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OUTLINE

TOPIC 2  5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 What Is Foundation
5.1.2 Classification Of Foundation
5.1.3 Selection Of Foundation Type
BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

 5.2 Design Of Shallow Foundation

5.2.1 Design Criteria
5.2.2 Mode Of Shear Failure
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5.2.3 Definition Of Bearing Capacity
5.2.4 Terzaghi’s Equation
5.2.5 Effect Of Ground Water
5.2.6 Bearing Capacity Using SPT Test

INTRODUCTION
Outline (2) What Is Foundation?

 5.3 Design Of Deep Foundation
5.3.1
5 3 1 Types & Application
5.3.2 Classification Of Pile Foundation Based
On Method Of Installation.
 An interface element used to transfer load from
superstructure to underlying soil or rock
Where will the loading go? 
Superstructure

5.3.3 Static Pile Capacity Equation

5.3.4 Dynamic Pile Formulae
5.3.5 Supervision
S i i Of Pil
Pile D
Driving
i i Foundation Soil

5.3.6 Pile Load Test

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Classification Of Foundation What Type Of Foundation Are These

D/B < 1
D/B > 4

D
D

How about this? Examples Of Shallow Foundation (1)

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Examples Of Shallow Foundation (2) Selection Of Foundation Type

 Location & type of structure

 Service load
 Ground condition
 Construction cost
 Environmental constant

DESIGN OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION

Design Criteria Of Shallow Foundation Modes Of Shear Failure (1)

 General Shear Failure  Local Shear Failure

 Adequate depth
 sudden failure
 Prevent any adverse affect due to changes in surface condition
 Severe tilting lead to final
collapse on one side
 Limiting settlement  Dense sand or OC clay of
 Governs functional performance of the building low compressibility
 Significant settlement
 Adjacent bulging with
little tilting
 Highly compressible clay
& silts
 Settlement as main design

 Factor safety (F.O.S.) against shear failure criteria

 F.O.S. = soil shear strength/ max. mobilized shear stress

 F.O.S. > 2.5 or 3.0

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Modes Of Shear Failure (2) Definition Of Bearing Capacity (1)

 Punching Shear Failure  Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qf/qu)

 Significant settlement  Intensity of bearing pressure at which the supporting ground

 No bulging is expected to fail in shear.

 Drag down

 Weak compressible soil  Net Bearing Pressure (qu)

 The net change in total stress experienced by the soil at the
base of the foundation
 qna = qa – σσ’
 qnf = qf – σ’

Definition Of Bearing Capacity (2) Terzaghi’s Equation

 Factor of Safety (F) Raft : q f  cN c   N q  1 2 BN

qnf qf  ' 1 3cN c   N q  0.3

Circular : q f  1.3 0 3 BN
F  Square : q f  1.3cN c   N q  0.4 BN
qna qa   '
Re c tan gular : q f  cN c 1  0.3 B L    N q  0.5 BN 1  0.2 B L 
 Allowable Bearing Capacity (qa)
 Bearing pressure that will cause either undrained or drained
N c , N q , N  Bearing Capacity Factors
settlement or creep equal to a specific tolerable design limit

qa 
qnf
 ' qnf  q f  
F

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Table 5.1 : Bearing Capacity Factors Effect Of Ground Water

Example 5.1 Example 5.2

A shallow strip footing of breadth of 2.5 m founded at  A square footing of 4.2 m width is founded at depth
depth of 2 m in soil with cc’ = 12 kN/m2, Ø’
Ø = 30°
30 and γ of 2 m in soil with Ø’ = 3
32°,, γd = 17
7 kN/m
/ 3 and γsat =
= 19 kN/m3. 20 kN/m . 3

 Determine the ultimate bearing capacity if:

Determine the safe load applying a factor of safety of
 The water table is way low below the base
3.0.  The water table is at the base

 Determine the net ultimate bearing capacity if:

 The water table is 0.5 m below the ground surface
 The water table is at ground surface