Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF NUEVA ECIJA
HILARIO E. HERMOSA MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL

SELF-LEARNING MODULE IN TLE – SMAW - 9

Week : 1
Name: ________________________________________________ Section: _________________ Date: __________

I. Readings/Discussions :

8 ways to prepare metal for welding

1. The us of a wire brush is odd for removing thick layers of mill scale, slag, or any other thick impurities on a
metal work piece
2. The use of sand paper is another way to remove impurities and imperfections from metal before welding
3. The use of cloth and solvent
4. Angle grinder
5. Chop saw
6. Band saw
7. Oxyfuel cutting
8. Plasma cutter bakersgas.com

Welding Procedures

The 5 essentials for proper welding procedures

1. Correct size of electrode - Use electrode according to its classification and specification. Size and diameter
of electrode is determined in core diameter and in weld position of the lectrode. Some factors to consider in
using correct diameter size are as follows:

• Service condition
• Thickness and properties of the base metal
• Joint design/details
• Welding position

The following will help in selecting the proper electrodes:

• E6010 is an all-position elecrode for deep penetrating and digging arc. It produces good mechanical
properties and is widely used for structural welding and pipe welding . It is best operated with DCEP.

• E6011 is essentially the same as an E6010 but is designed for AC or DCEP welding.

• E6013 is an all-position electrode for sheet metal welding. It has medium ppenetration and is used
on all three current AC, DCEP and DCEN.

• E6018 is an all-position electrode that consists of iron powder low hydrogen coating and operateson
DC electrode positive (DCEP) or on AC.

2. Correct current setting and adjustment

Current setting and adjustment for welding could be referred to specified welding procedure
specification. Another option is the manufacturers recommended current based on the electrode diameter.
Undercutting and overlapping is an example of weld defects common on fillet welds, and it must be avoided
during welding operation .

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 • If the current setting is too high, undercutting occurs on the base metal.
• If the current setting is too low, overlapping occurs

3. Correct arc length or voltage

Arc length is an essential factor in producing a sound weld. Too long arc dissipates the arc for the result
is less concentration of heat in work. The arc tends to be wobbly and difficult to maintain. The weld
deposit causes:
• Excessive spattering
• Crater porosities
• Harmful effect from nitrogen and oxygen in the air

4. Correct travel speed

Once the arc length and current is maintained, the speed at which electrode moves will now
determine the soundness and apperanace of the weld bead. Too fast speed will result in incomplete
fusion (less time to melt the base metal) with slag inclusions and gas holes, as there is not enough
peddling time to allow these impurities to escape to the surface. Too slow speed is a waste of time and
electrodes, the metal piles up and the slag may crowd the arc and smother it.

5. Correct electrode angle

Angle of electrode varies in different degrees when welding metals. The electrode manufacturers have
recommended the appropriate angle of the electrode for position welding.

Welding position Correct work angle

Flat position 100 -150

Horizontal 200 – 250
Vertical position (uphill) 100 – 200
Overhead position 100 – 150
Vertical (Downward) 300

Vertical position butt joint work angle 900 10 to 15 degree travel angle push, 10 to 15 degrees into each
toe.

Work Angle or transverse angle is directed toward the middle of the joint. Proper work angle directs eat to
bothsides of the plates, usually set at an angle of 45 degrees for the same thickness plates. In case of different plate
thickness, 60degrees is preferably used.
quizlet.com>welding-angles-flash
jainweelding.com
SMAW I Learning Modules

II. Exercises
Exercise I
Direction: Read each statement. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it on the space before the number.

______ 1. . The diameter of the electrode to be used in welding operation depends upon the:
a. Thickness of the Base Metal b. Welding Position c. Type of Base Metal d. None of these
______ 2. The angle that is directed towards the middle of the joint is called _________?
a. Work angle b. Electrode angle c. Travel speed d. Current setting
______ 3. What welding position is appropritate when using an E6018 electrode?
a. Flatposition b. Horizontal position c. Vertical position d. all of the above
______ 4. The electrode which has no coating is called:
a. Shielded b. Bare c. Dusted d. Dipped
______ 5. The coating of electrode is sometimes called:
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 a. Flux b. Shield c. Covering d. All of these

III. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

Directions: Read the statement. Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided before the number.

What are the 5 essentials for proper welding procedures?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

IV. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies :

Direction: Give the different welding position and its corresponding correct work angle.

Welding position Correct work angle

Refences:
quizlet.com>welding-angles-flash jainweelding.com
SMAW I Learning Modules

Prepared by:

ROMEO P. DELA ROSA

Teacher I