FCE 351 ENGINEERING SURVEYING II

LEAD QUESTIONS 2021/2022.

1. What is a survey control point?

2. What are the purposes of control networks?

3. Cite the distinction among the following methods used for control surveys.
(i) Traversing
(ii) Triangulation
(iii) Trilateration
(iv) Triangulateration
(v) Traversing
(vi) Inertial surveying system.

4. Differentiate between Intersection and Resection in the coordination of a single

point.

5. Differentiate between true, magnetic and grid bearings.

6. Give the basic principle of fixing a point on the earth’s surface using artificial
satellite.

7. The following survey data is given:

Coordinates of point A: +1932.76mE + 770.47mN
Coordinates of point G: +2016.29mE +952.18mN
Bearing A to F 295∘25’ 45’’
Distance A to F 91.88 m
Find the coordinates of F and the length of FG.

8. Explain the three components embodying engineering survey.

9. Briefly explain how the linear separation between two points on the earth’s surface
could be determined using:

(i) Satellite derived techniques

(ii) Subtense bar
(iii) The stadia hairs.
(iv) Odometer

10. Explain the four commonly used methods of heighting.

11. Give at least five uses of levelling.

12. Discuss the basic features of the four commonly used level types.

13. Highlight the main factors which affect accuracy of ordinary levelling.

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14. “Precise levelling requires further refinements of field techniques and
instrumentation to those applied in Ordinary Levelling”. Discuss.

15. What is the purpose of reciprocal levelling?

16. Complete the following leveling booking and calculate the reduced levels of all
stations by both the “rise and fall” and “height of collimation” methods. Apply all
arithmetic checks possible and misclosure distribution. (See Table 1)

Table 1

BS IS FS RL STATION
1.76 100.00 A
0.94 B
1.05 1.34 C
0.51 D
0.61 E
0.32 F
1.53 1.09 G
1.01 H
0.33 I

RL of I = 101.58m.

17. The following figures were extracted from a level field book; some of the entries are
illegible because of exposure to rain. Insert the missing figures and check your
results. Re-book all the figures by the rise and fall method, and state advantage of
this method of booking.

Table 2
BS IS FS H of I RL Remarks
? 279.08 277.65 OBM
2.01 ?
? 278.07
3.37 0.40 ? 278.68
2.98 ?
1.41 280.64
? 281.37 TBM

18. What is the purpose of ‘reconnaissance’ or ‘recce’ in traversing fieldwork?

19. Highlight the common errors associated with angular measurements in survey
traversing.

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20. Discuss the three methods commonly used in the distribution of the traverse
misclosure to obtain the final adjusted coordinates of the traverse points.

21. Discuss the main factors that affect accuracy of ordinary levelling.

22. Summarize the characteristics of height contours.

23. A traverse was run from control points W6 to W5 with the observed bearing and
outside orientation as shown in Table 3.

Table 3
STATION OBSERVED BEARINGS
@W6
W5 350012’ 36”
R1 236034’ 38”
@R1
W6 560 34’ 27”
R2 3390 34’ 36”
@R2
R1 1590 34’34”
R3 3470 04’ 50”
@R3
R2 1670 04’ 47”
R4 3380 27’ 19”
@R4
R3 1580 27’ 13”
R5 3480 26’ 23”
@R5
R4 1680 26’ 17”
R6 910 04’ 47”
@R6
R5 2710 04’ 45”
W5 970 29’ 51”
@W5
R6 2770 29’ 48’’
W4 220 34’ 12”

Coordinates of the control points are

+N +E
W4 -117460.455 16001.496
W5 -117624.213 15933.400
W6 -117924.273 15985.183

(i) Prepare the bearing sheet to obtain adjusted bearings.

(ii) Compute the final adjusted coordinates of the new traverse points.

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24. Briefly describe the five cross-sections commonly used in the computation of
earthworks related to road construction.

25. Calculate the side widths and cross-sectional area of an embarkment to a road with
formation width of 12.50m, side-slope 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, when the centre
height is 3.10m and the existing ground level has a cross-fall of 1:12 at right angles
to the centreline of embankment.

26. Briefly explain the three methods used in computation of volume based on cross-
sections of the linear features giving the basic mathematical formula for deriving the
volume.

27. Tabulated below are the areas within the contour lines at the site of reservoir,
obtained by planimeter from a plan of scale 1:1000

Contour Level (m) Area (mm2)

60 85.160
58 79.355
56 70.900
54 61.835
52 56.747
50 40.290
48 16.900
If the lowest draw off level is 48m and the maximum top water level is 60m,
estimate the full storage capacity.

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 28. Table 4 shows the individual volume calculations within each strip bound by cross-
sections at chosen chainages. The bulking or shrinking factors are also included. Fill
in the missing data required to facilitate drawing of Mass-haul curve.

Table 4
Chainages Cut Fill (-) Bulking/ Corrected individual Aggregate volumes
(metres) (+) shrinkage volumes (m3) (m3)
Factors Cut (+) Fill (-) Cut (+) Fill (-)
0 - - -
50 40 800 1.1
100 730 - 1.1
150 910 - 1.1
200 760 - 1.1
250 450 - 1.1
300 80 110 -
350 - 520 -
400 - 900 -
450 - 1120 -
500 - 970 -
550 - 620 -
600 200 200 0.8
650 590 - 0.8
700 850 - 0.8
750 1120 - 0.8

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