MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

MICROBIOLOGY ✓ Particles of nucleic acids surrounded by a

protective protein coat
TOPIC OUTLINE ✓ Obligate intercellular parasites
1 DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS ✓ Smaller than bacteria
2 VIRUSES ✓ Can infect all other organisms
3 VIROIDS
4 PRIONS FIVE SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
5 ARCHAEA 1 Either DNA or RNA
6 BACTERIA 2 Unable to replicate (multiply) on their own
7 ALGAE 3 They do not divide
8 FUNGI 4 Lack genes and enzymes necessary for
9 PROTOZOA energy production
10 HELMINTHS 5 Depend on the host cell for protein and
nucleic acid production
DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS

CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
1 HOST RANGE
VIRUSES ✓ receptors
2 SIZE
3 STRUCTURE
➢ Particles of nucleic acids surrounded by ✓ type of genetic material
a protective protein coat ✓ shape of capsids
➢ Obligate intercellular parasites ✓ envelop
➢ Smaller than bacteria 4 LIFE CYCLE
➢ Can infect all other organisms ✓ development of diseases

LIFE CYCLE OF A COMPLEX ANIMAL VIRUS

DRGB 1
MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
VIROIDS CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME

✓ Simpler than viruses: composed mostly of

short strand of RNA without protective
coat ARCHAEA
✓ Smaller than viruses
✓ Cause of number of plant diseases

PRIONS

✓ Discovered as a separate group in 1970s

✓ First called archaebacteria
✓ Resembles bacteria but not related
✓ Mostly protein without nucleic acid ✓ Live in extremely hostile environments
✓ Smaller than viruses ✓ Can metabolize sulfur
✓ Responsible for neuro-degenative ✓ No medical significance
diseases in humans and animals

MADCOW DISEASE BACTERIA

DRGB 2
MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
✓ Single-celled prokaryotes OTHERS
✓ Most have specific shapes (highly
diverse)
✓ Most have rigid cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
✓ Multiply by binary fission
✓ Many can move using flagella

BACTERIA MORPHOLOGY

BACTERIA MORPHOLOGY
1 CATEGORIZED INTO 3 SHAPES BACTERIA WITHOUT CELL WALL
✓ Cocci
✓ Rods
✓ Curved or spiral-shapes Mycoplasma
2 CELL WALL DEFICIENT (CWD)
3 SHAPELESS (pleomorphic) ➢ Extremely variable in
shape
➢ Not affected by
BACTERIA CELL WALL : SHAPES lysozyme or penicillin

COCCUS

MYCOPLASMA

MYCOPLASMA
1 Mycoplasma have no outer membrane
and cell wall.
2 They only have cytoplasmic membrane.
ROD (bacillus) 3 They cannot assume a specific shape.
4 The cell does not lyse because the turgor
pressure is minimal.
5 They will not react to gram staining nor can
they be affected by lysozyme or penicillin.
6 They can be detected serologically and
identified by electron microscopy.

ALGAE
SPIRAL

DRGB 3
MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY
✓ The study of protozoan (and helminth-
✓ Single or multicellular eukaryote that caused) diseases is called
carry out photosynthesis PARASITOLOGY
✓ Contain pigments
✓ Size extremely vary
✓ Primarily aquatic
✓ Flagella more complex than bacteria
✓ Critically important to global ecology
✓ Phycology

FUNGI

HELMINTHS

✓ Macroscopic worms, but some go

through microscopic stages in their life
cycle
✓ Cause parasitic diseases in plants and
animals

DISEASES
✓ Nematodes – Round worms
✓ Cestodes – Flatworms
✓ Trematodes – Flukes

✓ Single or multicellular eukaryotes that are

nonphotosynthetic
✓ Include mushrooms, yeasts and molds
✓ Primarily terrestrial
✓ Microscopic to macroscopic
✓ Pathogenic mostly to plants
✓ Mycology

PROTOZOA

✓ Superficially animal-like, single-celled,

nonphotosynthetic
✓ Usually motile, locomotion is basis for
classification
✓ Includes amoebae, flagellates, and
ciliates
✓ Thrive in both aquatic and terrestrial
environments

DRGB 4
MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

DRGB 5