Ministry of teaching& high education

Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class

College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 1 )

exp. No. ( 1 ):

A. Using Basic Equipment In Lab.

B. To learn how to use basic equipment in lab.
C. Theory (used equipment):
1. Multi meter.
2. DC power supply.
3. Resistors (box).
4. Connection wires.

Ohmmeter Ammeter
Voltmeter

R E E=10v R

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

D. Procedure:
1. Resistor measuring:
Connect the circuit shown in fig.1 and fill the following table:
Resistor(box) 50Ω 200Ω 500Ω 2KΩ 4KΩ
Resistor(the reading of ohmeter) 50Ω 200Ω 500Ω 2KΩ 4KΩ
2. Measuring of DC voltage:
Connect the circuit shown in fig.2 and change the voltage of the source as in following table and fill the
table:
Voltage from the DC source 2V 5V 10V 15V 20V
Voltage(reading of the voltmeter) 2V 5V 10V 15V 20V

3. Measuring of DC current:
Connect the circuit shown in fig.3 keep the voltage source constant (E=10V) and change the valuse of the
resistors as in the following table and fill the table:
Resistor (R) 100Ω 200Ω 300Ω 500Ω 1KΩ
Current(I) 100mA 50mA 33.3mA 20mA 10mA

1
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 2 )

exp. No. ( 2 ):

A. Ohm's law.
B. To verify the truth of the ohm's law.
C. Ohm's law states that the ratio between the applied voltage(V) to the current(I) flowing in a circuit is a
constant value and is called the resistance(R), supposed that the temperature remains constant. Thus,
𝑽 𝑽
𝑹= Or 𝑽 =𝑹∗𝑰 And 𝑰=
𝑰 𝑹

I2

I3
I1

I4

Fig.1

D. Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit shown in fig.1.
2. Find the voltage on each resistor(R1 , R2 , R3 ,and R4).
3. Find the current(I1 , I2 , I3 , and I4).
4. Prove the truth of the Ohm's law by applying the relation 𝑹 = 𝑽 on each resistor by filling the
following 𝑰
table.

𝑽
Resistor (V) on the resistor (I )pass in the resistor 𝑹=
𝑰

R1=100Ω
R2=200 Ω
R3=300Ω
R4=400Ω

2
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 3 )

exp. No. ( 3 ):

A. Equivalent resistor.
B. To learn how to calculate the equivalent resistor for the resistors that connect in series and in parallel.
C.
1. Resistors in series:
When the resistors connected in series, the current pass in all the resistors is the same and the equivalent
resistor is:

Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + ….+ Rn ……..(1)

R1 R2 R3 R4

2. Resistors in parallel:
When the resistors connected in parallel, the voltage pass in all the resistors is the same and the equivalent
resistor is:
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +⋯+ ……..(2)
𝑹𝒆𝒒 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 𝑅

𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 𝑹𝒏

3
 D. Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit shown in fig.1. let the value of R= 100Ω. Find the value of the current(I) and
voltage(V).
2. Change the value of R=200Ω and repeat step1.
Connect the previous two resistors in series and repeat step1.(see fig.2).
3. Connect the previous two resistors in parallel and repeat step1.(see fig.3).

R1
10V R
10V
R2

Fig.1 Fig.2

R1 R2
10V

Fig.3

4
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 4 )

exp. No. ( 4 ):

A. Kirchoff's law.
B. To verify the truth of the kirchoff laws.
C. Theory:
1. Current law: It means that the algebric summation of the current at any node is equal to zero.
𝑰=𝟎

If we suppose:- Inner current to the node: positive.

Outer current to the node: negative or vise versa.
2. Voltage law: It means that the algebric summation for the voltage in a closed loop is equal to zero.
i.e: algebric summation of electro motive force around a closed loop in any circuit is equal to the algebric
summation of voltage drop across elements of loop.

𝑬= 𝑹∗𝑰

Remember Ohm's law: The product of multiply resistance by current passing through it is equal to the
voltage(named loss voltage in this resistance).
While the positive direction of electro motive force is same positive direction of the current.
And the voltage between two points is:

𝑽𝟏𝟐 = 𝑽𝟏 − 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑬− 𝑹∗𝑰

R1 R4
A I1 B I3

I2
R2
R3

D C

Fig. 1
5
 D. Procedure:
1. To prove the first law, follow the following:
a. Connect the circuit shown in fig.1; apply 12V voltage from the DC source.
b. Measure the currents passing through three resistance(R1 ,R2 and R4)and notice the direction of
current.We
can find that the algebric summation of the inner and outer current equal to zero.
2. To prove the second law follow the following:
a. Connect the circuit shown in fig.1.
b. Put the DC source at 12V.
c. Measure the voltage effect on each resistance in each closed loop. Notice the direction of voltage(positive
or negative).
d. Prove the truth of the kirchoff's law of voltage.

E. Current and voltage division on the resistance:

The voltage on the resistances connected in serial at any branch are proportion with the value of each
resistance in the branch independently from the other branches.
In the same way the current divided into each of the circuit which connected in parallel and the current of
each resistance from these branches.
We can find this effect as in fig.1 as we measure in the first and second law of kirchoff.

6
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 5 )

exp. No. ( 5 ):

A. Superposition Theorem.

B. To prove the Superposition Theory.

C. The current passing in a part of circuit contains more than one source of current or voltages is equal to
the algebric summation of the currents that passing through that part if we use one source and replace the
others by their internal resistances each time independently.

R1 R3

R2

Fig. 1

D. Procedure:

First stage:
1. Connect the circuit shown in fig.1.
2. Connect the two voltage source(E1 , E2) and write the current(It) that passing in R2 .
3. Remove the source (E2) and replace it by short circuit and write the current(I1)passing in R2 .
4. Connect the source (E2) and remove the source (E1) and replace it by short circuit and write the current(I2)
passing in R2 .
5. Check the currents value as in relation:
𝑰𝒕 = 𝑰𝟏 + 𝑰𝟐

7
 Second stage:
1. Inverse the polarity of the source (E2).
2. Repeat all the steps of the first stage, you may find the current is negative in some cases therefore you have
to
inverse the polarity of Ameter.
3. Compare the values you find here with that calculated in stage 1.

Third stage:
1. Remove the Ameter from the middle part and connect it in serial the source (E1).
2. Replace all the steps of first stage.
3. Compare the value you find here with that in stage1 and stage2.

Fourth stage:
1. Design your own circuit that is not similar to that in fig.1 and take in care the voltage and current
measurement and resistance values.
2. Repeat all the steps of first stage and assure from the proving of this theory in this case.

8
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 6 )

exp. No. ( 6 ):

A.∆-Ẏ and Ẏ - ∆.

B. To know how to convert (∆ - Ẏ) and (Ẏ - ∆).

C. In many circuit applications we find some components connected in one of two ways to form a three
terminal network:

the "delta or ∆" and the "star or Ẏ"

RAC A C
A C
RA RC

RAB RBC
RB

B B
The delta (∆) The star (Ẏ)

There are several equations used to convert one network to the other

To convert ∆ to Ẏ To convert Ẏ to ∆

𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 = 𝑅 =
𝑅 −𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 = 𝑅 =
𝑅 −𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 = 𝑅 =
𝑅 −𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅

9
 D. Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit in fig.1 and measure the total current.

2. Convert the selected ∆ to Ẏ as in fig.2.
3. Connect the new circuit as in fig.3 and measure the total current that must be equal to that in step

Selecting Delta(∆)network to convert

R1 R2 RAB RAC
100Ω 100Ω 100Ω
100Ω
R3
RBC
5V 5V
C
200Ω B
R4 R5 R4 R5
200Ω 200Ω 200Ω
200Ω

Fig.1 Fig.2

Delta(∆)converted toẎ

A
RA R1 R2
12Ω 18Ω
R3
RB RC
10V
6Ω
R4 R5
5V 18Ω
C 12Ω
B
R4 R5
200Ω 200Ω

Fig.4
Fig.3

10
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 7 )

exp. No. ( 7):

A. Thevenin's theory.

B. In this experiment you will become familiar with one of the most important theorems in circuit analysis.

C. Thevenin's Theorem can be used for two purposes:

 To calculate the current through (or voltage across) a component in any circuit,
Or
 To develop a constant voltage equivalent circuit which may be used to simplify the analysis
of a complex circuit.

Any linear one-port network can be "replaced with" a single voltage source in series with a single
resistor (see Figure 1 below). The voltage source is called the Thevenin equivalent voltage, and the
resistor is called the Thevenin equivalent resistance. What this means is that a single voltage
source and series resistor will behave identically to the actual part of the circuit it is replacing.

In this experiment, you will use Thevenin's theorem to solve a complex DC circuit

Fig. 1 A network replaced with its Thevenin equivalent circuit

11
 The steps used for Thevenin's Theorem are listed below:
 Step 1
Remove the resistor (R) through which you wish to calculate the current or across which you want to know
the voltage. Label these terminals (where the resistor was removed) "a" and "b". Calculate the voltage
across these open terminals. This is called the open circuit voltage or the Thevenin equivalent voltage, VTH.

 Step 2
From the open terminals, ("a" and "b") calculate the resistance "looking back" from the open terminals
with all voltage sources removed and replaced by their internalresistances (if 𝑹𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟎, replace the
voltage source with a short). This resistance is RTH

Now we have the components we need to create the Thevenin equivalent circuit as shown
below using the Thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance values calculated above connected in
series with the load resistor as shown below.

 Step 3
The current (through R) you wish to calculate will be:
𝑽𝑻𝑯 (𝑹)
𝑰𝑹 = … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (𝟏)
𝑹𝑻𝑯 + 𝑹

and the voltage across R will be

𝑽𝑻𝑯 (𝑹)
𝑽𝑹 = 𝑰(𝑹) = … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (𝟐)
𝑹𝑻𝑯 + 𝑹

12
 where: VTH is from Thevenin equivalent voltage obtained in Step 1, RTH is the Thevenin equivalent voltage
obtained in Step 2, and R is the value of the resistor removed in Step 1.

D. Procedure

a) Connect the circuit in Fig. 2. We will use Thevenin's theorem to find the current
through R3.
b) Measure the current through R3 and the voltage across R3. Record them:

IR3 = __________________(meas) VR3 = ___________________(meas)

F
Fig. 2
c) You will now use Thevenin's Theorem to calculate the current through R3, by following the steps
outlined in the introduction. SHOW ALL WORK in the space provided. Record the results for each step
in the space provided.
Referring to Figure 3, which is Figure 2 with R3 removed, calculate VTH in fig.3 showing all work.

F
Fig. 3

𝑽𝑻𝑯 = − − − − − − − − − − −(𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍)

d) Verify the actual Thevenin equivalent voltage be measurement: Construct the circuit in fig. 3, and
measure 𝑽𝑻𝑯.

𝑽𝑻𝑯 = − − − − − − − − − − −(𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔)

e) Construct the circuit in Figure 4, which is the circuit in Figure 2 with R3 removed and the 12 V source
replaced by a short circuit (a dead voltage source). Calculate RTH in Fig. 4, showing all work.

F
Fig.4
13
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 8 )

exp. No. ( 8):

A. Norton's Theorem.
B. To investigate Norton's theorem practically.
C. Theory (used equipment):

1. DC circuit training system.

2. Set of wires.
3. DC Power supply.
4. Digital A.V.O. meter.
Another widely used network theorem, called NORTON'S THEOREM, makes use of a
theoretical, but very useful, device called a CONSTANT- CURRENT GENERATOR. As the name
says, a ''constant-current generator'' is a theoretical generator that delivers the same constant
current to all finite load resistances it is connected to.
Norton's theorem is expressed in terms of the short-circuit current delivered by the network, and in
terms of conductance's instead of resistances. This makes Norton's theorem especially useful in the
study of parallel circuits. The statement of Norton's theorem is as follows.
The current in any load conductance GL, when connected to two terminals of a network, is
thesame as if GL connected to a constant-current generator whose constant current is equal to
the current that flows between the two terminals when they short-circuited together. This constant-
current generator then being put in parallel with a conductance equal to the conductance seen looking
back into the open-circuited terminals of the network. (In this last step, all generators removed
and replaced with conductances equal to their internal conductance's.)
Norton's theorem is summarized graphically in Fig.(1), where I sc is the short- circuit current that
flows from the network when terminals a, b are ''shorted'' together. G gis the conductance seen
looking back into the network with the terminals open-circuited, that is, with the switch open.

14
 Fig. (1)

D. Practical procedure for finding Norton's equivalent circuit:

o Remove the resistance across the two given terminals and put a short circuit across them.
o Compute short-circuit current Isc.
o Remove all voltage sources but retain their internal resistances, if any.
o Next find the resistance R i of the network as looked into from the given terminals.
The current source (Isc) joined in parallel across R i between the two terminals.

Fig. (2)

E. Procedure

1. Using the DC circuit trainer, connect the circuit shown below.

2. Measure the current and voltage of R L and record it.

15
 A B
82Ω A 100Ω

Ω50

Ω30
+

5V
-
-

RL
330Ω

3. Remove (R L) and measure (I sc) as shown below.

A B
82Ω
ISC

A
V Ω30
+
-

Ω50

5V
-
-

RL
330Ω

16
 4. Replace voltage source by short cct , then measure (RN) or (RAB).

A B
82Ω RN

Ω50

Ω30
RL
330Ω

Norton's equivalet circuit

5 . Connect the circuit shown in figure below, according to the results from step (3) & (4) and then
measure (I L&V L).

Discussion

1. Compare between the practical and Theoretical results.

2. Comment on the results

17
 3. Find Norton's equivalent circuit for the circuit below.

18
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 9 )

exp. No. ( 9):

A. Nodal's analysis.

B. To investigate the truth of Nodal's theorem analysis.

C. Theory (used equipment):

1. DC circuit training system

2. Set of wires.
3. DC Power supply
4. Digital A.V.O. meter
 Theory:
Another widely used network theorem, called NODAL'S ANALYSIS, makes use of
a theoretical. Nodel's analysis is a technique in which KCL is used to determine the nodes'
voltage at all essential nodes with respect to the reference node.
Here, node voltage is defined as the voltage of a give node with respect to a reference
node.
D. Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit that shown in figure 1.

2. Find the values of the currents (I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5).

3. Prove the truth of the nodal analysis.

19
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 10 )

exp. No. ( 10):

A. Mesh analysis.
B. To investigate the truth of mesh analysis.
C. Theory (used equipment):

1. DC circuit training system.

2. Set of wires.
3. DC Power supply.
4. Digital A.V.O. meter.

 Theory:
Another widely used network theorem, calledMesh Analysis, makes use of a theoretical. Mesh
analysis is a technique in which KCL is used to determine the nodes' voltage at all essential nodes with
respect to the reference node.
Here, node voltage is defined as the voltage of a give node with respect to a reference node.

D. Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit that shown in figure 1.
2. Find the values of the voltage across the resistors (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5).
3. Prove the truth of the Mesh analysis.

Fig. 1

20
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 11 )

exp. No. ( 11):

A. Measuring by using Oscilloscope.
B. To know what is the oscilloscope and how to use it.
C. Theory:

*What is the Oscilloscope?

Oscilloscope is a graphic meter. This measures and records quantities that vary rapidly, at rates of hundreds,
thousands, or millions of times per second. It creates a ''graph'' by throwing a beam of electrons at a
phosphor screen. A cathode- ray tube(CRT), Similar to the kind in a television set, is employed.
Oscilloscopes are useful for looking at the shapes of signal waveforms. An Oscilloscope can also be
used to approximately measure the frequency of a waveform.
The function of an oscilloscope is extremely simple: it draws a V/t graph, a graph of voltage against time,
voltage on the vertical or Y- axis, and time on the horizontal or X- axis.
As you can see in fig. 1, the screen of this oscilloscope has 8 squares or divisions on the vertical axis,
and 10 squares or divisions on the horizontal axis. Usually, these squares are 1 cm in each direction.

VOLTS

vertical

axis

Y-axis

TIME Horizontal axis

Fig.(1) The Oscilloscope screen Y-axis

Oscilloscope controls
Many of the controls of the oscilloscope allow you to change the vertical or horizontal scales or position
of the V/t graph, so that you can display a clear picture of the signal, the most important controls are:

 The channel 1 and 2 inputs- these may be marked "X" AND "Y".

21
  The TIME/DIV control determines horizontal scale of the graph which appears on the
oscilloscope screen. For example if you adjust it to 0.5 ms this means that everyone horizontal
square is equal to ms.
 The VOLTS/DIV controls determine the vertical scale of the graph drawn on the oscilloscope
screen. There are two controls from this type each means that everyone vertical square is equal to
1V.
 The X-POS moves the graph from side to side on the screen(horizontally).
 The Y-POS allows you move the graph up and down the screen (vertically). There are two controls
from this type each one for one channel(ch1,ch2).
 The INTENSITY control: it's for graph brightness.
 The FOCUS control: it's for graph sharpness.
 CHI- CHII- Add-Dual: as following:
CH1: to display the graph of CH1 only.
CH2: to display the graph of CHII only.
Add: CHI and CHII signals added together to produce a single trace.Show fig.(2).

Fig. (2) the Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope modes

In order to obtain a steady state display for a repetitive signal, the time-base may be synchronized to one
of the input signals. This is achieved using the trigger controls.

A second mode of operation is known as X-Y display in which the voltage applied to one input is
displayed as a function of the voltage applied to the second input. See fig.(3).

22
 Trigger display x-y display

Fig.(3). The Oscilloscope

modes

 Procedure:

Try to know what the functions of the oscilloscope controls are?

23
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 12 )

exp. No. ( 12):

A. Capacitors And Inductors.
B. To know how we can connect and measure capacitors and inductors.

 Theory:
A. Capacitors:
1. When we connect capacitors in series then the equivalent capacitor is equal to:

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑪 + 𝑪 + ⋯+ 𝑪
𝑪𝒆𝒒 𝟏 𝟐 𝒏

2. When we connect capacitors in parallel then the equivalent capacitor is equal to:

𝑪𝒆𝒒 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑪𝒏

24
 B. Inductors:
1. When we connect Inductors in series then the equivalent Inductor is equal to:

𝑳𝒆𝒒 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑳𝒏

2. When we connect Inductors in parallel then the equivalent Inductor is equal to:

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +⋯+
𝑳𝒆𝒒 𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝒏

 Procedure:
1. The capacitor in series connection.
A. Connect the circuit shown in fig.1 and find the voltages V1.
B. Repeats to find V2 and V3 on the other capacitors.
C. In fig.2 find the voltage Vtotal.

V1 V2

Fig.1 Fig.2

25
 2. The capacitor in parallel connection:
A. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.3 and find the voltagesV1.
B. Repeats to find V2and V3 on the other capacitors.

V1

Fig.3

3. The inductance in series connection:

A. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.4 and find the voltages V1.
B. Repeat to find V2 and V3 on the other Inductors.
C. In Fig.5 find the voltage Vtotal.

V1 V2

Fig.4 Fig.5

4. The Inductance in parallel connection:

A. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.6 and find the voltages V1.
B. Repeat to find V2and V3 on the other Inductors.

26
 V1

Fig.6

5. We can display these function by C or L on the Oscilloscope and we know the voltage and
current phase shift between them.

27
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 13 )

exp. No. ( 13):

A. Series RLC circuit sinusoidal response.
B. To measure the resonant frequency and bandwidth for a series RLC circuit.
C. Theory:

Since inductive and capacitive reactance are a function of frequency, the sinusoidal response of
RLC circuit will vary with the applied frequency. Inductive reactance is directly proportional to
the frequency, and the capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency.
There is a frequency (𝒇𝒐 ) where the reactance cancel out (XL- XC = 0) and the circuit becomes
resistive [Z = R + J (XL- XC )].
This phenomenon is called Resonance.
Below the resonant frequency the impedance is capacitive. Above the resonant frequency the
impedance is inductive.
The series resonant circuit has two important parameters, resonant frequency (𝒇𝒐 ) and bandwidth
(BW).
The bandwidth is the difference between the two frequencies where the current in the circuit is
0.707 of its maximum value.
D. Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1, let R = 620Ω, L = 100mH, and
C = 0.1 µF.
2. Apply a sinusoidal input of 5V p- p to the circuit.
3. Display both input and output on the screen of the Oscilloscope using two different channels
with the same horizontal scale.
4. Keep the value of the function generator(input voltage) fixed at 5V p- p .
5. Vary the frequency from 600Hz to 2500Hz in increment of 100Hz.
6. Measure and record the peak to peak magnitude of the voltage(VO).

Fig.1

28
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 14 )

exp. No. ( 14):

A. Parallel Resonance.
B. To measure the resonant frequency and bandwidth for a parallel RLC circuit.
C. Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1, let R = 530Ω , L = 90 mH, and C = 0.2µF.
2. Apply a sinusoidal input of 5V p- p to the circuit.
3. Display different channels with the same horizontal scale.
4. Keep the value of the function generator(input voltage) fixed at 5V p- p.
5. Vary the frequency from 600Hz to 2500Hz in increment of 100Hz.
6. Measure and record the peak to peak magnitude of the voltage(VO).

D. Discussion:

1. Find the resonant frequency (fo)?

2. Find the half power frequencies f1, f2 and BW?
3. Compare with theoretical results and discuss that?
4. Draw the frequency response?

R
+

VS L C VO

Fig.1

29
 Ministry of teaching& high education
Al- Mustansiriya University 1' class
College of engineering electrical eng. Lab
Computer engineering exp. No. ( 15 )

exp. No. ( 15):

A. Source transformation.
B. To apply and know how to prove the source transformation.
C. Theory:

In this experiment we can prove that the current source with a resistor connected in parallel with it can
be transformed to a voltage source and resistor in series.

D. Procedure:

1.Connect the circuit as shown in fig.1 and measure all the current at node1.
2.Change the current source to the voltage (V = I * R) i.e. (100mA *50Ω = 5V) with the resistor
connect in series with the circuit.
3. Measure all the current at node1 and compare it with that in step 1.
E. Discussion:
What is your conclusion from this experiment?

Fig. 1

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