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CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
7 Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf Transformations of
David F. Mazurek
Stress and Strain
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Contents
Introduction
Transformation of Plane Stress
Principal Stresses
Maximum Shearing Stress
Example 7.01
Sample Problem 7.1
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
Example 7.02
Sample Problem 7.2
General State of Stress
Application of Mohr’s Circle to the Three-Dimensional Analysis of Stress
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials Under Plane Stress
Fracture Criteria for Brittle Materials Under Plane Stress
Stresses in Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
Transformation of Plane Strain
Mohr’s Circle for Plane Strain
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain
Measurements of Strain: Strain Rosette
Introduction
• The most general state of stress at a point may
be represented by 6 components,
x , y , z normal stresses
xy , yz , zx shearing stresses
(Note : xy yx , yz zy , zx xz )
Introduction
• Plane Stress - state of stress in which two faces of
the cubic element are free of stress. For the
illustrated example, the state of stress is defined by
x , y , xy and z zx zy 0.
Principal Stresses
• The previous equations are combined to
yield parametric equations for a circle,
x ave 2 x2y R 2
where
2
x y x y 2
ave R xy
2 2
2
x y 2
max R xy
2
x y
tan 2 s
2 xy
Example 7.01
SOLUTION:
• Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
2 xy
tan 2 p
x y
• Determine the principal stresses from
2
Fig. 7.13 x y x y 2
max,min xy
For the state of plane stress shown, 2 2
determine (a) the principal planes, • Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
(b) the principal stresses, (c) the 2
maximum shearing stress and the x y 2
max xy
corresponding normal stress. 2
x y
2
Example 7.01
SOLUTION:
• Find the element orientation for the principal
stresses from
2 xy 2 40
tan 2 p 1.333
x y 50 10
2 p 53.1, 233.1
Fig. 7.13
p 26.6, 116 .6
x 50 MPa xy 40 MPa
x 10 MPa • Determine the principal stresses from
2
x y x y 2
max,min xy
2 2
20 302 402
max 70 MPa
min 30 MPa
Fig. 7.14
Example 7.01
• Calculate the maximum shearing stress with
2
x y 2
max xy
2
302 402
Fig. 7.13 max 50 MPa
x 50 MPa xy 40 MPa s p 45
x 10 MPa s 18.4, 71.6
Fig. 7.16
y
Mc
150 Nm 0.015 m
4 0.015 m
4
I 1
xy
Tc
270 Nm 0.015 m
J 1
2 0 . 015 m 4
p 30.5, 59.5
2
x y x y
max, min xy2
2 2
2
0 56.6 0 56.6
50.9
2
2 2
P P
x , y xy 0 x y xy
A 2A
Tc Tc
x y 0 xy x y xy 0
J J
Example 7.02
Fig. 7.13
Example 7.02
• Principal planes and stresses
max OA OC CA 20 50
max 70 MPa
min OB OC BC 20 50
min 30 MPa
FX 40
tan 2 p
CP 30
2 p 53.1
p 26.6
Example 7.02