11/12

TVL-IA-SMAW
Quarter 2 – Module 5
WELD PLATES IN MULTIPLE PASS
GROOVE JOINTS
(FLAT, HORIZONTAL, AND VERTICAL POSITIONS)
TVL-IA-SMAW-Grades 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: WELD PLATES IN MULTIPLE PASS GROOVE JOINTS
(FLAT, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITIONS)
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Imelda R. Ubag
Editor: Dennis S. Calinao
Reviewers: Dennis S. Calinao, Gemuel C. Ibero, Howel Jay M. Caluyo, Alden B. Deguit
Typesetter: Imelda R. Ubag
Layout Artist: Imelda R. Ubag
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D., TM Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio Jr., Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 11/12

TVL-IA-SMAW
Quarter 2 – Module 5

WELD PLATES IN MULTIPLE

PASS GROOVE JOINTS
(FLAT, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITIONS)
 What I Need to Know?

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Welding (SMAW). The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module has 1 lesson, namely:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify weld plate in multiple pass groove joints in flat, horizontal
and vertical position.
2. perform the procedure on multiple pass groove joints in flat,
horizontal and vertical position.
3. determine the uniformity of beads ripples in accordance with
welding standard
4. identify weld capping / final pass not exceeding allowable tolerance
specified by welding code / standards.
5. examine the finished weldment in accordance with welding
standards for spatters, arc strikes, slag inclusion, and uniformity
of beads.

1
 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and write your answer in your notebook.
Let us determine how much you already know about SMAW. Take this test.

Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Use your note
book for your answers.
1. In the AWS system electrode designations, the next to the last digit refers to:

b. Electrode coating
c. Welding position
d. None of the above

2. Which of the following is not considered a type of joint?

a. Butt
b. Filler
c. Corner
d. Edge

3. In a single V-groove weld, the sloped surface against which the weld metal is
applied is called?
a. Root face
b. Groove face
c. Groove angle
d. None of the above

4. The type of weld applied to the opposite side of a joint before a single V-
groove weld is completed on the near side of a joint is called?
a. Root weld
b. Melt-through
c. Backing weld
d. Groove weld

5. In a complete weld, the junction between the weld face and base metal is
called?
a. Root
b. Toe
c. Leg
d. Weld edge

2
6. What do you call the graphic description of the type of weld?
a. Tail
b. Arrow
c. Toe
d. Weld symbol

7. What weld metal discontinuity results when the welder fails to completely fill
the weld groove?
a. Under fill
b. Over lap
c. Incomplete fusion
d. All of the above

8. Excessive spatter and undercutting of weld joints can be caused by current

values being set too high.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe

9. The distance from the molten tip of the SMAW electrode to the surface of the
molten weld pool should be?
a. One half electrode diameter
b. One electrode diameter
c. Two electrode diameters
d. All of the above

10. The following are the electrodes that are suitable to use all position except:
a. E6010
b. E6011
c. E6015
d. E7018

3
 WELD PLATES IN MULTIPLE PASS
Lesson
GROOVE JOINTS
1 (Flat, Horizontal, and Vertical Positions)

This module is designed to teach students about groove welding in

Shielded Metal Arc Welding process (SMAW-plate), proper techniques and electrode
selection for welding plate in multiple pass in various welding positions (1G, 2G,
3G) to meet ASME welding code.
In multi-pass welding, the weld metal and the associated heat-affected zone
are subjected to repeated thermal cycling from successive deposition of filler
metals.
In these applications, it is essential to form strong joints that allow transfer
of load between the different steel components. In most cases, welding is generally
the most common method of joining. The welding method reduced the corrosion
problems often associated with fasteners.

What’s In

This portion of the module is about some topics for you to review. As a TLE
student, you are recommended to review your topics. Reviewing will help you a lot
to gain better understanding on the concepts presented throughout your journey in
learning SMAW.

Notes to the Teacher

Teacher is recommended to design an activity to recognize
prior learning of the students or you may have some
motivational activities to incorporate at the start of this
module.

4
 What is It

There are a few terms associated with multiple pass welding you should
remember.
In groove weld, for example, the first bead deposited is called the “root pass”
and second bead is known as a “hot pass’. Which means it should be performed
within five minutes of the root pass. Subsequent bead is known as “fill pass”. The
last pass or passes at the top are known as “cap” or “cover pass” beads.

Figure 1.1 Weld Layer Diagram

What factors determine how many welds passes you need to make?

A lot goes into determining the number of passes. First and foremost, you
have to review your welding procedure specification (WPS) to see what the
minimum or maximum pass number requirements might be. If the WPS does not
specify, you're free to use as many or as few passes as your skills allow.

Here are some things that will determine number of passes:

• Travel speed. High travel speeds equal low weld volume. Low weld volume
means you’ll need to make more individual weld passes.
• Weave width or oscillation. The same idea applies to weave or oscillation
as it does to travel speed. The smaller the weave, the lower the volume; the
lower the volume, the more individual weld passes you’ll need.
• Joint configuration. If all other parameters are the same, a bevel groove
will need more passes than a V-groove.
• Electrode diameter and wire feed speed (WFS). Again, all other
parameters being the same, larger-diameter electrodes or higher WFS will
increase volume per pass and decrease the overall number of passes.

Grove and fillet welds in heavy metals often require the deposit of a number
of beads to complete a weld. It is important that the beads be deposited in a
predetermined sequence to produce the soundest welds with the best proportions.
The number of beads is determined by the thickness of the metal being welded.

5
 Plates from 1⁄8-inch to ¼-inch can be welded in one pass, but they should
be tacked at intervals to keep them aligned. Any weld on a plate thicker than ¼-
inch should have the edges beveled and multiple passes.

The sequence of the bead deposits is determined by the kind of joint and the
position of the metal. All slag must be removed from each bead before another bead
is deposited. Typical multiple-pass grove welding of butt joints is shown in Figure
1.2

Figure 1.2 Weld in Multiple Pass Deposit

What is groove welding?

According to the AWS (American Welding Society) a groove weld is a weld on
a work piece surface, between work piece edges, between work piece surfaces, or
between work piece edges and surfaces. The actual weld groove is a channel in the
surface of the work piece or an opening between two joint members providing space
to contain weld metal. There are 9 types of single grooves welds and 7 types of
double groove welds. All groove welds – other than square and flare groove welds –
require metal to be removed from either one or both faces of the work-piece.

Each time the position of a welded joint or the type of joint is changed, it may
be necessary to change any one or a combination of the following:

• Current value
• Electrode
• Polarity
• Arc length
• Welding technique

Current values are determined by the electrode size, as well as the welding
position. Electrode size is governed by the thickness of the metal and the joint
preparation. The electrode type is determined by the welding position.
Manufacturers specify the polarity to be used with each electrode. Arc length is
controlled by a combination of the electrode size, welding position, and welding
current.

6
WELDING PROCEDURES IN MULTIPLE PASS GROOVE JOINT IN FLAT (1G)
POSITIONS

MATERIALS / SUPPLIES:
1. Mild steel plate, 3.2mm x 75mm x 150mm (2pc)
2. Electrode E-6011, 3.2mm diameter

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. AC welding machine with accessories
2. Chipping hammer
3. Steel brush
4. Welding helmet/ shield
5. Welding gloves
6. Welding apron
7. Welding goggles
8. Fillet gauge
9. Welding tong
10. Portable grinder

OPERATIONS NEEDED
1. Marking
2. Cutting
3. Cleaning
4. Tacking
5. Welding
6. Cooling
7. Deslagging
8. Testing
9. Housekeeping (5’S)

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare the tools, equipment, and materials needed.

2. Set up welding machine.
3. Wear suitable protective clothing.
4. Bevel both sides of the plate.

7
5. Tack the two plates using the inner core wire of electrode.

6. Preset the groove to allow angular distortion.

7. Clamp the prepared groove plate in flat (1G) position.

8. Strike arc on the center line of the plate using E6011 electrode.
9. When the arc is established, hold the electrode at a 70-degree travel angle
and 90-degree work angle.

NOTE: Maintain the arc length at 2-3mm.

10. Chip the slag and brush the bead with wire brush and continue welding
until you reach the end of the line.

NOTE: Wear safety glasses or a chipping shield in your welding helmet.

11. Clean and inspect the run for uniform width, spatters, and slag inclusion.
12. Continue the process for the multiple pass, until the groove is filled.

8
 13. Present the finished work piece to your instructor.

WHAT TO OBSERVE:
1. Concavity
2. Convexity
3. Height of reinforcement
4. Underfill
5. Porosities
6. Undercut
7. Cracks
8. Cold laps

WELDING PROCEDURES IN MULTIPLE PASS GROOVE JOINT IN HORIZONTAL

(2G) POSITIONS

MATERIALS / SUPPLIES:

2. Electrode E-6011, 3.2mm diameter

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. AC welding machine with accessories
2. Chipping hammer
3. Steel brush
4. Welding helmet/ shield
5. Welding gloves
6. Welding apron
7. Welding goggles
8. Fillet gauge
9. Welding tong
10. Portable grinder

9
OPERATIONS NEEDED
1. Marking
2. Cutting
3. Cleaning
4. Tacking
5. Welding
6. Cooling
7. Deslagging
8. Testing
9. Housekeeping (5’S)

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare the tools, equipment, and materials needed.

2. Set up welding machine.
3. Wear suitable protective clothing.
4. Bevel the both sides of plates.

5. Tack the two plates using the inner core wire of electrode.

6. Preset the groove to allow angular distortion.

10
 7. Clamp the prepared groove plate in horizontal (2G) position.

8. Strike arc on the center line of the plate using E6011 electrode.
9. Keep the electrode at 90 degrees to the weld. Lean into the weld direction by
15 degrees.

10. In the second pass give 30 degrees angle electrode.

NOTE: Manipulate the electrode using a circular weaving motion. Maintain the
width of bead at 8mm and arc length at 2-3mm.

11
11. During the third pass manipulate the electrode into 45 degrees angle.

12. Continue the process for the multiple pass, until the groove is filled.
13. Follow the pattern bellow until the groove filled with passes.

14. Chip the slag and brush the bead with wire brush and continue welding
until you reach the end of the line.

NOTE: Wear safety glasses or a chipping shield in your welding helmet.

12
 15. Clean and inspect the run for uniform width, spatters, and slag inclusion.
16. Present the finished work piece to your instructor.

WHAT TO OBSERVE:

1. Concavity
2. Convexity
3. Height of reinforcement
4. Underfill
5. Porosities
6. Undercut
7. Cracks
8. Cold laps

13
WELDING PROCEDURES IN MULTIPLE PASS GROOVE JOINT IN VERTICAL
(3G) POSITIONS

MATERIALS / SUPPLIES:
1. Mild steel plate, 3.2mm x 75mm x 150mm (2pc)
2. Electrode E-6011, 3.2mm diameter

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. AC welding machine with accessories
2. Chipping hammer
3. Steel brush
4. Welding helmet/ shield
5. Welding gloves
6. Welding apron
7. Welding goggles
8. Fillet gauge
9. Welding tong
10. Portable grinder

OPERATIONS NEEDED
1. Marking
2. Cutting
3. Cleaning
4. Tacking
5. Welding
6. Cooling
7. Deslagging
8. Testing
9. Housekeeping (5’S)

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare the tools, equipment, and materials needed.

2. Set up welding machine.
3. Wear suitable protective clothing.
4. Bevel the both sides of plates.

14
5. Tack the two plates using the inner core wire of electrode.

6. Preset the groove to allow angular distortion.

7. Clamp the prepared groove plate in vertical (3G) position.

8. Strike arc on the center line of the plate using E6011 electrode.
9. Tilt electrode 90 degrees in direction of travel.

15
10. Follow the direction bellow in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd passes.

NOTE: Maintain the width of bead at 8mm and arc length at 2-3mm.

11. Chip the slag and brush the bead with wire brush and continue welding
until you reach the end of the line.

NOTE: Wear safety glasses or a chipping shield in your welding helmet.

12. Continue the process for the multiple pass, until the groove is filled.
13. Clean and inspect the run for uniform width, spatters, and slag inclusion.

16
 14. Present the finished work piece to your instructor.

WHAT TO OBSERVE:
1. Concavity
2. Convexity
3. Height of reinforcement
4. Underfill
5. Porosities
6. Undercut
7. Cracks
8. Cold laps

17
 What’s More

Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. White your
answer on your notebook.
1. Undercut is most often caused by too high of an amperage.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. All of the above

2. Undercut is an example of discontinuity?

a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. Not stated

3. Water or cutting fluid on the work piece before welding can lead to?
a. Slag inclusion
b. Porosity
c. Undercut
d. All of the above

4. Under-bead cracks are normally caused by?

a. Heat affected zone due to too much heat input
b. Improper pre-heating thick material
c. Improper pre-heating of high carbon steel
d. All of the above

5. Improper clearing between passes when using SMAW can lead to?
a. Porosity
b. Undercut
c. Slag inclusion
d. Crack

6. Gloves, skirt with sleeves, long pants and helmet are to be worn when
welding?
a. True
b. False
c. Sometimes

7. Eye protection should be work at all times while in the shop>

a. True
b. False
c. Sometimes

18
 8. The following are the things to determine the number of passes except:
a. Travel speed
b. Joint configuration
c. Weave width or oscillation
d. All of the above

9. What do you called to a weld that is made at the back of a single groove
weld?
a. Back cap
b. Weld root
c. Back weld
d. Root gap

10. What material is being used to measure the gap of the groove?
a. Tape measure
b. Inner core wire of an electrode
c. Coating of the electrode
d. Ruler

What I Have Learned

When it comes to welding, a lot has to be learned before a person steps out
to carry out the job. Welding goes beyond the normal understanding how to hold
the stick and position it in the right side. It entails instilling positive traits in a
beginner, so that they follow them throughout their welding career. In addition, the
welder should learn how to keep their working surfaces clean, remain comfortable,
understand the various welding processes and comprehend how to properly
maintain the welding process for efficiency and durability.

Skills is not the only thing needed in welding, we also need to follow
construction company rules and regulations to avoid problems and unnecessary
expenses. By following rules and regulations, you protect the company from
lawsuits. It makes a stable environment where people feel safe to come to work and
to be themselves. The result is less turnover, more teamwork and higher company
morale.

19
 What I Can Do

NOTE: To be performed during face-to-face classroom performance.

• Perform all the procedures in weld plates in single pass groove joints in flat,
horizontal, and vertical positions.

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely. Remember it is
your learning at stake!

The Rubric bellow will guide you in assessing the quality of your weld. This
allows the student to evaluate his/her own work before submitting.

Criteria / Not Needs Fair Good Excellent

performance Performed Improvement
(3) (4) (5)
(1) (2)

Gather all the

materials need

Wear complete PPE

Set up welding
machine

Position weld
properly

Position electrode
properly

Moving electrode with

constant rate of
travel

Maintaining the
width of bead at
about 2 ½ times of
the diameter of the
electrode

Continue welding
until reach the end of
the line

Clean the weld using

chipping hammer

20
and steel brush or
grinding

Observe weld pass

Conduct visual
inspection

Finished all the laid-

out lines

Assessment

Multiple Choice:
Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. White your
answer in your notebook.
1. Contact lenses should be worn when welding to protect the eyes.
a. True
b. False
c. Maybe
d. Sometimes

2. This current flows in one direction only and has either a positive or negative
value.
a. Direct current
b. Alternating current
c. Open circuit voltage
d. Arc voltage
3. Normal pants and shirt materials worn around welding should be of what
materials?
a. Polyester
b. Rayon
c. Cotton
d. Synthetic

4. When setting up welding machine for straight polarity, welding cable with
electrode holder is connected to?
a. Positive terminal of the welding machine
b. Negative terminal of the welding machine
c. The main circuit breaker
d. Generator

21
5. Which of the following materials is not an electrical conductor?
a. Aluminum pipe
b. Copper tube
c. PVC pipe
d. Cast iron pipe

6. The term straight polarity (DCSP) is also known as?

a. Alternating current
b. Pulsating current
c. Electrode negative
d. Electrode positive

7. Heat affected zone is located at?

a. The base metal adjacent to the fusion
b. Between the root pass and hot pass
c. On the root pass
d. All of the above

8. Which of the following does not required edge preparation for welding?
a. 3mm
b. 6mm
c. 9mm
d. 12mm

9. What is the most applicable weave motion in horizontal position?

a. Circular weave
b. Square weave
c. Zigzag weave
d. Figure of 8

10. What is the acceptable width of bead in a weld metal?

a. 3mm
b. 5mm
c. 6mm
d. 8mm

Additional Activities

1. What are the safety measures employ when we do the welding job?
2. Why do we have to follow the proper procedure when performing the job?

22
 23
What I know? Assessment
1. B
2. A
1. C 3. C
2. B 4. B
3. B 5. C
4. C 6. D
5. B 7. A
6. D 8. A
7. A 9. A
8. A 10. C
9. B
10. D
What I Have Learned
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B
Answer Key
References
Content resources:
https://www.springer.com/article/10.1007/s1165-016-2096-2
https://www.weldersuniverse.com/weld_types.html#:~:text=ln%20a%20groove%20weld%2c%20for
.known%20as%20%22fill%22%20passes
https://www.mtm-inc.com/ap-20151217-understanding-weld-symbols-ndash-thegroove-
weld.html#:~:text=0%standard%20Welding%20Terms%20and.joint%20members%20providing%20s
pace%20%
https://www.thefabricator.com/thewelder/article/arcwelding/arc-welding-101-
how-many-weld-passes-does-it-take-
https://www.weldersuniverse.com/weld_types.html

https://www.flight-mechanic.com/arc-welding-procedures-techniques-and-
welding-safety-equipment-part-two/
https://weldguru.com/smaw-tips-techniques/

https://www.millerwelds.com/-/media/miller-
electric/files/pdf/resources/guidelines_smaw.pdf

CBLM on Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Picture resources:
Figure 1.1 https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/7-
rElHNTSJIodPWJFVHu437HFuoyTdcnFEFlnyuFnr5SMOYlg6kW8WiKS0lAROMqOflEtZ0TDX_X1xdKIztAj
RkZfbv-dKu2226fOGSxUFkM

Figure 1.2 http://www.flight-mechanic.com/arc-welding-procedures-techniques-and-welding-safety-

equipment-part-two/

1G procedure:

#4. http://www.mig-welding.co.uk/arc-flat-joints.htm

https://weldguru.com/wp-content/uploads/horizontal-welding-bevel.jpg

#5. http://www.weldingtipsandtricks.com

#6. http://gowelding.org/welding-certification

#10. https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/o0atF_uELFwoKIUm4BPKiapu_-
dPTa1AptwwUl5iIEH0yvE3m5OG84hAKIIpgdELWAA9VWfmcw8w5c2-
rPqiyHBUHuhhH1Z9D14Tryik1W2QvTY

#13.https://www.google.com/search?q=http%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fwelding%2Fcomments%2
F2x1fbf%2Fflux_core_i_get_this_weird_defect_occasionally&oq=http%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2F
welding%2Fcomments%2F2x1fbf%2Fflux_core_i_get_this_weird_defect_occasionally&aqs=chrome.
0.69i59j69i58.636j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
2G procedure:

#4. http://www.mig-welding.co.uk/arc-flat-joints.htm

https://weldguru.com/wp-content/uploads/horizontal-welding-bevel.jpg

#5. http://www.weldingtipsandtricks.com

#7. http://www.pinterest.ca/pin/377598749986568043

#9. http://www.weldability-sif.com/media/docs/Intro_MMA_Welding.pdf

#10. http://www.weldability-sif.com/media/docs/Intro_MMA_Welding.pdf

#11. http://www.weldability-sif.com/media/docs/Intro_MMA_Welding.pdf

#13. http://www.weldability-sif.com/media/docs/Intro_MMA_Welding.pdf

#14.https://www.google.com/search?q=http%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fwelding%2Fcomments%2
F2x1fbf%2Fflux_core_i_get_this_weird_defect_occasionally&oq=http%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2F
welding%2Fcomments%2F2x1fbf%2Fflux_core_i_get_this_weird_defect_occasionally&aqs=chrome.
0.69i59j69i58.636j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

#16. Own picture

3G procedure:

#4. http://www.mig-welding.co.uk/arc-flat-joints.htm

https://weldguru.com/wp-content/uploads/horizontal-welding-bevel.jpg

#5. http://www.weldingtipsandtricks.com

#7. https://www.saintclairtimes.com/2019/04/08/passing-a-1g-welding-certification-take-a-look-at-
the-best-welding-take-a-look-at-or-is-3g-vertical-simpler/

#9. http://www.weldguru.com/smaw-tips-techniques/

#10. http://www.weldguru.com/smaw-tips-techniques/

#11. http://www.weldguru.com/smaw-tips-techniques/

#14. Own picture

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net