What is the main structure of human DNA?

All humans have the same set of genes. Each gene has a long sequence of DNA and it is this that tells
our cells how to work, for example telling them which molecules to make or what proteins to
produce. The sequence is divided into smaller parts called exons and introns. When a cell copies DNA
from one part of the body to another, only exons are copied as introns are ignored, much like we
might copy out only the sentences in this text rather than all letters on the page.
As there is a lot of DNA in each cell, it must be contained within the membrane that surrounds the
nucleus. The DNA is organised into a series of discs called chromosomes. They are made up of DNA,
proteins and other large molecules that organise the structure. At least 22 pairs of chromosome are
present in each cell, one copy coming from each parent, though females only have one copy of the X
chromosome (in males this is present as two Xs). All together this contains over 100 000 genes, so
that humans have much more than other mammals (although some species do have a similar
number).
The structure of the DNA is much the same in all chromosomes. There are stretches of DNA which are
repeated throughout many chromosomes (these are called genes), but the main part of each
chromosome is the control region, where the genes are found. The control region consists of a set of
"regions", each with a different function. These regions can be split up into a number that indicate
how they look on their own and others that tell how they work together to make more complex
structures. These regions can also be split up into more parts so that many different kinds of
structures can be made.