WMS For Pile Load Test - Draft

Larsen & Toubro Limited, Construction
Transportation Infrastructure IC
Roads, Runways and Elevated Corridors
“ K-RIDE, CORRIDOR-2 PROJECT”
Work Method
Title
Construction work method statement for Pile Load Test
Work
procedure No.
RREC/KRIDE/WP/010 REV : R0
NAME OF WORK: “DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED VIADUCT OF LENGTH 8.027 Km

(CH: -0.675 Km to -0.050 Km & CH: 11.137 Km to 18.350 Km) INCLUDING RAMPS AND
FORMATION IN EMBANKMENTS /CUTTINGS INCLUDING BLANKETING, MAJOR BRIDGES,
MINOR BRIDGES, RUB, ROB, ROR, RETAINING WALL, SACRIFICIAL RETAINING WALL AND
DRAINS, UTILITY DIVERSIONS OF AT-GRADE SECTION OF LENGTH 17.551 Km (CH: -0.964 Km to
CH:-0.675 Km, CH: -0.050 Km to CH: 11.137 Km & CH: 18.350 Km to 24.425 Km) AND OTHER
RELATED INFRASTRUCTURAL WORKS FROM BENNIGANAHALLI TO CHIKKABANAVARA,
EXCLUDING STATION BUILDINGS, OF CORRIDOR - 2 OF BENGALURU SUBURBAN RAILWAY
PROJECT (BSRP)”
CONSTRUCTION WORK METHOD STATEMENT

FOR
PILE LOAD TESTS
|1 | P a g e RREC/KRIDE/WP/004 R0
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

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REVISION RECORD SHEET
Rev.
Date Description of Change
No.
02/11/202
R0 New preparation
3
Prepared by Reviewed and Approved by
QMS Co-Ordinator (Project) Project In charge
Name:
Date:
Signature:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION:
The Bangalore suburban rail project is the first Suburban network planned to be
constructed in Karnataka. The BSRP corridor 2 Project line connects Benniganahalli to
Chikkabanavara, Elevated Viaduct of length 8.027Km (CH: -0.675 Km to -0.050 Km & CH:
11.137 km to 18.350 Km) including ramps and formation in Embankments /Cuttings
including Blanketing, Major Bridges, Minor Bridges, RUB, ROB, ROR, Retaining Wall,
Sacrificial Retaining Wall and Drains, Utility Diversions of At-Grade section of length
17.551 Km (CH: -0.964 Km to Ch: -0.675 Km, CH: -0.050 Km to CH: 11.137 Km & CH:
18.350 Km to 24.425 Km)
Corridor 2 Package of BSRP project is awarded to L&T Construction it starts from Ch. -
0.964 km at Vadodara to Ch. 24.425 km. The alignment of the BSRP Corridor 2 package is
shown in the below figures.

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Fig.2 BSRP Corridor-2 Alignment plan
2. SCOPE
The scope of this method statement includes the detailed procedure for conducting the
different types of pile load tests, testing frequency and EHS Risk Assessment.
3. REFERENCES
a. Clause No. 8.7 of Section 8B, Technical Specifications of Employer’s Requirement.
b. IS 2911 (Part 4)
4. ACTIVITY STEP WISE.

 Geotechnical Investigation & Analysis of results
 Type of pile load test to be done shall be decided
 Details of equipment to be used shall be decided
 Preparation of test setup, pile testing scheme along with detailed design, drawings
 Mobilization of all necessary equipment, machinery etc. at site
 Test Bore and Installation of test piles (for initial load test)
 Pile load test to be done as per section 97 of this WMS, based on the type of test
selected
 Preparation & Submission of Test Results
 Analysis of Test Results
Pile approved (if results are found in order), Remedial/Corrective Actions to be taken (if test
resultstest results are unsatisfactory)
5. Activity Organisation
Section in-charge
Piling-charge QA&QC Engineer EHS Engineer P&M Engineer
Site – Engineer Surveyor Approved testing Agency


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6. Staff Responsibilities:
6.1 Section-In-Charge:
• Reports to Project Manager
• Plan’s resources in his area and make them available at site
• Responsible for monitoring the implementation of adopted safe practices, quality assurance
processes and quality control measures.
• Responsible to achieve work productivity by proper planning of finalising testing locations.
• Responsible for time cycle & achievement for the day for activities
• Responsible to have latest revisions of approved drawings at site
• Responsible to submit, take approval and implement work procedures
• Initiates and applies all safety norms and work practices
• Interacts with Customer for approvals.
• Corresponds with Customer complaints in time, quality, safety and cost of Construction
within 07 (seven) days or their receipt
• Suggest and implement, improvements to product quality
6.2 PILING In-charge:
 Reports to the Section In-charge, Project Manager for day to day activities.
Site Engineer
 Plans the test movement sequence according to the week programme.
 Involves in preparation of plan of test along with Approved testing agency and with
Client’s representative.
 Interfacing with internal departments like Planning, Quality, Plant & Machinery,
Safety and Stores for operation of activities.
 Ensures to implement safety and Quality requirements.
 Responsible for resources.
 Prepares his work schedule based on Project schedule.
 Monitors to achieve the set program.
6.3 Site Engineers:

 Reports to Piling In-charge
 Responsible for executing the work by adopting safe practices, housekeeping, quality
assurance processes and achieve required degree of quality control.
 Responsible for arranging and attending all internal and Customer’s inspections against
RFIs.
 Executes the shift related activities
 Follow latest approved drawings
 Responsible to cross check the pile location
 Imparts in Safety and Quality Pep talks.

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 Interacts with Approved agency for testing, Surveyor, QA/QC team and EHS team for
better implementation of activities in his/her area of work
6.4 Surveyor:
 Report to Shift-In-Charge
 Responsible for executing the work by adopting safe practices, housekeeping, quality
assurance processes and achieve required degree of quality control in surveying.
 Ensures only calibrated survey instruments are used in construction
 Responsible for marking levels and fixing coordinates of the structure
 Responsible for marking of centreline lines of piles, pile-caps and piers.
6.5 QA/QC Engineer:

 Reports to QA/QC-In-Charge
 Coordinate/Supervise with Site team.
 Co-ordinate with the testing agency for tests conforming to specified frequency
 Identify and raises non-conformances, in case of works/activities not meeting the
specification requirements
6.6 P&M Engineer:

 Reports to P&M-In-Charge
 Responsible for plant operation, availing the required fuel, oils and mechanical for smooth
running of plant.
 Attends incidental breakdowns immediately
 Ensures lock-out and tag-out system while attending breakdown and/or maintenance
 Suggest and implement, improvements to product quality
6.7 EHS Engineer:

 Reports to EHS-In-Charge
 Involves in regular pep-talks and periodical demonstrations of safety practices at plant area
as well as site
 Helps to provide necessary safety materials at the work location as per requirements
 Implement EHS system at plant & site
 Coordinate and arrange flagmen at entry-exits of construction vehicles
 Ensures the site is illuminated sufficiently, in case of night work is carried out
 Identified/supervise safety lapses before the start of work and ensure the same are
corrected
 Coordinate with site administration, first-aid, Doctor and hospitals during emergency
7. Man Power

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Sl.No Description Nos Per shift

1 Section in-charge 1
2 Piling in-charge 1
3 Site Engineer 1
4 Supervisor 1
5 Surveyor 1
6 Survey helpers 1
7 EHS Engineer 1
8 Safety steward 1
9 P&M Engineer 1
15 P&M Helpers 2
16 QA&QC Engineer 1
19 Helpers – site activity 4
20 Traffic marshal / flag men 2
8. Plant, Equipment, Tools and Tackles
Sl.
Description Capacity/Purpose
No.
Circular Steel Plate (>50mm
1 To protect pile cap from being crushed
thickness)
2 Datum Bars with dial gauges For settlement measurement
3 Kentledge (As per design req.) To apply required load
4 Anchor piles/rock anchors To obtain reaction load
5 Stopwatch For measuring time interval
Impact Hammer (as per design
6 For applying impact energy
requirement)
7 Hydraulic Jacks and pumps As required
8 Measurement device with sensors To accurately form signals up to 10 kHz
Mild steel Access Ducts (50mm,
9 To provide access for probes
150mm dia.)

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Refer Section 7.9.1 of this WMS for equipment required in Cross-Hole Sonic
10
Logging Test
Refer Section 7.9.2 of this WMS for equipment required in Low Strain Pile
11
Integrity Test
9. Procedure (Test on Piles).

9.1 Load Test on Piles
 The hydraulic jack, pump, hoses, pipes, couplings and other apparatus to be operated
under hydraulic pressure shall be capable of withstanding a test pressure of one and a
half times the maximum working pressure without leaking.
 The weight of kentledge shall be greater than the maximum test load and if the
weight is estimated from the density and volume of the constituent materials, an
adequate factor of safety shall be considered.
 All the equipment and instruments shall be properly calibrated both at the
commencement and immediately after completion of tests, so that they represent true
values.
 The complete jacking system including the hydraulic jack, hydraulic pump and
pressure gauge shall be calibrated as a single unit over its complete range of travel
for increasing and decreasing loads same as that of test loads. The calibration
certificate shall be submitted to the Engineer.
 The reaction load for the test shall be at least 25% greater than the maximum jacking
force. The reaction system shall be designed for the total reaction load.
 The vertical displacement of pile shall be measured using dial gauges having a least
count of 0.01 mm.
 Load Test shall be conducted at the pile Cut-off-Level (COL). If the water table is
above the COL, the test pit shall be kept dry throughout the test period by
dewatering in an apt manner. In such cases, anchor piles and rock anchors may be
used for testing purposes. The COL might also be raised above the water table, if
permitted by the Engineer.

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9.2 Test Pile Installation

Test Pile Shall be installed as per Method Statement for Bored Cast in-situ Pile Construction.
9.3 Types of Tests

1. Initial vertical (compression) load test: The test shall be carried out on test piles to
assess the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Pile before the commencement of the
installation of working piles. The test piles shall have the same design details as of
the working piles and be adopted in the predominant soil profile in that area. The test
shall be performed as per cyclic method as per IS2911-2013 (Part 4)
2. Routine vertical (compression) load test: The test shall be conducted to verify the
load carrying capacity of the working piles. The test can be conducted as per static or
dynamic method as per the codal guidelines.
3. Horizontal load test / Lateral Load Test: The test shall be conducted to verify the
horizontal load carrying capacity of the working/test piles.
4. Pile Integrity Test by Cross Hole Sonic Logging: The test shall be carried out on
25% of total piles.
5. Pile Integrity test by Low strain pile integrity test: Low Strain Pile Integrity Test (see
Section 7.9 of this WMS) to verify the structural integrity, shape and continuity of
pile.
6. Sonic Coring: In case of piles founded on rock, Sonic coring shall be conducted prior
to initial vertical (compression) load test to ascertain the soundness of the
concrete/rock interface. Core drilling of 50 mm diameter shall be carried below the
concrete/rock interface, in the 100 mm sonic tube fixed in the pile.
Each core taken from a pile shall be examined as follows –
(i) The concrete cores shall not show any evidence of honeycombing or segregation
of individual constituent materials.
(ii) Rock core shall conform with the required rock material specified in the
geotechnical report.
(iii) The cores shall be examined to confirm the adequacy of the interface between
concrete and rock.

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9.4 Frequency of Tests

 At every one KM initial load tests both vertical and horizontal is to be performed for
initial tests pile, or as specified and directed by engineer to follow IS 2911 (Part 4):
2013. “Testing of piles should be as per IS 2911 (Part 4): 2013
 Routine load test shall be carried out at 0.5% of the total number of piles as directed
by Engineer or One test at every 100 pile.
9.5 Testing-Piles
 The testing-piles for routine load test shall be identified by the engineer,
 Testing-pile head shall be prepared for testing purposes only one week after casting
the pile
 Testing pile shall be cut off at the proper level to get the sound concrete uniformly
and provided with a proper cap with the higher grade of concrete, to provide a plane
bearing surface for the test plate and for proper arrangements for seating of the jack
and dial gauges.
 If any initial pile load test gets abandoned and is not successfully completed, then
another test pile shall be installed and initial test repeated after making corrections.

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9.6 Static Vertical Load Test

 The tests shall conform to IS: 2911-Part-4 and it shall be conducted by Cyclic
Method as per Annex A, clause.no 7.3..
 Equipment and Test Setup –
(1) A steel plate of adequate thickness shall be centered on the pile cap to prevent
it from getting crushed under applied load. The size of the circular test plate
shall not be less than the pile size nor less than the area covered by the base of
the hydraulic jack(s).
(2) The datum bars shall be supported on immovable supports of concrete
pedestals or steel sections, placed sufficiently far away from the test pile. The
distance shall not be less than 3 times the diameter of testing-pile and in no
case less than 2 meters from the edge of the testing- pile. These supports shall
be placed at an adequate depth below ground to be unaffected by ground
movements.
• Loading System – The test load shall be applied in one of the following ways,
(1) By means of hydraulic jack(s) which obtain reaction from kentledge heavier than
the required test load. Care shall be taken to ensure that the center of gravity of
kentledge is on the axis of the pile. The load applied by the jack(s) should also be
coaxial with the pile. The nearest edge of crib supporting the kentledge stack shall
be at a distance of at least 3 times the testing-pile shaft diameter from the center of
the testing-pile and in no case less than 1.5 meters to the edge of the testing-pile.
(2) By means of hydraulic jack(s) which obtain reaction from anchor piles and/or
suitable loading frame. While using this method all anchor piles shall be at a
center-to-center distance of 3 times the testing-pile shaft diameter from the testing-
pile and in no case less than 2 meters. It must be ensured that the datum bar
supports are not affected by heaving up of soil.

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(3) By means of hydraulic jack(s) which obtain reaction from suitable rock anchors.
When this method is adopted, the anchor transferring the load to the ground shall
not be closer than 3 times the pile-shaft diameter from the center of the testing pile
and in no case less than 1.5 m from the edge of the testing-pile.
Photograph – 1
Photograph – 2

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9.6.1 Kentledge Test Procedure –
Load test shall be carried out by loading the pile as per cyclic methoddirect
loading method by applying a series of vertical downward incremental load in
5 cycles. Each increment shall be about 20% of the rated capacity of the pile.
The first loading shall be 20% and then unloading to be done, each loading to
be maintained as per (9.6.1.d) and unloading to be maintained for 15min and
elastic rebound to be measured before next increment cycle.
The total test load is 2.5 times the estimated safe load carrying capacity of the
pile for initial vertical test load and 1.5 times for routine vertical test and shall
be carried out by applying a series of vertical downward incremental load.
The step-by-step procedure for load application and measurement of deflection
is given below:
a) The initial dial gauge readings shall be noted down.

b) First load increment i.e. 20% of the rated capacity of pile shall be
applied.
c) Dial gauge readings shall be recorded immediately after application of
load and at an interval of 15 and 30 minutes and thereafter at half-hourly
intervals until application of next load increment.
d) Each stage of loading shall be maintained till the rate of settlement of the
pile top is not more than 0.2mm per hour or until 2 hours have elapsed
and after unloading the next increment to be given after 15min interval.,
whichever is earlier.
e) The rate of movement of pile shall not be permitted to be extrapolated
from period of test less than one hour.

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f) The load shall be increased by 20% of rated pile load capacity and dial
gauge readings shall be recorded for each increment.
g) Loading on piles shall be continued till one of the following takes place:
1. In case of Iinitial load test, applied load reaches 2.5 times the safe
vertical load carrying capacity or maximum settlement of pile
exceeds a value of l.0% of pile diameter. (Kindly include the criteria
of IS 2911 – 2013 (Part 4) given in cl.no 7.1.5
2. In case of routine load test, applied load reaches one and half times
the safe vertical load carrying capacity or the maximum settlement of
test loading in position attains 182mm.
h) Where yielding of soil / rock does not occur, full test load shall be
maintained on the pile head for a minimum period of 24 hours, after the
last increment of load has been applied. Settlement values shall be
recorded at every 6 hours interval during this period.
i) Unloading shall be carried out as per cyclic method in the same steps as
loading. A minimum period of 30 minutes shall be allowed to elapse
between two successive stages of load decrement.
j) Final rebound shall be recorded 6 hours after the entire test load has been
removed.
k) Load and settlement shall be calculated and tabulated.
l) Following curves shall be drawn and recorded:
 Load vs Settlement
 Time vs Settlement [for each increment of load)
Interpretation of results:
The safe vertical load carrying capacity of single pile from the initial and routine vertical
load tests shall be as follows, Kindly include the criteria of IS 2911 – 2013 (Part 4) for
Initial and Routine load tests

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Two thirds of final load, at which total settlement attains a value of 182mm.

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9.6.2 Dynamic Vertical Load Test

The purpose of the test is to obtain general information of the vertical ultimate bearing
capacity of a single pile under impact loading.
(1) Equipment & Test Setup –
a) The impact device consists of a hammer for imparting impact force to the pile
head of the test pile and a pile driver for operating it.
b) The planned maximum impact energy shall be given to the pile body with
adequate displacement to exert ground resistance which satisfies the purpose of
the test.
c) Since the energy transferred to the pile may be smaller than expected due to
characteristics of the driving device and the use of the pile, the driving device shall
be capable of giving greater impact energy than planned maximum energy.
(2) The driving device shall align the axis with the test pile so that locally excessive stress
will not occur and the pile head will not be damaged
a) Good quality products shall be used for cushion for protecting the head surface of
the pile, so that excessive impact to the pile head does not cause easy buckling
and breakage of the pile body.
b) For capturing stress waves propagating at high speed, measurement devices that
can accurately form input signals up to 10 kHz shall be used.
(3) The sensor shall be installed at a position more than 1.5 times the pile diameter from
the pile head, taking into consideration the disturbance of the stress state of the pile
body just below the striking position. The sensor shall be installed at two axially
symmetrical positions, as it can check the influence of unbalanced driving and use the
average value to offset the influence.

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(4) Method of Loading and Measurements –
a. The planned maximum impact energy shall be large enough to produce a

sufficient pile displacement so that the soil resistance is mobilized for achieving
the test purpose
b. Driving shall be done multiple times to confirm the reproducibility and stability of
the supposed waveform.
c. In the re-driving tests, signals of the first driving shall be measured carefully, as
succeeding multiple drives may result in reduction of soil resistance.

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Items to be Measured –
(a) Axial strains along the pile.

(b) Accelerations along the pile.
(c) Displacements along the pile.
(d) Others, if required.
Measurement duration and sampling intervals –

a) Signal measurement for each driving shall be continued until the full stop of
the pile movement. Generally, the measurement duration will be 2 to 3 times
the time necessary for the wave to travel back and forth along the pile.
b) The sampling interval shall be less than 0.1 m.
Record of the Test Conditions – During the test, the following items shall be
recorded
(a) Number of blows
(b) Total nos. of tests
(c) Rebound and penetration per blow
(d) Others, if required.
Commencement, interruption and completion of test-

a) The test shall be commenced after ensuring the conditions surrounding the
site, preparations of all equipment and the suitability of the weather condition.
b) If any abnormal conditions are noticed during the test, the test shall be
interrupted promptly and shall only be resumed when the cause of the
abnormal condition has been detected and rectified.
c) The test shall be completed when the objectives of the test shall have been
achieved or when it is judged that abnormal conditions make it impossible to
continue the test.
5 ) Processing of test results – The following relationships shall be graphed based on the
collected data – (i) Axial force-time relationship (ii) Velocity-time relationship (iii) Others, if
required.

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(6) Analysis of test results – Based on the purpose of the test, the characteristics of the
vertical bearing capacity of the pile shall be evaluated by clearly separating the frictional
and end bearing capacities as per test results..
9.7 LATERAL PILE LOAD TEST:

Test Set-up:
 The lateral load shall be applied to the test pile by using hydraulic jack and a
reaction shall be taken from the adjacent compression pile.
 A 1l .2m bore shall be done adjacent to the test pile up to scour level for
allowing pile to deflect in other direction.
 A blocking beam of sufficient strength shall be used between the reaction

system and the hydraulic jack to transfer the applied lateral reaction without
distortion.
 The lateral load applied by hydraulic jack shall be measured by a calibrated

pressure gauge.
 The lateral displacement of the test pile shall be measured by dial gauges or
LVDTs (Linear Variable Differential Transducers) having at least l 00mm of
travel. The read out unit shall have a minimum display of 3 ½ digits, capable of
monitoring output at least l O DC/PC type LVDTs.
 After completion of the lateral pile load test 1l .2 dia bore shall be backfilled by
using crushed sand. At first we shall fill crushed sand up to 1l m depth and
water ponding will be done for proper consolidation of crushed sand. We
should fill the remaining position of the bore in a similar manner by filling
crushed sand and ponding with water.

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Load Testing:
 The pile shall be tested at the cut-off level. The test shall be conducted by
applying a series of loads on the test pile. The load shall be applied by means
of a hydraulic jack reacting against the reaction pile. For the pile to be tested
the surface on the sides shall be prepared smooth and flat to receive the load
from the jacks.
 The loading shall be applied in increments of 20% of the rated capacity of pile.
 The load shall be increased after the rate of displacement is nearer to 0.1mm
per 30 minutes.
 Lateral displacement readings shall be observed immediately before and after

application of loads, and immediately before and after release of loads.
 If the cut-off level is approachable, one dial gauge of 0.01mm sensitivity placed
diametrically opposite to the jack shall be used to directly measure the
displacement. In case the cut-off level is not approachable, 2 dial gauges
spaced at 30cm and kept horizontally one above the other on the test pile
shall be used and the displacement shall be interpolated at cut-off level from
similar triangles.
Following curves shall be drawn and recorded:
Load vs Displacement
Time vs Displacement [for each increment of load)
Interpretation of test data
The safe lateral load on the pile shall be taken as the least of the following:
o 50% of the final load at which the total displacement increases to 12 30 mm.
o Final load at which the total displacement corresponds to 5 12 mm.

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9.8 Pile Integrity Test on Working Piles

 Pile Integrity Test shall be carried out by Cross Hole Sonic Logging test as per
ASTM D 6760 on each pile founded on rock.
 25 % o0f piles shall be tested by Cross Hole Sonic Logging test and every pile
shall be tested by Low Strain Integrity Test as per ASTM D 5882, however all
piles shall have provision of tubes for sonic logging test.
 This test is meant to verify the structural integrity, shape and continuity of
pile.
9.8.1 Cross Hole Sonic Logging Testing
Scope-
The test measures the propagation time and relative energy of an ultrasonic pulse
between parallel access ducts installed in the deep foundation element (pile).
Principle of the Test Method-
 This test is based on the speed of travel of the P (Pressure) waves through the
pile concrete, when a soundwave of ultrasonic frequency (>20,000 Hz) is
generated.
 In good quality concrete the speed of the P-wave would typically range
between 3600 to 4400 m/s.
 By measuring the transit time of an ultrasonic P-wave signal between an

ultrasonic transmitter and receiver in two water filled access ducts cast into
the concrete during construction and spaced at a known distance apart,
defects such as soil inclusion, gravel, water, drilling mud, bentonite, voids,
contaminated concrete, or excessive segregation may be detected.
Apparatus-

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 Access ducts made of mild steel – dia. 50 mm and 150/100 mm (to provide
access for the probes), installed during pile installation.
 Weighted (plumb bob) measuring tape to act as a dummy probe to determine

the unobstructed lane of each access duct
 Magnetic Compass accurate to within 10 degrees to document the access duct

designations compared with the site layout plan.
 Probes (capable of sinking under their own weights in the access ducts) with a
probe housing waterproof to at least 1.5 times the maximum depth of testing
– to allow a generated or detected pulse within 125 mm of the bottom of the
access duct.
 There shall be a transmitter probe, a receiver probe, a probe centralizer, signal

transmission cables and probe depth measuring device.
 Computerized Apparatus for recording, processing, and displaying data in the

form of an ultrasonic profile.
 Recording Apparatus to store raw digitized ultrasonic pulses and the processed
data from each ultrasonic profile for each pair of access ducts.
 Digital Computer or Microprocessor capable of analyzing all data to identify at

least the first arrival and energy of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse at the
receiver probe for each depth interval.
 Apparatus for Display of Measured Data capable of displaying the raw receiver
ultrasonic pulses to confirm data quality during acquisition.

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Photograph – 4
Access Ducts-
 The access ducts shall be installed during construction of the pile foundation
to be tested.
 The tubes shall have an internal diameter of 50 mm, except for one tube in
each pile, where it shall be of internal diameter 100 mm minimum to allow for
coring of the concrete at the base of the pile.
 The access tubes shall be straight and free from internal obstructions. The
exterior tube surface shall be free from contamination.
 The access tubes shall be close ended at the bottom and fitted with removable
end caps at the top to prevent entry of concrete or foreign objects which could
block the tubes prior to testing operation.
 If extension of access tubes is necessary due to long tube lengths, access tube
couplings shall be used which prevent slurry or grout ingress during

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construction. For coupling - plastic tubes, threaded or glued plastic couplings

shall be used.
Access Tube Installation-
 All piles shall be provided with sonic logging tube cast in to it. The tubes shall
be manufactured from mild steel and shall extend 0.5 m above the pile head
and 0.5m above the pile toe.
 The access tubes shall have a minimum concrete cover of one tube diameter.
 Access tubes shall be secured to the inside of the main axial reinforcement of
the steel cage at frequent and regular intervals along their length to maintain
the tube alignment during cage lifting, lowering and subsequent pile
concreting.
 The access tubes shall be installed parallel to each other to the maximum
extent possible.
 After installation of the reinforcement cage into the pile, the top end caps
shall be temporarily removed, and the tubes shall be inspected to verify that
they are clear of obstructions.
 The access tubes shall be filled to the top with clean water prior to, or within
one hour of, concrete placement to ensure good bonding of the concrete to
the tube, once the concrete cools.
Test Procedure-
 The test equipment shall be properly maintained and calibrated and checked
for proper functioning.
 The test shall be performed no sooner 7 days after casting, depending on the
concrete strength and the shaft diameter.

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
 The tests shall be repeated for each pair of tubes, i.e. three runs for a pile
with three tubes and six runs for a pile with four tubes.
 The access ducts shall be exposed, and the protective top caps removed.
 The access ducts shall be filled to the top with clean water.
 To get a good acoustic coupling between the probes and the water in the
access ducts, the probes shall be clean and free from all contaminants.
 A systematic reference label shall be assigned to each access duct and a
reference sketch of the access duct layout shall be prepared.
 The access ducts being tested shall be documented and the probe cable
pulley guides shall be placed into the access ducts.
 The transmitter and receiver probes shall be inserted into the access ducts
such that the cables are engaged over the respective cable pulley guides
fixed at the access duct tops.
 If the access duct tops are not level, the probes are to be held at the level of
the lower access duct top.
 The depth measuring device shall be zeroed, if required by the recording
apparatus.
 The probes shall be carefully lowered to the bottom of the access ducts,
always keeping them at approximately the same level, until one probe
reaches the bottom of the duct or encounters an obstruction. The depth
location shall be set to the bottom of the tubes, if necessary.
 The probes shall be raised from the tube bottom to a portion of the pile with
good quality concrete.
 The relative level of the probes shall be adjusted to ensure that the distance
between the probes is minimized, until the time of arrival of the first signal is
minimized.
 The cables must be secured temporarily at that level with the cables
remaining in equal tension.

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
 The apparatus shall be so adjusted so that an ultrasonic pulse with good

amplitude is consistently obtained in a portion of the pile of good quality.
The probes must be returned to the access duct bottoms.
 Recording of the ultrasonic pulses shall be commenced as the probes are
raised.
 Both the probes shall be lifted by steadily pulling the probe cables
simultaneously at a speed of ascent slow enough to capture one ultrasonic
pulse for each depth interval specified.
 If the ultrasonic pulse is not obtained for any depth interval, then the probes
shall be lowered past that depth and the test shall be repeated until all
depth intervals have an associated ultrasonic pulse.
 After Completion of the tests tubes shall be grouted with non shrinkage
compound in the cement slurry.
Analysis of Test Results-

 A report shall be prepared for each pile tested.
 The photographic record of the oscilloscope shall be analyzed in detail.
 Any deviation in results from what would be in adherence to the results
excepted from a pile constructed with sound concrete and without defect shall be
recorded.
 The report shall indicate the nature, location and severity of the defect and
recommendations shall be made for further testing.
 The implication of the existence of the defect on the performance of the pile shall be
evaluated.
Submission of Test Results-

 Immediately after testing a signed copy of all the raw data of a pile shall be given to
the Engineer.
 A test report shall be submitted to the Engineer within 3 days after testing.
Note: Pile cap will be casted after approval of report by Engineer.

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
Sonic Coring –
 For piles founded in rock, proof coring shall be done for all the piles as per
Section 9.3 of this Work Method Statement.
 At least 7 days after the pile has been cast, but before carrying out any sonic
logging test, a core of concrete and rock from the founding materials shall be
taken.
 The core shall be taken from the base of the 100 mm diameter sonic logging
tube using a triple tube core barrel and shall have a minimum diameter of 50
mm.
 The scanning of the pile toe for its integrity by measuring the propagation time
of transmitted waves between the vertical tubes and the pile toe/founding
strata shall also be carried out.
Acceptance Criteria:
Pile classification FAT increase relative to Energy reduction Relative

good Concrete to good Concrete
Satisfactory/Good 0-10% <6Db
Minor Defect 11-20% <9Db
Poor/Flaw 21-30% 9Db to 12Db
Poor/Defect >31% >12 Db
Anomalous Sonic Logging Test Results-

The piles with anomalous sonic logging results shall be rejected at the Engineer discretion unless
the Contractor is able to demonstrate that the pile integrity is acceptable through proof coring
results. In case of piles founded on rock, if the results of sonic logging test and/or proof coring
(and/or pile load test) confirm or indicate the existence of void, sludge or the like between the

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
pile toe and rock, the Engineer shall reject such piles or pile group, or alternatively, as per
geotechnical expert’s advice, shall require the Contractor to clean and grout between the pile toe
and rock. The Engineer’s decision shall be final and binding on the Contractor without any extra
payment.
Grouting of pile after testing-

 Upon completion of sonic logging test, the access tubes and sonic coring holes,
if any, shall be grouted using an approved grout mix or approved concrete mix.
2 Low Strain Integrity Test

Scope-
 This test method is used for determining the integrity of individual vertical or
inclined piles by measuring and analyzing the velocity (required) and force
(optional) response of the pile induced by an (handheld hammer or other similar
type) impact device applied axially to the pile normally at the pile head.
 Pulse Echo Method (PEM) shall be used wherein the pile head motion is measured
as a function of time and the time domain record is then evaluated for pile integrity.
Apparatus-
 Handheld Hammer (with a very hard plastic tip) – shall produce an input force pulse
of generally less than 1 mt.s duration and not cause any local pile damage owing to
the impact.
 Accelerometers (linear to at least 50 g) – for velocity measurement. The
accelerometers should be placed at (or near) the pile head and shall have their
sensitive axis parallel with the pile axis. If A/C devices are used, the time constant
shall be greater than 0.5 s and the resonant frequency shall be at least 30 000 Hz. If
D/C devices are used, they shall have frequency response up to 5 000 Hz with less
than −3 dB reduction of content.
 Velocity or Displacement Transducers (accuracy of 5% throughout the applicable
measurement range) – As an alternative to accelerometers. The motion sensor shall

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
be placed at or near the pile head using a suitable, or temporary, bonding material
such as wax or Vaseline to ensure that it correctly measures the axial pile motion
(transducer axis of sensitivity aligned with the pile axis). The motion sensor shall be
placed near the center of the pile. Additional locations shall be considered for piles
with diameters greater than 500 mm. The low strain impact shall be applied to the
pile head within a distance of 300 mm from the motion sensor. If the pile head is not
accessible, as when already integral with the structure, the sensor(s) may be
attached to the side of the pile shaft.
 Low noise shielded cable – for signal transmission from the sensors to the apparatus
for recording, reducing and displaying the data.
 Apparatus for Recording, Reducing and Displaying Data - The apparatus shall
include a graphic display of velocity and a data storage capability for retrieving
records for further analysis. The apparatus shall be capable of averaging data of
several blows to reinforce the repetitive information from soil and pile effects while
reducing random noise effects. The apparatus shall be able to apply increasing
intensity amplification of the motion signal with time after the impact to enhance the
interpretation of the measured motions that are reduced by soil and pile material
damping. The apparatus shall have filtering capability with variable frequency limits
for eliminating high frequency, or low frequency signal components, or both. The
apparatus shall be capable of transferring all data to a permanent storage medium.
The apparatus shall allow for a permanent graphical output of the records.

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
Photograph - 5
Photograph – 6
Procedure-
 Integrity testing is to be carried out no sooner than 7 days after casting or after
concrete strength has achieved at least 75 % of its design strength, whichever occurs
earlier.

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
 The pile head surface shall be accessible, above water, and clean of loose
concrete, soil or other foreign materials resulting from construction.
 A smooth surface shall be prepared for motion sensor attachment and impact.
 The motion sensor shall be firmly attached with appropriate material at selected
locations away from the edge of the pile head.
 For piles with diameters larger than 500 mm, the accelerometers shall be attached at
a minimum of three locations so that an integrity evaluation near the pile head may
be made for each localized section of pile.
 The apparatus shall be positioned for applying the impact force so that the impact is
applied axially with the pile and at a distance no larger than 300 mm from the
accelerometer.
 Apparatus for recording, reducing, and displaying data shall be set up so that it is
operational, and the velocity signals are zeroed.
 The following information shall be recorded in the field notes –
(i) Pile identification, nominal and actual pile head diameter and length.
(ii) Date and method of concrete placement.
(iii) As-built geometry that is, total concrete volume, nominal or actual diameter
versus length, permanent or temporary casing, steel reinforcement, etc.
(iv) Soil stratigraphy.
(v) Any specific observation related to each pile tested that affects the pile
construction, excavation, integrity, etc.
(vi) Location of transducers at pile head and corresponding measurements.
(vii) Date of pile is tested.
 Several impacts shall be applied and each individual impact or the average, if
required, or both, shall be recorded.
 If only the individual impacts are recorded, the apparatus for recording, reducing,
and displaying data shall be capable of averaging up to 10 individual records.
 The number of impacts for a specific averaged record shall be recorded.

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
 A series of velocity measurements shall be taken, recorded and displayed.

 For confirmation of data quality, the velocity from several impact events shall be
monitored for consistency.
Evaluation of Results-
 Results of Low Strain Integrity tests shall be evaluated together with other
information, including pile installation procedures and observations, soil
information, loading requirements etc. to assess the pile’s acceptance.
 The report shall indicate the severity of defect and recommendations for further
tests, repair or replacement.
 A test report shall be submitted to the Engineer within 3 days after testing.
Note – The test setup, pile testing scheme along with detailed design, drawings shall be
submitted separately to the Engineer, before planning to carry out the tests.
10. Environmental & Safety Precautions
 All the safety norms and precautions shall be taken as per site safety plan
(HSE Plan) and clearance shall be taken before commencing.
 Flagman shall be provided at all entry and exit points of the heavy vehicles.
 Level staff shall be made of non-electricity conductive materials.
 If work is carried out at night, the working area shall be sufficiently provided with
lighting.
 Necessary safety signboards and precautionary boards, barricading (Type-III) shall
be placed near working locations.
 Safety stewards shall conduct daily checking to ensure the working areas are safe.
 Daily pep-talks shall be conducted to all workers at site to create awareness
and to follow safe working practices.
 It shall be ensured that when the hydraulic jack and load measuring device
are mounted on the pile head, the whole system will be stable up to the
maximum load applied.
 Necessary means shall be provided to enable dial gauges to be read from a

Work Method
Title
Work
procedure No.
position clear of the kentledge stack or test frame in conditions where failure
in any part of the system due to overloading, buckling, loss of hydraulic
pressure and so on might constitute a hazard to personnel.
 The maximum test load or test pressure expressed as a reading on the gauge
in use shall be displayed and all operators shall be made aware of this limit.
 Where kentledge is used, the foundations for kentledge and any cribwork,
beams or other supporting structures shall be constructed in such a manner
that there will be no differential settlement, bending or deflection of an
amount that constitutes a hazard to safety or impairs the efficiency of the
operation.
 All reaction loads shall be stable and balanced during all operations of testing.
During testing, stability of reaction system shall be ensured.
 All operations in connection with pile load test shall be carried out in a safe
manner to prevent exposure of the people to hazard and also ensure the safety
of manpower and material.
 The maximum test load or test pressure expressed as a reading on the gauge
in use shall be displayed and all operators shall be made aware of this limit.

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Larsen & Toubro Limited, Construction

NAME OF WORK: “DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED VIADUCT OF LENGTH 8.027 Km

CONSTRUCTION WORK METHOD STATEMENT

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

REVISION RECORD SHEET

Prepared by Reviewed and Approved by

QMS Co-Ordinator (Project) Project In charge

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Fig.2 BSRP Corridor-2 Alignment plan

4. ACTIVITY STEP WISE.

Piling-charge QA&QC Engineer EHS Engineer P&M Engineer

Site – Engineer Surveyor Approved testing Agency

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

6.2 PILING In-charge:

6.3 Site Engineers:

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

6.5 QA/QC Engineer:

6.6 P&M Engineer:

6.7 EHS Engineer:

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sl.No Description Nos Per shift

8. Plant, Equipment, Tools and Tackles

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9. Procedure (Test on Piles).

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.2 Test Pile Installation

9.3 Types of Tests

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.4 Frequency of Tests

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.6 Static Vertical Load Test

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.6.1 Kentledge Test Procedure –

a) The initial dial gauge readings shall be noted down.

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.6.2 Dynamic Vertical Load Test

(1) Equipment & Test Setup –

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

(4) Method of Loading and Measurements –

a. The planned maximum impact energy shall be large enough to produce a

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

(a) Axial strains along the pile.

Measurement duration and sampling intervals –

Commencement, interruption and completion of test-

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.7 LATERAL PILE LOAD TEST:

 A blocking beam of sufficient strength shall be used between the reaction

 The lateral load applied by hydraulic jack shall be measured by a calibrated

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 Lateral displacement readings shall be observed immediately before and after

Following curves shall be drawn and recorded:

Time vs Displacement [for each increment of load)

Interpretation of test data

o Final load at which the total displacement corresponds to 5 12 mm.

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

9.8 Pile Integrity Test on Working Piles

9.8.1 Cross Hole Sonic Logging Testing