JOINT VENTURE “VIETSOVPETRO”

PROJECT : EXTENSION OF GAS COMPRESSION

CAPACITY AT BLOCK 09-1

PACKAGE : PROVISION OF FUEL GAS SYSTEM

CONTRACT NUMBER : 0051/18/T-D3/VSP1-PVCMS-CHANHUNG

DOCUMENT TITLE : LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE

0 Approval for
Construction 12-10-18

Issued for
B Review/ 19-09-18
Approved
Issued for
A Review/ 23-07-18
Approved
CANDT PVC-MS VSP
REV. DESCRIPTION DATE
PREP. CHECK REVIEW CHECK APPR.
VENDOR:
Vendor Document No.: FGS-PVCMS-QP-G06-0006

VSP’s Control Doc. Ref. No.: MKS-112-TS-

GEN.FUG-PR-006
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REVISION RECORD SHEET

NN Rev. No. Content of revision Date

1 A Issued for Review/ Approve 23-07-2018

2 B Issued for Review/ Approve 19-09-2018

3 0 Approval for Construction 12-10-2018

Note: Third column is to be filled in, when the document is being updated/modified

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
REVISION RECORD SHEET.....................................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................. 3
1.0 SCOPE........................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 4
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION.....................................................................................4
4.0 PROCEDURE REVISION...............................................................................................4
5.0 MATERIALS AND PRESERVATION..............................................................................5
6.0 SURFACE PREPARATION............................................................................................5
7.0 TESTING METHOD........................................................................................................6
8.0 ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................6
8.1 Color contrast liquid penetrant examination...........................................................6
8.2 Fluorescent liquid penetrant examination..............................................................6
9.0 EXAMINATION............................................................................................................... 7
9.1 Pre-cleaning.......................................................................................................... 7
9.2 Penetrant Application.............................................................................................7
9.3 Penetrant Removal Application..............................................................................7
9.4 Drying.................................................................................................................... 8
9.5 Developer Application............................................................................................8
9.6 Interpretation of indications....................................................................................8
9.7 Evaluation of Indications........................................................................................9
10.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA..............................................................................................9
11.0 RECORDS and REPORT...............................................................................................9
Appendix 1 - RECOMMENDED DWELL TIMES.......................................................................10
Appendix 2 - LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION REPORT.................................................11

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1.0 SCOPE
 The purpose of this procedure is to describe the test procedure for color
contrast liquid penetrant examination and fluorescent liquid penetrant
examination using Solvent removable process and the acceptance criteria
for Non Ferrous and ferrous materials.
 This procedure applies to the Penetrant Examination methods for detecting
discontinuities that are open to the surface such as crack and other
discontinuities on surface of materials.
 This procedure defines the conditions of performing for ferrous and non-
ferrous as well as for all repaired welds; all weld of fittings, fillet welds,
finished welds and other permanent attachments.
 The method is also applied for other configuration of the test specimen that
can not be suited for the Magnetic Particle Method.
2.0 REFERENCES
 The following Codes and Standards with the latest editions which are
registered in CANDT’s list shall be referenced:
 ASME Section V: Non-Destructive Examination.
 AWS D1.1: Structure Welding Code Steel.
 ASME Code B31.3: Process Piping Code
 ASME SE 165: Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection
 ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A: Personnel Qualifications.
 CA-30-01: CANDT’s Written Practice
 Health, Safety and Environment Management System.
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
 The test will be carried out and results shall be evaluated and reported by
the Penetrant Testing technicians, whom qualified and certified as level II
or level III in accordance with CANDT’s Written Practice based on ASNT
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A, ISO 9712, PCN, CSWIP or
equivalent
 The certification of personnel shall be submitted to Client or Owner prior to
work commencement for verification.
4.0 PROCEDURE REVISION
 A revision of procedure shall be required whenever a change of substitution
is made in:
 The type of penetrant materials or in the processing technique.
 The type pre-cleaning material or processes.

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 The cleaning processes that can close surface opening of

discontinuities or leave interfering deposits, such as the use of grit
blast cleaning or acid treatments.

5.0 MATERIALS AND PRESERVATION

 A family of liquid penetrant materials consists of the followings:
 Penetrant
 Solvent remover
 Developer
 All penetrant materials shall include certificates of analyzed individually for
sulphur and halogen contents (%). And, these chemicals shall not
adversely affect the integrity of the part being examined.
 Intermixing within the family of penetrant materials from different
manufacturers shall not be permitted.
 The following table indicates proposed liquid penetrant materials.

Visible Red Dye Mega check 8001 NABAKEM or equivalent

Penetrant

Fluorescent Dye NABAKEM FP-20 Fluorescent Penetrant or

penetrant equivalent

Remover Mega check 8002 NABAKEM or equivalent

Developer Mega check 8003 NABAKEM or equivalent

 Table 1: Penetrant Material

 Penetrant systems from different manufacturers shall be stored separately.
 A record of the materials shall include chemical batch numbers and test
result shall be maintained for certification.
 The manufacturers recommended safety precautions are to be strictly
observed at all times during handling, storing and using materials.
6.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
 In general, surface of part is satisfactory as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast
or as-forged condition.
 Surface shall be free of any contaminant such as excessive rust,
scale, welding flux. Spatter, grease, paint, oil films, dirt and etc. That
might interfere with the penetrant process.
 Surface shall be of a sufficiently nonporous nature so that excessive
irrelevant indications are not produced.
 Approved cleaning methods shall include only methods that will not
cause damage to or peen surface discontinuities.

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 Grinding, machining, wire brushing, scraping or other methods may be

necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications that
may be present.
 Cleaning by shot blasting or sand blasting is not permitted.
 Solvent and detergent cleaning can be used whenever possible.
 Cleaning shall extend to a 50 mm whichever possible outside the
examination area.
 All examination surfaces shall be dry prior to examination. Drying time
after solvent cleaning shall be 1 (one) minute as a minimum.
 For safety reasons, in confined areas where examination is to be
conducted, adequate ventilation shall be provided where toxic or
irritant chemicals are used.
 The temperature of the penetrant materials and the surface of the part
to be processed shall be between 5 0C and 52 0C.
7.0 TESTING METHOD
Visible Penetrant Examination and Fluorescent Penetrant Examination
using Solvent Removable.
 Visible Penetrant Examination uses a penetrant that can be seen in
visible light. The penetrant is usually red, so that the indications
produce a definite contrast with the white background of the
developer. The visible penetrant process does not require the use of
black light. However, visible penetrant indications must be viewed
under adequate white light.
 The Fluorescent Penetrant examination is performed by using an
ultraviolet light in darked area.
8.0 ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS
8.1 Color contrast liquid penetrant examination
Lighting shall be such that adequate condition exist for interpretation and
evaluation and shall normally be either from Nature (day light) or Artificial
(white) light to ensure that no loss of sensitivity in the examination.
Minimum requirements shall be 100 fc (1000 Lux) at the inspection
surface.
8.2 Fluorescent liquid penetrant examination
The examination is performed by using an ultraviolet light (Black Light) for
interpretation and evaluation.
 It shall be performed in dark area.
 The examiner shall be in the dark area for at least 5 minutes prior to
performing the examination to enable his eyes to adapt to dark
viewing.
 Black light shall be allowed to warm up for a minimum of 5 minutes
prior to use or measurement of intensity of the ultraviolet light emitted.

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Black light intensity shall be measured with a black light meter with a
minimum of 1000 W/cm2 on the surface of the part being examined. The
black light intensity shall be measured at least once every 8 hours and
whenever the work station is changed.

9.0 EXAMINATION
 All examination shall conduct with sufficient overlap to ensure 100 percent
coverage.
9.1 Pre-cleaning
Surface shall be clean and dry prior to examination and as per section 7.0
of this procedure.
The surface to be tested and adjacent areas within one inch (25 mm) shall
be thoroughly cleaned with pre-cleaner to ensure any possible
contaminants are removed.
The inspection surface shall be wiped dry by lint free cloth or absorbent
paper. It shall be ensured that cleaning solution has complete evaporated
prior to the application of penetrant.
9.2 Penetrant Application
 Thoroughly shake the aerosol for 10-15 seconds, and apply the
penetrant to the dry surface to be examined such that the entire part of
area under examination area completely covered with penetrant.
 Penetration Time shall be in accordance to SE 165, Table 2.
Recommended Dwell Time, see Appendix 1.
 The Minimum Dwell Time shall be 10 minutes or as per the
manufacturer’s recommendations. The Dwell time shall be closely
monitored.
 Temperature range for conducting examinations shall be within 5 0C –
52 0C.
 When it is not practical to conduct a liquid penetrant examination within
the temperature range of 40 0F to 125 0F (5 0C to 52 0C), the
examination procedure at the proposed lower or higher temperature
range requires qualification. This shall require the use of a quench
cracked aluminum block, which is designated as a Liquid Penetrant
Comparator Block. The test shall be carried out using an Aluminum
Sensitivity Test Block that compiles with ASTM and ASME codes. The
test will be carried out in accordance with ASME V Article 6 Section T-
653 and the test results shall be documented and approved by Client
representative.
9.3 Penetrant Removal Application
Upon achieving the required penetration time, excess penetrant shall be
removed by wiping off with clean and lint - free cloth or tissues initially and
then with a solvent dampened cloths and finally with a dry cloth.

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Excess penetrant to be removed shall be such that removal of penetrant

from indications is minimal. Direct spraying of solvent to the test surface is
not permitted.
9.4 Drying
Drying shall be by exposure to ambient temperature under normal
evaporation and shall be at a minimum of 1 (one) minute to a maximum of
5 (five) minutes. Induced faster drying by blowing with low pressure (0.35
Kg/cm2 - 0.69 Kg/cm2) at ambient temperature is permitted.
Excessive drying time can cause drying of the penetrant, which can impair
the sensitivity of the examination.
9.5 Developer Application
 Thoroughly shake the aerosol for 10-15 seconds, and apply the
developer to the dry surface to be examined such that the entire part of
area under examination area completely covered with developer.
 Developer shall be applied evenly as soon as possible after removal of
excess penetrant and drying of the test surface.
 Developer shall be applied (spray) at not less than 300 mm away from
examination surface to obtain a thin even film and left to develop for a
minimum of 10 minutes but not exceed 2 hours for aqueous and 1 hour
for non aqueous developer. Insufficient coating thickness may not
draw the penetrant out of the discontinuities but conversely, excessive
coating thickness may result in pooling and thus mask indications
9.6 Interpretation of indications
 With a color contrast penetrant, the developer forms a reasonably
uniform white coating. Surface discontinuities are indicated by bleed-
out of the penetrant which is normally a deep red color that stains the
developer. Indications with a light pink color may indicate excessive
cleaning. Inadequate cleaning may leave an excessive background
making interpretation difficult. A minimum light intensity of 100 FC
(1000 Lx) is required to ensure adequate sensitivity during the
examination and evaluation of indications.
 Inspection will be carried out after the wet developer coating is dry.
Final interpretation shall be made after allowing sufficient time for the
penetrant to bleed-out, within 10 to 60 minutes. Defective areas shall
be clearly identified. If the surface to be examined is so large as to
preclude complete examination within the prescribed time, then only
portions of the surface shall be examined at any one time.
 The types of discontinuities are difficult to evaluate if the penetrant
diffuses excessively into the developer. If this condition occurs, close
observation of the formation of indications during application of the
developer may assist in characterizing and determining the extent of
indications.

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 Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by bleed-out of

penetrant; however, localized surface irregularities due to machining
marks or other surface conditions may produce false indications.
 Broad areas of pigmentation which could mask indications of
discontinuities are unacceptable, and such areas shall be cleaned and
reexamined.
 Indications shall be classified as “non- relevant” or “relevant”.
a) Relevant Indications:
The visible presence of detectable bleeds - out of Liquid
Penetrant from the discontinuities and shall be evaluated as
per acceptance criteria.
b) Non - relevant indications:
The visible presence of Liquid Penetrant readings resulting
from a condition not associated with the discontinuity.
9.7 Evaluation of Indications
 An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imperfection. Only
indications with major dimensions greater than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) shall
be considered relevant.
 A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the
width.
 A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length
equal to or less than three times the width.
 Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to
determine whether or not they are relevant.
10.0ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
 Acceptance standard used for evaluation of PT indiactions shall be as
specified in the applicable referencing standards as designated in the
Project Specification and Codes. The acceptance criteria shall be shown on
PT report.
 For structural and tubular structural weld shall be apply follow AWS D1.1
table 6.1 and table 9.16
 For piping shall be evaluated follow ASME B31.3
 For pressure vessel shall be evaluated follow ASME VIII Div II, para 7.5.7
11.0RECORDS AND REPORT
 The test results shall be reported on form “Liquid Penetrant Testing Report”
as formatted as in appendix 2.
 Identification of first repair on reports and weld identification shall be
indicated, as ‘R1’ and the subsequent weld repair shall be identified as ‘R2’
and etc... joints that has been cut out and re-weld shall be denoted as
‘RW’.

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Appendix 1 - RECOMMENDED DWELL TIMES

Table 2: RECOMMENDED DWELL TIMES

Dwell Times (in minutes)(a, b)

Type of
Material Form
Discontinuity Penetrant(c) Developer(d)

Aluminum, Cast - castings Cold shuts, 10 10

magnesium, and welds porosity,
steel, brass and
bronze, titanium Wrought- Laps, cracks (all 20 10
and high - extrusions, forms)
temperature
alloys Lack of fusion, 10 10
porosity,

a) For temperature range from 5 0C to 52 0C.

b) All dwell times given are recommended minimums

c) Maximum penetrant dwell time referred to manufacturer recommendation.

d) Development time begins directly after application or dry developer and as soon as
wet developer coating has dried on surface of parts (recommended minimum).

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Appendix 2 - LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION REPORT

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