CHAP

CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICALSTRESSES
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTIONIN
INSOIL
SOIL
ECG353 SOIL ENGINEERING : PART 5

WEEK 6 ~ CHAP. 2
VERTICAL STRESSES DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL

TEACHING LECTURER ;
HAIROL ANUAR HARON

Prepared by : HAH, FKA Level 5-49, 07-3818345

CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2STRESSES
STRESSES
: VERTICALDISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
STRESSES DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

Week 6 :Coverage ~ Empirical analysis of vertical stresses

due to surface load

Learning outcomes:
At the end of this lecture/week the students would
be able to:

i. Analyse stress distribution due to different types

of surface load (i.e: uniform & triangular strip
load)
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 1STRESSES
STRESSES
: VERTICALDISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
STRESSES DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

OUTLINE of PRESENTATION
2.7 Empirical Analysis of Vertical Stresses
Distribution due to Surface Applied Load
based on Boussinesq’s Equation
2.7.6 Uniform Strip Load
2.7.7 Triangular Strip Load
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
STRESSES STRESSES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

2.7 Empirical Analysis of Vertical Stresses Distribution due to

Surface Applied Load based on Boussinesq’s Equation
2.7.6 Vertical Stress Increase due to a Uniform Strip Load
Uniform contact presure, q
B

b b
∆σ z = q IS
where Ic is the Influence Factor

α z 1
β IS = [ β + sin β cos (2 α + β )]
∆σz π
Note : b = B/2 and x is the horizontal
distance from the centerline of the uniform
x strip load

CL See table for influence Factors, IS

CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
STRESSES STRESSES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

2.7.6 Vertical Stress Increase due to a Uniform Strip Load

CHAP
CHAP 12:: VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSES STRESSES
STRESSES DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL
2.7 Empirical Analysis of Vertical Stresses Distribution due to
Surface Applied Load based on Boussinesq’s Equation
2.7.7 Vertical Stress Increase due to a Triangular Strip Load

Load varying linearly

B

q
∆σ z = q IT
c
Where IT is the Influence
Factor

α z 1 x 
IT = β − 1
sin 2 α
β
π  c 2 
∆σz

Note : c = B and x is the horizontal

distance from the toe of the slope (+ or -)

-x x
See table for influence Factors, IT
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
STRESSES STRESSES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

2.7.7 Vertical Stress Increase due to a Triangular Load

CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
STRESSES STRESSES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

Example 7 (Combination Uniform + Triangular Strip Load)

A 6 m high embankment with unit weight of 20 kN/m3 is as shown

below. Determine the increase in vertical stress at depth of 3.2 m at
points A upon completion of the embankment.

8m 6m
CHAP 2: VERTICAL STRESSES DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL

Triangular load

𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾
Embankment loading, 𝑞𝑞 = = 20 6 /2 = 60𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚2
2

c z x z/c x/c IT σz (kN/m2)

8 3.2 14 0.4 1.75 0.0245 60(0.0245)

=1.47

By referring to table 1.5, no value 1.75 at row x/c. So, need to interpolate IT.

Interpolation technique:
First, write down the equation
2.00 − 1.50 2.00 − 1.75
=
1.75 2.00 0.007 − 0.042 0.007 − 𝐼𝐼𝑇𝑇
1.50
Then rearrange,
Refer row 0.042 0.007 (2-1.5)(0.007-IT) = (2-1.75)(0.007-0.042)
IT
z/c=0.4 3.5x10-3 – 0.5IT = -8.75x10-3
IT = ?
CHAP 2: VERTICAL STRESSES DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL

Strip load

Embankment loading, 𝑞𝑞 = 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾 = 20 6 = 120𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚2

b z x z/b x/b IS σz (kN/m2)

6 3.2 0 0.53 0 0.957 120(Is) =114.84

By referring to table 1.4, no value 0.5 at row x/b and no value of 0.53 at row
z/b. So, need to interpolate IS .

Interpolation:
(refer to x/b=0 and z/b between 0.4 &0.6)
First, write down the equation
0.53 0.6 0.6 − 0.4 0.6 − 0.5
0.4 =
0.937 − 0.977 0.937 − 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

Then rearrange,
0.977 Is? 0.937 (0.6-0.4)(0.937-Is) = (0.6-0.5)(0.937-0.977)
Is = ?
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
STRESSES STRESSES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

Example 7
Solution (You can tabulate answer for simplicity)
𝑞𝑞 = 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘� 3 ∗ 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘� 2
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚

z b x
Strip Load q (kN/m2) z/b x/b IS σz (kN/m2)
(m) (m) (m)

Uniform

q z c x
z/c x/c IT σz (kN/m2)
(kN/m2) (m) (m) (m)

Triangular

Total vertical stress under embankment at point A = Σ a+b

Total vertical stress induced in the soil mass at point A is

= Uniform + Triangular
= ……….. kN/m2
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:VERTICAL
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
STRESSES STRESSES
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

Example 8 (Combination Uniform + Triangular Strip Load)

Figure below shows the cross section of a road embankment having

the unit weight of 18 kN/m3. There is also a culvert of 0.8 m diameter
passes under the embankment. It is engraved in the soil beneath at
depth of 2 m. Calculated the vertical stress induced at the top of the
culvert at point A & B due to loads from embankment.

LHS RHS
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICALSTRESSES
STRESSESDISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTIONIN
INSOIL
SOIL

Example 8 Solution (You can tabulate answer for simplicity)

z=2-0.8; q; σz
Load Point x (m) z/b x/b IS z/c x/c IT
(m) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
Uniform A 1.2 - - -
Triangular
A 1.2 - - -
(LHS)
Triangular
A 1.2 - - -
(RHS)
Total vertical stress under embankment at point A = Σ=
q; σz
Load Point z/b x/b IS z/c x/c IT
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
Uniform B 1.2 - - -
Triangular
B 1.2 - - -
(LHS)
Triangular
B 1.2 - - -
(RHS)
Total vertical stress under embankment at point B = Σ=

13
CHAP
CHAP 1
2::VERTICAL
VERTICAL
CHAP 2:STRESSES
STRESSES
VERTICALDISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
STRESSES DISTRIBUTION
INSOIL
IN SOIL IN SOIL

END OF WEEK 6

W7

CHAPTER 3
LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE