Allen Career Institute

Kota

PROBABILITY

(Solutions)

Index

Do Yourself...............2

Exercise O1.............21

Exercise O2...........121

Exercise S1...........151

Exercise S2..........184

Exercise JM..........202

Exercise JA..........225

Exercise O1

Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


99

Scanned by CamScanner


10

Scanned by CamScanner


At least 2
of the 3 numbers

are same

I Exactly 2 numbers are same

3 numbers are same

Exactly

2
that shows

A I Event

are same

numbers

3oz 6×5 15

PLA ) = x

=
-36

-63

that shows 3
Event

BI
Sanne
numbers are
-

56

PCB ) =
8-3 =

PLAN B ) = RAJ + PCB ) =

It

=
Required probability


No .

of cards removed = If

No available cards = 36

of

of elements in sample space = 36

No
-
.

PLA ) =
Is =
gt

?=Fs=y

pen

4pH3=1=9Rn#

g
-36=4

p =

plan H =
ztg

PLANS ) =
Is

Etfffif

%%¥#E#

elements in sample space

No
.

of

=
64oz 2 Squares

No .

Of ways of choosing

EEI.IE#xFxtI*EzI=n2

"¥j= it

Required probability

O O O O O O 000

9 counters

No.

of ways of placing

= 9 !
these 9

of fleeing

No of ways
.

no z

such a way
in

counters adjacent
are

Countess
-

blue

Fs ! x
Gg xx !
Required probability

×*zIxtt

#
594

#
=

42

9×-8×7×6

3-

Total of trial 5

no .
I 14

probability of winning toss

single trial Iz

in
=

Trials are independent

getting exactly

probability of

one
win

k¥1

4C

'

zx

Is
×

= at =

that outcome to head

A = Event

that number is

B =
Event

than 4
greater

PLA ) = I s
PCB ) =
I

Events A and B are

Here

independent
If

PET PD )

B) =

plan
Required probability

plan B )

RB )
PLA )

VB ) =
=

P#
-3¥

E tf ft
- =

I Iz

= =

77

PCH ) =3 PCT )

we here PA ) TPI ) =p

Also

pest pies =

=L

¥ PF )

pass =
.

Regained probability

text

heads ) =/ -

I -

pyo

= 15

To

events
independent

A $ B

For

PCA ) RB )

B)

PLAN =

= -

3×-6 =
.
18

's

B
'
) PA ) PCB
PLAN

PDD

= MAXI -

4 = -

12

= 3X
.
-

's RB) =L ' Rai ) PCBs

'
) PCA
-

PLA
=

NB

=
-

7 X -

f =
•
42

's =L RADC RBD

PLAY
-

'
RB ' -
'
) =

PLA n B

= .

7 ×
.
4=-28

PCB) -
plan B)

PCAUB ) =
past

= .
3 t
.

G -
is = : 98

99

Total of 5 I C l I 3) OR ( 1,2 , 2)

, ,

total

No

of ways of getting a

3+3 6

of 5 = =

6-
Required probability

Gx fxf

Is

( t 1,3 )

at most 5-
Total

of

l 2) OR C l I 1)

2,2 ) OR ( l , ,

OR C l
,
,

3+1 = 10

=
3+3 t

ways

No
Of
Required probability 106×6×6
.

E =

( 08 total
getting

a
No

of ways of
-

= 212
I -3

at least 5 = 216 -

of
§¥

Required probability

=
2¥ =

PLA
2

) =
pets > =

I
PIB ) P =

PLA t

St

past

s p

PLA 5- Is PD > =
3-
mutually
,

B c are

Here A ,
is
exhaustive

and

exclusive

events
Is
.

= P + P =

PCB v

No

Of ways in which
55

marbles can be placed =

erectly 2 bones are

when

empty of Ways

No .

( 35-39×5+345

Sgx
( 243-96+3 )

= to X

150 = 1500

= 10X

Required probability

125*5×5×5

=
150-0-12 =
25

PE ) PE 5- tg Is
=

i - i -
=

B) PCB ) MBB )

plan =

= f- x
tf =
gf

PLA ) PED plan B )

PCAUB)

= + -

=
I +
I -

fg= 90

= 43

PEh£= TF

ft
pKa )

Rana
Ex Ig Fiz
-

PLA ) XP

= -

not independent
A SB

are

B)
PLAN =
pest PD ) plan B )
-

B)

o
-

7=0
-

Tt p -

plan

for Independent

events A $13

B) PLA ) Pl BJ

PLAN =

Tt p -
o
Tx p

>
-

.
=

. 3 =
o
6 p p =

Grievers that sum of the

numbers are even

chosen

Of Choosing
-

ways

No .

of

even numbers

a
pair of
29

= kzt I =

55 11 then

number ,

If One

ome

must be army
other
}

S 7 13 17 19

Ot { 1,3 , ,
, ,

No .

of ways = 7

Required probability

T o
2T

Event that I turned up

E, I
turned up
Event that

Ez =

P Ei ) + PIE )

VE ) =

PE ,

mutually
$ Ez

are
Ei

Here events
-

euebubehe
n E)
p⇐

-0

32
= -
42
lot
.
-

U Ez ) =
LEI

P
E

PEETE)
=

= ,

Iac bat

= ad -
be so

ad Cbc

a →
b 's

d -0

a =
o
,

as ,

whose

No .

of
determinants

value is is 3
determinant
- ne

the determinant
that
probability has

Value non -

negative

the

chosen

= I -

Is =
Yt

Total

determinants -

=
24=16
no
of
-

L.kz/3iDzD3#

{ A B z
Li ↳ c- - =

- -
-

La ,
,
.

C-
{ 1,2 g
}
- -

Dz
0 ,

Di Dz ,

,
,

NCS ) = 26×26×26 X 10×10×10

plate has a
Event that

A =

letter palindrome
has a
plate

= Event that
palindrome

digit B)
Required probability

p Nfu =

PhD PLA n B)
PLA ) e- -

Now

PLA ) =
26×103+282×24103

#
26×1034-253-1 zig

= ,

ne

¥263e

D=

my

=
(2633×104+9)
#

To

=
Got key

'

(26+2%2)
plan B)

Llotioxg )
(26+26×25)

= 6612×402 Iso =

Required probability

Est .to
-

Iso -
-

260

Est

Methanogens

Women t
one
)
man

aaetty

2
@

3
Zz
÷

X c
,

Required probability

Fox Z 's

77

Automobile will be

E ,
-= stolen
will be
Stolen automobile

Ez

found .

her )= 0.0006

PE ,

0015
PIE )

= O -

P⇐n

PEE )

. PLED

0006
is

O .

= O -

40

condition

As
per the
given

chosen

2 tickets are

from { 1. 2,3 .
-
-
to
}

set we'll be effective

This
-

Sample space

probability

Required

Sc

= Toc

=
5×2 =

ends
en ) free

There are

the floor
lying on

holding

probability of

the Sanae rope

x
I

= I

2h -

= cos

she

co 2

2h

Fort

probability of getting

Even

score in a single trial

35

35+54×35+5
# czx

GX 6×6×6×6

3sc¥s 's

of getting

probability

Fort

trial
single

In a

Even score

3775×37+75×37

37+7

,
×

21 )

37 C It 7+3 St
If

= - '
the
4 children home

All

the

probability
roll
if they

Same

dice simultaneously


Cain is tossed 2 times -

only

If

then Sample -
space -

TH TT
HI
{

HH ,
,

wins ) =

Pended

malea
'
wine ) =
tf
Places
-

teams are equiprobable

Both

Statement②i5TRU

Australia

H
After getting first

can't win .

That meant

winning India

probability of
greater than
probability

is

Australia
of winning
.

StatementIi5FAL

Explanation

H T

H →
HHT

OR H -3 HHHT

OR H HH →
H H

OR H H

HH HH H HH HH T
HH →

H
HH HH HH →
OR HH

OR

till
continued

to

be

India wins .

Toss

50%
v
# u
50%

HIT
①

l l

v v

T T

Australia winning
probability

of

=P CTT )

=
tzxtz

winning

India
probability

of
)
PLHHT) PLHHHT

t
-

+
) t
PMT
•

tooo
)

PCTHTJTPFTHHT
-
-

+
was
#

#
-
- -
-

x t

tttttxtzt

was

Igt ptxzt
- -

= I

(given)
soy

Plane ) = PLA )
.pk/=Io
PLAKE
/PCcs

and

-*P(

) )
Buc) =
PCB t PG ) -
p ( Bhc

PCB )
Ig Lg
= + -

nc

I €-9

PCB nc ) f- of
-

=
+ =

4 2A

= I

24

(f) E) II

Now PCB) Pcc)-

-

-
'

P(Bnc ) =
PCB) Pcc ) .

B and C are independent events .

ans → option #

soil

it 1+2 A ) →
(E ) (f)
F)
=
X3 I
-

=

36

It 2T 3
6)→ (f) (Z) (Z)
=

E3
o
-

x =L

6

21-2-12 =
}→ (
6 .

# ⇐) = I

27

P=

IT 'T TIE 7¥
t
-
= =

Ans → option (B)

HI

( TTTTTTH)

) (
p( TH t P TTTH t p ) t -
- -

}
=

( -

)
i p p t c, + Ci
-

ppp Nsp
-

t - -
-
- -

( x-P) p
E
=

It

g-p -

5/02=-2102-1
't p 315
-

p = o

PIT
↳

ans

-7 option
Cc )

of + R is divisible
Sign

by 5 .

So here we are

just concerned about

'

the unit
place digit in a'
'
the which

' '
be
'
O and 5
'

should .

i. e

we are
ultimately concerned about

unit peace dogies in a 's b2 both .

to

R→
, For unit

digit peace

:÷

22 → It

:*:

.
..

62

are :
s -
-
→

2 →
>

g 12+22 5
=
(Iti-

8- 12 -132 =

→ A o (Itt-
)

92 12-172
'

→ I O = -

to

→ o
It 42=-0 I

l

22
-162 = O ~

③ t GZ =
'

O -

12+82 =
5 -

22+92 5

:÷÷÷÷÷¥

=
-

32+42 = - 5

32+62 -5
favourable

4472=-5 Cases -_
2*18

42+82

::

= - O

combinations

it of O
no'S
of
=

£+5 these
s out
of
=
-

102-1102

=
-
O if 10 no 10C , .lk ,

= too

l e

required 3% Is

so Prob = -

option CA )

Ars .

Soi
'

contains
'

Let urn r
of Black
.

no

'
and
'

balls lo red balls

.

-
n

East

Given

ncµo1t = E

tog 15

oe Clo ) X 45=24
se

22-102+24=0 see 4 or 6

↳ (Not possible
,

K€7

so

Black balls '

'

Red balls '

y
'

Now
required Probability

PCRR )
(7o =i ÷

= I
-

= I -

=
3¥,
he option Cc )

both If

odd no .

appears in first roll

2,2, 6,4 6,8

Resulting die → ,

In this case req Probability

.

= P ( odd in 1st Roll ) X P (

2 in 2nd Role)

=
E)(E) z
-

appeals in first Roll

tf even no .

die → I 1,3 2,3 4

Resulting , , ,

In this case reg prob

.
=

p (even in 1st Role

KP (2 in 2nd Roll

HF 's

regained tgt-2-gotleooncc.IM

so , prob -

77

HI

To end
up on
R ,
it shall land on

' '
' '

B or w

P ( BR ) t P ( WR)

so
required Prob =
-

⇐ Hi )

= +
4) C 's ) Ext ¥
-

- -

'

' '

y and
'

'

Ans → option (A)

÷÷÷÷Hm
Sol

30 → t

'
→ 3

.
.

. .

:/

see .

7)

is → l

Nof '
→
y
unit
peaces of 2b

Z
s
→

>

>

7 → 6

so
possible combinations
74

→ I

e.)

1+7=8

3553
' conman .
It's

At →

> 6 Total Combinations

in one Segment = 16

soin

I(

more than one correct Answer )

=
I -

P ( atmost one correct answer

)

Wynn
\ L

exactly one correct

W
No correct

Answer

answer

f¥ftkol¥§§
)

( ftp.x-o)

= t -
P (x -

= t -

( K
,

¥g (8-14)=1 ¥¥x3

=
I -
-

§ .

'

' Cord

As → Etim I


soi

hint

ABABA )tP(ACACA)

P( ABACA ) + PCACABA)

B C

PLABC.BA/tPCACBCA)- fzj4tCI)4t- - C6times

,÷X6= Gg

⇐ option CB)

sod

Let event A →
key of Cz is obtained in

2nd trial -

PLA )
(Eg) (

'T
= '

'

odds in
favour of
Pp4A

A
;
= = =

I I 85

option (B)

Ans →

sod

shifted

R R

u
v

A B

ball is

shifted
'

required Prob
Ig ÷
= =

Ans → option Cc )

Soi P( failed) (

hnstrument = I -

P instrument

working)

I Loos ) ( 08) I
Foo Eo
= -
=

-
-

(rtwmtfaiied,2#ntsowd)

instrument failed

6.1310-82

8% If
= = =

28

100

Ans →

option (B)
-

Soi

( 1,5) ,
( 5,1 )
,
( 1,6 ) , 16,1) - - -

C' ,
lo) ,(10,1)

(2,6) ,
( 6,2 ) -
- - -
-
- -

,
(2,10 ),(10,2)

( 3,7) (7,3 ) , ,
- - - - - -
- - -
( 3,10 ) ( 10,3)
'

( 6,10 ) ( 10,6)
,

favourable Castes =
121-10+81-6 -141-2

= 42

total '

cases

= 2.
0q= So

Reg Probability
Ago
=

. =

Ans → option CB)

som

fair Dice unfair Dice

} 24 1,1 , 3. 3. 5,5

56

P (F) =
-

254 . -_

Ly (given)

PG ) -_
754=2 ( given)

Now
by Baye 's Theorem

'k

's
has shown
face
'

=
'

÷
⇐ KIKI;y⇐ ,

=
I

7-
Ants option

CA )

Sof

Let Event A → car had an accident

B → Driver is Drunk .

By using Baye 's theorem

(tf)

P = Plants

PLA)

( 0.20) ( 0.001 )
=

t¥To.oooT

20

÷ ¥
= = =

Ans

→
option CC)

9 a

both

(success) = Cool ) ( 0--80) t (o -
2) ( o -
Go ) t (0.7/1040)

= 0.08 t O -
12 + 0.28 =
0.48

option ( C )

¥Pl÷it=¥=¥=¥

option (B)

for Ahr ( O 7) (0-601=42

P¥Tsf =

studied
)
I 't
-

¥8 52

2126
=

option CD)

Scanned by CamScanner


22

Scanned by CamScanner


33

Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


55

Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


Scanned by CamScanner


7777

Scanned by CamScanner


&

Scanned by CamScanner


999999

Scanned by CamScanner


Exercise O2

Solution:

n ⇐

FOL NCE ) we make block

,
a
of

@ tu ) books
having books A S B

at the ends of this block

@ Dex @ x Lt x n-
-

Sqn
=

true

-nHence
-

Selection of r books and their A and B can be Arrangement of

interchanged (n-r-2)+1 objects

arrangement between A and B

@ x4×n-

n = x

tree

NCE ) ⇐ Feed s -

l)
-

Thus
p⇐1= ⇐ e Cn -

r t)
-

=
2G-h#

non y
-

Solution:

n ⇐ 63

Let n 'd and Z be values face
of

,

first second and

,
third
thhsowsespective.ly .

So

,
we require arty -1 Z s IO ;

n 'd Z E

, ,
11,2 61
ntytztw
,
TO
.

. -

,
=
w E

;
1,2 lo
,7I
,

. .
.

The
.

number Solutions
of this of

is same as
equation
the

coefficient10

n of
in

the expansion

of

$

@ tnt t

.
- -

Hut ( tu)

.
. -

consequently we beguile

coefficient
in of NF

lltntnt t
3-

-
- -

Utfnt .tn )
'
( ng
.
.

= i
-

Ci i
-

ng
n' )
Y
( -
-

=
I 3Mt -14 ni) (
ltkgn-5.cat y
-

. -

10cg

Thug n CE ) E
3×41
-

,
=
too .

Hence , P =
387¥ = I


✓
Solution:

Initially there are five balls in first bag. Now two balls goes into this bag and

two balls goes out of this bag. So total number of balls remains five in the

first bag after the pair of operations is repeated. Since we require five white

balls in the first bag at the end. So two white balls must goes in and two

black balls must goes out from the first bag as it contains only three white

balls initially. So, series of required operations is:

First Bay second Bag first Bag second Bag

¥,

±B→B

# Then

first Bay second Bag first Bag Bag

second

'
E'
B

# Finally

bequihedpobality
First Bag

second Bag Hence

, is

④ ¥xE*¥*÷=s .

Note have used
P( Ein

=p④xM¥I*Me¥xHf¥n
.

we
Eun
.

Esh Ey )

Solution:

n = 53

Fox

NET
;
we
confides two

cases : -

coset : c is even

Now

,
ab must be even i.e
.
both

a S b cannot odd
be

simultaneously .

So

,
n CE, ) =
(5×5-3*3)
mmmm
x 2
- -

both a

S b c can

be

cannot be odd

22 oh y

case II :

: _
c is odd

Now

,
ab must be odd ie .

both S

a
b must be odd

.

So

,
n
# =
3×3×3

Hence

,
n = n CE
,)
+ n = 59

Thus ,
p = -5€

125

Solution:

Let’s define the following events:

E :The purse contains exactly r rupee coins; r= 1,2, ..., 100

r

so

P

,

e) =
¥0 i as they are equally likely.

Also, event F : a coin is drawn from the purse and found to be a rupee coin.

Note we need to find P(E /F). So we take the recourse of Baye’s Theorem.
±

ef=Pf¥)l

-

Hence

,

EMEI)

r PEN

=÷÷÷÷÷÷÷==i÷÷

¥057

2
=

=
¥101

Solution:

Let’s define following events:

F: Mr. Dupont is given French wine.

C: Mr. Dupont is given Californian wine.

F1: He identifies the given wine as French.

C1: He identifies the given wine as Californian.

so we have been

, given : -

pie)

0.9
P( ¥)
=
't

o
P =o8
- .

, -

,

,

PFE ) -

-
o
.
2

find
P(

Now to

, we
apply

Baye 's theosem .

PCIe )

PCE ) ,
=
Pee ,

itFfEt*

O 2X
¥3
-

±÷ =it÷

Solution:

A) since, we know only the probability that a computer will fail in first hour of operation.

So, we cannot comment that how many computers would fail during that interval.

B) we can arrange these ten keys in any random order. So, n(S)= 10!

But, we require the correct key at fifth place and other nine keys can

be put in any random order. So, n(E)= 9!

Thus, required probability is 1/10.

GNow,AistheSamplesp#

So , BEA BAA = 13

plan B) =p =p PLA) CAS MAKI

A S B are
independent events .

D) There are two possibilities, either bottom face is six or not six. If the bottom

face is six, then visible faces are 1,2,3,4 and 5, whose product is divisible by six.

Further if the bottom face is not six, then we must have a visible face 6. So,

again product of five visible faces is divisible by six. Thus, in all cases product of

five visible faces is divisible by six. Hence, it is a sure event.

Solution:

:P # VB) PLA ) t PCB ) PHB)

-

= -

Is =
It 'z -

Plan B)

Plan B) =
Ii

A)or④PfATB7=fI

z¥¥

f- ( A/B) Ly

And,

= = = PCAAB)
I

PHD FI

137

=

=
Ez =
PCBs

⇐,

↳PB

=
¥

÷÷z=

And

, PCBIAT =

Solution:

PCE HEY =P ( E- D=
ED xp
'zxf=¥

Also,

P Eu ) =
PLE.AE#

PLEX

ty

PCE#
'z=2PfE
=

)
=

,

Also
P#

i. ED ⇐
f- =P P

E S

, Ea age independent

But, PCE , VED Ly tf f t I
=

so

, E S

, Eu age not extras tire .

Note

that PCE ,
AED ,
PCE , ) S P

age

in hip with
.

common

Sato z .

10

- I
Solution:

givin p @ VB) plan B)

⇐
5g ,
=3 S P =L

so, PAID) = PCA ) 1- PCB) -

P @ ring

=
-

RAHI -

f PLA ) -

I #
PCD

Now

PLAN B) =

I =

I PCA)
PCD
, x =

A S B

use
independent .

PHB)
P#p7f

Also
⇐

,
=

=
Eg

Again 3 PLA ) =
2 =

,
4 PCB)

pp

Solution: Let P LAND PCA ?

,
PCB) S P @ VB)

be

respectively e
,
at B Lep S 9+313
,

Also ,

a #B =p a
=p @ AB)=o

Since

→
, PLA VB) =
PCA ) + PCB) -

Pants
2+313 @ xp)

(2+43)
=
+

-

313 =
313 ( Trivial

result)

sinks:{

news .ve .

Also,

PLA AB ) to # FCA ) PCB)

( equal ty
.

,
holds when

13=-0 ,
which is not

necelsasy,

further

,
BLAU B) =
313 can be Zero

as

well when

13=0 . So , option

is

wrong .

12

✓

-

Solution:

Obviously sum of the numbers on the six drawn tickets will be either odd or even.

So the events E1and E2 are mutually exclusive as well as exhaustive.

Hence
, PCE , ) t PLED = I

Now n I '

, =
c = 462

From

1 to 11 there are five even numbers and six odd numbers. So for event E1, we
need

to choose either (4 even + 2 odd) or ( 2 even + 4 odd) or (6 odd).

so

,
n
LE ) ,
=
54×641-54×64 -16cg = 226

Now

,
PCE , )
=
¥¥ I
¥ =
I

= -
I PED >
I >
PED

)=P⇐f¥ M¥¥I

Also
RENE

,
t
=p fete
;)
.

-

13

:¥h¥÷i¥

Solution:

.PH#EtFtpElE)=PCEH

¥f

=

=

M¥
0

I may
For
not
instance
be equal to ti

the
,
as
per our enamtnle
value

of given enthusiasm is

g÷=¥ Q *

#iweMUmhaganwe

take

counterexample of option B .

PIEIEHPCEIEI
-_MEf ItMEf¥=o+o÷=f

D.IE/EItpEIE/=PCEEHfEnEJ--pfE--

I P

Exercise S1

SAY IS 3A 3h

i PCIcard A PI cards P II cardH

Keatist

eai

3 2 3 3
Am

8 7 6 56

ii when three cards are drawn

simultaneously drawn
the

cards must contain one each

A S and H

of

Reqd prob 34 24.3g

21g Mm

Cz

SAY Sc 3 Sc

Eng S Eng

3ms 1,2 4h6

on dice on dice

Eng Sub Eng Sub

P Eng Subject

selected

Pomona.su

xPGpEmsnidItPfohgusI xPlFjgnps.It

grp

X 3g t X

2g 4g Sg 246g 1234 Am

Snf

PC Max of two numbers is greater than 4

Pqtss9m g Platting
I die

T or I die 4 on

I 4g 4g I Am

4g Sg

nroses

SAY Let there are N roses 60 lilies

Let S denotes the probability of picking

a rose and f denotes the probability

of picking a
lily

S R
J f Go

Gotye Goth

PCSweety wins PCS U ffs Uffffs

St ffs ffffs t no

l f

P Shweta wins P Cfs v fffs U Fff FFS

f S t f JS t f SS N

TS

I f2

o PC Sweety wins 3 PCShweta wins

fee 3,1

f 13

K 120 Am

goofy Ig

Sdf H Drug is toxic

S chemical test reveals drug is toxic

Given Pln a PC5 41 1451A L a

To
find Perls

Now

Pls1h1 PCSNH L a

PCH

PCSNH act a 1

Also PC5th PC5nF l a

PCR

PCs un i a I PCSUH C a

1 PCH

PCSUN La ah 11

PCs un PCS PCM PCS NH H s

da a2 PCS f a at AZ

PCS da Lor Lac I a

Now PINTS PLANS Pcs PCMNS

PCS PCS

pints I
Pctff
I NI al 1
14Am

Lau a 12

SOI

PM p PCT l p

PCA wins P Ttt PCH TT t PUT NTT t

i p t pet pit pact pit a

PCA wins p

t pu p

for

game to be
fair to both players

PLA wins PCB wins Ya

L peep 1 0

ftp.p

p I is p I

2
on
215

reject

p 03 Am

7-

say bd ad be Even
in

CIO

c I E of
E
possibilities

CaseI ad bc product ny is odd

Tdd Td onlybdwahemodadiyan

pep pop
i Probability
pt

Casca Ny is Eun
Product
made boy

fishmoddotnand

T y

I
Pdd
h i pl

1 Pcaodd odd 1 Pcbodd Pcc odd

i Probability d 1542

11

i by cases 1 and

ptt 1 1572 42

41st 4102 1 0
Gp2 DEO p Yr Am

soy

1W

1B 373 373 Iff

I I I I

434 5134 1034 17134

Probability of selection

PCdrawing a white ball

fi'zt It

It F

569

1496 q

569 1496 2065 Am

ooo
ptq

Saf Ga

Io bulbs

XD

Room is considered lighted atleast

bulb is selected
if one good

I PHare'sbeewated

P Tigre

I 4cg

29

Am

30

10

SAI PC sum 7
pair of dice
on 1

63 6
6

call and not

we
getting sum 7 as success

getting sum 7 as
failure

Let there be n tosses

PCneteast one S I PCF

n
I 0.95

56

057

6 s 420

Taking log on base 10 on both sides

n
logs log6 c CIT log 2

n l logs log2 logs s l log 2

n
2kg2 1 log3 l It log 2

n It log 2 It 3010

2 2630107 1.4771 I
log2 1logs I

n 16.5 n 17 Am

It

Sam

eccentric1 215

PC Plumbing I 417 PC Plumbing 3 7

P Electric U Plumbing 213

PCElectric n Plumbing

It 23

42 45 to

105

PCElectric n Plumbing 17 Am

105

12

soy

No Dead Heat means no two or more horses

crosses the finish line simultaneously

Let A and B the horses

are
picked up by

John

o P A or B wins PCA wins 1 PCBwins

Is Is

2 Ans

13

say 612 6h

5 balls 7 balls
L

earballs
tinredbox

Tf
HEE had

12 G

in's

0 S II G I

l t 9 5
22

3 7 4

2 33
5 3

I 44
3 2

O 55
1 I 6

1 Red and 4 5 Red and No

chosen chosen
greeninball

greeninball

to put red box to put red box

Prob 6C 6

Regal
Cy t 6cg Coco

12

Cs

915.8 343 Pa

i 37 Am

ptg

14

SOD SOND 2 Bulbs drawn one

at a time with

replacement

SO
PCA

100
Yz

PCB _P ID IND t IND IND

50 So

100 100
So
100
So
100 Yz

PCC P IDI D t IND IND

So 50 So 50 1

100 100 100 100 2

i Pair wise independence

a A and B

PCAAB PCA PCB

cheek
a b

PCID IND Yz Yu

50 SO

100 100

i A and B are Pairwise independent

b B and C

Bnc CI bulb ND n both bulbs Dor both ND

ND

Bnc both bulbs are

cheek PCB NC PCB PC

50 So k Yz

Too lo o

i B and C are Pairwise independent

c C and A

C nA I bulbis D n both bulbs D or ND

CAA both bulbs D

check PC CNA PCC PLA

L
50 So I I

100 100 2 2

o C and A are Pairwise independent

ii for independence of A B c

III A B C should be pairwise independent

Dme in Cil part

I Plan Bnc PCA PCB PCC

An Bnc isof Ti Ta Ta

i PCA N B n 4 0

i All 3 events are are not independent

15

Sony
let prob of 2nd event

se

i Prob of 1st event KZ

odds 1st l R2

against NZ

odds against 2nd I

k
N

Izzi CIP

Itu I a

I send

recital I N

at K2 It K2 2N A b

i PC 1stevent 1 113 PC2nd Event Yg Aus

soy 4 Defective

10 Articles

6 Good

Select 6

Reject if more than 2 are

defective

P Braffhutisd P 3h3 D t P 24415

4cg 6Cz 4cg Ca

G

IO 1

G C6

4 20 1 IS

10 2 10

gs

210

19 Am

42

17

Sd

213 Published

hood

12 43 Not published

start

yy Published
the

Bad

34 Not published

Atleast are

Pigheamer L 4417hu MEhmFiksned

i
fIiIttiIlfiIttiFl

Good book Bad book

Not published Nor published

LEFT

407 Ans

576

18

Let PCT k PCH _3K

say

set 3R I R 114

i PCT7 44 KH _314

2W 5k Red chip P Redly

start
µ
urnI qf

T Fw 4k

Red chip PCRedIT the

urn I

According to Baye's Theorem

PCRed H xPCH

P HIRED

P Redline x PCH tPCRed T x PCT

517 3 4 15 28

57 3
4 14 11 44 15
28 411

165 Am

193

19

son
pull PCT7 1 2

42

a Regal prob PCH t TH t T TH I

P1111 t Pl THI t PCT TH

1kt Yz k t K Yz k

Yet 44 t Yg 71g Ctm

b Regd P TH t TT TH t TTT TT Ht

prob

4443 412144271 412 k t

htt 4144 412 t

41212 1 4

I 4142 I 114

113 Am

20

San

chance is trebled means chance

becomes three times

A Horse B C Jockeys

PCB rides A 213 o

P Cc rides A lb

PLAwins Brides A YG faeey.wsikeey4ohiwsgn

PCAwins Crides A 46 3 3

chances trebled

i PCA wins PCB PLA1B PCC P Alc

213 o 116 t 13 316

24g t 3 18

PCA wins

54g

i Odds A winning 13 to 5 Am

against

Exercise S2

( Ans)

( Ans)

( Ahs)

in ty

( Ans)

cans>

4
.

10

Total = 10X

selected in 10
ways)

(M S 42 be

( Ans)
II
930

p = =

Ko

⑥
n,
y e { 3d 31+7,31+23

,

category 3N , 3141 3h -12

Numbers
of , are

'

each equal to '
n


Whyy
( = (n y ) ( nty )
-
is divisible by 3

n
Sy are of same
category

No .

of ways = 3g Kz→ .
select zines.

select one
category

S (31+2)

n
Sy is of czdtz)

category

ng ng
No
of ways
.

fav =
3g neat King
.

3ncnzytn2-GM-32n.TO/al=3nCz=3nC3nt7

fav =

a-

5n-3_ ( And

P =
fave =

9h -3

Total

5
.

tip
=

No .

of student =
nty

.

( Ahs)

7-

( Ans)

Exercise JM

SI .
I
⇐


5
ABI

¥::p

'

t.EE?

=
.

⑥
6-

p⑤=Ppf-

: PCD ) I I

1 EL

PC 'D)

Pcc ) E PCI { from ① }

PCD)

pk)EP

⑥
Bak

failure

: Probability of atleast one

= I -
RB (no failure)

= I -

neg .

Ps (according to
9USD
Z
3312

Now I -

P E t

PC-fo.to

¥3
¥
.

Sal

:
-

Phin Btrc)
=

P¢z)=

PK ) -

Plane) -
P (Bhc)

T
Cc )

{
pairwise
}
B C are

: A
'

. .

independent

PK ) PCB ) PK)

PK ) -

PLA) .
- .

= -

PK )

I -

PCA ) - PCB )

p(A)_P

optional

8
By

.

fol

: -

{I . 2 ,
3, 4 ,
5 6
. ,
7 8 .
}
=

event that maximum is 6

* let A be the .

be the event that minimum is 3

*
let

to
.

}
%÷ {

the numbers 6 are 5

:

.
PLA ) =

{
5
the number > 3

are
&

P (B) =5I

8C3

for}
! {

Number either
:

.
PLA AB ) =

80

,
Required probability is

'
peat

9
Bar

Probability correct ans =

's
Dotty : of
- i

i. Probability of Incorrect any -_

§

Cases

There are Two

I I

5 answers are
4 answers are

correct

correct

=
⇐ 5- ⇐ I
'

t Es -

¥5

10 I

= +
-
s

35 3

GABE
10

PCAUPT) I
¥

-
*
=

I -
PCA u B) =
I

PCA)=Z

: PLA ) =
¥

PLA ) PCB) P (An B)

(AV B) t
-

:
P
° =

PCB ) ¥

Z
t
E
-

PLB

PCA ) PCB)

Now PCA n B) =
.

:
°

TF t
,

Tf

¥ I 's

:ie÷÷÷÷:÷÷

Baa
IM
.

6
9¥
I 2 3 4 5,

-
A , ,
,
,

2 3 4 5 6

B I ,
, , ,
,

P (E i ) =

P (Es ) =

Pfs) I
*
=

*
Pff , n E
2) =
IT

'
*

(
P Ea n Es ) =
Ts

P ⇐ A G) =
its

P(E ,
n Ean Es ) = O

:.GgEa,EzarenotIndepender

Aang
122

.

p= = & q=¥
Solo
:
-

.
-

*
p -
-

Is =

* q =
E

S

we can apply binomial distribution

Variance = n .

pq

= 10 -

Zs ¥ .

l⑤

Boat
13

.

Sal

:
}
-

let A = { o
,
I
, 2,3 ,
.
- - - -
.
10

"
n
ca

=

: .

event

*

let E be the
given

@ 6) @ 10) # 8) 6.10)}

. E =
{ d. 4) @ 8)
,
,
, , , ,

NCE) = 6

SO ,

nn,=÷g=f⑤

PEK

: .

imma
4

AH
Bnc

80€

got

:
:
-

*
-

p( Exactly one of A =P
or
C AUB
B
)
occurs
) =
114
=

PCA ) t PCB ) -
2 PLAN B) -
=

¥①
-

*

P (Exactly one of B or C Bbc )
C =poccurs
) =
114

②
( Bhc) ②
2 P
¥
-

PCB ) PG ) = -

t
-

=P ( CUA )

P Exactly one of Cora occurs

) = 114

③
③
-

Pk ) t PLA ) - 2 Plena ) =
¥
-

① t ② t⑤
Add ① t②t③

EPH)-EPCAnB)=Z#

P(AnBnc Given

How

,

PCAU
Bb C) = E PLA ) -
E PLAN B) t p (An Bhc)

↳# Til
p(AUBH4=

Any .


HMMM
15

Totalbal¥
ly.PH#

,
PCB)= to

d 6-B@

1add2bBaefYseTot@Htt
2TotalballsiQ.H
red balls

↳ add a

IT

.
.

6,ed ¥d 8-B@

PCR)=fz Plrkfz

Probability
⇐

so

, required -_

tffo.at)

Anse


Aha
166

¥
Tota,bafl

"

ftp.q#PCGI==Ez

2-G

ball

%feutengtaeedraor.TO#s=7Totalballx=Q

µadd

Green add Red ball

buretdnotaeedrahen

¥ 'T ,
'
→

ta

I #

PHI I PLR)=¥

-_

-4¥ .IE/tfz.Ef)

go

,
required probability

=
}④ Ansi


im

7
.

Results pair of dice thrown

S
-
when a

# $Um=7 {
6 Case}

A

11 12 13 It is y g

d6 $4M=8 { }

o
5- cage

21 22 23 24 25

34 35 36

31 32 33 Total = 11 Case

44 45 46
42 43

41
55 56

52 53 54

51

65 66

61 62 63 64

PHI ' '
12
It → sum 7 8
10=316
sA€

T→

Pet
2
Number
7oE8 P=§

=Cz¥ftf¥E)

:P

=¥①sn*

cake
18

.

80¥

-
i

: p =
Lz ( probability of success )

( )
of failure

& Probability

9=23

yet) > E

teeing

:p
r

Peano:Eat's

I -

>
¥

na Po an
I EG

.
>

⇐IET

i i.
E

>
-

(EY ⑤

< 0.1666

nmin

÷ .

Anis

ABE
19

Solo -

={l-=→2o }
.

: S

↳ sum = 210

required

:
•

gum = 203

Ca$exof$Ub$etB

from Ito 20

Include all the Numbers

Number 7 8am will be 203

except ,
so ,

* Include all the Numbers from l to 20

'

except Number I 6 go gum will be 203

, ,

similarly Except Numbers 245

* Except Numbers 344

Except Numbers 1,244 .

i. required Probability =
requires

Total subsets

=a Ani

ABBA
20

: -

*
④

to b 's to g

65 ⇐ ample )

space

n CS ) =

5. 5.5=1250

TEE

1¥14

5.5 =
250

TEE ,
6

5.5=250

-
-

1. 2. 3. 5,6 Total =

i. required Probability YET, =l7-⑤

Aaaa
21
.

Seol

: -

If W denotes probability that

5 or 6

outcome

's )

=
to =

*

If L denotes probability that

outcome 1,2 ,
3,4

( Eg )

L E
-

-
-
-

:
. Expected Loss /Gain

WX loot LW (-50-1100) t
Kw (-50-501-100)
=

1- P C -
150
)
⇐I Kiss

=
snoot E 's
'
+ lost

=

Any .


BABE
22

PCB ) =P (G) =

All 4 Girls
'

'

Required
@¥)t¥B)
=
.

Probability

+ @ - G 42 -

B)

Eat

= -

"

Fatt

's -

fatt Ea fat .

¥ .

Bang
23

'

equilateral triangle

Only Two

are possible 4A , Az Ag & KALAM

Probability NI
Required

:
=

. n (s
)

Kg

Zo

-

= -
=

Exercise JA

Baa
O
 2 93

Lfs

D
9%3

got

D
Stol

o -
5$
D

D
BBB

Solie

0
THE

8¥
89

got

O
$

Ed :
-
O
 BAD
"

00h

D
Tia

O
2nA

Sto

D
 $3 q

M3

80¥

D
iffy

Sto

D
or

Dolj

D
 of BK

68

Ah

⑤
met
MA

§0

D
 9099 $80

Mlg

got

D
am

8¥

D
AL

D
Man

stole

D
 Ay

BB

8¥
D
=

⑤
2K

80¥

D
AG

80¥

D
at