DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Course Title : Mechanics Of Materials

Course Code : MM-205
Year: S.E
7-1
Lecture 6 a

7-2
Transformations of
Stress and Strain

7-3
Transformations of Stress and Strain

Introduction
Transformation of Plane Stress
Principal Stresses
Maximum Shearing Stress
Example 7.01
Sample Problem 7.1
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
Example 7.02
Sample Problem 7.2
General State of Stress
Application of Mohr’s Circle to the Three-Dimensional Analysis of Stress
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials Under Plane Stress
Fracture Criteria for Brittle Materials Under Plane Stress
Stresses in Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

7-4
Introduction
• The most general state of stress at a point may
be represented by 6 components,

normal stresses
shearing stresses
(Note :  xy  
yx ,  yz   zy , 
zx   xz )

• Same state of stress is represented by a

different set of components if axes are rota

• The first part of the chapteris concerned wi

7-5
how the components of stress are transform
Introduction
• Plane Stress - state of stress in which two faces of
the cubic element are free of stress. For the
illustrated example, the state of stress is defined by

and  z   zx   zy  0.
 x,  y, 
xy
• State of plane stress occurs in a thin plate subjected
to forces acting in the midplane of the plate.

• State of plane stress also occurs on the free surface

of a structural element or machine component,
i.e., at any point of the surface not subjected to an
external force.
7-6
Transformation of Plane Stress

7-7
 cos Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

 Fy 0   xyA   x  Acos  sin  xy 

Transformation of Plane Stress
Acos  cos
  y  Asin  cos   xy  Asin 
sin

• The equations may be rewritten to yield

x  y x  y
 x   cos 2  xy sin
2 2 2
xy xy
 y  2  2 cos 2 xy sin
2 x  y
sin    xy cos
 xy   2
2 2

7-8
Transformation of Plane Stress

7-9
 Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Principal Stresses

7 - 10
 Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Principal Stresses
• The previous equations are combined to
yield parametric equations for a circle,
 x  ave 2  2    R2
xy
where

 x  y 2
R    x   y   2xy
 ave  2 2
 

• Principal stresses occur on the principal

planes of stress with zero shearing stresses.

 x   y    x   y 2
 max,min    xy
2 2  2 

2 xy
tan 2p 
x
Note : defines
y two angles separated by
90o
7 - 11
 Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Maximum Shearing Stress

Maximum shearing stress occurs for  x  ave

2
  x   y 2
 max  R   xy
 2 

tan x
s 
2 2 xy
y
Note : defines two angles separated by 90o

and offset from  p by 45o

 x  y
   ave  2

7 - 12