12/11/22, 8:22 PM Vectors

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Vector
 

8.1  Vector
 
■ Vector quantity is any quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction.
 
■ Scalar quantity is a quantity that has magnitude but no direction.
 
■ A vector is usually represented by a directed line segment drawn as an arrow.

The length of the line represents the magnitude or the size of the vector and the arrow indicates the direction of the vector.

 
■ A vector from an initial point A to a terminal point B can be written as AB ,  a, AB , or a. ​

 
■ Vector −AB  represents a vector in the opposite direction as AB , that is BA = −AB .
 
■ Two vectors are equal if and only if both the vectors have the same magnitude and direction.
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12/11/22, 8:22 PM Vectors

 
■ A zero vector 0 has magnitude zero and its direction cannot be determined.
​

 
■ The vector a multiplied by the scalar k is also a vector and is written as k a where
​ ​

(i) ∣∣ka∣∣
​ ​ ​ = k ∣∣ka∣∣
​ ​ ​

(ii) if k > 0, then k a has the same direction as a.

​ ​

(iii) if k < 0, then k a has the opposite direction as a.

​ ​

 
■ Vector a and b are parallel if and only if a = k a where k is a constant.
​ ​ ​ ​

 
Example 1:

Given the vector m. ​

 
Express the vector below in term of m. ​

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12/11/22, 8:22 PM Vectors

 
Solution:

Based on the given diagram,

the vector has twice the magnitude of the vector m and also due in same direction with vector m.
​ ​

 
Hence, the vector in term of m is ​

2m ​

 
Example 2:

Given a pair of vector.

Determine whether the pair of vector is parallel or not.

 
1
EF = r
3
​ ​

F G = 9r ​

 
Solution: 
 
Vector a and b are parallel if and only if a
​ ​ ​ = k b where k  is a constant.
​

 
1
EF = r,
3
​ ​

Then,

r = 3EF .
​

 
Hence,
 

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12/11/22, 8:22 PM Vectors

F G = 9(3EF )
​ ​

= 27EF .
 
∴ EF  and F G are parallel.

 
 
 

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