HAZARDS

a natural event in an uninhabited places becomes a hazard in a populated one

● hazard: natural event that adversely affects human life, property, or activity. Involves
people

- e.g. flooding

● event: natural occurence of certain happenings. In a populated place

- e.g. volcanic eruption

● disaster: sudden, calamitous event that causes serious disruption

- e.g. aftermath of typhoon

● capacity: combination of all strengths and resources within a community, that can
reduce risk levels

NATURAL HAZARDS

● biological

- epidemic (becomes a pandemic due to transmission)

- infestation
- animal stampede

● geophysical

- earthquake: sudden movement of earth's crust

- volcanic eruption: ejects lava, steam, at irregular or continuous intervals

- mass movement (dry)

- avalanche

- landslide: disturbance in the stability of the slope. accompanied by droughts, heavy

rains. caused by illegal logging, mining, and quarrying
- respiratory illness (health), increased vulnerability to extreme weather (poverty), loss of
rainfall and crop pollinators (hunger), sedimentation of hydroelectric dams (energy),
damage of infrastructure (infrastructure), loss of coastal fisheries habitat (life below
water).

how do we prepare for a landslide?

● hazard mapping (landslide susceptibility map)

● public information (caution signs)
● engineering (benching, retaining wall, gabion walls, shotcrete, erosion control, vetiver
grass)

- preparation kit
- know your area’s risks

- tsunami: large sea wave, produced by undersea volcanic eruption

- e.g. in japan, however, they were fast in recovering from the calamity

● hydrological
- typhoon: intense circular storm, high pressure, tha warmer the ocean, the higher
possibility of typhoon.
- 5 signals of typhoon

- tornadoes: rotating column of air touching the ground, usually attached to the base of a
thunderstorm

- la nina: -while- anomalous cooling of the same area

- el nino: anomalous warming of the equatorial pacific ocean

- flood:

- subsidence
- storm surge
- mass movement (wet)

● meteorological

- storm
- tropical cyclone
- local storm

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE

- volcanic activity
- 10 to 20 volcanoes erupting
- earth's surface is made up of tectonic plates
- ring of fire- plates crashing into each other
- geologists cant accurately predict volcanoes and earthquakes

- japan design anti earthquake buildings

- wide texts alerts
- prevented worst deaths

- treated less of a priority because of unpredictability

- which makes these hazards more destructive

- Rehabilitation of Boracay
- demolition of structures
- road clearing and widening
- excavation of buried pipes
- recovery and rehabilitation of wetlands
- government with sectors
- ensure the quality of water is within water standards
- water monitoring was done
- requiring sewerage treatment plan
- observed island carrying capability when it opened on 2018

- Rehabilitation of Manila Bay

- massive cleanup
- 16,000 people participated in the cleanup drives
- water quality improvement
- coliform level decreased
- solid waste management
- 1,100 cleanup activities

- with all these initiatives, manila bay would soon regain its former glory