013.chapter 3

31
CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SUPERSTRUCTURE FOR PROPOSED
BUILDING
3.1. General
The proposed building is two-storeyed residential steel structure building. In
this chapter, the superstructure of the proposed building is analysed and designed with
E-TABS software. Firstly, structural member sizes are assumed and changed
according to the preliminary analysis and design results. Trial and error process is
used when the preliminary design is not satisfactory. Design load combinations for
the structure are chosen manually in this study with a view to the Load and Resistance
Factor Design and Myanmar National Building Code (MNBC-2016). For analysing
structural elements, AISC 360-05 is used. The architectural drawings and the
schedules for the beams and column are described in this chapter.
3.2. Material Properties for Proposed Building

Material properties for structural data are as follows.
Yield strength of reinforcement (fy) = 40 ksi
Compressive strength of concrete (fc') = 3 ksi
Yield strength of structural steel (Fy) = 36 ksi
Ultimate strength of structural steel (Fu) = 58 ksi
Effective Yield Stress (Fye) = 39.6 ksi
Effective Tensile Strength (Fue) = 63.8 ksi
Modulus of elasticity (Es) = 29×106 psi
Modulus of elasticity (Ec) = 3122×103 psi
Poisson’s ratio (Steel) = 0.3
Poisson’s ratio (Concrete) = 0.2
Coefficient of thermal expansion (Concrete) = 6.5×10-6 in/in per degree F
Coefficient of thermal expansion (Steel) = 5.5×10-6 in/in per degree F
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3.3. Strength Reduction Factor for the Design of the Proposed Building
The strength reduction factor (ϕ) in below is used to reduce the strength of the
structural materials according to MNBC-2016. It can affect the safety of the structure.
Some of the ϕ values for the structure are as follows.
Tension for yielding = 0.9
Tension for fracture = 0.75
Compression = 0.75 (for spiral)
= 0.65 (for other reinforced members)
Shear and Torsion = 0.75
Bending = 0.9
3.4. Architectural Drawings and Design Parameters for Calculations

The proposed steel structure building is designed according to MNBC-2016
code for the members. The structure is located in Myeik Region.
For Model
Building location - Myeik Township, Tanintharyi
Structural system - Ordinary moment frame
Occupancy category - II (from Table B.2)
Type of building - Two-storeyed steel structure building
Type of occupancy - Residential
Size of Building - Maximum length = 49 ft
- Maximum width = 34 ft
Shape of Building - Rectangular shape
Height of Building - Base to plinth beam = 7 ft
- Plinth height = 2 ft
- Ground floor height = 12ft
- First floor height = 10ft
- Foundation depth = 5ft (Below N.G.L)
- Overall height = 24 ft (From N.G.L to R.L)
After considering necessary data for modelling, these data are applied in
designing the proposed building by using software. The floor plans are shown in
Figures 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.
The following table shows the sizes of doors and windows used in the
proposed building and details of doors and windows are shown in Figure 3.8.
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Table 3.1. Door and Window Sizes of Proposed Building

Size including chowket
Sr.
Name Symbol Chowket
No Length(L) Height(H)
1 Roller Shutter Door RD 8'-0'' 9'-0'' 5''x2''
2 Door-1 D1 3'-5'' 9'-0'' 5''x2''
3 Door-2 D2 3'-5'' 7'-5 1/2'' 5''x2''
4 Window with two sheet W2 3'-9 1/2'' 6' 5''x2''
5 Window with three sheet W3 5'-7'' 6'-0'' 5''x2''
6 Fanlight F1 2'-0'' 1'-10'' 5''x2''
7 Glass Block GB 5'-0'' 2'-6'' 5''x2''
Figure 3.1. Ground Floor Plan of Proposed Building

34
Figure 3.2. First Floor Plan of Proposed Building
Figure 3.3. Roof Plan of Proposed Building

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Figure 3.4. Front Elevation of Proposed Building
Figure 3.5. Back Elevation of Proposed Building

36
Figure 3.6. Leftt Side Elevation of Proposed Building
Figure 3.7. Right Side Elevation of Proposed Building

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Figure 3.8. Doors and Window Details of Proposed Building
3.5. Structural Framing for the Proposed Building

The very first step to design the structure of proposed building is framing.
Structural framing system is important step to design for any building. The structural
framing for the two-storeyed residential steel structure building defined in E-TABS
software is shown in Figure 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 and 3.14.
38
Figure 3.9. Ground Floor Framing Plan of Proposed Building
Figure 3.10. Plinth Framing Plan of Proposed Building

39
Figure 3.11. First Floor Framing Plan of Proposed Building
Figure 3.12. Roof Framing Plan of Proposed Building

40
Figure 3.13. Three-Dimensional View of Proposed Building
3.6. Load Data Assumptions for the Proposed Building

The considerations of loading data for the proposed building are based on
MNBC-2016.
3.6.1. Dead Loads and Own Weight Considerations

Generally dead load and own-weight are calculated by ETABS software. Only
additional super-dead loads have to be applied. The additional dead loads are assumed
as follows.
1. Unit weight of structural steel = 490 pcf
2. Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 150 pcf
3. Weight of 4.5 inches thick brick wall (plastering on both sides)= 55 psf
4. Weight of glass panel (including chowket) = 25 psf
5. Weight of windows and doors (including chowket) = 25 psf
6. Ceiling weight = 10 psf
7. Finishing load on all floor areas, Stair and Landing = 25 psf
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3.6.2. Live Loads Assumptions

The live loads of the building have to be applied according to the codes. The
live loads applied in this building are as follows.
1. Live load on stair case = 100 psf
2. Live load on bed room and verandah = 40 psf
3. Live load on living room = 60 psf
4. Live load on passage = 60 psf
5. Live load on shrine = 60 psf
6. Live load on roof = 20 psf
7. Live load on landing = 100 psf
8. Live load Bath & W.C = 40 psf
3.6.3. Wind Loads Assumptions
The wind load considerations of the proposed building location (Myeik) are
based on the MNBC-2016. The wind load data for the proposed building are as
follows.
1. Exposure type = B (Urban and suburban area)
2. Windward coefficient = 0.8 (from Table B.11)
3. Leeward coefficient = 0.5 (from Table B.11)
4. Basic wind velocity = 90 mph (From Table B.4)
5. Important factor = 1 (from Table B.12)
6. Topographical factor, Kzt =1
7. Gust factor = 0.85
8. Directionality factor, Kd = 0.85
9. Case =1
10. e1, e2 =0
3.6.4. Earthquake Load Assumptions
The proposed location is in Myeik. The required data for consideration of
seismic loadings are based on MNBC-2016.
1 Soil profile type = SD (insufficient geotechnical details)
2 Building period coefficient, Ct = 0.028 (Steel moment-resisting frame)
3 Building period coefficient, x = 0.8 (from Table B.9)
4 Respond modification factor, R =3.5(OMRF) (from Table B.6)
5. Occupancy coefficient, I = 1 (from Table B.3)
6. 0.2 sec spectral Accel, Ss = 0.25 (from Table B.4)
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7. 0.2 sec spectral Accel, S1 = 0.10 (from Table B.4)

8. Long-period transition period = 6 sec
9. Site class = D (from Table B.5)
Using the above loading data, there are (22) load combinations to be used to
design the super-structure of the proposed building.
3.7. Load Calculation for Walling

Procedures for calculation of wall loads are described in the following.
Wall area = Span length × Height Opening area = Length × Height
Percentage of opening = (Opening Area/Wall Area) ×100%
Percentage of wall = 100% - Percentage of opening
Total loading = (opening area × 25 × opening Percentage)
+ (wallarea×55×wall Percentage)
The following table shows opening area of all windows and doors required for
calculation of wall loads for the purposed building.
Table 3.2. Opening Areas of Windows and Doors
Sr No Windows and Doors Opening Area (sqft)
2 W2 (3'-9 ½'' x 6') 22.752

3 W3 (5'-7'' x 6') 33.498
4 GB (5' x 2'-6'') 12.5
5 D1 (3'5'' x 9') 30.483
6 D2 (3'5'' x 7'-2 ½'') 24.72
7 D3 (3'5'' x 7') 23.989
8 MD (8' x 9') 72
9 F1 (2' x 1'-10'') 3.666
10 Roller Shutter Door (8' x 9'') 72
For Ground Floor

2-3, For 11 ft span with Roller Shutter Door,
Wall Area = 11  (12 – 0.7) = 124.3 sq ft
Opening Area = 8 9 = 72 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (72 124.3)  100 % = 58%
Percentage of Wall = 42%
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Net loading = (0.58  25  9) + (0.42  55  11.3)

= 391.5 lb/ft
4-5 ,For 12 ft span with W3,
Wall Area = 12  (12-0.7) = 135.6 sq ft
Opening Area = 5.6  6 = 33.6 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (33.6 135.6)  100 % = 25 %
Net loading = (0.25  25  6) + (0.75  55  11.3)
= 503.6 lb/ft
C-D, For 13 ft span with W2+F1,
Wall Area = 13  (12-0.7) = 146.9 sq ft
Opening Area = 5.8  7.83 = 45.414 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (45.414 146.9)  100 % =31%
Net loading = (0.31  25  7.83) + (0.69  55  11.3)
= 489.5lb/ft
B-C, For 9 ft span with F1+F1,
Wall Area = 9  (12-0.7) = 101.7 sq ft
Opening Area = 2(1.83  2) = 7.32 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (7.32 101.7)  100 % = 8%
Net loading = (0.08  25  2) + (0.92  55  11.3)
= 575.8 lb/ft
A-B, For 12 ft span with W2,
Wall Area = 12  (12-0.7) = 135.6 sq ft
Net loading = (0.17  25  6) + (0.83  55  11.3)
= 541.4 lb/ft
4-5, For 10 ft span with W2,
Wall Area = 10  (12-0.7) = 1113 sq ft
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Percentage of Opening = (22.8 113)  100 % = 20%

Net loading = (0.2  25  6) + (0.8  55  11.3)
= 527.2 lb/ft
Wall Area = 11  (12-0.7) = 124.3 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (22.8 124.3)   100 % = 18.3%
Percentage of Wall = 81.7%
Net loading = (0.183  25  6) + (0.817  55  11.3)
= 535.2 lb/ft
A-B, For 12 ft span with W2+D1,
Wall Area = 12  (12-0.7) = 135.6 sq ft
Net loading = (0.81  25  15) + (0.19  55  11.3)
= 421.8 lb/ft
C-D, For 13 ft span with W3,
Wall Area = 13  (12-0.7) = 146.9 sq ft
Net loading = (0.23  25  6) + (0.77  55  11.3)
= 513 lb/ft
A-B, For 12 ft span with D2,
Wall Area = 12  (12-0.7) = 135.6 sq ft
Net loading = (0.18  25  7) + (0.82  55  11.3)
= 541 lb/ft
B-C, For 9 ft span with D2,
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Wall Area = 9  (12-0.7) = 101.7 sq ft

Net loading = (0.23  25  7) + (0.77  55  11.3)
= 519 lb/ft
C-D, For 13 ft span with D2,
Wall Area = 13  (12-0.7) = 146.9 sq ft
Net loading = (0.16  25  7) + (0.84  55  11.3)
= 550 lb/ft
3-4, For 11 ft span with D1,
Wall Area = 11  (12-0.7) = 124.3 sq ft
Net loading = (0.25  25  9) + (0.75  55  11.3)
= 522.4 lb/ft
B-C For 9ft span with GB,
Wall Area = 9  (6-0.7) = 47.7 sq ft
Opening Area = 5  2.5 = 12.5 sq ft
Net loading = (0.26  25  2.5) + (0.74  55  5.3)
= 232 lb/ft
For wall without opening = 55  (12-0.7) = 621.5 lb/ft
For wall without opening = 55  3 = 165 lb/ft
For First Floor

2-3, For 11 ft span with D2,
Wall Area = 11  (10 – 0.7) = 124.3 sq ft
46

Net loading = (0.23  25  7) + (0.77  55  9.3)
= 434 lb/ft
Wall Area = 12  (10-0.7) = 111.6 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (33.6 111.6)  100 % = 30 %
Net loading = (0.3  25  6) + (0.7  55  9.3)
= 403.1 lb/ft
C-D, For 13 ft span with W3,
Wall Area = 13  (10-0.7) = 120.9 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (33.6 120.9)  100 % =28%
Net loading = (0.28  25  6) + (0.72  55  9.3)
= 410.3 lb/ft
B-C, For 9 ft span with F1+F1,
Wall Area = 9  (10-0.7) = 83.7 sq ft
Opening Area = 2(1.83  2) = 7.32 sq ft
Net loading = (0.09  25  2) + (0.91  55  9.3)
= 470 lb/ft
A-B, For 12 ft span with W2,
Wall Area = 12  (10-0.7) = 111.6 sq ft
Net loading = (0.2  25  6) + (0.8  55  9.3)
= 439.2 lb/ft
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4-5 For 10 ft span with W2,

Wall Area = 10  (10-0.7) = 93 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (22.8 93)  100 % = 25 %
Net loading = (0.25  25  6) + (0.75  55  9.3)
= 421 lb/ft
3-4, For 11 ft span with W2
Wall Area = 11  (10-0.7) = 102.3 sq ft
Percentage of Opening = (22.8 102.3)   100 % = 22.3%
Percentage of Wall = 77.7%
Net loading = (0.223  25  6) + (0.777  55  9.3)
= 431 lb/ft
A-B, For 12 ft span with W2+D1
Wall Area = 12  (10-0.7) = 111.6 sq ft
Net loading = (0.98  25  15) + (0.02  55  9.3)
= 337.7 lb/ft
C-D, For 13 ft span with W3
Wall Area = 13  (10-0.7) = 120.9 sq ft
Net loading = (0.28  25  6) + (0.72  55  9.3)
= 410.3 lb/ft
A-B, For 12 ft span with D2
Wall Area = 12  (10-0.7) = 111.6 sq ft
48

Net loading = (0.21  25  7) + (0.79  55  9.3)
= 441 lb/ft
B-C, For 9 ft span with D2
Wall Area = 9  (10-0.7) = 83.7sq ft
Net loading = (0.28  25  7) + (0.72  55  9.3)
= 417.3 lb/ft
C-D, For 13 ft span with D2
Wall Area = 13  (10-0.7) = 120.9 sq ft
Net loading = (0.2  25  7) + (0.8  55  9.3)
= 444.2 lb/ft
B-C, For 9ft span with GB
Wall Area = 9  (10-0.7) = 83.7 sq ft
Opening Area = 5  2.5 = 12.5 sq ft
Net loading = (0.15  25  2.5) + (0.85  55  9.3)
= 444.2 lb/ft
For wall without opening = 55  (10-0.7)
= 511.5 lb/ft
For wall without opening = 55  3 = 165 lb/ft
Table 3.3. Wall Loads of the Proposed Building
Sr.No Grid Span length Wall Height Opening Net loading
Ground Floor Level
Along grid line D
1 2~3 11' 12' RD 391.5 lb/ft
2 3~4 11' 12' RD 391.5 lb/ft
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Table 3.3. Wall Loads of the Proposed Building (Continued)
3 4~5 12' 12' W3 503.6 lb/ft
Along grid line C
1 2'~2 4' 6' - 291.5 lb/ft
2 2~3 11' 12' - 621.5 lb/ft
3 3~4 11' 12' D1 522.4 lb/ft
4 4~5 12' 12' - 621.5 lb/ft
Along grid line B
1 2'~2 4' 6' - 291.5 lb/ft

2 2~3 11' 12' - 621.5 lb/ft
3 4~5 10' 12' - 621.5 lb/ft
Along grid line A
1 2~3 11' 12' W2 535.2 lb/ft
2 3~4 11' 12' W2 535.2 lb/ft
3 4~5' 10' 12' W2 527.2 lb/ft
Along grid line 2
1 C~D 13' 12' W3 513 lb/ft

2 B~C 9' 6' - 330 lb/ft
3 A~B 12' 12' D1+W2 421.8 lb/ft
Along grid line 4
1 C~D 13' 12' D2 550 lb/ft
2 B~C 9' 12' D2 519 lb/ft
3 A~B 12' 12' D2 541 lb/ft
Along grid line 5'
1 A~B 12' 12' W2 541.4 lb/ft
2 B~C 9' 12' F1+F1 575.8 lb/ft
Along grid line 5
1 C~D 13' 12' W2+F1 489.5 lb/ft
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First Floor Level
Along grid line D
1 2~3 11' 10' D2 434 lb/ft
2 3~4 11' 10' D2 434 lb/ft
3 4~5 12' 10' W3 403.1 lb/ft
Along grid line C
1 2'~2 4' 10' - 511.5 lb/ft
2 2~3 11' 10' - 511.5 lb/ft
3 4~5 12' 10' - 511.5 lb/ft
Along grid line B
1 1~2' 11' 3' - 165 lb/ft
2 2'~2 4' 10' - 511.5 lb/ft
3 2~3 11' 10' - 511.5 lb/ft
4 4~5' 10' 10' - 511.5 lb/ft
Along grid line A
1 1~2 15' 3' - 165 lb/ft
2 2~3 11' 10' W2 431 lb/ft
3 3~4 11' 10' W2 431 lb/ft
4 4~5' 10' 10' W2 421 lb/ft
Along grid line 1
1 A~B 12' 3' - 165 lb/ft
Along grid line 2'
1 B~C 9' 10' GB 444.2 lb/ft
Along grid line 2
1 A~B 12' 10' W2+D1 337.7 lb/ft
2 C~D 13' 10' W3 410.3 lb/ft
3 Verandah 4' 3' - 165 lb/ft
Along grid line 3
1 C~D 13' 10' D2 444.2 lb/ft
Along grid line 4
1 A~B 12' 10' D2 441 lb/ft
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Sr.No Floor Span length Wall Height Opening Net loading
2 B~C 9' 10' D2 417.3 lb/ft
3 C~D 13' 10' D2 444.2 lb/ft
4 Verandah 4' 3' - 165 lb/ft
Along grid line 5'
1 A~B 12' 10' W2 439.2 lb/ft
2 B~C 9' 10' F1+F1 470 lb/ft
Along grid line 5
1 C~D 15' 10' W3 410.3 lb/ft
3.8. Calculations of Ceiling Weight

A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.
It is generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the
underside of the roof structure or the floor of a story above. In additional to static
fictions, they should also meet fire-resisting, sound insulating and heat-insulating
requirements. The unit weight of ceiling is taken as to be 10 lb/ft2. Length of eave
projection is about 2.5 feet.
Ceiling weight of the proposed building can be calculated by the following
equation. It can be calculated by dividing the total area of ceiling of the building by
the total length of the roof beams.
Own weight of ceiling = Total area of ceiling / total length of roof beams
Ceiling Total Area = (39  39) + (14  6.5) + (27  6.5)
= 1787.5 ft2
Unit weight of Ceiling = 10 psf
Own weight of Ceiling = 1787.5 × 10
= 17875 lb
Total length of all roof beams = 2  (32) +6  (34) + 4  (4) + 2  9 + 22
Total length of all roof beams = 324 ft
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17875
Own weight per unit length =
324
= 55 lb/ft
3.9. Design of Shear Connectors for Proposed Building

In the design of composite slabs, there are several types of composite slabs of
the proposed building. For the proposed building, one example of slab is manually
calculated in this chapter. In the design of composite slabs, the weight of metal deck
with 2 in rib height and 3 in rib width for the proposed building is 3 psf. The concrete
cover above the deck, t = 3in and overall slab D = 5 in is chosen in this design. The
plan view of floor slabs is shown in Figure 3.18.
The following design procedures are used to design shear connectors
(1)Check ϕ Mn ≥ Mu (before concrete have not cured)
ωu l2
Mu =
8
ωu = 1.2(concrete slab weight)+1.2(steel beam weight+ metal deck
weight)+1.6(construction live load)
(2)Check ϕ Mn ≥ Mu (After concrete have cured)
ωu = 1.2ωD + 1.6ωL
Asf y
a =
0.85fc ' b E
If a <ts, (Plastic natural axis is within the slab)

Cc = 0.85f ʹcabE
Mn = T d1
d a
= As Fy ( +t– )
2 2
If a >ts , (Plastic natural axis is within the steel member)
Cc = 0.85f ʹcbEt + Fybf tf
d d d
Mn = Mp = 0.85f ʹcbEt ( + ӯ) + Fybf ӯ ( ) + As Fy ( -ӯ)
2 2 2
A s Fy  0.85fc ' b E t
ӯ =
2bf Fy
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(3) Check dead load deflection
5ω D L4 L
Deflection, ∆D = <
384EI 180
ωD = (concrete slab weight + steel beam weight + finishing weight
+ suspended weight) × length of slab

(4) Check live load deflection
5ω D L4 L
∆L.L = <
384EItr 360
ωL = (Live load for bed room) × Length

(5) Check stress in concrete
Mu
Compressive stress in concrete = <0.45fc'
nS t
Service load, ωu = (concrete slab weight + steel beam weight + construction live load
+ Live load + suspended load + finishing load + metal deck load) ×
Length of slab
d
c = yt = ˗ y + t,
2
I tr
St =
yt
(6) Design of Shear Connector

π
Strength of one stud, Qn = 0.5( d s 2 ) f c ' E c
4
π
Strength of one stud, Qn = 0.5( d s 2 )f u b
4
(Greater value is control)
Ec = 1746 f c ' E c
Cc
Number of shear connector, N =
Qn
For entire span, = 2N

Maximum spacing = 8ts
Minimum spacing = 6ds
Use stud height = 4ds
54
Shear Connector
t
D
2"
Figure 3.14. Composite Slab with Metal Deck
bE
0.85bE
a Cc
t
+t–
d Tb
fy
Figure 3.15. Plastic Neutral Axis in the Slab
bE
0.85f′c
t Cc
y Cf1
P.N.A
d Tb
fy fy
Figure 3.16. Plastic Neutral Axis in the Steel Flange

55
bE 0.85f′c
t Cc
Cf1
Cw
Tb
P.N.A
fy fy
Figure 3.17. Plastic Neutral Axis in the Steel Web
Figure 3.18. Slab Layout Plan of Proposed Building

Plan view of slab for calculation is shown in Figure 3.19. The design of
composite slabs is calculated by manual as follow;
56
Figure 3.19. Plan View for Slab, S

Material properties:
For reinforced concrete, fc' = 3ksi
For structural steel, fy = 36 ksi
Steel deck:
Rib height, hr  2 in ( hr ≤ 3", AISC Specification)
Slab thickness, tc  3 in
Loading:
3 1
Weight of concrete =  150 +  150
12 12
= 50 psf
Live load for verandah = 40 psf
Construction live load = 20 psf
Finishing load = 25 psf
Suspended load = 10 psf
Weight of metal deck = 3 psf (WR 18 gage)
Weight of steel beam = 9 lb/ft
Weight of suspended load per unit length = 10  5
= 50 lb/ft
Weight of metal deck per unit length =3  5 = 15 lb/ft
Weight of slab per unit length = 50  5 = 250 lb/ft
Weight of finishing load = 25  5 = 125 lb/ft
Total dead load w dl = 250+50+15+ 9+125 = 449 lb/ft
Total live load w ll = (40+20)  5 = 300 lb/ft

57
For normal weight concrete, Ec = W1.5 f c '
= (145)1.5 3
= 3024.215 ksi
Es
Modular ratio, n =
Ec
29000
=
3024.215
= 9.6 (Take n = 9)
W6×9; A = 2.68 in2, bf = 3.94 in, d = 5.9 in, tf = 0.215 in,

tw = 0.17 in, I = 16.4 in4, Zx = 6.23 in3
Beam weight = 9 lb/ft
bE
0.85f′c
Cc
yt a
d1
T
yb
W6x9
Fy
Figure 3.20.Floor Section for Slab, S
L 12  12
Effective width, bE = = = 36 in (Control)
4 4
bE = bo = 5 ×12 = 60 in
bE 36
Width of equivalent steel = = = 4 in
n 9
Table 3.4. Composite Beam Section Properties
Transformed Moment arm
Element A×y A × y2 I0
Area from centroid
Slab 20 5.45 109 594.05 41.67
W6 x 9 2.68 - - - 16.4
Total 22.68 5.45 109 594.05 58.04

58
Ix = Io + (A  y2) = 58.04 + 594.05= 652.09 in4
=   (Α  y) =
109
ӯ = 4.81 in
Α 22.68
Itr = Ix ˗ Aӯ2 = 652.09 – (22.68 4.812) = 127.36 in4

d 5 .9
yt = ˗ӯ+t= – 4.81 + 5 = 3.14in
2 2
d 5 .9
yb = +ӯ= + 4.81 = 7.76 in
2 2
I tr 127.36
St = = = 40.56 in3
yt 3.14
I tr
Str = = 16.4 in3
yb
(1) Check ϕMn ≥ Mu (before concrete have not cured)
ωu = 1.2(concrete slab weight)+1.2(steel beam weight+ metal deck
weight)+1.6(construction live load)
= 1.2 × 250 + (1.2 × (9+15)) + (1.6 × 100)
= 488.8 lb/ft
ω u l 2 488.8  12
2
Mu = = = 8.798 kip-ft
8 8  1000
Design strength, ϕMn = ϕ FyZx
1
= 0.9 × 36 × 6.23 ×
12
= 16.82 kip-ft >Mu = 8.798 kip-ft (OK)
(2)Check ϕ Mn ≥ Mu (After concrete have cured)
ωu = 1.2ωD + 1.6ωL
= 1.2 × (449) + 1.6 × (300)
= 1018.8 lb/ft
ω u l 2 1018.8  12 2
Moment, Mu = = = 18.34 kip-ft
8 8  1000
Asf y 2.68  36
a = = = 1.1 in < 5 in ( a < ts )
0.85fc ' b E 0.85  3  36
Plastic natural axis is within the slab.

Cc = 0.85f ʹcabE
= 0.85 × 3 × 1.1 ×36 = 100.98 kip
59
d a
Mn = T d1 = As Fy ( +t– )
2 2
5 .9 1 .1
= 2.68 × 36 × ( +5– )
2 2
= 713.952 kip-in
= 59.5 kip-ft
ϕ Mn = 0.85 × 59.5 = 50.57 kip-ft > Mu = 18.34 kip-ft (OK)
(3) Check dead load deflection
ωD = 449 lb/ft
5ω D L4 5  449  12 4  123
Deflection, ∆D = =
384EI 384  29  106  16.4
L 12  12
Deflection, ∆D = 0.44 in < = = 0.8 in (OK)
180 180
(4) Check live load deflection
ωL = (Live load for verandah) × Length
= 40 × 5 = 200 lb/ft
5ω L L4
Deflection, ∆L.L =
384EItr
5  200 124  123

=
384 29  106  127.36
L 12  12
= 0.03 in < = = 0.4 in (OK)
360 360
(5) Check stress in concrete
d 5 .9
yt = ˗y+t= – 4.81 + 5 = 3.14 in
2 2
I tr
St = = 127.36 = 40.56 in3
yt 3.14
Service load, ω dl ll = 449 + 300 lb/ft = 749 lb/ft
ωu l2 749122 12
Moment Mu = = = 161.784kip-in
8 8 1000
Mu 161.784
Compressive stress in concrete= = = 0.44 ksi <0.45 fc'= 0.45 × 3
nS t 9  40.56
=1.35 ksi (OK)

(6) Design of Shear Connector
60
The compressive force that must be carried by the shear connector, Cc

Cc = 100.98 kips (for half span)
π 2
Strength of one stud, Qn = 0.5( d s ) f c ' E c
4
Ec = 3024.16 ksi
Try 3/4" ϕ stud, ds = 0.75
π
Qn = 0.5(  0.752) 3 3024.16
4
= 21.09 kip/stud
π π
Qn = 0.5( d s 2 )f u b = 0.5(  0.752) 58
4 4
Qn = 12.81 kip/stud (Control)
Cc 100.98
Number of shear connector, N = = = 8 No.
Qn 12.81
For entire span, 2N =2 8 = 16 No.

Using uniformed spacing two studs at each location.
L 12  12
Required spacing, P = = = 9 in
N 16
Maximum spacing, 8ts = 8  5 = 40 in > 9 in
Minimum spacing, 6ds =6 0.75 = 4.5 in < 9 in
Use 9 in c/c spacing
Minimum stud height, 4ds =4 0.75 = 3 in
Use stud height = 3.5 in
Use ¾'' Ø stud connectors @ 9'' c/c spacing with two studs at each location.
9 in
3in
3.5in 2in
Figure 3.21. Floor Section for Shear Connector

61
3.10. Design Calculation of Stair for Proposed Building

The waist slab of the stair is assigned as one way behaviour. Stair Cross
section of the building is shown in Figure 3.22.
Fy = 40000 psi
fc' = 3000 psi
Horizontal length of stair = 11 ft
Vertical length of stair = 6 ft
Inclined length of stair = 12.5 ft
Assume riser = 6.5 inches
6 × 12
No of steps = = 11 Nos
6 .5
11× 12
Thread = = 12 inches
11
One end continuous,
L
hmin =
24
12.5
= ×12
24
= 6.25
Thickness of waist slab = 6.5 inch
Horizontal length of stair = 11 ft
Finishing load per unit length = 25 lb/ft
Live load per unit length = 100 lb/ft
1 1
Own-weight of steps = 145  (  12  6.5   1)  11
2 144
= 432 lbs
6.5
Own-weight of waist slab = 150  (12.5  1)
12
= 1015.63 lbs
Total weight of stair = 432 + 1015.63 = 1447.63 lbs
Total weight of stair per unit length = 1447.63 ÷11 = 131.6 lb/ft
The total factored load ( ω ) =1.2DL + 1.6LL
= 1.2 (131.6+25) +1.6 (100)
= 347.9  1000 = 0.35 k/ft
62
ωl 2
Design moment, M 
u 9
0.35  112
  12
9
= 56.47 k-in
According to Appendix Table A.10,
ρ =0.0203
max
 fy 
Mu = ρf y bd 2 1  0.59 ρ 

 f '
c 
0.59  0.0203 40
56.47 = 0.8 0.0203  12  d2 40 (1- )
3
d = 2.94 inches
Therefore, use d = 5.5 inches, h = 6.5 inches
Determining the required steel reinforcement,
(i) For main direction (longer),
2M u
a =d- d2 
0.85    f c ' b
2  56.47
a = 5.5 - 5.5 2  = 0.44 in
0.85  0.8  3  12
Mu
As =
 a
f y  d  
 2
56.47
= = 0.334 in2/ft
 0.44 
0.8  40   5.5  
 2 
200 200
As(min) = bd   12  5.5 = 0.33 in2/ft
f 40000
y
Use 10mmØ @ 4 in c/c (As= 0.365 in2/ft) From Appendix Table A.5.
(ii) For traverse direction (shorter),
As (temp & shrink) = 0.002 bh
= 0.002  12  6
= 0.144 in2/ft
Use 10mmØ @ 8in c/c (As = 0.183 in2/ft ) From Appendix Table A.5
63
Figure 3.22. Stair Cross-section Plan
3.11. Assigning Wall Loads on Frames of Proposed Building

Before a structural model is not analyzed and designed by using ETABs
software, to assign the necessary loading is needed. Dead loads of the structural
members such as own weights are considered by software but live loads, wall loads
and other super dead loads are needed to be assigned. The following Figures 3.23 to
3.33 show assigning the wall loads calculated in Section 3.7 on the structural
members of proposed building.
Figure 3.23. Wall Load on Elevation 1 (lb/ft)

64
Figure 3.24. Wall Load on Elevation 2' (lb/ft)

65

66
Figure 3.28. Wall Load on Elevation 5' (lb/ft)

67
Figure 3.30. Wall Load on Elevation D (lb/ft)
Figure 3.31. Wall Load on Elevation C (lb/ft)

68
Figure 3.32. Wall Load on Elevation B (lb/ft)
Figure 3.33. Wall Load on Elevation A (lb/ft)

69
Figure 3.34. Live Load on First Floor (lb/ft2)
Figure 3.35. Ceiling Load on Roof Beams of Proposed Building (lb/ ft )

70
3.12. Analysis of Superstructure for Proposed Building

After modeling the structure, the associated loads are applied on each
structural element respectively. The required load combinations are assigned
according to MNBC Code. After that, the model is checked to analyze. If errors are
encountered, they have to be corrected before analysis is performed. The load
combinations used to analyze and design the superstructure are as follows.
Table 3.5. Load Combinations
Sr. Load Combination Name in ETABS & SAFE
1 1.4D FACT-1
2 1.4D + 1.6L FACT-2
3 1.2D + 0.8WX FACT-3
4 1.2D – 0.8WX FACT-4

5 1.2D + 0.8WY FACT-5
6 1.2D – 0.8WY FACT-6
7 1.2D + L + 1.6WX FACT-7
8 1.2D + L – 1.6WX FACT-8

9 1.2D + L + 1.6WY FACT-9
10 1.2D + L – 1.6WY FACT-10
11 1.2D + L + EQX FACT-11

12 1.2D + L – EQX FACT-12
13 1.2D + L + EQY FACT-13
14 1.2D + L – EQY FACT-14
15 0.9D + 1.6EQX FACT-15
16 0.9D – 1.6EQX FACT-16
17 0.9D + 1.6EQY FACT-17
18 0.9D – 1.6EQY FACT-18
19 0.9D + EQX FACT-19
20 0.9D – EQX FACT-20
21 0.9D + EQY FACT-21
22 0.9D – EQY FACT-22

71
3.13. Analysis Results of the Superstructure

The analysis results of the proposed building can be extracted from E-TABS
software after analysed the model. It can extract the bending moment diagrams, shear
force diagrams and longitudinal and torsional reinforcing steel. These results are
shown in the following figures.
The required specifications for analysis and design are as follows.
Building type - Ordinary moment resisting frame (OMRF)
Analysis type - Static Analysis
Code of practice - AISC-LRFD 360-05 for steel frames
ACI 318-08 for reinforced concrete design
Restraints at base - Assumed to be hinge-supports.
(Rotations for all axes are neglected)
Figure 3.36. Bending Moment 3-3 Diagram of Elevation D for Dead Load for
Proposed Building (lb-ft)
72
Figure 3.37. Bending Moment 3-3 Diagram of Elevation D for Wall Load for
Figure 3.38. Bending Moment 3-3 Diagram of Elevation D for Live Load for
73
Figure 3.39. Shear Force 2-2 Diagram of Elevation-D for Dead Load of the
Proposed Building (kip)
Figure 3.40. Shear Force 2-2 Diagram of Elevation-D for Wall Load of the

74
Figure 3.41. Shear Force 2-2 Diagram of Elevation-D for Live Load of the
3.14. Trial Design for Frame Members of Proposed Building

Many trial designs are performed to obtain final design for the frame
members. Among them, design results of one trial design, for example, are described
in the following table. The design results of final design are expressed in the next
section.
Table 3.6. Failure Percentage of Trial Design
Beam
Story % of
Size Quantity Failure Failure Mode Failure
P
r  ( M r33  M r22 )  0.95
2P M c33 M c22
c
First Floor W8x10 31 11 35.5
Level &
Deflection Ratio > 1.0
75
Table 3.6. Failure Percentage of Trial Design (Continued)

Beam
Story
% of
Size Quantity Failure Failure Mode Failure
P
r  ( M r33  M r22 )  0.95
2P M c33 M c22
c
W8x13 31 5 & 16.13
First Floor Deflection Ratio > 1.0
Level
W8x15 18   
W8x10 13   
P
r  ( M r33  M r22 )  0.95
W6x9 31 1 2P M c33 M c22 3.23
c
Roof Level
W6x12 31   
3.15. Design Results for Steel Beam and Column Sections of Proposed Building
Column sections are classified with C1 for RC short column, HC1 for steel
column in the proposed building. Typical column sections for the proposed building
are expressed in Table 3.7 and column layout plans for this building are shown in
Figure 3.42 to 3.44.
Table 3.7. Column Sections for Proposed Building
Thickness
Column type
Level from base Size Unit
Flange Web
C1 Plinth (+7ft) 14"×14" - - Inch
HC1 First floor (+19ft) W8×31 0.435 0.285 Inch
HC1 Roof (+29ft) W8×31 0.435 0.285 Inch

76
Figure 3.42. Column Layout Plan (Plinth Level)
Figure 3.43. Column Layout Plan (1st Floor Level)

77
Figure 3.44. Column Layout Plan (Roof Level)
Figure 3.45. Longitudinal Reinforcing Areas of Columns at Elevation-2(in2)

78
Figure 3.46. Longitudinal Reinforcing Areas of Columns at Elevation-3(in2)
Figure 3.47. Rebar Percentages of Columns at Elevation-2

79
Figure 3.48. Rebar Percentages of Columns at Elevation-3
3.16. Design Results for Beam Sections

Beams are designed with B1 for RC beam, HB1, HB2, HB3 and HB4 for steel
beams for the proposed building. The typical beam sections for this building are
indicated in Table 3.8 and beams layout plans are showed in Figures 3.49 to 3.52.
Table 3.8. Beam Sections for Proposed Building
Beam Thickness
Type Level Size Flange Web Unit
B1 Plinth 9"×12" - - inch
B2 Plinth 9"×14" - - inch
HB1 Floor level W6×9 0.215 0.17 inch
HB2 Roof level W6×12 0.28 0.23 inch

80
Figure 3.49. Design Result of Ground Beam Section
Figure 3.50. Design Result of Plinth Beam Section

81
Figure 3.51. Design Result of Floor Beam Section
Figure 3.52. Design Result of Roof Beam Section

82
Figure 3.53. R.C Beam Layout Plan (Plinth to First Floor Level)
Figure 3.54. R.C Beam Layout Plan (Ground Floor to Plinth Level)
83
Figure 3.55. Steel Beam Layout Plan (First Floor Level)
Figure 3.56. Steel Beam Layout Plan ( Roof Level )

84
Figure 3.57. Longitudinal Reinforcing Areas of Plinth Beams (in2)
Figure 3.58. Longitudinal Reinforcing Areas of Ground Beams (in2)

Table 3.9. Plinth Beam Reinforcement Schedule
Throughout Bars Additional Bars Stirrups
Left & Right Support Mid-span
Name Size (2h)

Top Bot Left Mid Right
Distance
Bar & Spacing Bar & Spacing
from
Support
B-1 9"×12" 2-16mmØ 2-16mmØ - - - 2'-0" 10mmØ@4"c/c 10mmØ@6"c/c
85
B-2 9"×14" 2-16mmØ 2-16mmØ - - - 2'-4" 10mmØ@4"c/c 10mmØ@6"c/c
Table 3.10. Column Reinforcement Schedule up to Plinth Level

Tie
Main
Name Size Within l0 Outside l0 Remark
Reinforcement
Bar & Spacing Bar & Spacing
C-1 14"×14" 4-22 mm Ø 10mm Ø @ 4"c/c 10mm Ø @ 6"c/c Footing to Plinth

55
Table 3.11. Detail Schedule of Steel Members
Web Flange
Thickness Depth Thickness Width Weight

Name Size Remark
(in) (in) (in) (in) (lb/ft)
Secondary
HB1 W6x9 3/16 5.9 3/16 4 9
beam
HB2 W6x12 3/16 6 1/4 4 12 Floor Beam
HB3 W8x10 3/16 7.89 3/16 4 10 Floor Beam
HB4 W8x15 1/4 8.11 5/16 4 15 Floor Beam
HC1 W8x31 5/16 8 7/16 7.998 31 P.L to R.B.L
3.17. Design Results for Roof Truss

The member sections of roof truss are designed with double angle for bottom
and top chord, and single angle for vertical and inclined members in the proposed
building. Typical member sections of truss for this building are shown in Figure 3.60
and 3.61.
T2
T1
Figure 3.59. Truss Plan of Proposed Building

56
2L3x3x1/4 2L3x3x1/4
39'
L2x2x1/8
Figure 3.60. Howe Truss (T1) Plan of the Proposed Building
L2x2x1/8
2L3x3x1/4
23'-9"
Figure 3.61. Howe Truss (T2) Plan of the Proposed Building
3.18. Roofing Material

The roofing sheet of Myanmar galvanized iron colourful type is used for the
proposed building. The required length can order as desire. The dimension of roofing
sheet is shown in Figure 3.62.
128.3mm
29mm
158.3mm
Figure 3.62. Roofing Sheet used in the Proposed Building

57
3.19. Design of Connection

The connection design consists of beam to girder connection, beam to column
connection, and base plate. The column splices are not considered in this proposed
building. Simple connection with A325-N bolts is used. E70 electrodes with SMAW
process are used. Beam to girder (type-1). Beam to column web connection (type-2),
beam to column flange (type-3), and base plate are designed in this proposed building.
RAM connection software is used to design this proposed building.
3.19.1. The Design of Girder to Beam Connection (type-1)

Connection name =Single Plate Beam to Girder Connection
Connection ID = 1V
Family = Beam - Girder (BG)
Type = Single plate
Description = 1F 4-5 B-C
General Information
Connector
Members
Beam
General
Beam section = W 6x9
Beam material = A36
sb: Beam setback = 0.25 in
Beam to girder alignment = Top
Horizontal angle (deg) =0
Vertical angle (deg) =0
58
Coped
dct: Top cope depth = 0.5 in
ct: Top cope length = 3 in
dcb: Bottom cope depth = 0 in
cb: Bottom cope length = 0 in
Girder
General
Girder section = W 8x15
Girder material = A36
Single Plate
Connector
Section = PL 0.3x4x4 1/2
b: Width = 4 in
L: Length = 4.5 in
Plate type = Standard
tp: Plate thickness = 0.3 in
Material = A36
Plate position on beam = Centre
Bolts = 3/4" A325 N
nr: Bolt rows =2
nc: Bolt columns =1
s: Pitch - longitudinal centre-to-centre spacing = 2 in
Lev: Vertical edge distance = 1.25 in
Leh: Horizontal edge distance = 1.5 in
a: Distance between weld and bolts = 2.5 in
Hole type on plate = Standard (STD)
Hole type on beam = Standard (STD)
59
Weld = E70XX
D: Weld size (1/16 in) =3
Wo: Obtuse side weld size (AWS) (1/16 in) =3
Wa: Acute side weld size (AWS) (1/16 in) =3
Wo: Obtuse side weld size (AISC) (1/16 in) =3
Wa: Acute side weld size (AISC) (1/16 in) =3
In this type, the beam is connected to girder and single plate (all bolted)
connection is used. The sizes of members, bolts and connectors are described as
follows.
Top View Lateral View
3in
0.5 in
1.9
4.5 1x2 in= 2
2.5"
4 A36
A36 A36 PL 0.3x4x4 1/2
W 8x31 W 6x9
Front View
3/16
3/16 1.95
Hole type (beam): Standard (STD)

Hole type (connector): Standard (STD)
0.3in
2Bolts: 3/4" A325N
Figure 3.63. Plans of Girder to Beam Connection (type-1)
Fy= 36ksi, Fu= 58 ksi, Fub= 120ksi, FEXX= 70ksi

Girder size = W6x9
Beam size = W8x15
Shear force, Vu = -11.938 kips
Axial force, Pu = 2.194 kips
Type of hole = STD
60
Connection type = Bolted

Bolt size = 3/4 in A325N (for both girder and beam side)
Connector = PL 0.3 4 4 1/2
3.19.2. The Design of Beam to Column Web Connection (type-2)
(i) Connection name = Single Plate Beam to Column Web Connection
Connection ID = 2V
Family = Beam - Column web (BCW)
Type = Single plate
Description= 1F 4 B-C
General Information
Connector
Members
Beam
General
Beam material = A36
Beam edge inside support flanges = No
Horizontal eccentricity = 0 in
Coped
dct: Top cope depth = 0 in
ct: Top cope length = 0 in
dcb: Bottom cope depth = 0 in
cb: Bottom cope length = 0 in
61
Column
General
Support section = W 8x31
Support material = A36
Is column end = No
Single Plate
Connector
Section = PL 1/2x7 1/2x6
b: Width = 7.5 in
L: Length = 6 in
Plate type = Extended
Material = A36
Plate position on beam = Centre
Bolts = 3/4" A325 N
nr: Rows of Bolts =2
nc: Bolt columns =2
nc: Bolt columns =2
g: Gage - transverse centre-to-centre spacing = 3 in
a: Distance between weld and bolts = 3 in
Welding electrode to support = E70XX
D: Weld size to support (1/16 in) =5
Wo: Obtuse side weld size (AWS) (1/16 in) =5
Wa: Acute side weld size (AWS) (1/16 in) =5
Wo: Obtuse side weld size (AISC) (1/16 in) =5
Wa: Acute side weld size (AISC) (1/16 in) =5
In this type, the column web is connected to beam and single plate (all bolted)
connection is used. The size of members and bolts and connector are described as
follows.
62
Top View Front View

Hole type (beam): Standard (STD
4 Bolts 3/4" A325N
2.56 in
0.5in
3in
Lateral View
5/16
5/16
1.5in
2.56
5 1x3 in=3
A36
A36 PL 1/2x7 1/2x6
W 8x15
A36
W 8x31
Figure 3.64. Plans of Beam to Column Web Shear Connection (type-2)

Beam size = W8x15
Column size = W8x31
Shear force, Vu (Beam) = -11.5938 kips
Axial force, Pu (Beam) = 2.194 kips
Moment, Mu (Column) = -5.6667 kips-ft
Axial force, Pu (Column) = -25.739 kips
Type of hole = STD
Bolt size = 3/4 in A325N(for both support and beam side)
63
Connector = PL 1/2 7 /2 6
(ii) Connection name = Flange Plate Beam Column Web Bolted Connection
Connection ID = 2M
Family = Beam - Column web (BCW)
Type = Flange-plated
Description = 1F 4 B-C
General Information
Connector
Members
Beam
General
Beam material = A36
Column
General
Is column end = No
Flange Plate
Connector
L: Top plate length = 4.25 in
64
b: Top plate width = 4 in

tp: Top plate thickness = 0.5 in
Lb: Bottom plate length = 4.25 in
bb: Bottom plate width = 4 in
tpb: Bottom plate thickness = 0.5 in
Plate material = A36
Beam side
Bolts = 3/4" A325 N
nc: Bolt columns =2
nr: Rows of Bolts =2
g: Gage - transverse centre-to-centre spacing = 2 in
Lev: Longitudinal distance to top plate edge = 1 in
Leh: Transverse distance to top plate edge = 1 in
ef: Longitudinal distance to beam edge (top plate) = 1 in
Levb: Longitudinal distance to bottom plate edge = 1 in
Lehb: Transverse distance to bottom plate edge = 1 in
efb: Longitudinal distance to beam edge (bottom) = 1 in
Hole type on top plate = Standard (STD)
Hole type on bottom plate = Standard (STD)
Support side
Top welding electrode to support = E70XX
D1: Top weld size to support (1/16 in) =3
Top welding electrode to column web = E70XX
D2: Top weld size to column web (1/16in) =2
Bottom welding electrode to support = E70XX
D3: Bottom weld size to support (1/16 in) =3
Bottom welding electrode to column web = E70XX
D4: Bottom weld size to column web (1/16in) =2
In this type, the column web is connected to beam and flange plate (all bolted)
connection is used. The size of members and bolts and connector are described as
follows.
65
Top View Bottom View
1.57
4.5
3.86
Lateral View Front View

1in
0.5in
A36 0.5in
1 W8x15
A36
W8x31
Figure 3.65. Plans of Beam to Column Web Moment Connection (type-2)

Beam size = W8x15
Column size = W8x31
Moment, = -25.0058 kips-ft
Axial force, Pu = 2.197 kips
Type of hole = STD
Connector = PL 1/2 4 4 1/2
3.19.3. The Design of Beam to Column Flange Connection (type-3)
Connection name = Moment End Plate Beam Column Flange
Connection
Connection ID =3
Family = Beam - Column flange (BCF)
66
Type = Moment end plate

Description = 1F B 1-3
Connector
Member
Configuration
Exists opposite connection = Yes
Centred members = No
Beam
General
Beam type = Prismatic member
Beam material = A36
Opposite beam
General
Beam type = Prismatic member
Beam material = A36
Opposite connector
Moment connector type = DW
Column
General
67

Column end = No
Moment End Plate
Connector
Plate extension = Flush
B: Width = 5.5 in
L: Length = 10.11 in
Plate material = A36
Fy = 36 kip/in2
Fu = 58 kip/in2
Flush extension length = 1 in
Beam side
Top flange weld type = Fillet
Top beam flange weld = E70XX
D1: Weld size to top beam flange (1/16in) =3
Bottom flange weld type = Fillet
Bottom beam flange weld = E70XX
D3: Weld size to bottom beam flange (1/16in) =3
Welding electrode to beam web = E70XX
D2: Weld size to beam web (1/16in) =3
Support side
Bolts = 3/4" A325 N

68
Hole type on support = Standard (STD)

g: Gage - transverse center-to-center spacing = 3 in
Bolt group (top flange)
Bolts rows number =2
pfi t: Distance from bolt rows to flange = 1.25 in
vertical spacing between inner bolt rows = 2.5 in
Bolt group (bottom flange)
Bolts rows number =1
pfi b: Distance from bolt rows to flange = 1.25 in
Stiffners
Transverse stiffeners
Section = PL 1/2x2 x4
Position = Both
Full depth = No
Ls: Transverse stiffeners length = 4 in
bs: Transverse stiffeners width = 2 in
cc: Corner clip length = 0.25 in
cc: Corner clip width = 0..25 in
ts: Transverse stiffener thickness = 0.5 in
Material = A36
Weld type = Fillet
Welding electrode to support = E70XX
D: Weld size to support (1/16 in) =4
Column web panel zone stiffeners
69
Top View

Bolts: 3/4" A325N
1.75in
3in
1.75in

A36
PL 3/4x5 1/2 x 10.11
3/16
3/16
1.25
3/16
9.89 3/16
3/16
1.25
3/16
A36
7in W8x15
A36
W8x31
Figure 3.66. Plans of Beam to Column Flange Connection (type-3)

Beam size = W8x15
Column size = W8x31
Axial Force, Pu(Right Beam) = -0.288 kips
Shear force, Vu (Right Beam) = -10.859 kips
Moment, Mu (Right Beam) = -25.2026 kip-ft
Axial Force, Pu(Left Beam) = -0.268 kips
Moment, Mu (Left Beam) = -8.5641 kip-ft
Axial Force, Pu(Column) = --101.475 kips
Type of hole = STD
70

Connector = PL 3/4 5 1/2 9.89
3.19.4. The Design of Base Plate

Connection name = Pinned Base Plate
Connection ID =4
Family = Column - Base (CB)
Type = Base plate
Description = 1F 3 B
General Information
Connector
Members
Column
Column type = Prismatic member
Section = W 8x31
Material = A36
Longitudinal offset = 0 in
Base plate
Connection type = Unstiffened
Position on the support = Centre
N: Longitudinal dimension = 11 in
B: Transversal dimension = 11 in
Thickness = 0.787 in
Material = A36
Column weld = E70XX
Outer welds flanges only = No
D: Column weld size (1/16 in) =3
71
Override A2/A1 ratio = No

Include shear lug = No
With pedestal = Yes
Longitudinal dimension (pedestal) = 14 in
Transversal dimension (pedestal) = 14 in
Thickness = 24 in
Material = C 4-60
Include grouting = Yes
Grout thickness = 1 in
Anchor position = Longitudinal position
Rows number per side =1
Anchors per row =2
Longitudinal edge distance on the plate = 4 in
Transverse edge distance on the plate = 3 in
Anchor type = L-bolt
Include lock nut = No
Anchor = 5/8"
Effective embedment depth = 12 in
Total length = 14.61 in
Material = A36
Fy = 36 kip/in2
Fu = 58 kip/in2
Cracked concrete = No
Brittle steel = No
Anchors welded to base plate = No
Type of reinforcement = Primary
Tension reinforcement = No
Shear reinforcement = No
In this type, the base plate is designed between short column (14×14in) and
steel column (W8x31). And the size of base plate and anchor rods are described in the
following.
72
Top View Anchor Rod Details
5/8"
11
2.61 3.83
14.61
12in 11 12in
12in 4.06
A36
PL 11x11x0.787
0.787
Figure 3.67. Plans of Base plate

Column size = W8x31
Shear Force,Vu2 = 3.628 kips
Shear Force,Vu3 = 4.528 kip
Axial force, Pu = -101.475 kips
Base plate size = 11 11 0.787 in
Pedestal size = 14 in 14 in
Anchor type = headed
Anchor size = 3/4 in dia
Embedded length = 12 in
Column weld size = 5 in
73
Table 3.12. Connections Schedule
Shear force Axial force Moment Bolt size

Type Connection Connector size (in) Remark
(kips) (kips) (kip-ft) (in)
Shear
Type-1 -11.938 2.194 - 3/4'' A325N PL 0.3 4 4 1/2 Beam to girder
Connection
Shear Beam to column

-11.938 2.194 - 3/4'' A325N PL 1/2 7 1/2 6
Connection web
Type-2
Moment Beam to column
- 2.194 -24.9819 3/4'' A325N PL 1/4 4 4 1/2
Connection web
Combined Beam to column

Type-3 -0.817 -0.288 -25.2026 3/4'' A325N PL 3/4 5 1/2 10.11
Connection Flange
Table 3.13. Base Plate Schedule

Shear Shear
Axial load Base plate size Anchor rod size
Type V2 V3 Remark
(kips) (in) (in)
(kips) (kips)
Type-1 -101.475 3.628 4.528 11 11 0.787 5/8" 14"14" column

74

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31

3.2. Material Properties for Proposed Building

3.4. Architectural Drawings and Design Parameters for Calculations

Table 3.1. Door and Window Sizes of Proposed Building

1 Roller Shutter Door RD 8'-0'' 9'-0'' 5''x2''

2 Door-1 D1 3'-5'' 9'-0'' 5''x2''

3 Door-2 D2 3'-5'' 7'-5 1/2'' 5''x2''

4 Window with two sheet W2 3'-9 1/2'' 6' 5''x2''

5 Window with three sheet W3 5'-7'' 6'-0'' 5''x2''

6 Fanlight F1 2'-0'' 1'-10'' 5''x2''

7 Glass Block GB 5'-0'' 2'-6'' 5''x2''

Figure 3.1. Ground Floor Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.2. First Floor Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.3. Roof Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.4. Front Elevation of Proposed Building

Figure 3.5. Back Elevation of Proposed Building

Figure 3.6. Leftt Side Elevation of Proposed Building

Figure 3.7. Right Side Elevation of Proposed Building

Figure 3.8. Doors and Window Details of Proposed Building

3.5. Structural Framing for the Proposed Building

Figure 3.9. Ground Floor Framing Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.10. Plinth Framing Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.11. First Floor Framing Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.12. Roof Framing Plan of Proposed Building

Figure 3.13. Three-Dimensional View of Proposed Building

3.6. Load Data Assumptions for the Proposed Building

3.6.1. Dead Loads and Own Weight Considerations

3.6.2. Live Loads Assumptions

7. 0.2 sec spectral Accel, S1 = 0.10 (from Table B.4)

3.7. Load Calculation for Walling

Sr No Windows and Doors Opening Area (sqft)

2 W2 (3'-9 ½'' x 6') 22.752

For Ground Floor

Net loading = (0.58  25  9) + (0.42  55  11.3)

Percentage of Opening = (22.8 113)  100 % = 20%

Wall Area = 9  (12-0.7) = 101.7 sq ft

For First Floor

Opening Area = 3.4  7 = 23.8 sq ft

4-5 For 10 ft span with W2,

Percentage of Wall = 79%

Table 3.3. Wall Loads of the Proposed Building (Continued)

Sr.No Grid Span length Wall Height Opening Net loading

3 4~5 12' 12' W3 503.6 lb/ft

Along grid line C

1 2'~2 4' 6' - 291.5 lb/ft

2 2~3 11' 12' - 621.5 lb/ft

3 3~4 11' 12' D1 522.4 lb/ft

4 4~5 12' 12' - 621.5 lb/ft

Along grid line B

1 2'~2 4' 6' - 291.5 lb/ft

Along grid line 2

1 C~D 13' 12' W3 513 lb/ft

Table 3.3. Wall Loads of the Proposed Building (Continued)

Table 3.3. Wall Loads of the Proposed Building (Continued)

Sr.No Floor Span length Wall Height Opening Net loading

2 B~C 9' 10' D2 417.3 lb/ft

3 C~D 13' 10' D2 444.2 lb/ft

4 Verandah 4' 3' - 165 lb/ft

Along grid line 5'

1 A~B 12' 10' W2 439.2 lb/ft

2 B~C 9' 10' F1+F1 470 lb/ft

Along grid line 5