EXPERIMENT NO.

08
AIM: Characteristic of BJT: BJT in CE
configuration
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Sr. No. Components/
Instruments | Specification Quantity
Used
Transistor NPN BC 147 or CL-100
Power Supply
5V, 15V Variable 2
DMM as Voltmeter
(0-20V) Mastech (MAS830L) 2
DMM as Ammeter
(0-20mA) Mastech (MAS830L)2
Resistance KQ 2
Connecting Wires Leads Single Core 8-10

THEORY:

A transistor is a 3 terminal device. It can be considered as the combination of two

transistor the
diodes. In a transistor there are 3 regions: 1.emitter 2.base 3.Collector. In an NPN
emitter and collector are n types, and base is p type. In any transistor emitter is heavily doped,
of transistor the
lightly doped and collector is moderately doped. For proper working
the
base is
collector base junction should be reverse
emitter base junction should be forward biased and
emitter is common to both input and output.
biased. In a common emitter configuration,

1.0Kohm
(0-200mA)

RB

100K 0-200hu

VCE
VBe VBE(v
(0-20v) (v 0 20V)
Vcc
(0-30)
(0.33V)

circuit.
Common emitter
Fig. 1:
The input characteristics
controlled device.
is a current resistance can
transistor-BJT) input
Iransistor (bipolar
base emitter voltage. The dynamic
base current and keeping the output voltage
uCaplotbetween the characteristics by

iculated by taking the slope of the inputbetween collector

current and collector emitter

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c is
a plot emitter
current gain B can be
Consta
l 1 h e output the c o m m o n
constant. Now
current
volta
a g e by keeping the input
37
 d as a ratio between collector current and
calculated
base current at a particular value or
ou
voltage
llector emitter voltage).
The input characteristics:

raw input
draw
input chara
characteristic the input supply VBE is varied and corresponding current ig i>
To
notedwith each incremental step, while the output supply is kept nstant throughout the step.
The input
impedance, Ri=VBE IB at VCE Constant (1)

Input Characeristics of BJT

-0

0.2

O.1 -02 0.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.6

Base Emitter Voltage VaE (Volit)

Fig.2 Input characteristic curve

The output characteristics:

is
VCE is varied and corresponding current Ic
To draw output characteristics the output supply
current IB is kept constant throughout
the step.
noted with each incremental step, while the input

The output impedance, Ro

=
VCE/Ic at Iß constant (2)

The current gain, ß =

Ic/ IB at VCE constant (3)

of BJT
Output Characteristics
L ACtive Region

le=50mnA
le m 40mA
le0mA
30
le- 20mA
le10mA
le OmA
Cut otr regien

Collector Base Voltage Vca (Volt)

characteristic curve
Fig.3 Output
38
 PROCEDUR URE: To plot the input and
mitter guration as in fig. 1. output
put characteristics
of given
give transistor in common
(A) For input racteristics. (Fig.2)
1. KeepVCE Supply at de Svolt i.e. VCE =5V.
2. Slowly increase
VBE Supply in small
3. Tabulate all observations. steps. Note Ig and VBE for each incremental
sp
4, Plot the input cnaracteristic curve from
the observations between IB and VBE. Find
out the slope of the curves as given in relation see
fig2.
(B) For output characteristics. (Fig.3)

1. Keep VCE =0. Adjust Ig =40uA.

2. Slowly increase VcE Supply in small steps. The uAmmeter deflects back as the VcE
get increased. This is due to reverse saturation current ICEO. Re correct IB to

determined value 40uA. Note Ic and VCE with each incremental step.
Care should
3. Repeat step2 for different values of IB say 80uA increment for each step.
be taken to re-correct IB through the steps.
4. Tabulate the observations.
between Ic and VCE. Fix an
curves from the observations,
5. Plot the output characteristic
the slope of the curve as given in
in the middle of the curves; find out
operating point
relation (2) and (3). See fig3.
OBSERVATIONS:

(A) For input characteristics.

VCE-2Volt
VCE-3Volt
VCE=1Volt VBE (Volt) | IB (mA)
Sr. VBE (Volt) | IB (mA)
No. VBE (Volt) Is (mA)

39
9
10.
 (B) For output characteristics.
Sr. IB (LA)
No. VCE (Volt) Ic (mA) IB (LA)
VCE (Volt) |Ic (mA) IB (uA)
. VCE (Volt) Ic (mA)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Result And Discussion:

Thus, the input and output characteristic of CE configuration is plotted.

Precautions:
1. Power supply voltage should be zero before starting the experiment.

2. Connect the voltmeter and ammeter in correct polarities.

the circuit connections as per the circuit
unless you have checked
3. Do not switch on the power supply

diagram.