COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN

RAILWAY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

METHODOLOGY & EXAMPLES

28th. June 2017

D.N. BRADLEY
NORTHWOOD RAILWAY ENG. LTD.
THE JUNGLE:
Overground Problems
HISTORY AND TERMINOLOGY:

 IMMUNISATION – PREVENTING DANGEROUS FAILURES

- Rarely remedial
- Experience

 E.M.I. – ENSURING RELIABILITY

- Sensitive Equipment

 E.S.C. – PERSONAL SAFETY, RELIABILITY

- Pro-Active
EQUIPMENT OPERATION:

 WITHOUT DANGEROUS FAILURE

 WITHOUT NUISANCE FAILURE

 WITHOUT DESTRUCTION

 WITHOUT ENDANGERING STAFF

KNOWLEDGE OF THE EQUIPMENT OPERATION IS ESSENTIAL

SOURCE - CONDUCTION:

STRUCTURES

TRACK CIRCUIT

RAIL

CABLE
VCE

GROUND VOLTAGE
VCE

LINE CIRCUIT

VCF
SOURCE INDUCTION:

IT

IT

SCREENING CONDUCTOR

I S2 I S1 IS

VS2
VT
VS
UNDERNEATH THE ARCHES:

T.I.21 Tx TUNED ZONE

REMOTE COUPLING:

T.I.21
Tx
TUNED ZONE

R.E.C. MAINS
CABLE

AMP
IDENTIFICATION:

 GET ALL THE DRAWINGS!

 PLOT THEM OUT

 IDENTIFY AND CATEGORISE LOCATIONS OF

INTERACTION

 CONSIDER ALL FAILURE / MAINTENANCE SITUATIONS

 FIND ALL THE EARTHING SYSTEMS

SOURCES OF INTERACTION:

 FLOW OF CURRENT ALONG A CONDUCTOR GENERATES

VOLTAGE

 A.C. CURRENT FLOW CREATES INDUCED VOLTAGE

 EARTH CONNECTION WITH NO CURRENT – VOLTAGE

STRESS

 EARTH CONNECTION WITH CURRENT – R.O.E.P.

IMPORTANT COUPLINGS:

 DESIGNED EARTH CONNECTIONS

 DESIGNED CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS

 GROUND EARTH VOLTAGES

 PARALLEL CONDUCTORS

 BARE METAL CONNECTIONS

 DAMAGE SITUATIONS
IDENTIFICATION - 1:
IDENTIFICATION - 2:
IDENTIFICATION - 3:

V
IDENTIFICATION - 4:

V
 BT TO MPC
Chelford Sidings
Relay Room

MPC

MPC 279.468km
230V 1ph & N REC supply
173m 107 D (Tele) 279.400km
BT TO MPC 1.322km

173M107D 279.396km 173m 107 U (Tele) 279.402km

279KM

173M040D 278.788km 173M040U 278.788km

173m 040 D (Tele) 278.784km 173m 040 U (Tele) 278.784km
173M005U 278.464km
45RA

BT TO MPC 1.322km
DPL

BT TO BT 2.968km

DPL 45RA 278.464km

172m 161 AD (Tele) 278.291km 172m 161 AU (Tele) 278.291km
172M161D 278.287km 172M161U 278.287km
B

BT TO MPC 1.144km
BT TO BT 2.399km
Chelford TSC has its own 400 V REC supply which
is fed from the brick hut in the TSC compound. It
not know if the incoming REC cable armouring is

278KM
This supply currently feeds the Station platform
gapped prior to it entering the TSC compound.

buildings and the S&T buildings on the Crewe

NS
NS

Neutral Section 277.747km

172m 085 D (Tele) 277.587km 172m 085 U (Tele) 277.589km
HF-11 & HF-12
25 kV Cables:
CF-7; CF-8;

172M085D 277.582km 172M085U 277.583km

platform.

HF-12
REC

HF-11

REC 3Ph&N Supply 277.388km

CF-8

CHELFORD
CF-7

BT TO MPC 1.144km
CHELFORD

REC 3Ph&N Supply 277.236km

D

MPC
TSC

REB 45

MPC 277.235km 25kV C/0 Sw 277.235km

Chelford REB 277.204km
D

S&T Relay Room 277.185km

S&T

172m 029 AD (Tele) 277.072km 172m 029 AU (Tele) 277.092km

172M029D 277.072km
PH

277KM
MPC
Heating

REC 3Ph&N Supply 277.062km

Point

REC 230V 1ph & N supply 277.062km

BT TO MPC 1.255km
MPC 277.002km
will be either be removed

172M012D 276.915km 172M014U 276.915km

Point Heating. This feed

operational or utilised for

Heating
Existing Chelford North

Point
once the new feed is

the Chelford Station

power supplies.

171M159DB 276.639km
171M159DA 276.635km 171M159U 276.652km
171m 140 U (Tele) 276.485km
171m 140 D (Tele) 276.464km
171M116D 276.245km 171M116U 276.247km
171M101U 276.126km
171M094D 276.058km
45LA
DPL

276KM
BT TO MPC 1.255km
DPL 45LA 276.029km

BT TO BT 2.399km
171m 072 AU (Tele) 275.885km
171m 072 AD (Tele) 275.851km 171M074U 275.881km
171M074D 275.845km
Booster Transfomers 275.747km

BT TO MPC 1.448km
BT TO BT 3.174km
171M043D 275.595km 171M043U 275.592km

PH

Heating
Point
REC 3Ph&N Supply 275.544km
REC 230V 1ph & N supply

Heating
Point

will be removed once the

171M018U 275.364km

Point Heating. This feed

new feed is operational.

Existing Chelford South
170M169U 275.153km
170m 169 AD (Tele) 275.128km 170m 169 AU (Tele) 275.148km

275KM
170M154D 275.002km 170M154U 274.997km

RA
PL
 25 kV switchgear & OLE dampers
located in TSC Compound
B B MPC B B MPC B

132 to 25kV
OLE transformer

MPC MPC

B B B B B

25 O 25 O 25 O 25 O 25 O 25 O

4O L 4O L L 4O L 4O L L 4O

Train 1

Train 2
XB XB XB XB XB XB

PH

Platform
4O 4O 4O 4O 4O
Furniture
Spider Point
GSMR L L Station & GSMR L L plate L GSMR L Heating
Platform
Supplies
25 O 25 O 25 O 25 O 25 O 25 O

REC REC REC

Transformer 4O Spider Transformer Transformer
REC
VTVL

plate
Transformer 230/230 V PS
DPL Earth Busbar

DPL Earth Busbar

ACC Equipment ACC Equipment ACC Equipment

48V PS 48V PS Link 48V PS 48V PS 48V PS 48V PS

Telcoms Earth Bar

20 O 20 O

DPL Telecoms DPL

DB01 DB02 DB03 DB01 DB02 DB01 DB02
Services Equipment Services
Telecom DB PL Services

PSP Services

Neutral
Busbar
TSC
TSC 25 kV switchgear
DPL DPL

Control & supervision equipment

Label Description of Equipment

DB01 Signalling Type N Supplies
DB02 Signalling Type R Supplies
DB03 Signalling 230 V Location Case Supplies
L Location Case 110V
Batteries Dedicated British Telecom
GSMR Global System for Mobile Communications SCADA
lines to Crewe Control Centre
PS Power Supply
110V
Line/Equipment UPS Battery 50V 25 kV to 800 V 650 V
Colour
Bypass Charger Batteries transformer regulator
25 kV OLE conductor Panel 650 V earth
25 kV OLE return conductor Old type free supply to
Earth or connection to traction return rail Signalling existing
Traction return rails, 25 kV OLE Damper or REC Neutral Equipment location
800 to 650 V, transformer to 650 V regulator 50V cases
415 V to 650 V
650 V cables Battery
transformer
REC 400 V phase conductor Charger
REC 400 V phase conductor
REC 400 V phase conductor
400 V three phase and neutral supply
230 V
Three phase (earth free) supply
domestic
230 V single phase and neutral supply
supplies
230 V single phase (earth free) supply to location cases
REC Mobile REC
110 V points heating cable
Transformer Generator Transformer
110 Vd.c. supply
50 Vd.c. supply
Signalling feeds from ACC Equipment to location cases 400 V Mains & TSC 400 V
Changeover
Telecoms Copper Cables REC Traction 400 V REC
switch
Telecoms Screening conductor or its earth Switchgear Supply DB Switchgear Switchgear
BT Lines PSP Compound TSC Compound
Local earth electrode
Equipment locally earthed
Equipment earthed to REC Earth
TSC Equipment earthed to traction return rail Busbar
Points Heating
20 O Independent Earth Cable armouring
may or may not be
gapped Electrical Systems Interactions Diagram

SIZE FSCM NO DWG NO REV

406002-L-TN-031
SCALE 1:10000 SHEET 1 OF 1
Edinburgh Tramway

Network Rail

Lineside circuits
Edinburgh Tramway – D.C. Supply
Edinburgh Tramway – Mutual Couplings
Edinburgh Tramway – Ground Voltage Profiles
Highbury – Traction Supply System Conductors
Highbury –
Platform electrical
systems
DUAL ELECTRIFIED INTERFACE - 1:

CATENARY

3RD RAIL
D.C.

A.C.
Willesden – Dual electrification interface
DUAL ELECTRIFIED INTERFACE - 2:

ISOLATING
TRANSFORMER

D.C.
DUAL ELECTRIFIED INTERFACE - 3:
Gunnersbury Area

Acton Central
a.c.
Hounslow
Dual
Gunnersbury

LUL

Richmond Barnes
N.G.C., 400 kV CONNECTION:

GROUND
VOLTAGE
CONTOURS

2000V

1200V

800V
500V

LIN
E
CIR SIDE
CUI
TS

TRA
C TIO
NR
AIL
SIG
NAL
RAI
L
TRACK RELAY VOLTAGE:

LOCAL GROUND VOLTAGE

SIGNAL RAIL VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE VT - VOLTAGE APPLIED TO TRACK RELAY

TRACTION RETURN RAIL VOLTAGE

 LINE CIRCUIT VOLTAGE STRESS:

MAXIMUM INSULATION
VOLTAGE STRESS
BETWEEN CIRCUITS - Vs

Vs
REMOTE INTERMEDIATE = V1 - V2
EQUIPMENT GROUND EQUIPMENT GROUND
CUPBOARD VOLTAGE CUPBOARD VOLTAGE
V2 V1

NGC
CONNECTION
SITE
LOCATION CUPBOARD BONDING
SIGNALLING SUPPLY FROM O.L.E.:

TRAIN TRAIN 25kV

LEAVES ENTERS FAULT LINE
SECTION SECTION VOLTAGE

SIGNALLING
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
(STANDBY)
I.C.M.U. INTERFERENCE:

CONDUCTOR RAIL

TRAIN

T.P. HUT / SUB-STATION

TRACK-TRACK CONNECTION

TRAIN

TRANSMITTER

CURRENT IN TRACK CIRCUIT RAIL

CURRENT IN CONDUCTOR RAIL

CURRENT IN RETURN RAILS

GENERAL GUIDANCE:

 KEEP ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS WELL APART

- avoids electric shock risk
- minimises interactions via the Earth

 PROTECT INTERSECTIONS
- minimises the effects of mechanical damage

 AVOID EARTHED LINESIDE SYSTEMS

- prevents propagation of interference currents
- minimises electric shock risk
 COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN
RAILWAY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

10TH June 2015

D.N. BRADLEY
NORTHWOOD RAILWAY ENG. LTD.