The DISCIPLINE of

COUNSELING
 1. A person seeing a counselor, a
psychologist, a psychiatrist, or any
mental health practitioner has
mental illness.
MISCONCEPTIONS 2. Counseling means giving advice.
3. Counseling is part of the Discipline
Board.
4. A counselor is a problem-solver.
 A.What are your thoughts about the
activity? How do you feel about it?
B. What symbols, figures, or drawings
best illustrate your thoughts and
feelings about your best experience
AN ENCOUNTER in meeting with your guidance
WITH THE counselor? Why?
GUIDANCE
COUNSELOR C.In what way (s) had your guidance
counselor helped you in dealing with
your problem?
D.What do you like most about your
guidance counselor?
 ▪ Psychotherapy and counseling are
interactions between a
therapist/counselor and one or more
clients/patients. The purpose is to help
the patient/client with problems that may
COUNSELING have aspects that are related to disorders
of thinking, emotional suffering, or
PSYCHOTHERAPY
problems of behavior. Therapists may use
their knowledge of theory of personality
and psychotherapy or counseling to help
the patient/client improve functioning.
The therapist’s approach to helping must
be legally and ethically approved.
 ▪ COUNSELING is suggests to be used in normal
individuals
▪ Educational & informational
▪ Counselors found in the settings as
schools/guidance clinics
▪ Associated w/ educational & to some extend,
social work settings
COUNSELING
PSYCHOTHERAPY ▪ PSYCHOTHERAPY is done to individuals who are
severely disturbed
▪ Facilitative
▪ Psychiatrists work in hospitals
▪ Associated with psychiatrists & medical settings
 ▪ Guidance and counseling is
defined by the law as the “the
profession that involves the use of
an integrated approach to the
RA 9258
Guidance and development of a well-functioning
Counseling Act of individual primarily by helping
2004 him/her to utilize his/her potentials
to the fullest and plan his/her
present and future in accordance
with his/her abilities, interests, and
needs.”
 ▪ Counseling is regarded as the
HEART of guidance services,
accomplished through a
As a therapeutic relationship between
professional the counselor and the counselee.
counselor ▪ Counseling is a dynamic process
that involves the collaboration of
the counselor and the counselee.
 ▪ COUNSELING (Nystul, 2011) is
essentially both an art and a science
▪ A counselor is like an artist who can
ART & be flexible and creative with how
SCIENCE of he/she can reach and relate with
COUNSELING his/her client.
▪ Counseling is a science as it practices
objectivity and proper methodological
process.
 ▪ Paula’s story: coming to terms with
trauma
▪ Paula had been driving her car. Her friend,
Marian, was a passenger. Without any
warning they were hit by another vehicle, the
car spun down the road, and Paula thought
‘this is it’. Following this frightening event,
Stories of Paula experienced intense flashbacks to the
counselling incident. She had nightmares which disturbed
her sleep. She became irritable and
hypervigilant, always on the alert. She
became increasingly detached from her
family and friends, and stopped using her car.
Paula worked hard at trying to forget the
accident, but without success.
▪ When she went to see a counsellor, Paula
was given some questionnaires to fill in, and
he gave her a homework sheet that asked
her to write about the incident for ten
minutes each day at a fixed time. In the next
counselling session, she was asked to dictate
an account of the event into a tape recorder,
speaking in the first person as if it was
happening now. She was told to play the
trauma tape over and over again, at home,
until she got bored with it. In session 3, the
counsellor suggested a way of dealing with
her bad dreams, by turning the accident into
an imaginary game between two cartoon
characters.
▪ In session 4 she was invited to remember
her positive, pre-accident memories. She
was given advice on starting to drive her car
again, beginning with a short five-minute
drive, then gradually increasing the time
behind the wheel. Throughout all this, her
counsellor listened carefully to what she had
to say, treated her with great respect and was
very positive about her prospects for
improvement. After nine sessions her
symptoms of posttraumatic stress had almost
entirely disappeared, and she was able to
live her life as before.
 ▪ Myra Grierson has written a moving and honest
account of a time in her life when she was trapped
in a deep depression: all I knew in that far-off time
was a need to go back to some forgotten safe place
which I sensed had once existed but had no
tangible existence that I could identify. At first I
Myra’s story: tried to reach it by withdrawing from the world
being depressed physically and emotionally. I gave up speech and
nourishment. I shadowed on the edge of the deep
pit of black despair which threatened to swallow
me. I flirted with that dark place which vibrated
with message, promises of oblivion and an ending
to my pain
 ▪ s a nightmare of numbness, occasionally
punctuated by personal loss, depression,
hospitalisation and a deep sense of being
lost and isolation. I fitted in nowhere and
found it hard to live in the world. (Grierson
Myra’s story: 1990: 28–9)
being depressed She describes a counsellor who met with her
over many sessions, and how her relationship
with this person enabled her to have a sense
of being accepted and to believe that she
was a powerful, worthwhile person in her
own right.
 ▪ Laura Allen consulted two counsellors.
The first counsellor was a man who sat
on a chair that was higher than the one
she was directed to (‘he would always
be the superior one who had to be
Laura’s story: “looked up to” ’). He was ‘Dr Parker’,
finding the right and refused to disclose his first name.
counsellor Throughout their sessions, he made
little or no response to her distress and
pain. Eventually, he suggested that she
might be admitted to a psychiatric
hospital. She swore at him and stormed
out of the office.
 ▪ Her second counsellor was a woman
who was warm, reassuring and
motherly, but who avoided any difficult
feelings or tears. After a couple of
Laura’s story: sessions, Laura found that she had
finding the right started to protect her counsellor by
counsellor not saying anything that might
embarrass her. This counsellor was
kind and gentle, but ‘nothing much
reallyhappened’. These experiences
are recounted in Allen (1990).
▪ The case vignettes presented
above give some brief examples of
what can happen when someone
goes to see a counsellor. But what is
counselling? What are the ideas and
principles that link together the
very different experiences of these
counselling clients? How can we
understand and define counselling?

These are some definitions
of ‘counselling’ formulated
by professional bodies and
leading figures in the field:
▪ (BAC 1984)
▪ The term ‘counselling’ includes
work with individuals and with
relationships which may be
developmental, crisis support,
psychotherapeutic, guiding or
problem solving . . . The task of
counselling is to give the ‘client’ an
opportunity to explore, discover
and clarify ways of living more
satisfyingly and resourcefully.
▪ Counselling denotes a professional
relationship between a trained counsellor
and a client. This relationship is usually
person-to-person, although it may
sometimes involve more than two people.
It is designed to help clients to
understand and clarify their views of their
lifespace, and to learn to reach their self-
determined goals through meaningful,
well-informed choices and through
resolution of problems of an emotional or
interpersonal nature.
▪ (Burks and Stefflre 1979: 14)
GOALS/AIMS OF
COUNSELING
 ▪ Plan and work in a constructive
manner in attaining life success;
▪ Learn, anticipate & react positively
to issues brought about the
GOALS OF developmental changes
COUNSELING
Kotler & Shepard ▪ Express their uniqueness in diverse
(2007) circumstances through socially
accepted integration of their
thoughts, feelings and actions;
 ▪ Respond with resilience to
stress & be able to buffer
themselves from its negative
GOALS OF impact on their functioning
COUNSELING ▪ Develop effective skills in
Kotler & Shepard
(2007) relating with others in order to
enhance abilities in
establishing harmonious
relationships.
 ▪Increase awareness of the self
by identifying their strengths &
weaknesses
▪Become mindful of the realities
GOALS OF
COUNSELING of life and be able to apply
Kotler & Shepard effective principles of coping
(2007) and adjusting to the different
experiences they encounter in
life;
 ▪Learn to seek for more
options or choices to be
GOALS OF
well-informed before
COUNSELING making a decision;
Kotler & Shepard
(2007) ▪Achieve autonomy from
counseling as they have
learned life skills
 ▪ • Insight. The acquisition of an
understanding of the origins and
development of emotional difficulties,
leading to an increased capacity to
take rational control over feelings and
actions (Freud: ‘where id was, shall ego
AIMS OF be’).
COUNSELING
▪ • Relating with others. Becoming better
able to form and maintain meaningful
and satisfying relationships with other
people: for example, within the family
or workplace.
 ▪ • Self-awareness. Becoming more
aware of thoughts and feelings that
had been blocked off or denied, or
developing a more accurate sense of
how self is perceived by others.
AIMS OF
COUNSELING ▪ • Self-acceptance. The development
of a positive attitude towards self,
markedby an ability to acknowledge
areas of experience that had been
the subject ofself-criticism and
rejection.
 ▪Self-actualization or
individuation. Moving in the
direction of fulfilling potential
or achieving an integration of
AIMS OF previously conflicting parts of
COUNSELING self.
▪• Enlightenment. Assisting the
client to arrive at a higher
state of spiritual awakening.
 ▪ • Problem-solving. Finding a
solution to a specific problem
that the client had not been able
to resolve alone. Acquiring a
general competence in
AIMS OF problem-solving.
COUNSELING
▪ • Psychological education.
Enabling the client to acquire
ideas and techniques with which
to understand and control
behaviour.
 ▪ Acquisition of social skills. Learning
and mastering social and
interpersonal skills such as
maintenance of eye contact, turn-
taking in conversations,
assertiveness or anger control.
AIMS OF
COUNSELING ▪ Cognitive change. The modification
or replacement of irrational beliefs
or maladaptive thought patterns
associated with self-destructive
behaviour.
 ▪• Behaviour change. The
modification or
replacement of maladaptive
or selfdestructive patterns
AIMS OF of behaviour.
COUNSELING
▪• Systemic change.
Introducing change into the
way in that social systems
(e.g. families) operate.
 ▪ Empowerment. Working on skills,
awareness and knowledge that will
enable the client to take control of his or
her own life.
▪ • Restitution. Helping the client to make
amends for previous destructive
AIMS OF behaviour.
COUNSELING ▪ • Generativity and social action. Inspiring
in the person a desire and capacity to
care for others and pass on knowledge
(generativity) and to contribute to the
collective good through political
engagement and community work
IMPORTANCE OF
COUNSELING
▪ When you seek and accept an opportunity to
consult a counselor, you gain an experience to
practice resiliency and learn to aim for emotional
growth. With a constructive perspective and
reflective understanding of yourself—your
weaknesses and strengths, correct and incorrect
responses, and misaligned understanding of your
situations—you earn a broader perspective and
understanding of your situations. Given this
disposition, you are able to examine well the
interplaying factors that affect your view of
yourself and the way you deal with the people
involved in your concerns.
 an ounce of ▪Counseling programs
prevention is aim to provide
worth a pound of
cure preventive measures
 NATURE AND
SCOPE OF
COUNSELING

Personal problems & concerns may affect your daily performance, relationships and
well being. As early as now, it will be helpful for you to gain an understanding of how
you look at your problems and concerns, and examine how they affect the various
aspect of your life.
 ▪ ACADEMIC DIFFICULTIES
▪ PERSONAL CONCERNS
GENERAL ▪ SOCIAL CONCERNS
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
PROBLEMS AND
▪ EMOTIONAL DIFFICULTIES
REASONS WHY CLIENTS ▪ PSYCHOLOGICAL
NEED TO CONSULT
COUNSELORS CHALLENGES
▪ FAMILY PROBLEMS
▪ CAREER-RELATED CONCERNS
 ▪ COUNSELING focuses on the
assistance of individuals of all
ages in all stages of
development, assuring that the
client will be able to make
Prevention & decisions in life and find
Goal Orientation meaning, purpose, and
(Gladding, 2013)
actualization in what they do.
Thus, counseling promotes
personal growth of clientele and
anticipates problems for
prevention.
 ▪ Do not give advice
▪ Objectively evaluate your situation,
views, and responses
▪ Collaborate with the client in
Principles identifying possible solutions to the
client’s problems
of Effective ▪ Degree of respect, motivation and
Counseling encouragement
▪ Empathize
▪ Unconditional regard
▪ Principle of privacy
 1. Each person is, in essence, naturally pure
and good.
2. The primary role of a counselor is to give
support so that the client will be able to
attain autonomy.
CORE 3. The essential values that will compel and
sustain you in doing this work are love
VALUES OF and compassion.
COUNSELING 4. An effective counselor finds the job’s
intrinsic rewards more interesting that
extrinsic ones.
5. Deal with life through an attitude of
gratitude and forgiveness.
1. To see the inherent goodness or beauty of
the person even in the presence of negative
behaviors.
2. Believe in the capacity to make positive
changes by taking full responsibility of
themselves.
3. To be an effective counselor, you must have a
BIG HEART because as a guidance
counselor, you should learn to prioritize the
needs of your clients. show genuine concern
on their problems or needs. A loving
counselor is eager to listen and
demonstrates personal and warm
acceptance of the client.