EXAMPLES

Ex. Find the zero error in each if LC = 0.01 cm

 READING OF VERNIER CALLIPER

INACCURATE
VERNIER CALLIPER

READING = (Main Scale Reading) + (Vernier Scale Reading × LC) – ZERO ERROR
 EXAMPLES

Ex. Find the zero error and the reading if LC = 0.01cm

INSTRUMENTS – SCREW GAUGE
SCREW GUAGE
INSTRUMENTS – SCREW GAUGE

SCREW GUAGE
 EXAMPLES

Ex. A spherometer has 100 equal divisions marked along

the periphery of its disc, and one full rotation of the disc
advances on the main scale by 0.01 cm. Find the least
count of the system.
EXAMPLES

Ex. The number of circular division on

the shown screw gauge is 50. It moves
2 mm on main scale for one complete
rotation. The diameter of the ball is :
EXAMPLES

Ex. The number of circular division on the

shown screw gauge is 100. It moves
0.5mm on main scale for one complete
rotation. The diameter of the ball is :
 INSTRUMENTS – SCREW GAUGE
SCREW GUAGE

Circular Scale Circular Scale

Zero of
Circular Scale Zero of Circular
is above Main Scale is below
Scale Main Scale
Main Scale Main Scale
Reference Reference
Line Line

-ve ZERO ERROR +ve ZERO ERROR

INSTRUMENTS – SCREW GAUGE

READING OF SCREW GUAGE

Reading = MSR + (CSR × LC) - ZE

 EXAMPLES

Ex. The number of circular division on the shown screw gauge

is 50. It moves 0.5 mm on main scale for one complete
rotation. Main scale reading is 5. The diameter ofthe ball is :
EXAMPLES

Ex. The number of circular division on the

shown screw gauge is 50 and pitch is 1mm.
The diameter of the ball is :
 ACCURACY & PRECISION

If we repeat a particular measurement, we usually do not get

precisely the same result as each result is subjected to some
experimental error. This imperfection in measurement can be
described in terms of accuracy and precision.
 ACCURACY & PRECISION

ACCURACY PRECISION

• The accuracy of a • Precision tells us to

measurement is a what resolution or
measure of how close limit the quantity is
the measured value is measured.
to the true value of
the quantity.
PRECISE BUT NOT ACCURATE
NEITHER PRECISE NOR ACCURATE
ACCURATE BUT NOT PRECISE
ACCURATE AND PRECISE
 EXAMPLES

Ex. If true value of a rod is 6.879 cm and we measure it by two

instruments A & B which gave readings 6.8cm and 6.21cm.
Which of the two is more:
1. Accurate 2. Precise
 EXAMPLES

Ex. Two students A and B carried out an experiment to

measure the time period of a pendulum which is actual 5.40 s
Which student is more accurate and which one is more precise:

STUDENT A STUDENT B
5.34, 5.40, 5.49 5.33, 5.37, 5.35
 EXAMPLES

Ex. An instrument having LC is 0.01cm measures the

length of a rod. Which can be the reading:

(1) 46.300cm (2) 8.2 cm

(3) 1cm (4) 5.03 cm