CHUYỂN HOÁ LIPID VÀ VẬN CHUYỂN LIPID TRONG MÁU

Thodi hoa one bao

1.
lipid
1.1. Qua Trinh Thoi hoa triglycerid
1.1.1. Qud Trinh tieu hoo hap the chat beo Tai root non

This an

Tebao whn acid beo th Du The Tai Tebao

Da Tru Tai mo
-

Triglycerid Cung cap how I nia who can ML cho most so

monhigan, tim, so his nghi
ngoi.

Muoi man, lecithin va cholesterol in gan

L

acid 2-monoglyceride
Chat beo Farty

anatons.
(EE re
indadis
-
333
inipate,non
a
T
-

-
3 3 3
-

m
R not non

Triglyceride
N
My mot Energy Mo co 2RC00
H ecot, caCoA
di tra VF0) Monoacylglycerol

r
Fairy acid
-
Glycerol

apoc-#1
Cholesterol

~Lipoproteincompete
--

&
pases Fairy acid +

Glycerol

owdo. 28
& Conliving who

arid an on
inte

back hugea
O

Tam
trung
 khi che do on
gua which lipid so xo nhucan MC hoa dyTha rien chat

Chrigen
=>

lai Thank dang iriglyceride> liprotein: VLDL > My mo

Ida Tra(

Qud Trinh Thoai noa

1.1.2.
triglycerid Tai no mo

Adenylyl cyclase
-PPi

ATP CAMP

Protein kinase Protein kinase

(bat hoat) Choar doing

ADP
ATP 2
C

I wro
Triacylglycerol lipase Triacylglycerol lipase
(bat hoat) Shoat doing) -O
↑

P,
<
p
N
Phosphatase
*< W

⑳Foot
O

O V
000
Farry acid
Uw
p ⑥

D O

of <
Glycerol
1. 2. Thoai hoa cna glycerol
3 Fairy acids: 95% Energy
Triglycerid
Glycerol: 5% Energy

Thoai hoa glycerol xay ra o gan xa mat so mo

KHONG COO mo mo

Enzym glycerolkinase
-

CO MHE Egan, than, niam mac rust va

Tugen xi BANG TAO SUA

ATP ADP MAD MADH +Ht

OH T
OH T

HO-/-OH T
HO-1-OPOs
Glycerolkinase Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-
Glycerol Glycerol-3-phosphate
O
Glycolysic
8 O

> N0-1-000; T
I1
-OO- 7
Ascor

Diacyaceton phosphate Pyruvate

rebs
K
cycle
v

1.3. Thoi noa ca acid be bar hoa co so carbon chain

-

Fairy acids 12C->dix00 ty the thing can protein van

-
chagen
-

Fairy acids > MC -> can chat can chagen Carnitin

H
"

Doi hoi TriocKhi vo in the

fairy acid ->
Acyl-CoA
O OH
1/
81/-m-
#
Carnitine
1.3.1. Hoat no va van chagen acid beo xo my
theHe

RHou
a O

o
11
p 0
O
11
p 0
O
7
p
<MTT -Ho
O

8 My ori
0-1 0-1
- - - - - -
- -

d t -o -
-y
PP,
↓
ATP 2Pi
CoA-SH

cy)CoA synthetase
A >ANAP

Rscot
Mang goal the rding The
by trong ty

&Grint
Bao thong Carnitine acyltransferase I

R scor
t
COA-SH L

Khoang by
the
Carnitine

acyltransferase I Khuech ran de doing qua con thou

↓
malonyl -
CoA acyl carnitine I carnitine

ssP dai ca rong hop lipid

Dac diem:
->

Phan Tach Cot' bao trng v the

Ty
CoA bao
-

thing: Tong hop lipid many, chayin vo trong

by
the
-Cot by theThoai no acid beo, pyruvate, I so as

Si than
gia carnitine:
gidi hau to do oxy hoa acid bed
1.3.2. Qud Trinh B-oxy no acid bed (conding chink

F0]
Acid beo < 2C
(aceiylCoA) -> Krebs
cycle <COc +HeO
4 giai doan

Phan ring this hydro Can this what i

R-Iscot Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Y R--x-kscot

#
a

EApt ETC
Phan
=>
complex

↑Y
ng xay
the
ra ten many trong

Co 3 loai acylCoA dehydrogenase, moi loai dai hiem xoi1 logi fairy acid to do dai
chuoi hydrocarbon what dink.
3
-

enzym may don to chatcong Tal FAD

Phan ling ket hop hatc

-

H,O
0xxsCoA -x- scot
enoyCoA hydraiase
L-B-hydroxyacyl CoA

Phan
ring this hydrolan hair
-

T
CoQ 3ATB
-
⑳
-

Complex I
L
t

MAD
+
M+ DH + H
OH O

R-RIL
dehydrogen
RLASCoA scot

B-hydroacyl CoA se
MADTla chat cong as a 5-hydroacy) CoA
dehydrogenase

Ida hiem
# xochien dai chuoti c

Dai hie Tuyet do voi song phan (-

Phan ng phan cat, Tao acetyl CoA:

O

COASH sCoA
R-Scot *

T
O

RXKSCOA
acetyltransferase
Chiolase hay B-cerothiolase

=> R-RSCOA tiep the

trai
great planning who ten cho tokhi chicoin a
phan
in
acetyl CoA.

+ 3
enzym xnc Ta3Pccuoi ca
qua trick B-oxy hoa tao think phuchop dai hiem

Chien dai mach -

(

> 12C:
phichop main even many
trong by
the(phic hop protein 3 chic
nang-TFP
->
han the sp Trung gian Khuech tan xaxienzym -> nhank hon

<122:
phic hop main Khong the
trong in

Bilan nang
living gua think B-oxy no acid beo: In carbon

Farry acid (2nC) -n

acetyl CoA
 n acetyl CoA - Krebs
cycle 12n
·

ATP

(n 1)-

FARHe > ETC :

2(n 1) - ATP

(n 1) MADH ETC 3 (n 1) ATP

·

-
> -

acid
fairy
*
2 ATP
:

ATP 12n
= =

+ 2(n -
1) + 3(n -
1) -

2 17n
=
-

mach rai dai

&

Peroxisome Taigan: acid bed -> acid beorgan hon

phan whanh

CH"
=>
Khong Chia
+ 2e
ETC

+
02 -
HOz (oxHmanh
s
* hoo -Ty the

to bar
capalace pha has

O +
HO

1.3.3. Thor no acid beo o

oxy ho
-

Tai lio; no sink chat can TB gan, than:

wo-oxy hod
Fairy aid 10-12C >

hoa chiein in to Thap thoai hoa acid beo. NHUNS

w-oxy trong
-

...

Khi vot loan B-oxy hoa ->

o-oxy
hoa to thank can driving chin
 xxx---- POH

NADPH HT
+
O2
+

Coenzym cytochrome P450

+
> MAD HeO
-

Ho x xxx----POH

NAD+

Alcohol dehydrogenase
> MADH +H+

0xxxx----POH
+
MAD

Aldehyde dehydrogenase
> MADH +Ht

Oxxxxxx x or

B-oxy hoa

Yacetyl CoA" I succinate

cycle
~Krebs cycle/Citric
acid
1.3.4. Thoai no acid beo hoa
a-oxy

-L*OH = Co Me-ox; 1
ii

FO]

--
T oH

>CO2
v

X
H

-
ItoH B-oxyha

1.4. Thoai hoa acid beo Khong bar hoa

-
Co2 van de can chily:
This what:
FA in whiem FA
chagen ho'a
trong

Ci) -

NNx xxxxxxxC00H

Y COOH
Trans-
 This hair
NNx

Y COOH

B-oxy no'a
23 xong)
> 3 Acetyl-CoA
W

xXxX1 Khong phai Awhi trong

-cool
B-oxyhoa FA bao hoa

ND: Thoai ho oleic acid

-XXXX****S(of B-oxy hoa

Olesyl
-

Coa

(3xong) < 3 Acetyl-CoA

v

----- cis-As-dodecency Cof

scot
-

I -

1-enoyl
* -

CoA isomerase

Trans-1" dodecency
---XXXXYSCoA
-
-

Cof

B-oxy hoa
15
xong)
-

8
Acetyl-CoA
Cat FA
Khong bar hoa co which lien ketdoi ->can which enzym phu
O

x
x -
++x+ scot Linoleoy1 -

CoA
-
Cis -19, cis-1*

B-oxy ho

(3xong( -3
Acetyl-CoA
V

--- c Scot (is A,cis A

x6
- -

~ I
5 -3
4
/

1-enoyl-CoA
* isomerase

/
O

Trans-A, cis-Al
<xx.. Scot
the
52,

hoa
B-oxy
C1 yong v lan
oxy
noa dain
Tien can young ()
-

5
1-
xy
Trans-A, cis-Al
oH
-

NADPH +HT

2,4 dienoyl -
CoA reductase

> MADP+

xx
coot Y
Trans-A3
 enoyl-CoA isomerace

5 3 2

xXXCoot Y
- trans-A

hod
B-oxy
17 yong)

5 Acetyl-CoA

1. 5. Thoi hoa and bio do socarbon le

-

Xay a
giving FA co so carbon chain, thing sanphain cia xong B-oxy hoa

enoi la propiony) -COA.

Thoai hoa
Propiony - CoA
-
Civic acid
cycle
=>

J
3 Step

CH3 HCOs ATP ADP+Pi CH3

H1
bioxinT
0
-

+ > H -

· SCOA
Propiony - COA
carboxylase oSCOA

Propiony - COA D-methylmalony) -

COA

CHs OSCOA

-methylmalonyl-CoA
I
epimerase O
1
H
Coenzym B12. A H
COAS
200-
Methyl-malony- CoA H +

mutase
-

88

L-methylmalony) -

COA Succinyl-CoA
1.6. Dien hoa Thoai no acid blo
-Phythroc day what you who can ML cia TB. Co s
enzym quan trong
i

Carnitin acyltransferase
↑
I: malonyl-CoA -> ac Chexan chagen FA vo by the
"

Khi TB di Tha ML had long glucose trong TB rang Tong hop of distrus
grand
giam Tho hoa FA

-B hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase: diai hoa who than

domestic
↑
It may long cao -> dithia co chat divigo ETC =>
enzym bic che
->
giam thoi hoa fA

dithia chat divao acidcycle.

-Thiolase:
taceiy) CoA cao
hay co Citric

Theceron
1.7. v sn oxy hoaching
- Citric acid cycle
acetyl-COA & ceton (ra+ i)
Tao the ceton
- & cetoacetate

D-B-hydrobutyrate

COA-SH
COA-SH
O -
0 0
A
ceryl CoA +HO
T

2 ASCoA MSCoA
Thiolase"
T
-

HMO-COA synthase
CO2
Acetyl-CoA O O O

so
-

so a --I T --
17

a ceTUaceTaTe

D-B-hydroxybutyrate decarboxylase
MADH +H+
dehydrogenase w
L
MADt
OH O

D-
B-hydroxy butyrate ↓ Ho-
-

Khido Keodai
-glucoset -> no to the dring D-B-hydroxybutyrate
I am chair doi

Tai ca mo
ngoaixi, D-B-hydroxybutyrate bi Thoai ho
-

t
MAD MADH +H+
OH O succinyl-CoA succinate
00
-
R-Ro-
-

ANo -
-

- - SCoA
A -

B-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase
COASH

-
-
2
Acetyl-CoA
Thiolase

1. 8. Thoai hoa glycerophospholipid

glycerophospholipid 7 FA+ lipophilic

phospholipase
C4 loai phospholipase:

Phospholipase AC (PLA2 O
Phospholipase C (PLC)
BHRc oF

RYOx,kOYpA N
(1)

Phospholipase D (PLD)

Phospholipase Al (PLAN
2. Tiring ho:p lipid É Tébao
2. 1 .
Sinh
toning ho:p acid béo bñohoacé SÉ carbon chair
bio Tuong :
Vai Tio
yeiidiimnhie.in ring hop
Chui acid
béo ma.ch again voi Trung binh

'

the
'

✗a' o 3 vi. Tri Ty

}
ra
y
" é° dai ma.ch carbon T.aor-am.at
LuÉi no:i chat dai

2.1.1 .
1- Éng hop acid béo
Trong
biao
Tiong tébao
bio Tuong
'

Mguyén lie.ie Acetyl CoA Trong Ty the

: >

Vain chuyén ra bio ricing Theo 2 caéh

'

- :

+
Mh 'd he? Thing xa.is chuyén Tri carboxylate (1)

#" A ◦ GASH
7 OH
-

# Ty the
Coo
-00C
-

00C
-

> COO
-

COO

oxaloacetate citrate

✓
ATP +
GASH
OH
-

COO
# Baio
-

< -00C
00C
#
-

t
Coo
Tuong
0
-

Coo
Acetyl CoA + ADP + Pi

oxaloacetate citrate
V

FA
 +
Mhci chair vain
'
chuyén carnitine (2) :
cuing hé
.
Thing vain chuyén FA iao

the
Ty

Trung gian étÉng

Malonyl CoA la choir d- hap FA
'

AM
YH
HCOÉ + ATP ADP
n
+
Pi
+ µ -11% .
Acetyl-CoA
IT > >

RTs / biotin
carboxylase Trans
carboxylase

>
HM
YH +
-0¥"%coA
R CoA
Malonyl

Chu trinh TÉng hop acid béo :

goin 6 Pti lien ti

Épnhau nhii
phui hop mukienzym
go.ita' acid bei synthetase goin 6 voi l
Khong hogs Tinh enzym
'

,
enzym protein co .

SH
Trung tain ( -

SHE ACP )

Phin nhém
hop multienzym Ci 2 -

SH

-
SH
ngoqivi I -

SH E KS )
 Scott

Acetyl-CoA 0

ACP SH
- -00 # Scott
Acetyltransferase
(At ) > GASH
Malonyl-CoA
✓ ACP SH -

Malonyl transferase
0
1Mt) > GASH
SACP ✓

Ksase
0

-00C s -

ACP
> ACP SH
-

v
Malonyl -
ACP

>
CO2
s Ksase
-

>
s -
ACP

Acetoaceiyl -
ACP

NADPH + H+
B- Ketoacyl -
ACP reductase

( KR ) >
MADE
'

OH 0

Nts -

ACP s -
ACP

D- B-
Hydroxybutyryl -

ACP
Palmitnoyl
-

ACP

B- Hydroxyacyl
-

ACP
dehydratase 6
IHD ) > H2O
cycles
,

Sau Gpu . :
NADPH -11-5
'

NADP
'

s -
Acp
^

> s -
ACP
%} -

Trans - F-
n°11 -

5- ACP > s -
ksase
Crotonyl -
ACP
ACP reductase Butyryt -
Acp

Butyryl -
ACP
Malonyl
-

ACP ( ER )
i.

✓
 '

Té b' doing
vatting
f- ' ° " ao

hop Triacyl glycerol Palmitoyl < -

ACP > Palmitate

Voi
phospholipid H, O AÉP -
SH

2.1.2 .

Ting ho
:p acid
béo ma.ch dai

Palmitate dito:c kéo diiima.ch nhii hé .

Thing enzym Trong
1uÉi not chai-ho.at Trong Ty the
!

Malonyl-CoA EH ] -

H2O EH ]
Palm itoyl -

CoA > > > ,

2.1.3 .

tong hop acid béo Khong boo hciaxaeicosanoid

-

Xaig ra É hé Thing kiiii no.ibciocuaganxamo.ME nhiienzym acid bei -

CoA
.

desaturase thuqi he? mono -

oxygenase d-a.ihie.ir xuitac .

Oz + 21-1-1 +
0

XIII Scott 2
Cyibs [ > Cytbs reductase NADPH

( Fe )
"
( FAD ) + H+

2h20 +

0
2
Cytbs ) Cytbr reductase <
\ > MADP
-1

>

¥ntscoA ( FADHZ )
<
Ife )
"

TÉ bai
gan T.aolkd-oi.ie vi. tri ,
KHÑMG THÉ Tao them lk diii vi. Tri

[ to ia nhoin
'
Me -

cuoiiung .

KHÑMG THE T.ci Tiring hop acid lino teat 18 2

: (1%12) voi ✗ -

lino/eat
"
18 :3 (A "" '

) lie 2 acid beé Khong bat hia coin thiéi

Boii buo:c thin

Cung coiptii air
2. 2 .

Toiig hop triglycerid ( Triacy /glycerol )

-
2 tie-in choir Chui yéu :

glycerol -3 phosphate
-
ia
acyl CoA

OH
3-phosphate
poi
-

glycerol -

# opoj
Bio Thiong
-

: Ho - ◦ > to

dehydroxylase 7

2 con
diionghinh thanh
OH
glycerol kinase
TB than : Ho # OH
gan ,

ATP A'DP

2. 3 .

Ting hop glycerophospholipid

héa cholesterol
3.
Chuyén
d-via iao co Thétii thuianlngoa.isinh )
cholesterol

tiring ho:p boiitébaolnoi sinh )

Chui
yéu ta té bai
gan ,
ruo?

Tiring hop cholesterol

Ngooii ra
:
thvio.ngthc.in ,
Tinh heian ,
buoing Truing ,
da voi hé than
.

Kinh
 Qua Trinh toning ho:p buick giaid-oa.is
'

: 25 → 4

4. Vain chuyéñ lipid Trong mais

Protein ngoqixi

than loqi lipoprotein : 5

loqi

Chyl omicron ( Cnn ) :