Bangunan Hemat Energi

UTS - solar radiation, lighting

Arsitektur dan Sustainabilitas
Viata Viriezky
2106662945
Sustainable building

“Sustainable” fulfilling needs of present without EconomyEnviroment

comprimising tomorrow’s needs of future
generation (WCED, 1987)
Social
Life cycle
Extraction Manufacturing

place for activities and protection from Functional,

Buldings
weather or disasters Comfort End of Construc
life tion
The built environment sector responsible
Energy,
for almost 40% of energy related carbon Use
emission, waste (Yates &
emissions globally (ARUP, 2020) Lacouture, 2016)

Operational energy
Lighting Thermal

Sun (light spectrum, Sunpath, Sky condition (DNI

External
reflection, refraction), & DHI), Iklim, Temperature,
photometric, sky condition moisture

Eyes, visual field views, Air temperature, surface

(JICA, 2009)
Internal glare, discomfort, disability, temperature, air movement,
metabolic rate, clothing

Orientation, fenestrations, Orientation, fenestrations,

Physical Comfort Energy
materials & glazings materials & glazings
Sustainable building

Comfort Energy

● Illuminance standard (SNI 6197 2020) ● Lamp density (SNI 6197 2020)

Natural light utilization

(Boubekri, 2008)

Fenestrations Photovoltaic

Parameters
● Building users Indoor illuminance SNI 6197 2020
● Natural ventilations orientation (windows placing &
Lamp density max. 4,84 Watt/m2
percentage–min. 24% (Sangrula & Uprety, 2020)
● Risk of glare and heat increases; >1000 lux (Lee H, Low risk of glare & heat <1000 lux
2020; Rea, 1982) increase

Natural vent. orientation north-south, WWR min

24% max 40%

PV use potential
Study case location & Orientation
one story house residential complex
(1-2 stories houses)
Kancil Putih Pulau Street, Demang Lebar Daun, green open space
Palembang City, (Coordinate: 2.98°S 104.72°E)

Northeast

Northwest

Southeast
Southwest
U

Pict: GoogleEarth Pro 8

green open space one story house

green open
3 stories house space
 Modelling Input
● Location and site settings in Autodesk Revit ● True north view of the model
Study case Building Information
Building area
Function : Private house
Year built :2006
Floors :ground floor & rooftop
Total land area : 572,4 m2
Built area :318 m2

Households
4 people (Parents, daughter, son)

Siteplan Floor plan

Building materials
Walls : clay brick with plaster
and paint finish +6.60

Floors : Concrete slab with

ceramic tile finish ROOF
TOP
+3.40 +3.40
Roofs :Gable roof with ceramic +4.00
BATHROO
tiles finish
BATHROO MASTER
LAUNDRY M2
M3 BATHROO
AREA
MULTIPURPOSE M
GARDEN ROOM
FAMILY LIVING

Doors : Wood swing doors

ROOM

Windows : transparent glass with -0.60 Section

wooden frames
 Modelling Input
● Level 01 plan view
 Modelling Input
● Section 1 view ● Rooftop plan view

● Section 2 view ● 3D View

 Modelling Input
Roof

● Materials input

Walls

Floors
 Modelling Input
● Openings ● Windows ● Doors

Frame: Frame:
wood wood
Glazing: Panel:
6mm wood
clear
glass

● small Ventilation

Frame:
wood
Glazing:
U 6mm
clear
: Doors glass
:Windows
: small Ventilation
Study case Building Information

Existing Artificial lights Pendant LED Bulb 9 Watt light House’s electric bill per
month:
Power : 9 Watt ±Rp4000000,-
Voltase : 220 - 240 V
Efficacy : 105 lm/watt
Lumen : 900 lm
CRI : 70
Color temperature: 3000 K - white
Lifetime use: 8000 hours
https://www.lighting.philips.co.id/

Pendant LED Bulb 5 Watt light

Power : 5 Watt
Voltase : 220 - 240 V
Efficacy : 92 lm/watt
Lumen : 460 lm
CRI : 70
Color temperature: 3000 K - white
Lifetime use: 8000 hours
https://www.lighting.philips.co.id/
: Pendant LED Bulb 9 Watt light

: Pendant LED Bulb 5 Watt light

+3,00
 Modelling Input
● Lamp appliance in floor plan view ● Lamp properties setting
LED bulbs 9 W

LED bulbs 5 W
● Lamp appliance in section view
 Modelling Input Results & Analysis

● Solar study setting ● DHI & DNI of Lighting analysis

Solar Study
summer solstice
21 Dec 2020
● One year sun path

winter solstice

21 Jun 2020

The house overall receives a lot of sun lights over the

year without being blocked by other buildings’
shadows. Thus, it has great potential to utilize
natural light for lighting and energy converse.
Solar Study
● Costum Solar analysis - cumulative insolation

Cumulative insolation simulation result shows some of the most potential areas to place photovoltaics. The
roof built on the highest place receives the highest solar exposure. The flat deck above carport also
receives high solar exposure, while for the largest gable roof has highest solar exposure on the north areas.
Solar Study
● Costum Solar analysis - peak insolation

sss
 Solar Study
Solar energy annual PV analysis
● attempt 1 ● attempt 2

PV position on
attempt 2 can
produce higher
energy, saving up
to 142% energy
 Illuminance Study
LEED 2009 Daylighting analysis
● Lighting sDA Annual hours

Daylighting illuminance analysis result of the house quite varies. Rooms located near the
street or as the front view of the house receives more balanced natural lights than the other
rooms. It is because most of the windows with shading pats are located there. Whilst rooms
position in the middle receive little to no daylight because most of the fenestrations installed
are solid wood doors and small ventilations. On the contrary, the backyard receives daylight
the most because of skylight.
Illuminance Study
Guests room
● Daylighting illuminance

● Min. illuminance: 22.5 lux

● Max. illuminance: 145 lux
● Standard: 150 lux (average
illu. guests room SNI 6197
2020)
● Users’ testimony: already
quite decent

Daylighting illuminance simulation on the guests room shows

that its natural lighting illuminance doesn’t meet the
standardized requirements. The maximum illuminance is only
up to 145 lux while the standard requires average illuminance
should be 150 lux. However, the users’ testimony said that
the daylighting of guests room is already quite decent and
doesn’t need to be brighter.
Illuminance Study
Guests room
● Artificial lighting illuminance

● Min. illuminance: 12 lux

● Max. illuminance: 96 lux
● Standard: 150 lux (average
illu. guests room SNI 6197
2020)
● Users’ testimony: dark,
should be brighter

Artificial lighting illuminance simulation on the guests room shows

that its lighting is still not adequate for night time use. The maximum
illuminance is only 96 lux whilst the standard of average illuminance
is 150 lux. This difference is in line with the users’ testimony that the
artificial lighting of guests room should be brighter. The dark lighting
is because of the cut of lamp house and pendant lamp type.
Illuminance Study
bedroom + study desk
● Daylighting illuminance
● Min. illuminance: 20 lux
● Max. illuminance: 140 lux
● Standard: 150 lux (average illu.
guests room SNI 6197 2020)
● Users’ testimony: quite dark,
should be brighter

Daylighting illuminance in the bedroom still does not meet the

standard as the maxim illuminance is only up to 140 lux whilst
standard average illuminance is at least 150 lux. However, it is still
considered enough by the user for a bedroom. On another hand, it is
can be be brighter for studying activities.
Illuminance Study
bedroom + study desk
● Artificial lighting illuminance

● Min. illuminance: 11 lux

● Max. illuminance: 130 lux
● Standard: 50 lux (average illu.
bedroom SNI 6197 2020) 350
lux (reading room)
● Users’ testimony: enough for
bedroom function, too dark for
studying

The lighting for bedroom based on the standard is still not adequate.
It can be seen from the color rendering that the scale is around 43.5
lux whilst the standard is minimum 50 lux. However, it is still
considered enough by the user for a bedroom. On another hand, it is
too dark for studying activities.
 Parameter Standard House

Indoor illuminance SNI 6197 2020 The rooms still needs to be brighter, especially at
the night, the artificial lighting is not adequate.
Guests room daylighting (min. illuminance; 22.5
lux, max.ill.; 145 lux)
Guest room artificial lighting (min. illuminance; 12
lux, max. illuminance; 96lux)
Bedroom daylighting (min. illuminance; 20 lux,
max. illuminance; 140 lux)
bedroom artificial lighting

Lamp density max. 4,84 Watt/m2 Guests room = 18 watt/42 m2= 0,45
Bedroom = 5 watt/13 m2= 0,38

Low risk of glare & heat <1000 lux the rooms overall have little risk of glare, except
increase for the backyard.

Natural vent. orientation north-south, WWR min large windows are located on north side. WWR
24% max 40% 14%.

PV use potential with the placement simulated, the house can use
photovoltaics with energy production 40.032
kWH/year and building energy offset 142%
 Conclusion
Utilizing and control how the sun lights received is one of
the way to improve the sustainability of a building. The
sun brings both light and heat delivered to the building
and affect thermal and visual comfort of users, two kinds
of comfort that requires a lot of energy to achieve. The
study case house is considered not sustainable in terms of
lighting. The solar study and annual PV energy simulation
shows that the case study taken has high potential to be
utilized. However, the sun utilization for the study case
house is considered not optimum based on the standards.
There are rooms that receive no natural light, such as
living room and some bedrooms. Guests room and a
bedroom on the north have the most windows installed. It
has been simulated and results in unachieved illuminance
based on the standards. On another hand, daylighting in
guests room based on users’ testimony is already
adequate, whilst the user’s testimony for the bedroom is in
line with the standards. On the contrary with illuminance,
there is little to no risk of glare, except for backyard. Hence
the potential the sun heat brought to the building is also
small.
Recommendation
For the case study, it is recommended to
install PV on the simulated area. The PV
energy can be utilized to increase the
lighting of the house.
For general application, it is recommended
to do building performance simulation at
the design phase as it can help achieving
thermal and lighting comfort of the users
whilst saving energy.
It is also recommended to investigate
further about the comparison between
standard illumination and building users’
perception and determine the mean
difference between standardized
illumination and people’s perception in
reality.
References
Badan Standar Nasional. Standar Nasional Indonesia 6197-2020 about energy conservation in lighting systems. 2020.

Badan Standar Nasional. Standar Nasional Indonesia 6389-2020 about energy conservation of building envelopes in Buildings.

Boubekri, Mohamed. Daylighting, architecture and health, building design strategies. Architectural Press, Elsevier: Oxford; 2008.

J. K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture. (2016). Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction. Taylor & Francis Group: United States.
Lechner, Norbert. Heating, cooling, lighting. New Jersey: Wiley & Sons; 2015.

Lee H. A Basic Study on the Performance evaluation of a movable light shelf with a rolling reflector that can change reflectivity to improve the
visual environment, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228338.

Sangraula, Birat & Uprety, Sanjaya. (2020). Window to Wall ratio for Day lighting in context of apartment building in Kathmandu valley.

The World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford University Press: New York.
The Government of the Province of Jakarta Capital Special Territory. JAKARTA GREEN BUILDING USER GUIDE, VOL. 3 LIGHTING SYSTEM
greenbuilding.jakarta.go.id..