Behaviour of Ideal Gases

Energy: Energy is what we use to make things happen. Thermodynamically energy is the
ability to do work
Work: Work is what we do with energy. Action of a force moving under restraint
through a distance is called work.

Potential Energy: Potential energy is the same as stored energy. The "stored" energy is
held within the gravitational field. This is the energy resulting from the position and
arrangement of matter.
Ex: If you stretch a rubber band, you will give it potential energy.
A drawn bow is able to store energy as the result of its position.
A charged storage battery, a lump of coal etc..
Energy resides within the structure of matter is known as Internal potential energy and
energy as a results of position relative to earth is known as External potential energy.

Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object which has motion -
whether it be vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy.
Ex: Energy of a running car
Energy of swinging pendulum
Energy of flow of a river etc..
Individual molecules have kinetic energy by virtue of their vibrational (the energy due to
vibrational motion), rotational (the energy due to rotational motion), and translational
(the energy due to motion from one location to another) motions. The kinetic energy
associated with molecular and atomic structure is known as Internal kinetic energy and
where as the energy associated with the external motion is known as External kinetic
energy.
Energy can be transformed in to one form to another and this transformation of energy is
dealt in thermodynamics.

Law of Conservation of energy: states that the total amount of energy in any isolated
system remains constant but cannot be recreated, although it may change forms, In other
words, energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or
destroyed.
Whenever energy is changing from one form to another or it is transferring from one
body to another, it requires influence of driving force.
Heat: Matter is made up of atoms and molecules (groupings of atoms) and energy causes
the atoms and molecules to always be in motion - either bumping into each other or
vibrating back and forth. The motion of atoms and molecules creates a form of energy
called heat or thermal energy which is present in all matter.
Temperature: is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a
substance. Since it is an average measurement, it does not depend on the number of
particles in an object.
Whenever energy is transferring from a hot body to cold body, here temperature gradient
is the driving force and the transfer of internal energy is the heat.
Heat energy