
directions to his unit.
The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
7 Charisma
7.
▫ When a person has sufficient personal
magnetism that leads people to follow his
directives.
The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
8 Creativity
8.
▫ The ability to combine existing date, experience,
and preconditions from various sources in such a
way that the results will be subjectively regarded
as new, valuable, innovative and as a direct
solution
l i to an id identified
ifi d problem
bl situation.
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The Nature of Leadership
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Effective Leadership Traits
9 Flexibility
9.
▫ People differ in the way they do their work. One
will adapt a different method from another
person’s method. A leader who allows this
situation as long as the required outputs are
produced,
d d iis said
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be fl
flexible.
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▫ It allows the other means of achieving goals when
the prescribed manner is not appropriate
appropriate.
The Nature of Leadership
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Leadership Skills
1 Technical Skills
1.
▫ Specialized knowledge to perform a job
2 Human Skills
2.
▫ Ability to deal with people
3. Conceptual Skills
▫ Ability to think in abstract terms, to see how
parts fit together to form the whole.