File No.： EG0222032301 File Version： V1.

Solar Carport Mounting System

Solar Panel Mounting Structure

Caculation report

Project name ROYAL COURT CARPORT SYSTEM

Design reference ASCE 7-10,AISC 360-10

Made by Arthur

Approved by Allen

Date Tuesday,27 September 2022

厦门鹭伏特新能源科技有限公司

Xiamen Egret Solar New Energy Technology Co., Ltd

1.Design basis and judgment standards
1.1 Standard code
● ASCE 7-10,AISC 360-10
1.2 Design condition and technical parameters
●Solar Panel：L2279*W1134*H35 550W 28.6Kg
●Layout：5*21
●Installation angle： 5°
●Span：NA*6000 mm
●Panel ground clearance：2500 mm
●Exposure category：C
●Wind Load：V=47.22 m/s
●snow Load：So=0 KN/m2 （no need to consider）
●Design working life of structure：25years

2.Load calculation
2.1 Sketch of bracket
● Front view

● Side view
2.2 Load calculation
2.2.1 Dead load
●Solar Panel：
Dead-weight of panel G1=28.6kg ≈ 0.280 KN
Standard load of panel：G1/m2 = 0.28KN/（2.279*1.134）= 108 N/m²
●Rail Q235B C140*60*20*3
Elasticity modulus E=206×10³ Mpa
Tensile/compressive/bending strength f= 235 N/mm²
Shearing strength fv= 91 N/mm²

Section geometrical parameter(cm)

Ix 255.5900 Iy 41.594
ix 54.9660 Wy 20.904
Wx 36.5130
Dead-weight of Rail G2=48.5m * 6.78kg/m =328.83kg ≈ 3.223 KN
Standard load of Rail G2/m = 6.78 kg/m = 66.444 N/m
●girder Q235B H200*100
Elasticity modulus E=206×10³ Mpa
Tensile/compressive/bending strength f= 235 N/mm²
Shearing strength fv= 91 N/mm²

Section geometrical parameter(cm)

Ix 1876.1780 Iy 134.138
ix 82.4922 Wy 26.828
Wx 187.6180
Dead-weight of Rail G3=6m * 21.7kg/m =130.2kg ≈ 1.276 KN
Standard load of Rail G3/m = 21.7 kg/m = 212.660 N/m
●post Q235B H400*200
Elasticity modulus E=206×10³ Mpa
Tensile/compressive/bending strength f= 235 N/mm²
Shearing strength fv= 91 N/mm²

Section geometrical parameter(cm)

Ix 23704.4260 Iy 1736.388
ix 167.8694 Wy 173.639
Wx 1185.2210
Dead-weight of post G4=1.65m * 66.04kg/m =108.966kg ≈ 1.068 KN
Standard load of post G6/m = 66.04 kg/m = 647.192 N/m
2.2.2 Snow load（no need to consider）
2.2.3 Wind load
Wind pressure at height Z point shall be calculated in following formula:
(27.3-1)
The wind load to be used in the design of the MWFRS for an enclosed or partially enclosed building
shall not be less than 0.77 kN/m2 multiplied by the wall area of the building and 0.38 kN/m2 multiplied
by the roof area of the building projected onto a vertical plane normal to the assumed wind direction.
Wall and roof loads shall be applied simultaneously. The design wind force for open buildings shall be not less than
0.77 kN/m2 multiplied by the area Af.
qz = 0.613*0.85*1*0.85*47.22² = 987.530 N/m²
Where：
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients Kz
0.85 Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 Table 29.3-1
=
Landform coefficient Kzt = 1 Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 26.8 Table 26.8-1

Wind Directionality Factor Kd = 0.85 Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 26.6 Table 26.6-1

Basic wind velocity V = 47.22 m/s

The lateral force Fh on rooftop structures and equipment located on buildings with a mean roof
height h ≤ 60 ft (18.3 m) shall be determined from Eq. 29.5-2.

Wind load formula： F = q z* G * C f* A f (N) Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 Table 29.5-1

qz*G*Cf1 = 987.53*0.85*1.667 = 1399.281 N/m²

qz*G*Cf2 = 987.53*0.85*-1.567 = -1315.341 N/m²

Where：
Wind pressure at Af form center Z point
987.530 N/m² Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 Table 29.3-1
qz=
Gust impact coefficient G = 0.85 Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 26.9

Wind load shape coefficient Cf1 = 1.667 Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 Table 27.4-4

Wind load shape coefficient Cf2 = -1.567 Based on ASCE/SEI 7-10 Table 27.4-4
Projected area vertical to wind direction
--
Af =

F = 770*Af

Because： qz*G*Cf > 770.000 N/m²

Then: qz*G*Cf1 = 1399.281 N/m²

qz*G*Cf2 = -1315.341 N/m²

Af1 = 27.350 m² Area of one spacing

F1 following = 1399.281*27.35= 38270.325 N (following wind)

F1 against = -1315.341*27.35= -35974.565 N (against wind)

 2.2.4 Load inspection item (Allowable stress design method)

Load listed in this section shall be considered as the group, which will generate the most disadvantage in building, foundation
and structure members.

1. D D:dead load
2. D + L L:live load
3. D + (Lr or S or R) S:snow load
4. D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R) W:wind load
5. D + (0.6W or 0.7E) R:rain load
6a. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W) + 0.75(Lr or S or R) E:earthquake load
6b. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7E) + 0.75S
7. 0.6D + 0.6W
8. 0.6D + 0.7E

F = D+0.6W (the condition is the most disadvantage for rack in the following wind)
F =0.6D+0.6W(the condition is the most disadvantage for base in the against wind)
2.3 Strength Calculation

2.3.1 Rail

Dy = (G1+G2)*cos5 = 9738.744 N
Dx = (G1+G2)*sin5 = 852.030 N
Sy = S*cos5 = 0.000 N
Sx = S*sin5 = 0.000 N
W1 = F1 following = 38270.325 N
W2 = F2 following = -35974.565 N
Fy(+) = Dy+0.6*W1 = 32700.939 N
following wind
Fx(+) = Dx+0 = 852.030 N
Fy(-) = 0.6*Dy+0.6*W2 = -21584.739 N
against wind
Fx(-) = 0.6*Dx+0 = 511.218 N

qy(+) = Fy(+)/(length of span)/6 = 908.359 N/m

qx(+) = Fx(+)/(length of span)/6 = 23.668 N/m

qy(-) = Fy(-)/(length of span)/6 = -599.576 N/m

qx(-) = Fx(-)/(length of span)/6 = 14.201 N/m

● Calculation conclusion of Rail

Model diagram(Y)

Model diagram(x)
 Bending moment diagram(Y)

Bending moment diagram(X)

Shear diagram(Y)

Shear diagram(X)

It can be got from above bending moment diagram,:

Mmax(y) = 2244433 N·mm

σy ＝ Mmax(y)/Wy = 61.469 N/mm² < 140.7 N/mm²

Mmax(x) = 91299 N·mm

σx ＝ Mmax(x)/WX = 4.368 N/mm² < 140.7 N/mm²

σ＝ σy + σx = 65.837 N/mm² < 140.7 N/mm²

Therefore, strength of rail C140*60*20*3 satisfies requirements

 2.3.2 Calculation of Support
Force diagram of support as below:

SM Solver SAP2000

Suppose the spacing is the same for the whole sytem, then Positive force Fy1(+) = qy(+)*Span = 5450 N following
Fx1(+) = qx(+)*Span = 142 N wind

Suppose the spacing is the same for the whole sytem, then uplift force Fy1(-) = qy(-)*Span = -3597 N against
Fx1(-) = qx(-)*Span = 85 N wind

SM Solver

Model diagram

Bending moment diagram

Axial force diagram

Shear diagram

Counter-force diagram
G

W+

W-

K
 Mmax = 29844950 N·mm

σ＝Mmax/WX = 159.07 N/mm² < 235/1.3=180.77N/mm2

Therefore, strength of girder satisfies requirements.
M Post = 154982151 N·mm

σPost = M/W = 130.76 N/mm² < 235/1.3=180.77N/mm2

Therefore, strength of post satisfies requirements.
2.3.3 Bolt strength calculation on the base

The size of the bolt on Grider: M16x60, material: steel, strength of extension: 400Mpa, shear strength: 320Mpa F= 6169.00 N

σ＝Mmax/A= 6168.997/201= 30.692 N/mm² < 320 N/mm²

Therefore,strength of the bolt satisfies requirements.

2.4 summary

Items Calculated Value Permissible Strength

Rail 65.837 N/mm² 140.719 N/mm²

Girder 159.073 N/mm² 140.719 N/mm²

Post 130.762 N/mm² 140.719 N/mm²

bolt M16 30.692 N/mm² 320.000 N/mm²

Safety factor for tension： Ωt=1.67；(Based on AISC 360-10 D2)

Safety factor for Compressive： Ωc=1.67；(Based on AISC 360-10 E1)

safety factor for bending： Ωb=1.67；(Based on AISC 360-10 F1)

safety factor for Shear： Ωv=1.67；(Based on AISC 360-10 G1)

2.5.1 Mid Clamp

85.654 N < 15090.000 N OK In headwind, Use 2 mid clamps.

2.5.2 End Clamp

42.827 N < 8380.000 N OK In headwind, Use 2 end clamps.

Conclusion: The PV Rack is ok。

3.1 Cement pier calculation

Suppose the spacing is the same for the whole sytem, then Positive force Fy1(+) = qy(+)*Span = 5450 N following
Fx1(+) = qx(+)*Span = 142 N wind

Suppose the spacing is the same for the whole sytem, then uplift force Fy1(-) = qy(-)*Span = -3597 N against
Fx1(-) = qx(-)*Span = 85 N wind
Following wind

Output data

Horizontal force Vertical force Resultant force Angle

2001.13622 32649.8289 32711.0971 86.4926796

Against wind

Output data

Horizontal force Vertical force Resultant force Angle

-2388.98967 -21455.4315 21588.0247 263.646479

3.2 Design Data
Width of Pedestal ＝ b ＝ 300 mm

Depth of Pedestal ＝ h ＝ 600 mm

Safe Bearing Capacity ＝ qs ＝ 230 kN/㎡

Grade of reinfocement ＝ fy ＝ 460 N/mm²

Design strength of concrete ＝ fcu ＝ 35 N/mm²

Depth of foundation slab ＝ D ＝ 600 mm

Clear cover ＝ c ＝ 70 mm

Fdn.depth below grade level ＝ Df ＝ 0.6 m

Unit weight of soil ＝ γ ＝ 18 kN/m³

Elastic modulus of concrete ＝ Ec ＝ 2.80E+04 N/mm²

Elastic modulus of reinforcement ＝ Es ＝ 2.00E+05 N/mm²

Design allowable crack width ＝ w ＝ 0.3 mm

3.3 Foundation layout

3.4 Check for bearing pressure

Base area & size of footing

Design service load ＝ P1 ＝ 30.00 kN

Design service moment (about B) ＝ MB1 ＝ 64.37 kN.m

Design service moment (about L) ＝ ML1 ＝ 7.17 kN.m

Maximum horizontal force (along B) ＝ FB1 ＝ 21.46 kN

Maximum horizontal force (along L) ＝ FL1 ＝ 11.94 kN

Lever arm for Hor.load (from fdn base) = Self ＝ Hq ＝ 0.60 m

weight of footing ＝ w1 ＝ 32.34 kN

Self weight of earth on footing ＝ w3 ＝ 43.50 kN

Total vertical load on the foundation ＝ p ＝ 105.84 kN

Area of base required ＝ （A）req. ＝ p/qs

＝ 0.46 ㎡

Length of footing ＝ L ＝ 2.00 m

Width of footing ＝ B ＝ 1.00 m

Area footing provided ＝ A ＝ 2.00 ㎡

＞ （A）req. OK
 Bearing Pressure (Serviceability)

Max base pressure due to axial load ＝ P/A ＝ 38.62 kN/m2

Additional moment about B due to FB1 ＝ FBI*Hq ＝ 12.87 kN.m

Additional moment about L due to FL1 ＝ FL1*Hq ＝ 7.17 kN.m

Total moment about B on foundation ＝ MB ＝ 77.24 kN.m

Total moment about L on foundation ＝ ML ＝ 14.33 kN.m

Base pressure due to axial force ＝ P1 ＝ 38.62 kN/m2

Base pressure due to moment ＝ P2 ＝ 14.33 kN/m2

Maximum base pressure ＝ Pmax ＝ 77.24 kN/m2

＜ 230.00 kN/m2

OK
Minimum base pressure ＝ pmin ＝ 52.95 kN/m2

＜ 230.00 kN/m2

OK
3.5 Calculation for design moment
Bearing pressure for Design (Ultimate state)

Maximum base pressure ＝ Pmax ＝ 77.24

Pressure due to soil and selfweight ＝ ＝ 23.50

Net pressure acting upward ＝ ＝ 53.74 kN/m2

Design maximum bearing pressure ＝ 1.4qmax ＝ 75.24 kN/m2

Conservatively assuming maximum bearing pressure on both the sides

(M)L ＝ B*[Le2/2]*qmax

＝ 65.83 kN.m

(M)B ＝ B*[Be2/2]*qmax

＝ 58.24 kN.m

3.6 Calculation for reinforcement.

3.6.1 For moment along ' L ' :-

Effective depth ＝ d ＝ 300 mm

The ratio ＝ k ＝ (M)L / bd2fcu

＝ 0.070

Lever arm ＝ z ＝ d (0.5+(0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)

＝ 274.63 mm

Lever arm ＝ (z)max ＝ 0.95d

＝ 285 mm

Therefore the design "z" value ＝ z ＝ 285 mm

Reinforcement required ＝ As ＝ (M)L / 0.95 fy z

＝ 528.57 mm²

＝ (As)Min. ＝ 0.13%

＝ 1007 mm²

(As)Pro. in 2 m wide base ＝ 2014 mm²

10 T 16 ＞ 1007 mm²

OK
Max clear spacing of bars in tension ＝ Min ( 47000/fs , 300)

＝ 255 mm

Actual clear spacing provided ＝ 198 mm

＜ 255 mm

OK
3.6.2 For moment along ' B ' :-

Effective depth ＝ d ＝ 150 mm

The ratio ＝ k ＝ (M)B / bd2fcu

＝ 0.123

Lever arm ＝ z ＝ d (0.5+(0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)

＝ 125.43 mm

Lever arm ＝ (z)max ＝ 0.95d

＝ 142.5 mm

Therefore the design "z" value ＝ 142.5 mm

Reinforcement required ＝ As ＝ (M)B / 0.95 fy z

＝ 935.25 mm²

＝ (As)Min. ＝ 0.13%

＝ 1007 mm²

(As)Pro. in 2.15 m wide base ＝ 2014 mm²

10 T 16 ＞ 1007 mm²

OK
Max clear spacing of bars in tension ＝ Min ( 47000/fs , 300)

＝ 255 mm

Actual clear spacing provided ＝ 198 mm

＜ 255 mm

OK
3.6.3 Punching shear check at column face

Column Perimeter ＝ Sp ＝ 2a+2b

＝ 2000

Shear stress ＝ Vc ＝ P / (Sp * d)

＝ 0.3528 N/mm²

＜ 4.73 N/mm²

OK
3.6.4 Punching shear check at 1.5d from the column face.

The steel ratio ＝ 100As / bd ＝ 0.10%

The ratio ＝ 400/d ＝ 1.33

The design value of 400/d ＝ 1.33

Ultimate shear capacity ＝ Vc ＝ 0.51 N./mm2

Critical perimeter ＝ P ＝ Column perimeter + (12d)

＝ (2b+2h) + (12d)

＝ 5400 mm

Area with in the perimeter ＝ A' ＝ (b+3d)*(h+3d)

＝ 1800000 mm²

Average earth pressure ＝ 114 kN/m2

Punching shear force ＝ V ＝ Earth pressure x (A - A')

＝ 297 kN
 Punching shear stress ＝ V ＝ V / (Perimeter x d)

＝ 0.33 N/mm2

＜ 0.51 N/mm2

OK
3.6.5 One-way shear check at 1.0 d from the column face

Maximum over hanging length of footing ＝ (L-h)/2 or (B-b)/2 ＝ 0.7 m

Effective shear length ＝ 0.4 m

Shear force at critical section ＝ V ＝ 126.7 kN

Shear stress ＝ v ＝ V/bd

＝ 0.28 N/mm2

＜ 0.51 N/mm2

OK
3.7 Crack Width Calculation
Steel ratio provided ＝ ρ ＝ (As)Prov. / bd

0.02

＝ αe ＝ Es / (Ec/2)

＝ 14.29

＝ 0.30

αe*ρ ＝ 0.30

x/d ＝ αe*ρ{[(1+ (2 /αe*ρ）]0.5- 1}

＝ 0.77

Depth of neutral axis ＝ x ＝ 60 mm

Lever arm ＝ Z ＝ d - X/3

＝ 280 mm

Concrete compressive stress ＝ fcb ＝ 2Ms / Z b x

＝ 2.55

Tensile stress on steel ＝ fs ＝ Ms / Z As

＝ 52.19 N/mm2

Check stress levels:-

Allowable comp. stress in concrete ＝ fcb' ＝ 0.45 fcu

＝ 15.75 N/mm2

＞ fcb

OK
Allowable tensile stress in steel ＝ fs' ＝ 0.8 fy

＝ 368 N/mm2

＞ fs

OK
Elastic strain at surface ＝ E1 ＝ [(D-x) * fs]/[(d-x) * Es]

＝ 0.0004

Stiffening effect of concrete (For bending only) ＝ [bt * (D - x) * (a' - x)]/3*Es *

As * (d -x)

＝ 0.0009

Em ＝ E1- Stiffening effect of concrete

＝ -0.0005

Acr ＝ [(Spacing/2)2+(c+ Dia./2)2]

0.5- Dia /2

＝ 113 mm
 Crack width ＝ [3 * Acr * Em]/1+2[(Acr-Cmin.) /
(D-x)]

＝ 0.03 mm

＜ 0.3 mm

OK
3.8 STABILITY CHECK
3.8.1 For Sliding

Horizontal force ＝ Hmax ＝ 11.94 kN

Horizontal force due to soilpressure ＝ Hsoil ＝ 11.35 kN

Total horizontal force ＝ Htotal ＝ 23.29 kN

Total vertical force ＝ Ptotal ＝ 105.84 kN

Frictional resistance ＝ μPtotal ＝ 40.22 kN

(Passive resistance of soil not considered conservatively)

Factor of safety against sliding ＝ 2.63

＞ 1.50

OK
3.8.2 For Overturning

Total moment at base (maximum) ＝ MB ＝ 58.24 kN.m

Total restoring moment at base ＝ MR=P.L/2 ＝ 105.84 kN.m

Factor of safety against overturning ＝ 1.82

＞ 1.75

OK
3.9 PEDESTAL DESIGN
Column load

Width of column ＝ b ＝ 300 mm

Depth of column ＝ h ＝ 600 mm

Clear height ＝ H ＝ 0.6 m

Concrete & Reinforcement data

Characteristic strength of concrete ＝ fcu ＝ 35 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of reinforcing bar ＝ fy ＝ 460 N/mm2

Density of concrete ＝ Wc ＝ 25 kN/m³

Clear cover to links ＝ c ＝ 70 mm

Diameter of links ＝ 10 mm

Diameter of reinforcement ＝ 20 mm

Number of bars ＝ 8 Nos.

Check for slenderness

Effective height ＝ le ＝ β1H

Check about y - axis

Type of restraint about y-axis ＝ Unbraced (Braced orUnbraced)

End condition at top ＝ 2

End condition at bottom ＝ 3

β1 ＝ 1.65

Effective length ＝ lex ＝ 2.5 m

lex /b ＝ 8.33 ＜10

Hence short column OK

Check about x - axis

Type of restraint about x-axis ＝ Unbraced (Braced orUnbraced)

End condition at top ＝ 2

End condition at bottom ＝ 1

β1 ＝ 1.4

Effective length ＝ ley ＝ 1.7 m

ley /h ＝ 2.83 ＜10

Hence short column OK

CASE 1 - Design check by assuming minimum eccentricity

Axial capacity of the column ＝ N ＝ 0.35fcuAc + 0.67 fyAsc

＝ 3204.5 kN

＞ Design axial load

OK
CASE 2 -Max axial load + Bending

Ultimate Forces

Design axial load ＝ Pu ＝ 30 kN

Ultimate moment about - x Mx1 ＝ 48 kN.m

Ultimate moment about - y My1 ＝ 13.5 kN.m

Design check for biaxial bending

The ratio ＝ Mx/h' ＝ 80

The ratio My/b' ＝ 45

The ratio N / bhfcu ＝ 0.005

β ＝ 1

Design equivalent uniaxial moment ＝ Mx' ＝ Mx + beta(h'/b')My

＝ 58 kN.m

Design width of section ＝ b ＝ 300 mm

Design depth of section ＝ h ＝ 600 mm

Effective depth ＝ d ＝ 300 mm

The ratio ＝ d/h ＝ 0.5

The ratio ＝ N/bh ＝ 0.178

The ratio ＝ M/bh² ＝ 0.044

Referring to BS 8110, Part 3 - chart No.

The ratio ＝ 100As / bh ＝ 1.000%

Reinforcement required ＝ As ＝ 1800 mm²