It's signs are thinning blood Primary movement of Superior

OPT011-RBE vessels, cotton wool spots and Rectus. *

hemorrhages. * 1/1
Unpleasant * 1/1
2/2 Elevation
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Localization Depression
Quality Glaucoma Adduction
Intensity Retinitis Pigmentosa Abduction
Duration Retinal Detachment
Tone of Feeling Associated
They receive the light stimulus
Cyan + Magenta * and generate nerve impulses. *
1/1 1/1
Green-blindness *
1/1 yellow Visual Cells
magenta
Protanopia blue Bipolar Cells
Deuteranopia Ganglionic Cells
black
Tritanopia cyan
Deuteranomalous Can be caused by alcohol and
Protanomalous tobacco abuse. *
It is the movement of one eye. * 1/1
1/1
Rare condition * Achromatopia
1/1 Duction Dyschromatopia

Protanopia Version Anomalous Trichromasy

Deuteranopia Torsion Trichromasy
Tritanopia

Visual mechanism stimulated by According to Kolliker, the rods

wavelengths of light. * and cones are the ultimate
Combination of all 1/1 elements of sight. *
complimentary colors result to: *
2/2
1/1 Helmholtz Theory
True
yellow Hering's Theory False
magenta Ladd-Franklin Theory
blue
black
The following are the functions 2 eyes move to the right *
cyan of RPE, except: * 1/1
2/2
Duction
Vision is dim. * It protects the rods & cones by Version
1/1 absorbing some light.
It insulates the rods & cones or Torsion
Positive Scotoma the visual cells.
Negative Scotoma It regenerates the visual purple
Relative Scotoma of the cones. Foveal area is mainly used for
No Exception daylight vision. *
2/2
True The following are true during
accommodation, except: * It is located inside the optic
False 1/1 canal. *
1/1
Ciliary muscle contracts.
Complimentary color of Iris sphincter contracts. Intraocular
yellow * Pupil dilates. Intraorbital
0/1 Intracanalicular
Crystalline lens changes its
greenish-blue
power. Intracranial
cyan
blue
indigo-blue Loud * 3rd month baby shows
2/2 preference for warmer red and
Correct answer green. *
Localization 1/1
blue Quality
Intensity True
False
Seeing is psycho-chemical
Duration
process. * Tone of Feeling Associated
1/1
Opponent Colors Theory *
True Correlated with the protoplasmic 1/1
False activity *
1/1 Helmholtz Theory
Hering's Theory
Helmholtz Theory
Mixing of wavelengths * Hering's Theory Ladd-Franklin Theory
1/1
Physical Color Mixing Ladd-Franklin Theory
True or False: The larger the
diameter of the dendrite, the
Physiological Color Mixing Associated with Tetartanopia * faster the speed of the nerve
1/1 impulse. *
Visible spectrum is: * 1/1
Protanopia
1/1 Deuteranopia True
800mu-300mu Tritanopia False
760mu-380mu

770mu-320mu Single Binocular Vision is: * It is also known as sensory

1/1 cells. *
It is more generally spoken of as 1/1
Produced by 2 eyes, 2 impulses
bluish. * in each optic nerve and 2 Visual Cells
2/2 sensations
Produced by 1 eye, 2 impulses Bipolar Cells
Primary Positive After-Image
in each optic nerve and 1 Ganglionic Cells
Secondary Positive After-Image
sensation
Produced by 2 eyes, 2 impulses
Negative Positive After-Image Foggy mountain is perceived as
from optic nerves and 1
sensation distant. *
1/1
Aerial Perspective Blue Achromatopia
Dyschromatopia
Intervening Object
Vertically upward *
Motion Parallax Anomalous Trichromasy
Mathematical Perspective 1/1 Trichromasy
Clearness & Detail 45-50 degrees
Caused by central scotoma *
Intensity discrimination is also 50-60 degrees 1/1
known as Visual Acuity. * 60-70 degrees
2/2 80-90 degrees Achromatopia

True Dyschromatopia
Observed when riding a moving Anomalous Trichromasy
False
vehicle: nearer objects go Trichromasy
opposite your direction while
distant objects go along your
The rods and cones are the main direction. * Cessation of all vision due to
seat of retinal stimulation. * 1/1 absence of stimulation *
2/2 1/1
Aerial Perspective
True Intervening Object White
Motion Parallax Black
False
Mathematical Perspective
Clearness & Detail True or False: Stereopsis is the
It occurs when a neuron sends
information down an axon. * ability to discern depth and
1/1 This is not true about the distance. *
retina. * 1/1
Action Potential 1/1
True
Fatigue It is thin.
Conduct Without Decrement Retina is transluscent. False
All-or-None Phenomenon
Specific Nerve Energies It is also known as neural coat.
It is also known as pit. *
It is also called as the functional
coat. 1/1
Can discriminate different light
intensities * Physiological Cup
2/2 This is characterized with Fovea
presence of black pigments on
Rods the peripheral retina. *
Cones
1/1 True or False: The process
where nerve impulse jump at
Hypertensive Retinopathy
large distance is called salutatory
Glaucoma
Anabolism of Green-Red * propagation. *
Retinitis Pigmentosa
1/1 1/1
White Retinal Detachment True
Black False
Green Described of Dalton *
1/1
Yellow
True or False: The nature of the Glaucoma Negative Positive After-Image
activity is determined solely by Retinitis Pigmentosa
the character of the responding Retinal Detachment
Threshold is the magnitude of
organ; it is not determined by the stimulus needed in order to
nature of the nerve or of the achieve result or reaction. *
nerve impulse, nor by the True or False: A person with one 2/2
manner in which the nerve eye is still able. *
impulse was generated or by the 1/1 Correct
organ in which it was
generated. * True Incorrect
1/1
False
True Dim sense of color *
1/1
False Landmarks in the spectrum *
1/1 Achromatopia
Dyschromatopia
It is where our keenest vision is Hue Anomalous Trichromasy
found. * Brightness
1/1 Saturation
Fraunhofer Lines
Retina Tests of color vision, except: *
Optic Disc 1/1
Physiological Cup
Amacrine and horizontal cells Farnsworth D-15 Panel Test
Fovea / Macula
are under these neurons: * Jennings Self-Recording
1/1 Edridge-Green Beads
No Exception
During stimulation, pigments of Visual Cells
the RPE moves towards the Bipolar Cells
ELM. *
The following are qualities of
2/2 Ganglionic Cells
sensations, except: *
True 2/2
Complimentary color of
orange * Localization
False
0/1 Quality
Intensity
Discovered by Raleigh * greenish-blue Duration
1/1 cyan No Exception
blue
Achromatopia
Dyschromatopia indigo-blue
Anomalous Trichromasy The little the light, the shorter
Correct answer the time needed for
Trichromasy cyan stimulation. *
2/2
Person with this ocular disease It is the bright sensation that True
often report seeing a curtain-like follows the original sensation. * False
in their vision. * 2/2
1/1
Primary Positive After-Image
Hypertensive Retinopathy The brightness of the sensation
Secondary Positive After-Image increases by increasing the
duration of stimulation, intensity conjugate movement of the 2 True
of the light and the size of the eyes. * False
fovea. * 1/1
2/2 Correct answer
True
True True
False False
Our eyes are equipped to adapt
Visual purple is formed by a to any lighting environment. *
Central common binocular combination of vitamin A with a 2/2
field * simple protein. *
1/1 2/2 Correct

190 degrees True Incorrect

120 degrees
False
Last to regain *
Name * 2/2
Blindness that is not seen or
observed by the patient. * Abigail Maneil Caballes de Lara Rods
Cones
1/1
A stimulus is either too feeble to
Negative Scotoma cause a response, or it elicits a
maximum response. Neural After-image *
Absolute Scotoma
activity is always maximal. * 1/1
Relative Scotoma
1/1
Physical Color Mixing
While looking at your right, the Action Potential Physiological Color Mixing
lateral rectus muscle contracts Fatigue
and pull while the medial rectus Conduct Without Decrement
releases but limits the pull of the All-or-None Phenomenon
Sense of sight is considered the
lateral rectus to avoid dominant sense. *
Specific Nerve Energies
overshooting or too much right 1/1
gaze. The medial rectus is the? *
1/1 This is true about Retinal True
Pigmented Epithelium. *
Synergist False
1/1
Antagonist
It is a single layer.
He said that the seat of scotopic
Yoke Muscle
vision is 20 degrees extra-
It is a minute crystal white
foveal. *
pigments.
During stimulation the rods and 2/2
It aids in absorbing nutrients for
cones migrate towards ELM. *
the eye. Breuer
2/2 All are true. Pertz
True Von Kries
False Duplicity Theory: cones in
foveal area with a rod-like Wolfflin
appearance *
True or False: To attain fusion of 0/2 Color vision defect can be
images, there should be a inherited and acquired. *
1/1 Phosphene
It is the external application of a Protoplasm
True certain amount of kinetic
energy. * Stimulus
False
2/2
Phosphene It is also known as visual
Ghost after-image * purple. *
Protoplasm
2/2 Stimulus 1/1
Purkinje Iodophsin
Kries Rhodopsin
Hamaker During light exposure, the cone
Bidwell fiber moves closer to the ELM. *
2/2 It is also known as Purkinje
True After-Image *
Blue + Green = * 2/2
False
1/1
Primary Positive After-Image
yellow Secondary Positive After-Image
magenta Pupil dilation decreases with
blue age. * Negative Positive After-Image
black
2/2
cyan
Catabolism of White-Black *
True
1/1
Horizontally templeward * False White
1/1
Stresses the nature of the Black
45-50 degrees Green
stimulation *
50-60 degrees Yellow
60-70 degrees 1/1
Blue
80-90 degrees Helmholtz Theory
Anabolism of Blue-Yellow *
Hering's Theory
Ladd-Franklin Theory 1/1
Light can be the following,
except: * White
2/2 Blue + Red * Black
1/1 Green
Physical Yellow
Psychological yellow Blue
Subjective magenta
Objective
No Exception blue
Perception of color *
black
cyan 2/2
Light adapted * Cones
2/2 It is the living parts of an animal
and plant cells. * Rods
Photic
2/2
Scotopic Bitter *
2/2 Drusens
Hemorrhages Photopic vision uses both fovea
Localization and extra-foveal. *
Quality 2/2
Intensity This is define by having high or True
Duration normal IOP and a visual field
Tone of Feeling Associated defect (optic nerve damage). * False
1/1
The following are pre-requisites Hypertensive Retinopathy Chemical Theory *
for a single binocular vision, Glaucoma 1/1
except: *
1/1 Retinitis Pigmentosa Helmholtz Theory
Retinal Detachment Hering's Theory
Frontally placed eyes. Ladd-Franklin Theory
Overlapping of eyes.
The greater the brightness, the
Identical points faster we perceive the letters. *
2/2 High irritability *
Coordinating Neural Mechanism
2/2
True
These are group of muscles Rods
helping to make and maintain a False Cones
movement/gaze. *
1/1 Daltonism *
1/1 Physical Theory *
Synergist
Antagonist 1/1
Protanopia
Yoke Muscle Helmholtz Theory
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia Hering's Theory
Destructive * Ladd-Franklin Theory
1/1 The following factors affects the
retinal color fields, except: * States that white is the mother of
Anabolism
1/1 all colors. *
Catabolism
1/1
Condition of the Retina
Intensity of Light Helmholtz Theory
Longer infrared rays do not Size of the Retina stimulated Hering's Theory
suffer much absorption. * Ladd-Franklin Theory
1/1 Nature of the Surrounds

True
At higher altitude, the 8% of the visible spectrum is
atmospheric oxygen decreases absorbed by the transparent
False
and the retinal sensitivity medias of the eye (cornea,
decreases. * aqueous, vitreous, lens &
It is commonly seen in 2/2 retina). *
Hypertensive Retinopathy, 1/1
Diabetic Retinopathy and Wet True
ARMD. * True
1/1 False False
 Correct It measures the visual filed. *
1/1
Incorrect
Normal color vision * Refraction
1/1 Ophthalmoscopy
Nyctalopia is not: * Tonometry
Achromatopia 2/2 Perimetry
Dyschromatopia
Anomalous Trichromasy Night blindness
Trichromasy Day Blindness
It is the opposing muscle. *
1/1
In scotopic vision, the eye can The following are the basic Synergist
see gray band with unequal physiological principles for Antagonist
brightness. * color vision, except: *
2/2 1/1 Yoke Muscle
True specific cortical cells are
specific It is known as the Mueller's
False not specific nerve impulses Law. *
specific sense organ 1/1
no exception
When the retina is stimulated or Action Potential
exposed to light, it tends to Fatigue
change its chemical composition Conduct Without Decrement
from pH 7.0 to 7.3. * Color blindness is a defect All-or-None Phenomenon
2/2 caused by the lack of neural Specific Nerve Energies
machinery necessary for normal
True color vision according to
False Seebeak, 1837. *
There is a higher retinal
1/1
irritability during light
True adaptation. *
It is a hue resembling the
False 2/2
complementary color. *
2/2 Correct
Incorrect
Primary Positive After-Image The creation of action
Secondary Positive After-Image potential. *
Negative Positive After-Image 2/2
Achromatic *
Migratory changes 2/2
Chemical changes
It is compared with white . * Rods
Electrical changes
1/1
Cones
Direct Comparison Method
Constructive *
Critical Frequency Method The following are other names
1/1
for Optic Disc, except: *
Anabolism 1/1
Color vision is best in photopic
vision. * Nerve Head
Catabolism
2/2 Pupillae
Blind Spot Achromatopia
Mariotte's Blind spot The quantity of light matters and
Dyschromatopia not the time. *
Anomalous Trichromasy 2/2
Total absent of colors * Trichromasy
1/1 True
Achromatopia True or False: The higher the False
temperature, the faster the
Dyschromatopia speed. *
Anomalous Trichromasy 1/1 Pressure *
Trichromasy 2/2
True
Phosphene
He first observed the bleaching
False
of visual purple after exposure to Protoplasm
light. * Stimulus
2/2 Deuteranopia *
1/1
H. Mueller Dark adapted *
Boll Achromatopia 2/2
Dyschromatopia
Photic
Anomalous Trichromasy Scotopic
Convergence and divergence are Trichromasy
examples of: *
1/1
It is a small depression or Freedom from mixture with
Duction excavation in the optic disc. * white light *
Version 1/1 1/1

Torsion Physiological Cup Hue

Brightness
Fovea Saturation
Self light phenomenon of the
retina is a luminous dust we see Fraunhofer Lines
in a totally dark room. * Green deficient *
2/2 1/1
Scotopic is achromatic. *
True Protanopia 2/2
Deuteranopia
False Tritanopia True
Deuteranomalous
False
It is a tone. * Protanomalous
1/1
Rhodopsin *
Hue Not demonstrated. * 2/2
1/1
Brightness Cones
Saturation Action Potential Rods
Fraunhofer Lines Fatigue

Conduct Without Decrement It is at the optic disc. *

Visual acuity is poor. * All-or-None Phenomenon
1/1 1/1
Specific Nerve Energies
Intraocular

Intraorbital
Intracanalicular
Intracranial

Flicker Photometry *
1/1
Direct Comparison Method
Critical Frequency Method

Vision is entirely absent. *

1/1
Positive Scotoma

Negative Scotoma
Relative Scotoma

Additive physical color mixing

of red and green creates: *
1/1
yellow

magenta
blue
black
cyan

Color sensation is a
psychological phenomenon. *
1/1
True

False