MATRIX ALGEBRA

1. If the rank of a 100×200 matrix A is 50, what is the rank of the following matrices ?
(i) 5A and (ii) AT
2. Find the rank of the following matrices.
3 1 4  1 1 10
0 0
4 3 0 − 2 1 3 4 3 2 −3 5  2 2 20
0 0
     3 3 30
0 0
a) 3 4 − 1 − 3 b) 2 4 3 3 c) 5 −2 9  d) 0 0 04
4 4
     
− 7 − 7 1 5  6 1 1 1  7 −5 14  [0 0 05
5 5
6 6]
0 0 06
1 − 2 3 1 
 
3. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ such that the rank of A = 2 1 − 1 2 is (a) 3 (b) 2.
 
6 − 2 a b 
1 1 t 
4. Find the value of t, if the rank of A = 1 t 1 is two.
t 1 1

5. Are the set of vectors {[2, 1, 0, 1], [3, 7 ,-1, 5], [5, 8, -1, 6]} linearly independent or dependent? If found
dependent find a relation between them.
6. Determine if each of the following set of vectors are linearly independent or linearly dependent.
a) v1 = (1, 1, − 1, 2); v 2 = (2, − 2, 0, 2); v3 = (2, − 8, 3, − 1).
b) v1 = (1, − 2, 3, − 4); v 2 = (−1, 3, 4, 2); v3 = (1, 1, − 2, − 2).
c) v1 = (3, − 1); v 2 = (4, 5); v3 = (−4, 7).
d) v1 = (0, 3, − 3, − 6); v 2 = (−2, 0, 0, − 6); v3 = (0, − 4, − 2 , − 2) ; v 4 = (0, − 8, 4, − 4).
7. Solve the following system of equations:
x1 + 3x 2 − 2 x3 = 0
x + y + 2z = 9 x − y + 2z = 5
2 x1 + 6 x 2 − 5 x3 = 0
a) 2 x + 4 y − 3z = 1 b) 3x + y + z = 8 c) 5 x1 + 10 x 2 + 15 x3 = 0
3x + 6 y − 5 z = 0 2 x − 2 y + 3z = 7 2 x1 + 6 x 2 + 4 x3 = 0

8. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ for which the given system has (i) unique solution,(ii) infinitely many
solutions and (iii) no solution.
x+ y+z =6
x + 2 y + 3z = 10
x + 2 y + az = b
9. Find the eigenvalues and, eigenvectors of the given matrices
 1 0 0 2 2 1  4 − 6 − 6
 1 − 2      
a) A =   b) A =  2 2 0 d) A = 1 3 1  e) A = 0 − 2 0 
− 5 4       
− 2 2 3  1 2 2 1 − 1 − 1 

0
 4 1 
10. If A =   , find the eigenvalues of A, A2 , A−1 ,5 A−1 , 7 A3 .
3 2
4 −6 −6
11. If 2 is an eigenvalue of the matrix 𝐵 = [0 −2 0 ], find the other two eigenvalues.
1 −1 −1
12. If the characteristic polynomial of a matrix A is 𝜆9 − 3𝜆3 + 5𝜆2 + 𝜆, then what is the size of A ? Is A
invertible?
0 0 
13. What is the algebraic multiplicity and geometric multiplicity of each eigenvalues of A =  ?
0 0 
1 0 0 
0 0  1 1   
14. Find the algebraic and geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalues in A=  B=  C = 0 0 − 1 .
1 0  0 0  0 0 0
, ,
15. Find the eigenvalues of a 2×2 singular matrix having trace 999.
16. If 2i and 3i are the eigenvalues of a 5×5 skew symmetric matrix, find the other eigenvalues.
17. If 2i, 5-i and 3 are the eigenvalues of a 5×5 matrix A, find all the eigenvalues of 25A.
18. If A is a 25× 25 matrix having eigen values 1, 2 and -1, each with algebraic multiplicities 10,2 and 13
respectively, find the (i) determinant of A2 and (ii) trace of A2
19. If A is a 125× 125 skew symmetric matrix having eigenvalues i and 2i each with algebraic multiplicities
50 and 10 respectively, find the determinant of 3A.Explain.
20. Given below are the spectrum of five matrices. Which of them can be a spectrum of orthogonal
matrices?
2+𝑖 2−𝑖 1 −1
(a) {1, -1}, (b) {1+ i, 1- i, i, -i, 1, -1} (c) {1, 2, 3} (d) { , , 1, 𝑖, −𝑖} (e) { , }
√5 √5 √2 √2
1 1
−
√2 √2
21. Find the value of afor which the matrix, 𝐴 = [ 1 ] is (i) an orthogonal matrix, (ii) a positive
𝑎
√2
definite matrix.
22. Classify the given matrices as positive definite, negative definite or indefinite:

−1 2 4 −1 2 4
3 2
(a) [ ] (b) [ 0 1 −3] (c) [−2 1 −3]
1 5
0 0 8 2 0 1
3 2
23. What should be the value of ‘a’ if the matrix, [ ] is positive definite ?
1 𝑎
24. Find the principal directions and corresponding factors of extension or contraction of the elastic
8 − 4
deformation Y=AX with the given matrix A =  .
2 2 
1 0 0
 
25. Find the basis of eigenvectors and diagonalize the matrix A = 0 3 − 1 .
0 − 1 3

1
 8 −1
26. Find a basis of eigenvectors and diagonalise the matrix 𝐴 = [ ].
5 2
2 2 1
27. Diagonalise the matrix, 𝐷 = [1 3 1].
1 2 2
1 0 0 
 
28. Can you diagonalise the matrix C = 0 0 − 1 ? Explain.
0 0 0

2 1
29. If the eigenvalues of a 2×2 matrix A are 4, -3 and their corresponding eigenvectors are ( )and ( ),
9 1
respectively, find the matrix A.
30. Find out what type of conic section is represented by the given quadratic form :
4 x12 + 12x1x2 + 13x22 = 16. Transform it to principal axes. Express x = x1 , x 2  T in terms of new
coordinate vector y =  y1 , y 2  .
T

31. Find out what type of conic section is represented by the given quadratic form :
− 5x12 + 4 x1 x2 − 2 x22 = −36. Transform it to principal axes. Express x = x1 , x 2  T in terms of new
coordinate vector y =  y1 , y 2  .
T

2 1 1
32. Using Power method, find the dominant eigenvalue of 𝐴 = [ ]. Take the initial eigenvector as ( )
4 5 1
and perform 4 iterations.
5 −2 1
33. Find the dominant eigenvalue of 𝐴 = [ ]. Take the initial eigenvector as ( ) and perform 4
−2 8 1
iterations.
34. Write the Gauss-Siedel iterative formula and then solve the given linear system of equations. (Start the
iteration with initial solution, x(0)=0, y(0)=0 and z(0)=0 and perform 5 iterations)
12𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 20
𝑥 + 9𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 8
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 9
35. Write the Gauss-Siedel iterative formula and then solve the given linear system of equations. Take the
𝑥 1
𝑦
initial solution as ( ) = (0) and perform 3 iterations.
𝑧 0
2𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 14
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 10
6𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8