GEOTECHNICAL NOTE

Job Mumbai Trans Harbour Link – Package II

Client Daewoo/Tata JV (CJV)
Document ref MTHL-PKG2-DS-TCN-A-00-027 Rev.1
Date 26/02/2019
Prepared By Oli Mills/Lucy Chadwick
Reviewed By Andy Rose/Mike Needham
Subject MODULE 4: MP162R-PILE 2 REDESIGN DUE TO LINER PENETRATION

1. INTRODUCTION

During installation, the permanent steel liner at MP162R was observed to have penetrated further
than expected. This Technical Note includes a review of the pile design, taking the recorded casing
level into consideration.

2. GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS

Ground Profile

During installation, the permanent steel liner at MP162R-Pile 2 was observed to have penetrated to a
level of -12.03 mCD; which equates to 1.33 metres into rock. A summary of the ground profile
based on exploratory hole Z1-516 is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 MP162R Ground Profile

Top Depth Top Level

Stratum TCR RQD
(mbsb*) (mCD)

Superficial Deposits (Marine

0.0 -2.6 n/a n/a
Clay and Granular Material)

Highly Weathered Basalt 8.1 -10.7 90% NIL

Slightly Weathered Basalt 9.0 -11.6 100% 68%

Fresh Basalt >10.5 -13.1 97% 91%

*Metres below sea bed

Original Pile Design

The pile toe depth of the original design as given in the Module 4 GDR Ref. MTHL-PKG2-DS-GEN-G-
04-001 Rev. 2 is 15.0 mbsb. The tensile load in the seismic case governs the pile length, with a
capacity of 7,756 kN resisting a load of 7,537 kN.

A capacity check had also been carried out to verify the original pile length was sufficient when
ignoring the 0.9 metres of Highly Weathered Basalt, to simulate the liner penetrating this stratum.

However, by further extending the base level of ignored capacity to -12.03 mCD, the pile design
lacks sufficient tensile capacity (6,858 kN) to resist the load.

Revised Pile Design

Based on the current liner penetration level of -12.03 mCD and refinement to the UCS of the Fresh
Basalt, the pile design for MP162R-Pile 2 has been revised (Annex 1) and also to ignore the frictional
capacity of the rock to a level of -12.53 mCD (Annex 2); which allows for a further 0.5 metre of liner
penetration. This results in the length of the pile increasing by 1.0 metre (toe depth 16.0 mbsb/
level 18.6 mCD). The design should be reviewed should the liner penetrate further than -12.53
mCD.
3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

The structural analysis and design is unaffected by the change in the length of the liner or the pile.

The design is based on models which use horizontal springs along the length of the pile and a vertical
support at the base only. The horizontal springs are unchanged by the presence of the liner.

A small change in the length of the pile will also have no effect on the structural design as this is
below the point of fixity for the piles.

Reinforcement at the toe of the pile should be extended by 1.0 metres to suit the new length. There
is no change to the reinforcement layout above the original toe level.

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The penetration of the MP162R-Pile 2 permanent steel liner 0.43 metres into better quality rock (TCR
= 100%, RQD = 68%) has resulted in a review of the pile design for this pile. A further 0.5 metres
of penetration (0.93 metres total) has been considered should the liner penetrate to -12.53 mCD,
resulting in an increase in frictionless length and therefore the need to increase the length of the pile
from 15.0 mbsb to 16.0 mbsb.

The structural analysis and design is unaffected by the change in liner length.

Should the liner penetrate further than a level of -12.53 mCD, then the design will need to be
reviewed.
Annex 1 – Revised Pile Design: Actual liner depth
PROJECT - MUMBAI TRANSPORT HARBOUR LINK RAMBOLL GROUND ENGINEERING DATE
BY
CLIENT - DAEWOO TATA JV CHECKED BY

LOCATION Module 4 RL -2.6 mCD

PIER MP162 R LEGEND
PILE DIAMETER 1.95 METRES mbsb = metres below sea bed
CR = (Total) Core Recovery
RQD = Rock Quality Designition
Cus = Ultimate shear strength along length of socket
Ksp = Co-efficient relating to core recovery
df (Depth factor) = 1+0.4(Length of Socket/Diameter of socket)
As = Shaft area
Method 2 Ab = Base area
From To Stratum density vert stressCR RQD (CR+RQD)/2
UCS shaft av
UCS base Average SPT N (cum.) = cumulative
qc = Average unconfined compressive strength of rock core below base of pile for the depth twice the diameter/least lateral dimension
(mbsb) (mbsb) (kN/m3) (kN/m2) (MPa) (MPa) of pile
0.0 8.0 Marine clay 15 120
Raf = Ultimate shaft resistance
8.0 8.1 Granular material 15 121.5
Re = Ultimate end bearing resistance
8.1 9.0 Highly Weathered 23 142.2 90% 0% 45% 14 30 Q allow = allowable capacity of pile
9.0 9.43 Slightly weathered Basalt 27 153.81 100% 68% 84% 30 30 Q seis/acc = allowable capacity of pile in seismic/accidental case
Qt = allowable capacity of pile in tension
9.43 10.5 Slightly weathered Basalt 27 182.7 100% 68% 84% 30 19 Qt acc = allowable capacity of pile in tension in seismic/accidental case
10.5 13.5 Fresh 26 260.7 99% 85% 92% 19 31
13.5 15.5 Fresh 26 312.7 100% 89% 99% 31 31

Method 1Method 2
From To Stratum Cus Cus Ksp df As Raf Raf (cum.) Ab Re Raf allow (cum.) Re allow Q allow Q seis/acc Qt Qt acc Overal FOS
(mbsb) (mbsb) (kPa) (kPa) (sqm) (kN) (kN) (sqm) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
0.0 8.0 Marine clay
8.0 8.1 Granular material
8.1 9.0 Highly Weathered
9.0 9.43 Slightly weathered Basalt - - - -
9.43 10.5 Slightly weathered Basalt 1232 1.0 1.2 4.7 5,813 5,813 2.99 67,703 969 14,932 15,901.26 19,877 1,117 1,503 4.9
10.5 13.5 Fresh 981 1.1 1.2 18.4 18,025 23,838 2.99 121,889 3,973 14,932 18,905.35 23,632 3,346 4,797 9.8
13.5 15.5 Fresh 1253 1.2 1.2 12.3 15,349 39,187 2.99 131,888 6,531 14,932 21,463.51 26,829 5,220 7,575 11.5
Equations
Design Loads Factors of Safety
𝐶𝑢𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 1 = 0.225 𝑞𝑐 = < 3.0𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑐𝑘/35
Normal Vertical load 14,919 kN Shaft 6 𝐶𝑢𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 2 = 1.652𝑁 1.3291 = < 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑐𝑘/35
Seismic vertical load 25,123 kN Base 3 𝑅𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 1 = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 × 𝑞𝑐 × 𝑑𝑓 × 𝐴𝑏⬚
Accidental vertical load kN
𝑅𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 2 = 𝐶𝑢𝑏 × 𝑁𝑐 × 𝐴𝑏⬚
Normal tension load kN 𝑅𝑎𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 2 = 𝐶𝑢𝑠 × 𝐴𝑠 ⬚
Seismic Tension load 7,537 kN
𝐶𝑢𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 1.5𝑀𝑃𝑎 as per Employers Requirements
Accidental tension load kN
𝑅𝑒
Re 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 3
𝑅𝑎𝑓
Raf 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 6
𝑅𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 5𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝑄𝐷 = > 60%, 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 3𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝑄𝐷 = < 60%
Moment Carrying Capacity of Socketing Piles 𝑄 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑅𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 + 𝑅𝑎𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤

Horizontal force at top of the socket (H) 1404 kN 𝑄 𝑠𝑒𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑥 1.25 (𝐼𝑅𝐶 78 − 2014 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 706.1.2)
Moment at the top of the socket (M) 10781 kN/m ⬚
𝑄𝑡 = 𝑅𝑎𝑓 (𝑐𝑢𝑚.) × 0.7 + (𝐴𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑥 14)
Diameter of pile (D) 1.95 m
𝑄𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅𝑎𝑓 (𝑐𝑢𝑚.) × 0.7 𝑥 1.5 + (𝐴𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑥 14) ⬚
UCS 16 MPa
Permissible compressive strength in rock (σ1) 2940 KPa 2𝐻 4𝐻2 6𝑀
𝐿𝑠 = + +
𝜎1𝐷 𝜎12𝐷2 𝜎1𝐷
Socket Length (Ls) 3.9 m
PROJECT - MUMBAI TRANSPORT HARBOUR LINK RAMBOLL GROUND ENGINEERING DATE
BY
CLIENT - DAEWOO TATA JV CHECKED BY

PIER MP162 R PIER MP162 R

Q vert seismic/acc Tension seismic/acc Seismic Tension load
Vertical Resistance Tension resistance Normal Vertical load Normal tension load Accidental tension load Seismic vertical load Accidental vertical load

Resistance, kN Resistance, kN
- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
0.0
0.0

1.0 1.0

2.0 2.0

3.0
3.0

4.0
4.0

5.0

5.0

6.0
Depth, m below bed level

6.0

Depth, m below bed level

7.0

7.0
8.0

8.0 9.0

9.0 10.0

11.0
10.0

12.0
11.0

13.0
12.0

14.0

13.0
15.0

14.0
16.0

15.0
17.0
PROJECT - MUMBAI TRANSPORT HARBOUR LINK RAMBOLL GROUND ENGINEERING DATE
BY
CLIENT - DAEWOO TATA JV CHECKED BY

Flemings Pile Displacement Prediction

Eq 20 Eq 21 Raf 39186.738 kN mm Ps Pb Pr
0.0007332 -0.00033972 Re 131887.94 kN 1 1,912 1,714 3,625
Load, kN 0.0032647 0.00256944 Diameter shaft 1.95 m 4 7,997 8,145 16,142
0.0057895 0.00547088 Diameter base 1.95 m 7 13,284 15,342 28,626
0.0095721 0.00981767 Ms coeffecient 0.001 12 19,841 27,486 47,328
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000
0.0 0.0123551 0.0130159 Emass 5342000 kN/m2 16 23,750 37,339 61,088
0.0145288 0.01551388 Lf 5.57 m 20 26,344 45,492 71,836
5.0 0.0162897 0.01753746 Lo 18.03 m 23 28,192 52,351 80,543
Load 0.021791 0.02385942 Ke 0.45 34 32,792 74,951 107,743
10.0 displacement 0.026553 0.02933178 Ec 3.40E+07 kN/m2 49 35,705 95,583 131,288
0.0287264 0.03182939 62 36,795 ###### 142,034
15.0 design sls load 0.0299741 0.03326319 73 37,365 ###### 148,203
Displacement, mm

20.0 Interpolation Equations

3625.1408 0.83318451
25.0 2
16141.968 3.76471212 Eq.20* = (4 x Pr x (Lo + Ke x Lf)) / (π x Ds x Ec)
30.0
2
Eq.21** = (4/π x Ds x Ec) x (Pr x L - Lf x Raf x (1 - Ke))
35.0
* Elastic shortening of pile as per Flemming's method
40.0 ** Elastic shortening of pile for greater load

45.0 LEGEND
Ms coefficient = coefficient which defines the slope of the initial shaft friction line
Emass = Youngs modulus of soil/rock below tip of pile
50.0
Lf = Pile length trasmitting load by shaft friction
Design SLS load 14919 kN Lo = Pile length in friction free zone
Ke = Coefficient applied to friction length to give column length
Estimated Pile settlement 3.48 mm Ec = Concrete strength modulus
L = Total length of pile
Ds = Pile diameter
Raf = Ultimate shaft resistance

Ps = Shaft load
Pb = Base Load
Pr = Total Load
Annex 2 – Revised Pile Design : Additional 0.5 metre penetration
PROJECT - MUMBAI TRANSPORT HARBOUR LINK RAMBOLL GROUND ENGINEERING DATE
BY
CLIENT - DAEWOO TATA JV CHECKED BY

LOCATION Module 4 RL -2.6 mCD

PIER MP162 R LEGEND
PILE DIAMETER 1.95 METRES mbsb = metres below sea bed
CR = (Total) Core Recovery
RQD = Rock Quality Designition
Cus = Ultimate shear strength along length of socket
Ksp = Co-efficient relating to core recovery
df (Depth factor) = 1+0.4(Length of Socket/Diameter of socket)
As = Shaft area
Method 2 Ab = Base area
From To Stratum density vert stress CR RQD (CR+RQD)/2
UCS shaft av
UCS base Average SPT N (cum.) = cumulative
qc = Average unconfined compressive strength of rock core below base of pile for the depth twice the diameter/least lateral dimension
(mbsb) (mbsb) (kN/m3) (kN/m2) (MPa) (MPa) of pile
0.0 8.0 Marine clay 15 120
Raf = Ultimate shaft resistance
8.0 8.1 Granular material 15 121.5
Re = Ultimate end bearing resistance
8.1 9.0 Highly Weathered 23 142.2 90% 0% 45% 14 30 Q allow = allowable capacity of pile
9.0 9.43 Slightly weathered Basalt 27 153.81 100% 68% 84% 30 30 Q seis/acc = allowable capacity of pile in seismic/accidental case
Qt = allowable capacity of pile in tension
9.43 10.5 Slightly weathered Basalt 27 182.7 100% 68% 84% 30 19 Qt acc = allowable capacity of pile in tension in seismic/accidental case
10.5 13.5 Fresh 26 260.7 99% 85% 92% 19 31
13.5 16.0 Fresh 26 325.7 100% 89% 99% 31 31

Method 1Method 2
From To Stratum Cus Cus Ksp df As Raf Raf (cum.) Ab Re Raf allow (cum.) Re allow Q allow Q seis/acc Qt Qt acc Overal FOS
(mbsb) (mbsb) (kPa) (kPa) (sqm) (kN) (kN) (sqm) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
0.0 8.0 Marine clay
8.0 8.1 Granular material
8.1 9.0 Highly Weathered
9.0 9.43 Slightly weathered Basalt - - - -
9.43 10.5 Slightly weathered Basalt 1232 1.0 1.2 4.7 5,813 5,813 2.99 67,703 969 14,932 15,901.26 19,877 1,117 1,503 4.9
10.5 13.5 Fresh 981 1.1 1.2 18.4 18,025 23,838 2.99 121,889 3,973 14,932 18,905.35 23,632 3,346 4,797 9.8
13.5 16.0 Fresh 1253 1.2 1.2 15.3 19,186 43,024 2.99 131,888 7,171 14,932 22,103.04 27,629 5,688 8,270 11.7
Equations
Design Loads Factors of Safety
𝐶𝑢𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 1 = 0.225 𝑞𝑐 = < 3.0𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑐𝑘/35
Normal Vertical load 14,919 kN Shaft 6 𝐶𝑢𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 2 = 1.652𝑁 1.3291 = < 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑐𝑘/35
Seismic vertical load 25,123 kN Base 3 𝑅𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 1 = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 × 𝑞𝑐 × 𝑑𝑓 × 𝐴𝑏⬚
Accidental vertical load kN
𝑅𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 2 = 𝐶𝑢𝑏 × 𝑁𝑐 × 𝐴𝑏⬚
Normal tension load kN 𝑅𝑎𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 2 = 𝐶𝑢𝑠 × 𝐴𝑠 ⬚
Seismic Tension load 7,537 kN
𝐶𝑢𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 1.5𝑀𝑃𝑎 as per Employers Requirements
Accidental tension load kN
𝑅𝑒
Re 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 3
𝑅𝑎𝑓
Raf 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 6
𝑅𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 5𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝑄𝐷 = > 60%, 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 3𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝑄𝐷 = < 60%
Moment Carrying Capacity of Socketing Piles 𝑄 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑅𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 + 𝑅𝑎𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤

Horizontal force at top of the socket (H) 1404 kN 𝑄 𝑠𝑒𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑥 1.25 (𝐼𝑅𝐶 78 − 2014 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 706.1.2)
Moment at the top of the socket (M) 10781 kN/m ⬚
𝑄𝑡 = 𝑅𝑎𝑓 (𝑐𝑢𝑚.) × 0.7 + (𝐴𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑥 14)
Diameter of pile (D) 1.95 m
𝑄𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑅𝑎𝑓 (𝑐𝑢𝑚.) × 0.7 𝑥 1.5 + (𝐴𝑏 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑥 14) ⬚
UCS 16 MPa
Permissible compressive strength in rock (σ1) 2940 KPa 2𝐻 4𝐻2 6𝑀
𝐿𝑠 = + +
𝜎1𝐷 𝜎12𝐷2 𝜎1𝐷
Socket Length (Ls) 3.9 m
PROJECT - MUMBAI TRANSPORT HARBOUR LINK RAMBOLL GROUND ENGINEERING DATE
BY
CLIENT - DAEWOO TATA JV CHECKED BY

PIER MP162 R PIER MP162 R

Q vert seismic/acc Tension seismic/acc Seismic Tension load
Vertical Resistance Tension resistance Normal Vertical load Normal tension load Accidental tension load Seismic vertical load Accidental vertical load

Resistance, kN Resistance, kN
- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
0.0
0.0

1.0 1.0

2.0 2.0

3.0
3.0

4.0
4.0

5.0

5.0

6.0
Depth, m below bed level

6.0

Depth, m below bed level

7.0

7.0
8.0

8.0 9.0

9.0 10.0

11.0
10.0

12.0
11.0

13.0
12.0

14.0

13.0
15.0

14.0
16.0

15.0
17.0
PROJECT - MUMBAI TRANSPORT HARBOUR LINK RAMBOLL GROUND ENGINEERING DATE
BY
CLIENT - DAEWOO TATA JV CHECKED BY

Flemings Pile Displacement Prediction

Eq 20 Eq 21 Raf 43023.968 kN mm Ps Pb Pr
0.000771 -0.00041199 Re 131887.94 kN 1 2,099 1,714 3,812
Load, kN 0.0034231 0.00263568 Diameter shaft 1.95 m 4 8,780 8,145 16,925
0.0060526 0.00565743 Diameter base 1.95 m 7 14,584 15,342 29,926
0.009965 0.01015347 Ms coeffecient 0.001 12 21,784 27,486 49,271
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000
0.0 0.0128255 0.01344065 Emass 5342000 kN/m2 16 26,075 37,339 63,414
0.0150506 0.01599767 Lf 5.57 m 20 28,924 45,492 74,416
5.0 0.0168481 0.01806331 Lo 18.03 m 23 30,952 52,351 83,303
Load 0.0224405 0.02448997 Ke 0.45 34 36,003 74,951 110,954
10.0 displacement 0.0272602 0.03002863 Ec 3.40E+07 kN/m2 50 39,202 95,583 134,785
0.0294552 0.03255104 63 40,398 ###### 145,637
15.0 design sls load 0.0307141 0.03399781 74 41,024 ###### 151,862
Displacement, mm

20.0 Interpolation Equations

3812.3227 0.87104206
25.0 2
16925.076 3.92309571 Eq.20* = (4 x Pr x (Lo + Ke x Lf)) / (π x Ds x Ec)
30.0
2
Eq.21** = (4/π x Ds x Ec) x (Pr x L - Lf x Raf x (1 - Ke))
35.0
* Elastic shortening of pile as per Flemming's method
40.0 ** Elastic shortening of pile for greater load

45.0 LEGEND
Ms coefficient = coefficient which defines the slope of the initial shaft friction line
Emass = Youngs modulus of soil/rock below tip of pile
50.0
Lf = Pile length trasmitting load by shaft friction
Design SLS load 14919 kN Lo = Pile length in friction free zone
Ke = Coefficient applied to friction length to give column length
Estimated Pile settlement 3.46 mm Ec = Concrete strength modulus
L = Total length of pile
Ds = Pile diameter
Raf = Ultimate shaft resistance

Ps = Shaft load
Pb = Base Load
Pr = Total Load