A 20°, full-depth, involute spur gear with 18 teeth has a

diametral pitch of 12, determine the following:

Given: Pd = 12 in. N = 18

a. The pitch circle diameter

SOLUTION:
N 18
d= d= d = 1.5in.
Pd 12

b. The diameter of the base circle

SOLUTION:
db = d•cosθ db = 1.5•cos(20°) db = 1.4095389321 in.
db = 1.410 in.

c. The diameter of the addendum circle

SOLUTION:
1 1
a= a= a = 0.08333333333 in.
Pd 12

a = 0.083
da = d + 2a da = 1.5 + 2(0.083) da = 1.666 in.

d. The diameter of the dedendum circle

SOLUTION:
1.25 1.25
b= b= b = 0.1041666667 in.
Pd 12

b = 0.104
db = d - 2b db = 1.5 - 2(0.104) db = 1.292 in.

e. The circular pitch

SOLUTION:
π π
𝑝= 𝑝= 𝑝 = 0.2617993878 in.
Pd 12

𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝐢𝐧.
πd π(1.5)
𝑝= 𝑝= 𝑝 = 0.2617993878 in.
N 18

𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝐢𝐧.
 Two plastic, 48-pitch, 25°, full-depth, involute spur gears are
used on an electric shaver. The pinion has 18 teeth and the gear has
42, determine the following:
Given: Pd = 48 in. N1 = 18 N2 = 42

a. The center distance

Solution:
N1 + N 2 18 + 42
C external gears = C external gears =
2 Pd 2 (48)

C external gears = 0.625 in.

b. The contact ratio

Solution:
For d1 & r1
N1 18
d1 = d1 = d1 = 0.375 in.
Pd 48
d1 0.375
r1 = r1 = r1 = 0.188 in.
2 2

For d2 & r2
N2 42
d2 = d2 = d2 = 0.875 in.
Pd 48
d2 0.875
r2 = r2 = r2 = 0.438 in.
2 2

For a
1 1
a= a= a = 0.021
Pd 48

For Pb
πd1 cosθ πd2 cosθ πd1 cosθ
Pb = = Pb =
N1 N2 N1
π•0.375•cos(25°)
Pb = Pb = 0.05931770595 in.
18

Pb = 0.059 in.
Alternative:
πd1 cosθ πd2 cosθ πd2 cosθ
Pb = = Pb =
N1 N2 N2
π•0.875•cos(25°)
Pb = Pb = 0.05931770595 in.
42

Pb = 0.059 in.

For Z
Z = √(r2 + a2 )2 − (r2 cosθ)2 – r2 sinθ + √(r1 + a1 )2 − (r1 cosθ)2 –
r1 sinθ
Z = √(0.438 + 0.021)2 − (0.438cos25°)2 – 0.438 • sin25° +
√(0.188 + 0.021)2 − (0.188cos25°)2 – 0.188 • sin25°

Z = 0.0869144226 in. Z =0.087 in.

For mp
Z 0.087
mp = mp = mp = 1.474576271
Pb 0.059

𝐦𝐩 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟓

c. Whether interference will occur

For Interference
{N1 2 sin2 θ−4k2 }
N2 < N1 = 18, N2 = 42, k = 1
4k−2N1 sin2 θ

(182 )sin (25°)2 −4(1)2 }

42 < 42 < -22.16968341
4(1)−2(18)sin (25°)2

42 < -22.17 = ∞
Therefore, there is no interference; interference is not a foreseeable
problem.

For checking only (from the table) : *not required*

(92 )sin (25°)2 −4(1)2 }
N2 < = 13 Max
4(1)−2(9)sin (25°)2

(102 )sin (25°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = 32 Max
4(1)−2(10)sin (25°)2
 (112 )sin (25°)2 −4(1)2 }
N2 < = 249 Max
4(1)−2(11)sin (25°)2

(122 )sin (25°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = -75.80 = ∞
4(1)−2(12)sin (25°)2

(132 )sin (20°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = 16.45 Max
4(1)−2(13)sin (20°)2

(142 )sin (20°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = 26.12 Max
4(1)−2(14)sin (20°)2

(152 )sin (20°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = 45.49 Max
4(1)−2(15)sin (20°)2

(162 )sin (20°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = 101.07 Max
4(1)−2(16)sin (20°)2

(172 )sin (20°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = 1309.86 Max
4(1)−2(17)sin (20°)2

(182 )sin (20°)2 −4(1)2 }

N2 < = -160.52 = ∞
4(1)−2(18)sin (20°)2

d. A center distance that reduces backlash from a vendor value of

0.4/Pd to an AGMA-recommended value of 0.1/Pd

0.4 0.1
Bvendor value = Brecommended =
Pd Pd
0.4 0.1
Bvendor value = Brecommended =
48 48

Bvendor value = 0.0083 in. Brecommended = 0.0021 in.

∆B Bvendor value − Brecommended

∆C ≈ ∆C ≈
2(tanθ) 2(tanθ)
0.0083 − 0.0021
∆C ≈ ∆C ≈ 0.006647971454 in.
2(tan25°)

∆C ≈ 0.0066 in.
Cadjusted = C external gears - ∆C
Cadjusted = 0.625in. - 0.0066 in.
𝐂𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 = 0.6184 in.
*Not Required*
Given: pd = 48 N1 = 18 N2 = 42

For Pinion
N1 18
Pitch Circle Diameter d= =
Pd 48

Pitch Circle Diameter 𝐝 = 0.375 in.

Base circle Diameter db = d•cosθ = 0.375•cos25°

Base circle Diameter db = 0.340 in.

1 1
Addendum a= =
Pd 48

Addendum a = 0.021 in.

Addendum Circle Diameter da = d + 2a = 0.375 + 2(0.021)

Addendum Circle Diameter da = 0.417 in.

1.25 1.25
Dedendum b= =
Pd 48

Dedendum b = 0.026 in.

Dedendum Circle Diameter db = d - 2b = 0.375 – 2(0.026)

Dedendum Circle Diameter db = 0.323 in.

πd π x 0.375
Circular Pitch 𝑝= =
N 18

Circular Pitch 𝒑 = 0.065 in.

For Gear
N1 18
Pitch Circle Diameter d= =
Pd 48

Pitch Circle Diameter d = 0.875 in.

Base circle Diameter db = d•cosθ = 0.875•cos25°

Base circle Diameter db = 0.793 in.

1 1
Addendum a= =
Pd 48

Addendum a = 0.021 in.

Addendum Circle Diameter da = d + 2a = 0.875 + 2(0.021)

Addendum Circle Diameter da = 0.917 in.

1.25 1.25
Dedendum b= =
Pd 48

Dedendum b = 0.026 in.

Dedendum Circle Diameter db = d - 2b = 0.875 – 2(0.026)

Dedendum Circle Diameter db = 0.823 in.

πd π x 0.875
Circular Pitch 𝑝= =
N 42

Circular Pitch 𝒑 = 0.065 in.

1.571 1.571
Circular Tooth Thickness t= Pd
=
48

Circular Tooth Thickness t = 0.033 in.

0.300 0.300
Fillet Radius rf = =
Pd 48

Fillet radius rf = 0.0063 in.

 2.000 2.000
Working Depth hk = =
Pd 48

Working Depth hk = 0.0417 in.

2.250 2.250
Whole Depth ht = =
Pd 48

Whole Depth ht = 0.0470 in.

0.250 0.250
Minimum Clearance c= =
Pd 48

Minimum Clearance c = 0.0052 in.