PAF-KARACHI INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY

DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

College of Engineering

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN

Semester: SPRING-21 Date of Experiment: _____________

Student name: MUQEEMA SARWAR Faculty Signature: ______________

Remarks/Comments: ____________
Student ID: 10574

CEP Design and Develop a solution for Complex Engineering Problem / Scenario / Task

PLO1 – Engineering Knowledge C1 – Recall

PLO2 – Problem Analysis C4 – Analyze
Bloom’s
PLO’s PLO3 – Design and Development P7 – Design
PLO5 – Modern Tool Usage Taxonomy P3 – Guided Response
PLO9 – Individual and Teamwork A3 – Assume responsibility

PERFROMANCE PARAMETERS
Excellent Average Poor Marks
CLO’s Aspects of Assessments
(75-100%) (50-75%) (<50%) Obtained
Student lacks clear
Complete understanding of Understand logics(s)
CLO1 understanding of logic
the concepts / actively concepts / participates less
fundamentals/ Unable to
PLO1 Understanding participate during lecture in class / readconditioning
read and interpret signal
05% /read &interpret signal circuits but unable to
conditioning circuit
Conditioning Circuits. interpret accurately.
completely.
CLO2 Partially identifies the Lack of identification of
Completely identifies the
problem in question and the problem, needing
PLO4 problem in question through
Problem Analysis with academic support more than par support to
10% efficient analysis/produces
produces the required analyze the problem and
near to exact results
results. production of results.
Solution was complete but
A complete solution / Explain Solution was complete but
CLO3 did not work, needed
necessary theories according need minor
several modifications / did
PLO3 Design and Development to task description with great modifications/student could
not make correct use of
10% use of time and resource have followed specification
resource material or
material. more closely.
instructions.
Implement the interfacing Does not know how to
CLO4 Successfully implement the
logicwith less control interface a sensor and
interfacing logicto control all
PLO5 Tools Utilization
input / output elements
ofinput / output elements signal conditioning circuit
10% through the Graphical through the Graphical
through Graphical program.
program. program using Arduino.
Very little, if any,
CLO5 Proactively work with other Worked well with team but contributions to group and
PLO9 Team Work team members to complete did not offer much positive less contribution in
05% assigned tasks. feedback. completion of overall lab
tasks.
Total Marks: 40
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
Designing a 3-stage
MOSFET amplifier
GROUP MEMEBERS:
MUQEEMA SARWAR 10574
AIMEN MUSTAQIM 10967
SABEEN JAMAL 10953
YUMNA SHAKIR 11086
1: ABSTRACT
Designing A multi stage amplifier
using Multisim, we use this
Multistage amplifier to boost very
weak signals to usable levels,
Amplifying the signal in stages also
helps to minimize distortion.
Multistage amplifiers are highly
required in magnifying small signal
such as bio signals, chemical
concentration changes and changes in
ambient parameters. As a single
transistor amplifier does not provide
sufficient gain or bandwidth or will
not have the correct input or output
impedance matching. So to avoid this
destruction we use multiple stages of
amplification.
2: INTRODUCTION
MULTI STAGE AMPLIFIER is formed
by connecting several amplifiers in
cascaded arrangement such that
output of one amplifier becomes the
input of other whose output becomes
input of next and so on.
Each amplifier in this configuration is
known as stage. The multistage
amplifier is constructed with the
series connection of more than one
BJTS OR MOSFET’S in a single
casing the output of one amplifier is
used input for others. As we have the
basic transistor amplifier
configurations to use as building
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

blocks to create more complex

multistage amplifier systems which
can provide better optimized
specifications and performance.
BASICALLY in Multi-stage
amplifiers, the output of first stage is
coupled to the input of next stage
using a coupling device. These
coupling devices can usually be a
capacitor or a transformer. This
3: PARTS AND MATERIALS:
process of joining two amplifier
stages using a coupling device can be  Resistors
called as Cascading.

 Capacitors

4: BLOCK DAIGRAM:
 BJT (bipolar junction
transistor)
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
 MOSFET
5: Requirements for
Multistage Amplifier:
• Typical spec for a general
purpose operational amplifier
– Input resistance ~ 1MΩ –
Output resistance ~ 250Ω –
Voltage gain ~ 100,000
• No single transistor amplifier
can satisfy the spec
• Cascading multiple stages of
amplifiers to meet the spec
• Usually – An input stage to
provide required input resistance
– A middle stage(s) to provide
gain – An output stage to
provide required output
resistance
• It is important to note that the
input resistance of the follow -
on stage becomes the load of the
previous stage
6: WORKING
An amplifier formed by connecting
several amplifiers in cascaded
arrangement such that output of one
amplifier becomes the input of other
whose output becomes input of next
and so on. Each amplifier in this
configuration is known as stage. So
several stages are connected to form
multistage amplifier.
Each amplifier connected perform the
process of amplification. They
convert their input signal into high
amplified output signal. Hence the
output signal after passing through
several amplifiers becomes highly
amplified. we are using CS (common-
source) as the primary stage as well
as CE (common emitter) and CC
(common-collector) and the stage is
named as a cascade amplifier.
Whenever the amplifier is cascaded,
then it is required to employ a
coupling network among o/p of one
amplifier as well as I/p of the
multistage amplifier. This kind of
coupling is also named as inter stage
coupling. In this amplifier, there are
three multistage amplifier types are
used like RC coupling, transformer
coupling, and direct coupling. We
have low value of load resistance.
Input and output of overall amplifier
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

is ac-coupled through capacitors C5 replaced by RB2 = R3||R6 and RB3 =

and C4. Bypass capacitors C3 and C2 R8||R9. At dc, the capacitors isolate
are used to get maximum voltage gain each individual transistor stage from
from the two inverting amplifiers. the others.
Inter stage coupling capacitors C5 and
C4 transfer ac signals between
amplifiers but provide isolation at dc
and prevent Q-points of the transistors
from being affected. In the ac
equivalent circuit, bias resistors are

7: SIMULATION CIRCUIT
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

8: SIMULATION RESULTS
GRAPH ON OSCILLOSCOPE:

DC VALUES:
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

AC SWEEP:

OVERALL GAIN AC SWEEP:

 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

DC SWEEP:

CALCULATIONS:
DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER
ADVANTAGES OF MULTI-
STAGES AMPLIFIER:
The advantages of the multistage
amplifier are flexibility within input
& output impedance and higher gain.
The multistage amplifier applications
are, it can be used to increase
extremely weak signals to utilizable
levels. The distortion can be reduced
by changing the signal within stages.
They has lower cost since it employs
resistors and capacitors which are
cheap. They have excellent frequency
response. The gain over the audio
frequency range which is the region of
most important for speech, music etc.
The circuit is very compact as the
modern resistors and capacitors are
small and extremely light.
DISADVANTAGES OF
MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER:
They have the tendency to become
noisy with age, Particularly in moist
climates. The RC coupled amplifier
have low voltage and power gain. The
Impedance matching is poor, because
the output impedance of RC coupled
amplifier is several hundred ohms,
whenever input impedance is only a
few ohms. Hence, little power will be
transferred to the speaker. The voltage
and power gain are low because of the
effective load resistance. They have
Narrow bandwidth (when compared
to JFET amplifier). Power transfer
will be low due to the poor impedance
matching.
APPLICATIONS:
The multistage amplifier applications
can be found in various industries in
various scenarios and those are:
 Employed in the conditions
when perfect impedance
matching is required
 Used in the applications when
correct frequency response is
necessary
 These amplifiers are also used
for DC isolation purposes
 Applications those need
enhanced gain, and good
flexibility
 Enhanced bandwidth
 Multistage amplifiers designed
with MOSFET devices are also
employed in many applications
 Audio transformers
 Microphones
 Multistage amplifier cascading
is used for high-voltage and
high-speed applications.
CONCLUSION:
In this project we learned that a
multistage amplifier is more useful
than a single stage amplifier in that it
has a higher gain and has more
flexibility for higher input and output
 DESIGNING A MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIER

impedances and also in amplifying a

signal it is ideal to use two or more
stage amplifier circuit to get better
and more great amplification of the
signal.
ACKNOWLEDDEMENT:
Very thankful to miss Sameea Jawed
of PAF-KARACHI INSTITUTE OF
ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY
for the valuable support and suggestion
and for their constant encouragement.

END