GETTING FOODS TO CELL

Objectives

01: define nutrition

02: know the process of digestion

03: trace the pathway of food from mouth through anus

04: know how nutrients get into our cell

Cell

The smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the
body.

Nutrition

Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.
It provides organisms with nutrients, which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical
structures.

Nutrients

Chemical substances found in every living thing on Earth. They are necessary to the lives of people,
plants, animals, and all other organisms. Nutrients help break down food to give organisms energy.

Example

•Carbohydrates

•Fats

•Protein

•Vitamins

•Minerals etc

Digestion

Digestion is the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients, which the body uses for
energy, growth and cell repair needed to survive. The digestion process also involves creating waste to
be eliminated.

MOUTH

•mouth, also called oral cavity or buccal cavity, in human anatomy, orifice through which food and air
enter the body.
SALIVARY GLANDS

• A gland in the mouth that

produces saliva.

ESOPHAGUS

•The muscular tube through which

food passes from the throat to the
stomach.

STOMACH

•a muscular organ that digests

food. It is part of your
gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

PANCREAS

•Your pancreas creates natural

juices called pancreatic enzymes to
break down foods

LARGE INTESTINE

•The large intestine includes the

colon, rectum and anus. It’s all one,
long tube that continues from the
small intestine as food nears the
end of its journey through your
digestive system. The large intestine
turns food waste into stool and
passes it from the body when you
poop.

SMALL INTESTINE

•The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It helps to further digest food
coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and
water from food so they can be used by the body. The small intestine is part of the digestive system.

LIVER

•a large organ in the abdomen that performs many important bodily functions, including blood filtering.
It is also considered a gland because it makes chemicals the body needs.

GALLBLADDER

•a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver. The gallbladder
holds a digestive fluid called bile that’s released into your small intestine
APPENDIX

• a thin tube that is joined to the large intestine. It sits in the lower right part of your belly (abdomen).
When you are a young child, your appendix is a working part of your immune system, which helps your
body to fight disease.

RECTUM

•is the end part of the large intestine that connects the colon to the anus. It is the area where a person
holds stool before excreting it from the body.

ANUS

•the opening at the far end of the digestive tract through which stool leaves the body. The anus is
formed partly from the surface layers of the body, including the skin, and partly from the intestine. The
anus is lined with a continuation of the external skin.

TYPES OF DIGESTION

How nutrients delivered into cell

Proteins embedded in the cellular membrane act as ushers. They help carry nutrients from the
bloodstream into the cell. Glucose, amino acids, fats, and vitamins use carrier proteins to get inside cells.
Once through the membrane, nutrients play many important roles.

How nutrients gets into our cell

The digestive system converts the foods we eat into their simplest forms, like glucose (sugars), amino
acids (that make up protein) or fatty acids (that make up fats). The broken-down food is then absorbed
into the bloodstream from the small intestine and the nutrients are carried to each cell in the body.