Research Report / Publication No.

345

MANUAL ON

SUBSTATION
AUTOMATION
SYSTEM

Editors
S.G. Patki, A.K. Dinkar, Sanjeev Singh

Central Board of Irrigation and Power

Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021
 Research Report / Publication No. 345

MANUAL ON
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Editors

S.G. Patki
A.K. Dinkar
Sanjeev Singh

Central Board of Irrigation and Power

Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021
Central Board of Irrigation & Power
Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021
Phone: 011-26115984, 26876229, 26116567, 24102437
Fax: 011-26116347 E-mail: cbip@cbip.org Web: www.cbip.org
 Foreword
Over the years, the Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP), India,
has been dedicatedly contributing to the development of the power
sector through the preparation of various valuable publications like
manuals, guidelines, reference books for the benefit of professionals &
stakeholders. CBIP has brought out various Manuals on topical subjects
like Transformers, Sub-stations, Transmission Line, Power System
Protection, Power Distribution, Energy Meters, etc., which are being
largely appreciated and are in great demand by engineering professionals
and are being referred by the various professionals in the Power Sector
as key Reference.

One of the important topic(s) requiring due attention in the present day scenario is the ‘Substation
Automation System’ (SAS), ‘SCADA & Distribution Automation’. Keeping this in view, CBIP
decided to prepare a document on ‘Substation Automation System’ and constituted an Expert
Group, comprising of highly experienced engineers from Power Utilities, Designs Organization,
and Manufacturers, etc. This group was headed by Shri S.G. Patki, Distinguished Member-
CIGRE-Paris and National Representative in the CIGRE SC B5 on Protection and Automation
& Former VP-Engineering, The Tata Power Company. The Expert Group after ceaselessly
brainstorming/working for more than 3 years has come out with this document covering all
aspects of SAS, for CBIP.

The Central Board of Irrigation & Power wishes to acknowledge the valuable contributions
made by Shri S.G. Patki, Chairman of the Expert Group for the preparation of this manual. The
contribution made by Shri B.N. De Bhowmick, Former ED POWERGRID, and Shri Anil Sinha,
Advisor – SCADA & Automation deserves special mention, who have put in the best efforts for
synthesizing/peer review of this manual.

This manual could not have been completed without the sincere efforts of all the Members who
have taken a lot of pain to prepare the chapters. I express my deep gratitude and appreciation
for the special efforts made by Shri N.M. Sheth, DE (Engg), GETCO, Shri Chandra Prakash
Awasthi, Dy. GM-TD and Shri K. Yashwant , POWERGRID, Shri M.V. Girish, ABB/Hitachi Energy,
Shri Hamza Ehtisham, Siemens Ltd., Shri Ashish Mhatre, The Tata Power Company Limited,
Shri Subhash Thakur, NTPC Ltd., Shri George Punnoose and Shri Viju Ravindran, Kalkitech in
preparation of the various chapters of the manual. The useful contributions by other members
of the Expert Group are also praiseworthy.

In this publication, a serious attempt has been made to give an overview of various aspects
of Substation Automation like Requirements of Substation Automation System and Functional
design specifications, Basic aspects of IEC61850 standard, Communication Protocols and
Architecture, Migration to IEC61850 based SAS and Brown Field projects, Validation and Testing,
Cyber Security, IEC61850 Process Bus and Digital substation, etc. Each chapter of the manual
has been prepared by eminent practicing Engineers, experts in a particular field and has been
thoroughly discussed in depth by the Experts in this Group. Special attention has been given
towards clarity and completeness to make each chapter self-contained in all respects.

The sincere & dedicated efforts made by Shri S.K. Batra, Consultant, CBIP by regular
coordination with the Members for getting this important document prepared also deserves
appreciation.

It is hoped that this Manual would serve as a useful and valuable guide for all the professionals
& stakeholders including Power utilities, Industries, and Educational Institutions, etc.

A.K. Dinkar
Secretary
Central Board of Irrigation and Power

November 2021
New Delhi
 Expert Group
Manual on Substation Automation System

CHAIRMAN
Shri S.G. Patki
Former Chairman
CIGRE NSC B5 on Protection and Automation

MEMBERS

Shri Anil Sinha

Consultant – SCADA & Automation
B-5&6/ 4248, Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi – 110070
anilsinha@live.in;
Shri Hamza Ehtisham
Sr. Manager – Digital Grid
Siemens India Limited
RC-IN SI DG EA-S SRV
Plot 6A, Sector 18
Gurugram 122015
hamza.ehtisham@siemens.com;
Shri Subhash Thakur
Addl. General Manager
Project Engineering - Electrical
NTPC Limited, Sector 24, Noida
subhashthakur@ntpc.co.in;
Shri N.M. Sheth
Executive Engineer (Engineering)
Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation
Limited (GETCO)
Sardar Patel Vidyut Bhavan, Race Course
Vadodara -390007, Gujarat
eeengg5.getco@gebmail.com;
Shri Amit Kulkarni
Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission
Company Limited
Prakashgad, Plot No C-19, E- Block
Bandra Kurla Complex Bandra East
Mumbai – 400051, Maharashtra
amk10.ind@gmail.com;
Shri Chandra Prakash Awasthi
D y. G e n e r a l M a n a g e r ( Te c h n o l o g y
Development)
POWERGRID Advanced Research &
Technology Centre
Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram - 122413
Haryana
chandraprakash@powergrid.in;
Shri Yashwant K
Manager (Technology Development)
POWERGRID Advanced Research &
Technology Centre
Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram - 122413
Haryana
yashwant.k@powergrid.in;
Shri Ritesh Kumar
Manager (Technology Development)
POWERGRID Advanced Research &
Technology Centre
Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram - 122413
Haryana
ritesh.kumar@powergrid.in;
Shri M.V. Girish
Technology Manager – Grid Automation
ABB Power Products and Systems India
Limited
(Hitachi Energy)
Bangalore
m.v.girish@hitachienergy.com;
Shri Ashish Pandurang Mhatre Shri R.C. Anand
Lead Engineer – Engineering (C&A) Head- System Technologies
The Tata Power Company Limited ZIV Automation India Limited
Trombay Thermal Power Station Global Village, Tech Park
Chembur-Mahul Mumbai 400074 Block – A, Ground Floor, RVCE Post
mhatreap@tatapower.com; Mylasandra, Bangalore – 560 059
anand.rc@zivautomation.com;
Shri Viju Ravindran
Director-Product Management, Shri A.K. Dinkar
Kalki Communication Technologies (Kalkitech), Secretary
#1/153 B, Puthuvamkunnu, Chowara P O, Central Board of Irrigation & Power
Kochi, Kerala – 683571 Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri
viju.ravindran@kalkitech.com; New Delhi – 110021
secretary@cbip.org;
Shri George Punnoose
COO Shri Sanjeev Singh
K a l k i C o m m u n i c a t i o n Te c h n o l o g i e s Director
(Kalkitech), #17/1, 4th Floor, Outer Ring Road, Central Board of Irrigation & Power
Kadubeesanahalli, Bangalore – 560103 Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri
george.punnoose@kalkitech.com; New Delhi – 110021
sanjeev@cbip.org;
Shri Rajiv Krishnan
Domain Expert Shri S.K. Batra
Kalki Communication Technologies (Kalkitech) Consultant
# 1 7 / 1 , 4 t h F l o o r, O u t e r R i n g R o a d , Central Board of Irrigation & Power
Kadubeesanahalli, Bangalore – 560103 Malcha Marg, Chanakyapuri
rajiv.krishnan@kalkitech.com; New Delhi – 110021
batra@cbip.org;
Shri Sterin Jose
Communications Specialist
Applied Systems Engineering
(ASE, a Kalkitech Company),
2105 South Bascom Ave., Suite 155 Campbell,
CA 95008-6900, USA
sterin.jose@ase-systems.com;
 Content

1. Chapter 1 – Introduction and Context 1

2. Chapter 2 – Requirements of Substation Automation System and

Functional design Specifications 7

3. Chapter 3 – Basics of IEC 61850 Standard for SAS 30

4. Chapter 4 – Communication Protocols and Architectures 67

5. Chapter 5 – Migration Strategies 93

6. Chapter 6 – Testing and Validation 140

7. Chapter 7 – cyber Security Management Systems 173

8. Chapter 8 – IEC61850 Process Bus and Digital Substation 201