WTE255

PARTICLEBOARD

NOORSHASHILLAWATI AZURA
MOHAMMAD
 PARTICLEBOARD
• History
• Introduction
• Raw Material
• Manufacturing process
• Types of particleboard
• Properties and uses
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Factory that produced particleboard
• Summary and conclusion
•Definition:

Panel product made by

compressing small
particles of wood while
simultaneously bonding
them with an adhesive /
resin.
•Made in 3 layers:
-Faces – fine wood particles
-Core – coarser material

-Improves utilization of
the material and the
smooth surface presents
better surface.
- “Particleboard” includes a number of different
panel types sometimes referred to variously as
“chipboard,” “flakeboard,” “strandboard,” or
“waferboard,” depending on size and shape of
the wood particles used.
- Particleboards are generally made from low-
density wood (350-500 kg /m3)
- Particle Board comes in a variety of
thicknesses but the most common
thicknesses stocked would be ½, 5/8, 3/4,
and 1“
- 4' x 8' is the most common size
 HISTORY
• Was invented during the 2nd World
War by end of the 1940s
• Produced at a factory in Bremen,
Germany
• As an alternative to natural wood
• Used waste material
RAW MATERIAL

•Particles

•Adhesive / resin
TYPES OF PARTICLES
• Shaving
• Flake
• Chip
• Sawdust
• Sliver
• Wood wool (excelsior)
• Strand
• Wafer
 Flakes

• Small wood particles of predetermined

dimension, produced in specialized
equipment. Uniform in thickness, with fiber
orientation parallel to the faces.
• Resemble small pieces of thin veneer.
• Flakes are particles capable of producing the
strongest, stiffest and most linearly stable
boards.(better pliability properties)
 Wafer
A particle similar to a flake but larger. It
is wider than a strand and nearly square.
Usually over 0.5 mm (0.020 in) thick and
over 25 mm (1 in) long. It may have
tapered ends
 Shavings
• Small wood particles of
indefinite dimensions.
Produced when planning or
jointing wood. Variable in
thickness & often curled.
• Inferior in strength,
stiffness and linear
dimensional stability
compared to boards made
from flakes.
 Chips
• Solid chunks severed
from solid blocks of wood
by machines that
generate axe-like cuts.
• Measures about 0.5-1inch
in length and width.
• Normally reprocessed
into smaller particles
before use.
 Slivers
• Nearly square cross
section, with length at
least 4 times the
thickness.(a small, narrow,
sharp piece cut or split off
a larger piece.)
• Pictures as broken
matchsticks.
• When used alone, they will
not generate high quality
board as rough surfaces
produced.
• Normally used as core
 Strands
• Relatively long and narrow flake, wafer
or veneer strip (0.4 to 0.8mm)
consisting of flat, long bundles of fibers
with parallel surfaces.
• Fallen out of favor due to :
i) extra long lengths
ii) high cost of production
 Excelsior
• Also known as wood wool
• Long, curly particles of slender slivers.
• Oil palm trunk fibers bundle grouped
under this category.
 TYPE OF ADHESIVE / RESIN
Urea formaldehyde (UF)
 )most common and cheapest, not
waterproof
Melamine formaldehyde (MF)
 a white, heat and water resistant resin
Phenol formaldehyde (PF)
 a yellow-brown adhesive used for exterior
exposure products
 CLASSIFICATION
• Manufacturing process : Flat pressed or extruded
• State of surface : pressed, sanded or planed, coated
or laminated
• Shape : flat, profiled surface or profiled edge
• Size and shape of particles : chip, wafer, strand
• Board structure : single layer board, multi layer
board, boards with graduated structure and extruded
boards with tubular holes
• Use : general purposes boards, construction, special
boards
 In Malaysia….
• Platen pressed
• Board densities 600-800 kgm3
• Thickness between 6 to 40 mm
• 4 different types according to
their layers: single layer
(homogenous board), 3-layer,
5-layer and graduated board
 logs

Wood waste
AIR FLOW FORMER
MECHANICAL FORMER
i ) Platen pressed particleboard
Ii ) Extruded particleboard
PLATEN PRESSED PARTICLEBOARD

 Platen pressed particleboard is the most common particleboard type

composite and is generally made with the following process.

• Raw wood materials are milled to a size appropriate to the application in

mind.
• The moisture content of the wood is reduced
• The wood is placed in a blender and resin and wax
• The mixed resin/wood material is moved to forming station where it is
laid out into mats.
• The mat is partially made into the final thickness in a prepress.
• The mats are placed into one of a variety of presses.
• The press is hot and the mats are consolidated into a single board.
• Upon cooling the boards are trimmed and sanded to a standard 4X8-ft
size and sold.
PLATEN PRESSED
PARTICLEBOARD
SCHEMATIC OF THE PROCESS IN USED TO MANUFACTURE
PLATEN PRESSED PARTICLE BOARD
 EXTRUDED PARTICLEBOARD
DEFINITION ; particleboard made by the extrusion process and characterized by
particles being largely at right angles to the board surfaces .

Particleboard is produced via a continuous extrusion process in which the raw

material is blended with a resin.

These blended particles are brought directly to an aperture of an extrusion press and
then forced through a heated die.

The board is then run through a heating zone for approximately 40-60 seconds to
finish curing the resin.

This is done in a continuous process much like a system in the picture (refer to the
next slide)

The final properties of these extruded particleboards are different from those made
in a platen system.
EXTRUDED PARTICLEBOARD
 THE CHARACTERISTICS IN EXTRUDED
PARTICLEBOARD

Board strength and linear stability

The bending strength along the extrusion is

extremely low and panel exhibit large dimensional

Machineability and surface appearance of the

extruded board are not as desirable
 The advantages and disadvantages
of extruded particleboard

Advantages Disadvantages

Inferior surface Less desirable nature

Strength Lost markets

Dimensional stability
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXTRUDED
AND PLATEN BOARD

EXTRUDED BOARD PLATEN BOARD

Perpendicular to the Parallel of the surface

surface

Stiffness and bending Good bending strength

strength is less and stiffness
1. Appearance
2. Particle size and geometry
3. Strength properties
4. Durability
5. Density
6. Does not warp
7. Working properties is good-holds screws well
8. High abrasion resistant
1. Resin content – higher resin gives better strength
properties and better dimensional stability.
2. MC of particles – too high 5%, might produce blows
boards. Too much water not enough time evaporates
the water presence in the particles.
3. Species bulk density - too low bulk density will
increase the amount of particle used. Not used resin
creating starved joints leading too low strength
properties.
4. Board density – high density usually high strength
due to high compaction ratio and better bonding.
5. Wax addition – will increase the dimensional
stability of the board.
Cupboards, shutters & wardrobes.
Shelves
Table tops.
Cabinets
Household & office furniture.
Computer furniture.
Panels in panel doors.
Beaded doors.
Partitions
Walls
Animal house
SHELVES
CABINETS
TABLE TOPS
• CHEAPER
• DENSER
• MORE UNIFORM
• STRENGHT
• MORE ATTRACTIVE
• BETTER SURFACE
• READILY MADE FROM VARIETY
• POSITIVE IMPACT ON TIMBER RESOURCES
• STABILITY
• RARELY USED OUTDOORS OR PLACES
• LOWER QUALITY MATERIAL
• CANNOT BE SANDED BACK
• NOT STRONG AS FIBERBOARD
• WEAKEST
PARTICLEBOARD IS ONE TYPE TO
REDUCE THE WASTE OF SOLID
WOOD.THIS IS BECAUSE
PARTICLEBOARD IS EASIER TO
GET AND THE STOCK CAN
COMBINE OF VARIOUS TYPE OF
WOOD