QUESTIONS FOR CH.

3
Highway & transportation I

DECEMBER 6, 2018
ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd
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Q.1: Final 2017 (6 points)

A pedestrian survey at a pedestrian crossing of 5 meters width, showed that during the peak
period a number of 22 persons wait for the green light to cross the road.
1. Determine the total required width of the sidewalk.
Note: Allow 1.2 m for pedestrians walking on the sidewalk along the road.
2. How many seconds are needed for all pedestrians so than they can cross the street
of 7.2m width? Assume free walking for pedestrians.
Solution:
5
1. No. pedestrians in each row = 0.61 = 8.2 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 8.
22
No. rows = 8
= 2.75 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 3.
Total width of the sidewalk = 1.2 + 3 × 0.35 = 2.25𝑚.
5
2. No. pedestrian in each row when they walk = 0.95
= 5.26 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 5 𝑝𝑒𝑑.
22
No. row = 5
= 4.4 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 5.
7.2
Crossing time for the first row = 1.22 = 5.9 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
2.44
Time between rows with each other = 1.22 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐.

Q.2: Midterm 2016

A 1100 kg passenger vehicle originally traveling on a straight and level road gets onto a
section of the road with a horizontal curve of radius = 250 m. The vehicle was originally
traveling at 55 km/h at mean sea level and has a front cross-sectional area of 3 m2.
Determine:
1. The additional horsepower on the curve the vehicle must produce to maintain the
original speed.
2. The total resistance force on the vehicle as it traverses the horizontal curve.
3. The total horsepower.
Solution:
Note/In this question you should note it is passenger car so you will use passenger car
equations and constants.
(0.077𝑢2 𝑊) (0.077(552 )1100)
1. Rc = 0.5 𝑔𝑅
= 0.5 9.81×250
= 104.5 𝑘𝑔.
2.73𝑅𝑐 𝑢
𝑃 = = 21.03ℎ𝑝.
746
2. The traverse forces = air force + grade force + rolling force.
(0.077𝑝𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝑢2 ) (0.077 × 1.227 × 0.4 × 3 × 552 )
Ra = 0.5 = 0.5 = 17.48 𝑘𝑔.
𝑔 9.81
Rg = 0 (leveled).
Rr = (𝐶𝑟𝑠 + 0.077𝐶𝑟𝑣 𝑢2 )𝑊 = (0.012 + 0.077 × 10−6 × 552 )1100 = 13.5 𝑘𝑔.
2.73(17.48 + 13.5)
Pt = = 0.113 ℎ𝑝.
746
3. Ptotal = 0.113 + 21.03 = 21.15 hp.

Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd

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Q.3: Midterm 2016

An elevated expressway goes through an urban area and crosses a local street as shown in the
figure below. The partial cloverleaf exit ramp is on a 2% downgrade, and all vehicles leaving
the expressway must stop at the intersection with the local street.
Conditions:
Maximum speed on expressway = 100 km/h
Distance between exit sign and exit ramp = 80 m
Letter height of road sign = 3"
Maximum super elevation = 0.08
Assume that a driver can read a road sign within his area of vision at a distance of 15 m for
each inch of letter height, and the driver sees the stop sign immediately on entering the ramp.
Determine:
1. Minimum ramp radius (fs = 0.12).
2. Length of the ramp.

Solution:
To get the minimum ramp radius, calculate the speed (𝑢2 ) when arrived to the exit.
Reading distance to the exit sign = 3 × 15 = 45𝑚.
𝑢12 − 𝑢22
𝑆 = 0.278𝑢1 𝑡 + 𝑎
254( ± 𝐺)
𝑔
1002 − 𝑢22
45 + 80 = 0.278 × 100 × 2.5 + 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢2 = 71.17𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.
254(0.35 ± 0)
𝑢2 71.172
𝑅= = = 199.5𝑚.
127(𝑒 + 𝑓𝑠 ) 127(0.08 + 0.12)
As given vehicles must stop at the intersection with the local street. So you can calculate
the safe distance in which drivers can decrease his speed to stop.
71.172
𝑆 = 0.278 × 71.17 × 2.5 + = 110 𝑚.
254(0.35 − 0.02)

Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd

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Q.4: Midterm 2004

Car (A) was travelling on the minoer street as shown below at a speed of 80 km/hr when it
was at 200 m from the first intersection the driver noticed car (B) at adistance of 200 m and
was travelling at a constant speed of 60 km/hr on the major street (I) and he decided that he
could cross the intersection safly by driving with accelaration rate of 2 m/sec2. after the driver
had crossed the first intersection he continued at the same accelaration rate but when he was
at 300 m from the second intersection he noticed car (C) travelling at constant speed 70 km/hr
and so he tried to stop with deccelaration rate of 5m/s2 but he failed to do so his car collided
with car (C) at the center of the second intersection.
1. Show that the driver had taken the right decision at the first intersection.
2. Find the distance (d) at which he noticed car (C).

Solution:
𝑢22 −𝑢12
1. 𝑆 = 0.278𝑢1 𝑡 + 𝑎 .
254( ±𝐺)
𝑔

𝑢22 − 802
200 = 0.278 × 80 × 2.5 + 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢2 = 117.8 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.
2
254( ± 0)
9.81
𝑢2 = 𝑢1 + 𝑎𝑡
117.8 − 80
𝑡𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 2.5 = 7.75 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
3.6 × 2
200 × 3.6
𝑡𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐵 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 12 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
60
𝑡𝐵 > 𝑡𝐴 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛.
2. To get distance (d) you should calculate the time which needed for A to arrive to the
second intersection.
Firstly, calculate driver A speed after 200 m of the first intersection.

𝑢22 − 117.82
200 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢2 = 155.7 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.
2
254 (9.81 ± 0)

Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd

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Secondly, calculate the speed of driver A when he arrived to the second intersection
then how long time the driver A needed to arrive.
155.7
𝑢𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = + 2 × 2.5 = 48.25𝑚/𝑠 = 173.7𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.
3.6
173.72 − 155.72
𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝐴 was ta𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 114.5𝑚.
2
254 (9.81 ± 0)

173.72 − 𝑢22
300 − 114.5 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢2 = 78.5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.
5
254 (9.81 ± 0)

173.7 − 78.5
𝑡 𝐶 = 2.5 + = 7.8𝑠𝑒𝑐.
3.6 × 5
70
𝑑 = 7.8 × = 151.7 𝑚.
3.6

Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd

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Note/The following is some question was taken from Ahmed Alagha notes.

Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd

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Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd

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Eng. Mohammed M. Alkurd