Name: Abdulhakeem Abdurrahman Olamide

Department: Computer Science

Course: Database Design I (Com 312)

Level: HNDI

Matric No: Hcsf/22/0002

Question 1
What is the difference between a file processing system and a database
processing system?

Databases have in many ways evolved to take on the features that are
normally associated with file systems. Modern “document databases” like
Cassandra or MongoDB are essentially like file systems in that they can
store and retrieve relatively large documents (like videos or PDFs).

There are still three essential differences between a file system and a
database.

Firstly and most universally, a file system is more optimized for storing and
retrieving large or massive documents. Whereas a database is optimized for
storing and retrieving relatively small documents.

Secondly, file systems are inherently hierarchical. A file system organizes

information within nesting folders. This creates what is known as a “query
bias” since the user (or program) must traverse an explicit folder path to get
to the document/record in question. Conversely, most databases (and
Relational Databases [RDBMS] in particular) allow child records/documents
to be categorized within an unlimited number of hierarchies. Furthermore
an RDBMS will allow child documents/records sharing the same schema to
be accessed in their entirety without having to traverse a single hierarchy.
This aspect of RDMS is often referred to as ‘normalization’.
Thirdly, Relational Databases (RDBMS) in particular (but no necessarily all
databases) allow organizations to manage information as a separate
concern and to enforce schema integrity. A Relational Database (e.g.
PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, DB2) supports schema integrity.
Specifically, an RDBMS will support:

1. ACID (Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, and Durable) compliant data

modifications
2. Primary Key integrity (uniqueness constraints)
3. Foreign Key integrity (referential constraints)
4. Value domain integrity (missing value [NULL] constraints and check
constraints)
If we put together the second and third points, this leads to a fourth
difference between file systems and [relational] databases. Namely, an
RDBMS allows users to be able to make general assumptions about the
data and apply deductive reasoning (formal logic) to answer questions.

IN RESPECT TO DIAGRAM.
File System : 
The file system is basically a way of arranging the files in a storage medium
like a hard disk. The file system organizes the files and helps in the retrieval
of files when they are required. File systems consist of different files which
are grouped into directories. The directories further contain other folders
and files. The file system performs basic operations like management, file
naming, giving access rules, etc. 

Example: NTFS(New Technology File System), EXT(Extended File System).

File System

DBMS(Database Management System) : 

Database Management System is basically software that manages the
collection of related data. It is used for storing data and retrieving the data
effectively when it is needed. It also provides proper security measures for
protecting the data from unauthorized access. In Database Management
System the data can be fetched by SQL queries and relational algebra. It
also provides mechanisms for data recovery and data backup. 

Example: 

Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL server.

DBMS

Difference between File System and DBMS: 

Basis File System DBMS

The file system is software that

manages and organizes the files in a DBMS is software for
Structure storage medium within a computer. managing the database.
 Basis File System DBMS

Data Redundant data can be present in a In DBMS there is no

Redundancy file system. redundant data.

It provides backup and

Backup and It doesn’t provide backup and recovery of data even if it is
Recovery recovery of data if it is lost. lost.

Query There is no efficient query processing Efficient query processing is

processing in the file system. there in DBMS.

There is more data

There is less data consistency in the consistency because of the
Consistency file system. process of normalization.

It has more complexity in

It is less complex as compared to handling as compared to the
Complexity DBMS. file system.

DBMS has more security

Security File systems provide less security in mechanisms as compared to
Constraints comparison to DBMS. file systems.

It has a comparatively higher

Cost It is less expensive than DBMS. cost than a file system.

Data There is no data independence. In DBMS data independence

 Basis File System DBMS

Independence exists.

Only one user can access data at a Multiple users can access
User Access time. data at a time.

The user has to write procedures for The user not required to write
Meaning managing databases procedures.

Data is distributed in many files. So, Due to centralized nature

Sharing  not easy to share data sharing is easy

Data It give details of storage and It hides the internal details of

Abstraction representation of data Database

Integrity Integrity Constraints are difficult to Integrity constraints are easy

Constraints implement to implement

Example Cobol, C++ Oracle, SQL Server