Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Edition
Fifth
Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek
Poisson’s Ratio
Shearing Strain
Fig. 2-47
Example 2.10
SOLUTION:
• Determine the average angular
deformation or shearing strain of
the block.
• Apply Hooke’s law for shearing stress
and strain to find the corresponding
shearing stress.
A rectangular block of material with
modulus of rigidity G = 630 MPa is • Use the definition of shearing stress to
bonded to two rigid horizontal plates. find the force P.
The lower plate is fixed, while the
upper plate is subjected to a horizontal
force P. Knowing that the upper plate
moves through 1.0 mm. under the
action of the force, determine a) the
average shearing strain in the material,
and b) the force P exerted on the plate.
P = 156.2 kN
SOLUTION:
• Apply the generalized Hooke’s Law • Evaluate the deformation components.
to find the three components of
$ B A = # x d = (+ 0.533 "10 !3 mm/mm)(225mm )
normal strain.
! B A = +0.12mm
) *) *)
+x = + x ! y ! z
E E E $ C D = # z d = (+ 1.600 "10 !3 mm/mm)(225mm )
1 ( 1 %
= (84 MPa )! 0 ! (
140 MPa ) ! C D = +0.36mm
70 "10 MPa &'
3
3 #$
= +0.533 "10 !3 mm/mm $ t = # y t = (! 1.067 "10 !3 mm/mm)(18mm )
*) ) *)
+y = ! x + y ! z " t = !0.0192mm
E E E
= !1.067 "10 !3 mm/mm
*) *) ) • Find the change in volume
+z = ! x ! y + z
E E E
= +1.600 "10 !3 mm/mm e = $ x + $ y + $ z = 1.067 !10 #3 mm3 /mm3
"V = eV = 1.067 !10 #3 (380 ! 380 !18)mm3
!V = +2733mm3
Composite Materials
• Fiber-reinforced composite materials are formed
from lamina of fibers of graphite, glass, or
polymers embedded in a resin matrix.
Saint-Venant’s Principle
• Loads transmitted through rigid
plates result in uniform distribution
of stress and strain.
• Saint-Venant’s Principle:
Stress distribution may be assumed
independent of the mode of load
application except in the immediate
vicinity of load application points.
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2- 11
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fifth
Beer • Johnston • DeWolf • Mazurek
Example 2.12
SOLUTION:
• Determine the geometric ratios and
find the stress concentration factor
from Fig. 2.64b.
Determine the largest axial load P
that can be safely supported by a • Find the allowable average normal
flat steel bar consisting of two stress using the material allowable
portions, both 10 mm thick, and normal stress and the stress
respectively 40 and 60 mm wide, concentration factor.
connected by fillets of radius r = 8 • Apply the definition of normal stress to
mm. Assume an allowable normal find the allowable load.
stress of 165 MPa.
(b) Flat bars with fillets • Apply the definition of normal stress
to find the allowable load.
P = A" ave = (40 mm )(10 mm )(90.7 MPa )
= 36.3 ! 103 N
P = 36.3 kN
Elastoplastic Materials
• Previous analyses based on assumption of
linear stress-strain relationship, i.e.,
stresses below the yield stress
• Assumption is good for brittle material
which rupture without yielding
• If the yield stress of ductile materials is
exceeded, then plastic deformations occur
• Analysis of plastic deformations is
simplified by assuming an idealized
elastoplastic material
• Deformations of an elastoplastic material
are divided into elastic and plastic ranges
• Permanent deformations result from
loading beyond the yield stress
Plastic Deformations
Residual Stresses
P = Pr + Pt
! = ! r = !t