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6
Àemiob
]fhdf mb oaetbeima
6. Xbsu`be blboutiva .............................................................................................................. =
8. Feædisis situfoiaefd
situfoiaefd .............................................................................................................. =
2.6. Zramuota...................................................................................................................... 66
2.=. Zra`aoiÿe................................................................................................................... 7=
2.=.?. Mbsfrradda
efoiaefd. mb ue bsqub`f mb puhdioimfm ietbrefoiaefd pfrf uef b`prbsf
............................................................................................................................. 79
8
3. Oaeodusiaebs
Oaeodusiaebs ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... .................. 32
>. Febxas .........................
......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ........................... 37
?
6. Xbsu`be blboutiva
Bd praybota bstæ bdfharfma oae bd gie mb rbfdizfr ue pdfe mb ebcaoias, pdfe mb
`frkbtiec ietbrefoiaefd y ue pdfe mb bxpartfoiÿe pfrf df b`prbsf Ofgé
Oapfofhfef, bd oufd bstfræ begaofma be df vbetf mbd pramuota
pra muota (ofgé) fd `brofma
lfpaeés. Dubca mb ue bstumia m
mb
b `brofma, df bdfharfoiÿe mbd `ix `
`frkbtiec
frkbtiec y das
foubrmas oa`broifdbs qub Hadivif tibeb oae Lfpÿe, sb husofræ betrfr be bd
`brofma par `bmia mb mistietfs bstrftbcifs mb `frkbtiec y tf`hiée sb tbemræ bd
gdula mb oflf mb df b`prbsf pfrf vbr qub bd praybota bs rbetfhdb y sb pubmb
ahtbebr utidimfmbs par `bmia mb df bxpartfoiÿe. Fmb`æs, sb rbfdizfræ bd bstumia
pfrf vbr ouæd mb das `uonas pramuotas qub agrbob df b`prbsf bs gfotihdb bxpartfr
f Lfpÿe y vbrigiofr si bd eivbd mb ofefd mb mistrihuoiÿe bs bd fmboufma pfrf miona
pramuota, parqub sbræ ebobsfria pdfeigiofr pfrtioipfr be uef gbrif ietbrefoiaefd
yf sbf be bd pfàs mb mbstiea a be uef mb dfs gbrifs ietbrefoiaefdbs mb Das
Æecbdbs.
]ama bsta oae bd gie mb vbrigiofr das mftas qub sb fefdizfrae be bd bstumia mb
`brofma y das oufdbs gubrae hfsbs pfrf bd mbsfrradda mb ofmf uef mb dfs
bstrftbcifs mbd `frkbtiec `ix ietbrefoiaefd.
8. Feædisis situfoiaefd
8.6. Nistarif
B`prbsf ofgé Oapfofhfef _.F.
Iemustrifs Oapfofhfef _.F. efob oae bd ebcaoia mbd ofgé bd> mb fhrid mb 6923, das
guemfmarbs mae Nuca Of`fona Zrfma y su bspasf @frtf Cfroif Fcrbmf,
tbeibema df iequibtum mb supbrfoiÿe y bd mbsba mb tbebr uef b`prbsf prapif,
fefdizfrae fdtbreftivfs mb ebcaoias be df oiumfm mb Df Zfz y oa`a rbsudtfma mb
bstb feædisis, vibrae oaevbeibetb df fotivimfm mbd ofgé. Df i`partfeoif qub tbeàf
bstb pramuota be df boaea`àf `uemifd be bsb betaeobs.
F pfrtir mbd föa 69>2 sb bstfhidizf df situfoiÿe padàtiof, boaeÿ`iof y saoifd mbd
pfàs, be bd föa 699:, iemustrifs Oapfofhfef ieioif df bxpartfoiÿe mb ofgé f
=
pramuota, das vfdarbs mb bstf b`prbsf sae pfrtb guemf`betfd mb bstf nistarif mb
bsgubrza, mbmiofoiÿe y gb, vfdarbs qub be
b e bstb `bmia sida mb trfhfla oaestfetb, nf
nbona mb ofgé Oapfofhfef bd `blar ofgé mb Hadivif.
8.8. ]rfybotarif
Ofgé Oapfofhfef yf obdbhra 29 föas mb orbfoiÿe mb df b`prbsf mbmiofmf f
iemustrifdizfr bd crfea mb ofgé qub sb pramuob be Ear Yuecfs, oae bd qub ddbcfe
ea sada fd pfàs, siea qub sb oaestituybe be das `fyarbs bxpartfmarbs.
?. Mifceastioa GAMF
Gartfdbzfs Apartueimfmbs
- Ofdimfm b nicibeb be tamas das - Fpbrturf mb eubvfs suoursfdbs.
pramuotas. - @blarfr bd f`hibetb mb trfhfla
- Zrboias foobsihdbs f tama - _brvioia mb betrbcf f ma`ioidia
hadsidda. - Fmquisioiÿe mb eubvf
- _fharbs m
migbrbetbs
igbrbetbs f df mb df `fquiefrif pfrf df pramuooiÿe y
oa`pbtbeoif. mistrihuoiÿe.
2
- Wfribmfm mb odibetbs be bd
`brofma.
F`befzfs Mbhidimfmbs
- Df oa`pbtbeoif sfqub fd - Gfdtf mb pbrsaefd mb sbrvioia
`brofma bd `is`a - @fdf ftbeoiÿe mb pfrtb mb
b`prbemi`ibeta. oflbras a bd pbrsaefd mb ftbeoiÿe
- Zrahdb`fs saoifdbs y padàtioas. fd odibetb.
- Mbsfoubrma mb b`pdbfmas - Zaof vbetf murfetb df sb`fef a
rbspbota fd sfdfria. tb`parfmfs.
- Gfdtf mb ieioiftivfs pfrf eubvfs - Zasihdb `fdf uhiofoiÿe mb
bstrftbcifs. oibrtfs suoursfdbs.
7
pramuooiÿe.
=.?. Wfdarbs
Oa`pra`isa< oae eubstras pfàsbs, oae das odibetbs y oae easatras `is`as,
tbeibema df crfe rbspaesfhidimfm mb sbr das `blarbs be bd ruhra mb ofgé be bd
`uema.
Zfsiÿe< bs eubstra `ativfmar f sbr sib`prb `blarbs, oae f`ar f da qub nfob`as
f ofmf mbtfddb, df pfsiÿe qub eas ddbvf
ddb vf fd éxita oaetieua.
3
>
Wbetfs
Xboupbrfoiÿe mb df ievbrsiÿe
_aoias
Ievbrsiaeistfs
9
_BC@BE]FOIßE MB @BXOFMA
XBCIAE Kfesfi
OIRMFM Asfkf
@FOXAMI_]XI]A -------
6:
Ref vbz oaeaob`as bd pbrgid mbd oaesu`imar y eubstra `brofma bstæ mbhimf`betb
sbc`betfma, fefdizfrb`as df `blar bstrftbcif rbgbrima fd `frkbtiec `ix.
2.6. Zramuota
Bd pramuota qub agrbob df Iemustrif Oapfofhfef _.F bs df dàebf mb pramuotas mbd
ofgé qub sae< ofgé trfmioiaefd, ofgé Zrb`iu` y ofgé iestfetæeba. ]amas das bevfsbs
bstæe nbonas oae ue `ftbrifd tridf`iefma pfrf df ÿpti`f
ÿpti`f oaesbrvfoiÿe mbd pramuota.
GIONF ]ÉOEIOF
MF]A_ MBD ZXAMRO]A
66
pbra utidizfma
u tidizfma tf`hiée oa`a f`
f`hibetfmar,
hibetfmar,
bxgadifetb, pfrf fhaea, btoétbrf.
68
Ofgé Zrb`iu`
Zrbsbetfoiÿe mb hadsf 82: cr
Zrbsbetfoiÿe mb hadsf 2:: cr
Ofgé Iestfetæeba
Zrbsbetfoiÿe mb hadsf 2: cr
Zrbsbetfoiÿe mb hadsf 8:: cr
Zrbsbetfoiÿe mb vimria
vim ria 8:: cr
Zrbsbetfoiÿe mb hadsf pbrsaefd 8 cr
6?
6=
trfespartb y usa.
Fspbota boadÿcioa mbd misböa. Bd misböa bs `uy siceigioftiva pfrf df
b`prbsf, pbra nfhdfema mbd tb`f
boadÿcioa, dfs hadsfs qub sb utidizfe ea
sae hiambcrfmfhdbs a rboiodfhdbs, bsta bs
fdca be da qub df b`prbsf mbhb `blarfr.
Fmfptfhidimfm. _b tibeb fmfptfhidimfm be bd pramuota be
oufeta f df ofetimfm qub sb pubmf
oa`broifdizfr be migbrbetbs pfàsbs, a be bd
62
`brofma daofd.
67
63
GIONF ]ÉOEIOF
MF]A_ MBD BEWF_B
6>
69
8:
GIONF ]ÉOEIOF
MF]A_ MBD B@HFDFLB
86
88
8?
8=
82
Atrf oasf qub ea pamb`as mblfr mb eatfr bs bd oaesu`a mb ofgé par sbc`betb
be df pahdfoiÿe mb Lfpÿe, tbeibema oa`a rbsudtfma qub ue ?,?% mb lueiars sae
87
Zar atrf pfrtb, tf`hiée beoaetrf`as, maemb bs qub sb oaesu`b `æs bd pramuota
mbd ofgé, beoaetræemaeas qub sae das nacfrbs be maemb sb oaesu`b be `fyar
ofetimfm oae ue 78%.
Oae bstas mftas pamb`as mboir qub bd `brofma fd oufd qubrb`as miricireas oae
das pramuotas mb df b`prbsf Ofgé Oapfofhfef, bs ue `brofma rbetfhdb y `uy
bxicbetb par df pahdfoiÿe qub oaetb`pdf.
83
OFGÉ ]A_]FMA
OFGÉ ]A_]FMA
FÖA MB@FEM ^ Y
F
693: 8?:=8 6 8?:=8
6932 =38=8 8 =38=8
69>2 >79>? ? >79>?
6997 6=6:7? = 6=6:7
?
ZXAYBOOI E OFG
?2:::
:
?::::
@ :
R
_
E
A Y
O 82:::
: Zraeÿstioa frf
2:::
:
3 3 > 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9
6 : 6 2 6 2 6 7 6 3 6
F A
8>
Zraeÿstioa
Ahsbrvfoiÿ pfrf Y Xbsimuas Xbsimuas
e bstæemfrbs
89
OFGÉ IE_]FE]FEBA
OFGÉ IE_]FE]FEBA
FÖA MB@FEM ^ Y
F
?:
?6
ZXAYBOOI E OFG
2:::
:
=2::
:
R@ =:::
_
E :
A Y
O ?2::
: Zraeÿstioa frf
?:::
:
3 3 > 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9
6 : 6 2 6 2 6 7 6 3 6 >
F A
?8
Zraeÿstioa
Ahsbrvfoiÿ pfrf Y Xbsimuas Xbsimuas
e bstæemfrbs
Oa`a pamb`as ahsbrvfr, df praybooiÿe qub rbfdizf`as oae das mftas qub
beoaetrf`as nfstf bd föa 8::2, pamb`as ahtbebr ue fpraxi`fma nfstf bd föa
8:86 tfeta be ofgé tastfma oa`a be bd ofgé iestfetæeba.
Bstrftbcifs mb pramuota qub sb usfræe be df bxpartfoiÿe
??
?=
2.8. Zrboia
2.8.6. Gar`udfoiÿe mb prboias mb bxpartfoiÿe.
uef mb dfs vfrifhdbs y fd sbr `uonfs `æs mb dfs qub ietbrvibebe be bd `brofma
efoiaefd sb mbhb oaesimbrfr `uonas fspbotas. Dfs ofrfotbràstiofs mbd `brofma
lfpaeés, das ahlbtivas mb df b`prbsf, dfs padàtiofs a ear`fs mbd pramuota,
mistrihuoiÿe y pra`aoiÿe, fsà oa`a bd ioatbr` qub sb usfrf be b
bstb
stb ofsa GAH.
ta`fema mb rbgbrbeoif prboias mbd `brofma lfpaeés pfrf bstfr mbetra mb das
`ærcbebs.
Zar da tfeta, fd utidizfr bd ioatbr` GAH bd oufd rbpfrtb das oastas, ribscas y
ahdicfoiaebs betrb oa`prfmar y vbembmar, mbhb oaesimbrfrsb oa`a ue oasta mb
bxpartfoiÿe, yf qub be bstf aofsiÿe bd vbembmar (Ofgé Oapfofhfef) oarrbræ oae
tamas das ribscas mb pérmimf a mföa ofusfmas f df `brofeoàf nfstf qub sb
betrbcub df `brofeoàf sbcüe da foarmfma.
?2
Ofdoudfema qub sada sb bxpartfrfe 3: oflfs oae ue tatfd mb 67>: grfsoas mb 8::
cr mb Ofgé Oapfofhfef.
?7
Oa`a rbsudtfma mbd blbroioia tbeb`as qub bd oasta mbd pramuota par bd `étama
GAH bs mb 76262.3> Hs a 7?3=,79 mÿdfrbs par 3: oflfs, ta`fema be oubetf das
oastÿ mb bxpartfoiÿe oa`a df ofrtf mb orémita y bd usa mb df tbr`iefd.
OA_]A_ MIXBO]A_
@F]BXIF ZXI@F
crfeas mb ofofa Vuietfd Hs 3:::.::
Fzüofr quietfd Hs 8=2.::
CF_]A_ MB
ZXAMROOIAE
B`pfqub 6::: b`pfqubs Hs 8.2::.::
Dacatipa 6::: Hs ?2:.::
bstf`pfmas
?3
@FEA MB AHXF
OFXCF_ _AOIFDB_
OA_]A_ IEMIXBO]A_
Bstumias mb `brofma Hs >.:::.::
cfstas pra`aoiaefdbs Hs 2.:::.::
Xbcistra mb `frofs y pftbetbs Hs 6.:::.::
Ofpfoitfoiÿe Hs =2:.::
F_]A_ MB B^ZAX]FOIAE
ZXBOIA_ MB B^ZAX]FOIAE BE
ZDFE]F
Oastas mbd pramuota be pdfetf Hs
B`pfqub y b`hfdflb mb bxpartfoiÿe Hs ?2:.::
Btiqubtfma Hs 68:.::
_BCRXA
Nfstf bd `bmia mb trfespartb
Nfstf f harma mbd trfespartb
Nfstf bd ducfr mb mbstiea
@FEIAHXF_
Ofrcf f ueimfm mb trfespartb
?>
]XFE_ZAX]B
Gdbtb mbd trfespartb efoiaefd
Gdbtb mbd trfespartb ietbrefoiaefd
?9
Rea mb das prieoipfdbs prahdb`fs qub ftrfvibsfe dfs @yZy`bs be Hadivif pfrf
cbebrfr su prapia orboi`ibeta b i`pudsfr bd mbsfrradda daofd, bs df pasihidimfm mb
foobsa fd orémita, yf qub ea oubetfe oae dfs cfrfetàfs ebobsfrifs pfrf sbr sulbtfs
mb orémita.
orémita.
Zfrf foobmbr f dfs cfrfetàfs qub atarcf bd gaema ZXAZY@B REIßE, mbhbe
sicuibetbs das sicuibetbs pfsas<
pfsas<
=:
sbrvioias<
_u ahlbtiva bs agrbobr das sicuibetbs sbrvioias<
=6
Gar`fs mb Orémita<
Orémita<
=8
Hbebgioias
Hbebgioias
=?
?. Zbrgid oa`broifd<
==
=2
=7
y bd fprbemizflb (crupis`a y
futaritfris`a be bd pfsfma nfe sima
gubrtbs, pbra bstæ b`pbzfema f of`hifr
mbhima f df cdahfdizfoiÿe)
b) Bmuofoiÿe -. `uonas lfpaebsbs vfe f
atras pfàsbs pfrf df bmuofoiÿe bxtbe
bxtbemimf.
mimf.
@uonas mb bstas iemivimuas tibembe f
pbr`febobr be bd pfàs be bd qub sb
bstumife dfs migbrbetbs apartueimfmbs
qub Lfpÿe ea pubmb
=3
agrbobrdbs.
=>
=9
=. Oubra
2. Fcraiemustrif
Zrieoipfdbs saoias oa`broifdbs Bstfmas Reimas, Onief, Oarbf mbd _ur,
(bxpartfoiÿe) Naec Kaec, ]fidfemif, Fdb`feif,
_iecfpur, Wibtef`, Fustrfdif, Iemaebsif.
Zrieoipfdbs saoias oa`broifdbs Onief, Bstfmas Reimas, Fustrfdif, Oarbf
(i`partfoiÿe) mbd _ur, Frfhif _fumitf, B`irftas
Ærfhbs Reimas, ]fidfemif,
] fidfemif, Fdb`feif,
Wibtef`, Iemaebsif.
@aeta mb sus bxpartfoiaebs be Bxpartfoiÿe mb Hibebs (@iddaebs mb
mÿdfrbs y bd föa fd qub oarrbspaembe. R_M)
2:
26
Efcayf
Asfkf
]akya
Yakanf`f
Crupas a hdaqubs padàtioas, Zfrtioipfoiÿe mb Lfpÿe be df A@O.
boaeÿ`ioas y oa`broifdbs f das qub Lfpÿe bs @ib`hra mb df A@O mbsmb bd
pbrtbebob 6ºmb bebra mb 6992 y `ib`hra mbd
CF]] mbsmb bd 6: mb sbptib`hrb mb
6922.
Reiÿe Burapbf y Lfpÿe bd hdaqub `æs
28
=. Mftas cbacrægioas<
rbspbota mbd boufmar.
mbd boufmar. Mb
Mb tamfs gar`fs
2?
Lfpÿe bs bd `aetb
bd `aetb Guli (Gulisfe), f ?337
`btras mb fdturf.
Oa`a Lfpÿe sb beoubetrf situfmf be
uef zaef mb `uonf fotivimfm
vadoæeiof, sb pramuobe grboubetbs
vadoæeiof,
tb`hdarbs mb pbquböf `fceitum
Df crfe vfribmfm mb df vbcbtfoiÿe
lfpaebsf (uefs 63 ::: bspboibs) sb
mbhb fd odi`f
fd odi`f y fd rbdibvb.
fd rbdibvb.
Das hasqubs ouhrbe bd 73 % mb df
supbrgioib mbd pfàs y sb oa`paebe be
su `fyaràf mb ærhadbs
mb ærhadbs g rraemasas
aemasas
y oaeàgbrfs
Dfs isdfs sb uhiofe be uef mb dfs zaefs
cbadÿciof`betb `æs iebstfhdbs y
oa`pdblfs mbd pdfebtf. Be cbebrfd, bs
ue pfàs fdtf`betb sàs`ioa f ofusf mb
2=
mbd Zfoàgioa. Be
Zfoàgioa. Be Lfpÿe sb nfe
prbsbetfma oieoa i`partfetbs
tbrrb`atas be das üdti`as 62 föas.
22
Ziræ`imb mb bmfmbs
27
7. Mftas boaeÿ`ioas<
3. Cahibrea<
cbebrfdbs.
23
2>
ietbcrfoiÿe boaeÿ`iof<
- Foubrmas mb oa`pdb`betfoiÿe boaeÿ`iof< sada sb mf prbgbrbeoifs
frfeobdfrifs be fdcueas pramuotas, ea be tamas.
- Ærbfs mb dihrb oa`broia< fquà betrfe das ]DO fdcueas qubmfe oae
pratbooiÿe frfeobdfrif pfrf pramuotas sbesihdbs.
- Foubrmas fmufebras< nfy ueigiofoiÿe mb padàtiof fmufebrf, tamas, das
pfàsbs `ib`hras tibebe das `is`as hbebgioias.
- Df oa`ueimfm boaeÿ`iof< sb dihbrf bd oa`broia mb gfotarbs mb df
pramuooiÿe.
Reiÿe Burapbf
Fsaoifoiÿe Burapbf mb Dihrb Oa`broia
29
Oaapbrfoiÿe ietbrefoiaefd. Wfrias pfàsbs bstfhdbobe uef rbdfoiÿe
`bmifetb df oufd pbrsicube mbtbr`iefmas ahlbtivas oa`uebs be `ftbrif
7:
76
78
• Das pramuotas qub betrfe hfla bd trftf`ibeta mbd _CZ sae< Zramuotas Fcràoadfs
y mb Zbsof< ??3 pfrtimfs frfeobdfrifs mb pramuotas oae prbgbrbeoifs. Zramuotas
Iemustrifdbs<
Bstrftbcif mb pdfzf
7?
Zar atra dfma, df cfefeoif pfrf bd ietbr`bmifria sbræ mbtbr`iefma `æs fmbdfetb be
df bstrftbcif mb prboia maemb sb oaesimbrfræe das oastas y % mb utidimfm qub
prbtbemb cfefr df b`prbsf oae bd praybota mb bxpartfoiÿe.
2.=. Zra`aoiÿe
2.=.6. Zrbpfrfoiÿe mb df b`prbsf
b`prbsf be uef gbrif
gbrif ietbrefoiaefd
Zrieoipfd`betb sb mbhb oaeaobr oibrtas fspbotas pfrf vbr si df b`prbsf bstæ distf
pfrf uef pfrtioipfoiÿe be df gbrif ietbrefoiaefd pfrf da oufd bs ebobsfria sfhbr<
sfhbr<
7=
qué1
±Be qué bvbeta y par qué1
Zar atrf pfrtb, bs ebobsfria imbetigiofr be qub gbrif pfrtioipfr, yf qub bxistbe gbrifs
qub sae feufdbs, ofmf mas föas, bto. fmb`æs mb oaetfr oae gbrifs rbfdizfmfs be
Das Æecbdbs-Ofdigareif par mb`femfetbs mb mistietas pfàsbs par da oufd ea sbràf
ebobsfria fsistir f ue bxpa be bd pfàs mb mbstiea. Be bstb ofsa pfrf df b`prbsf
Ofgé Oapfofhfef sb mboimiÿ pfrtioipfr be df gbrif Gaambx Lfpfe qub bs uef gbrif
ietbrefoiaefd mb tamas das ruhras fdi`betfrias, fmb`æs qub rbfdizf feufd`betb
maemb bd iecrbsa bs rbstriecima mbhima f qub be bstf gbrif sb rbfdizfe oaetrftas
sbrias y praybotfe be ebcaoia f Lfpÿe. ]f`hiée sb mbhb oaetfr oae ue vadu`be
mb pramuooiÿe mb foubrma f df mb`femf mbd `brofma mb da oaetrfria ea sb
s b ta`fræ
be oubetf fd ebcaoia pfrf df gbrif.
gbrif.
72
Be bstb ofsa bd misböa mbd bstæe sbrif bd sicuibetb oae fdcuefs `amigiofoiaebs
sbcüe dfs rbcdfs mb df gbrif GAAMB^ LFZFE, yf qub dfs ofrfotbràstiofs cbebrfdbs
cbebr fdbs
sae<
sae<
- Mi`besiaebs ?x?
?x?
- Idu`iefoiÿe cbebrfd
cbebrfd
Zar atra dfma, mb sb mbhb oaeaobr qué tipa mb fpaya pra`aoiaefd sb ddbvfràf be
bstb ofsa df b`prbsf usfràf da qub sae dfs mb`astrfoiaebs a mbcustfoiaebs,
`ftbrifd mb fpaya, pramuota pra`aoiaefd y pftraoieia par pfrtb mb df gbrif yf qub
OF]BXB^ Y NA]BXB_ LFZFE pfrtioipfrfe oa`a pftraoiefmarbs be df bxpa.
bxpa.
ir1
±Vué sb mbhb nfobr y quibebs mbhbràfe ir1
77
tbebr
Mionas b`pdbfmas mbhbe tbe br oaeaoi`ibeta praguema mbd pramuota, mbhbe fsistir
oa`a fpaya f `frkbtiec a sbcüe bd ahlbtiva be bstb ofsa fpayfr fd mirbotar
cbebrfd, nfhdfr iecdés oa`a `àei`a y mbsbfhdb`betb bd imia`f mbd pfàs fegitriÿe
y oaetfr oae ue oaetrfta bxtrf pfrf df pfrtioipfoiÿe be df gbrif.
gbrif.
_tfem..................................................
_tfem.........................................................
....... >::: f 6:::: mÿdfrbs
mÿdfrbs
73
Das pfsas f sbcuir pfrf i`pdb`betfr bd b-oa``brob par `bmia mb df pæcief wbh
sae das sicuibetb<
7>
Apti`izfoiÿe y Fcrbcfr
oftædaca y Xbfdizfr
mbd sitia wbh
wbh `bmia
ae mb
diebpfca
dieb sapartb b e
ietb rfoiÿ
iÿe
79
3:
Zra`aoiÿe mb vbetfs
Wfddf puhdioitfrif
36
]æotiof< _b oadaofræ uef Wfddf puhdioitfrif qub par su crfe tf`föa ea pfsfræ
mbsfpbroihimf. _b uhiofræ be ue pueta bstrftécioa mbd obetra mb Lfpÿe,
oaesimbrfema qub bs uef mb dfs prieoipfdbs vàfs mb træesita vbnioudfr y pbftaefd.
Oae bstf bstrftbcif sb prbtbemb qub pubmf sbr vistf par bd 6::% mb dfs pbrsaefs
qub trfesourrbe par bsb ducfr, dacrfema ieobetivfr df oa`prf mbd pramuota
@brofmatboeif mirbotf
38
Dfs rbmbs saoifdbs sae uef hubef fdtbreftivf y df of`pföf sbræ miguemimf par dfs
prieoipfdbs rbmbs saoifdbs be Lfpÿe _b pfutfrf be rbmbs oa`a Gfobhaak,
Iestfcrf`, tik-tak, fmb`æs mb uef pæcief wbh, ieodusa oae das `is`
`is`as
as tbsti`aeias
(vaz f vaz), da qub eas pbr`itiræ
pbr `itiræ cbebrfr ue vàeouda bstrbona betrb bd pramuota, df
bxpbribeoif y bd oaesu`imar, das vàeoudas mb dfs rbmbs saoifdbs pubmbe ddbvfr fd
usufria f df pæcief prieoipfd mb Ofgé Oapfofhfef _.F. qub mbhb sbr `amigiofmf
yf qub sbræ ue `brofma migbrbetb, fhaoæemaeas ue paoa `æs fd imia`f utidizfma
be
3?
7. Zdfe mb fooiÿe
7.6. Zracrf`f mb fotivimfmbs
Zfrf pambr rbfdizfr bd bstumia mb `brofma y dfs fotivimfmbs f rbfdizfr pfrf
pambr bxpartfr bd pramuota sbcuirb`as bd sicuibetb oraeacrf`f, mb bstf gar`f
pamrb`as mirbooiaefr ieodusivb df bstrftbcif qub utidizfrb`as y df gar`f be
oÿ`a sbræ df eubvf
eubvf bstruoturf arcfeizfoiaefd pfrf prbsbetfr fd atra pfàs, f su
vbz das iestru`betas ebobsfrias pfrf bvfdufr das pras y oaetrfs mb dfs
bstrftbcifs bsoacimfs.
3=
Zdfe mb fooiÿe mb df
d f bxpartfoiÿe
3. Oaeodusiaebs
_b mbtbr`ieÿ crfoifs f das feædisis mbsfrraddfmas be bd prbsbetb trfhfla qub df
bxpartfoiÿe mb ofgé nfoif bd `brofma lfpaeés rbsudtfràf hbebgioiasf pfrf df
b`prbsf Ofgé Oapfofhfef, fmb`æs mb agrbobr df pasihidimfm mb bxpfemirsb f
mistietas `brofmas ietbrefoiaefdbs.
32
Zar üdti`a, sb mbtbr`ieÿ qub dfs bstrftbcifs rbgbrbetbs fd `frkbtiec `ix sb mbhbe
ir fotufdizfema ofmf ? `bsbs, a sbcüe bd `brofma of`hib, si hibe dfs bstrftbcifs
prapubstfs sae dfs `blar par bd `a`beta bs ieoibrta bd gutura mbd `brofma, par
da qub sbræ ebobsfria mb ue oaetrad y feædisis oaestfetb mb das rbsudtfmas pfrf
qub ea bxistfe pbrmimfs.
>. Febxas
Oubstiaefria
ZF_A 6
±Vué bs mb`fsifma ofra fquà1
X.- Zramuotas mb ofgé bxtrfelbra oa`a sbr Ebsofgé, Ofgé Booa, Lufe Wfdméz.
37
X.- Zar da qub ahsbrvf`as, sadf`betb df mistfeoif qub bxistb betrb dfs
ofgbtbràfs mb df `frof.
X.- _b puma ahsbrvfr qub bstf b`prbsf tibeb `æs suoursfdbs be df oiumfm mb
Df Zfz, y qub ea bstæe mispaeihdbs be df daofdimfm mb Bd Fdta.
ZF_A 8
X. Df dàebf mb pramuotas oae dfs qub sb oubetf si pubmb sbr vbemimas be atras
`brofmas, yf qub sb oubetf oae df ofdimfm rbqubrimf pfrf df bxpartfoiÿe mb
das `is`as.
X.- Re eiona mb `brofma pubmb sbr bd ofgé Zrb`iu` qub bs pfrf pfdfmfrbs
`æs bxicbetbs y bstæ bdfharfma oae uef gief sbdbooiÿe mb crfeas mb ofgé.
3>
X.- Bd ofgé bs uea mb das pramuotas `æs utidizfmas par dfs `ulbrbs qub par
na`hrbs, yf qub hriemfe mivbrsas gfotarbs qub fyumfe fd oubrpa nu`fea,
X.- Oae bd pramuota qub qubrb`as bxpartfr pamb`as fefdizfr bd éxita qub
tuvibrae pramuotas si`idfrbs gubrf mb sus pfàsbs oae bd gie mb vbr dfs
bstrftbcifs qub fpdiofrae pfrf oaesbcuir miona éxita.
±Fdcüe hube pramuota a sbrvioia qub nuhibsb gfddfma fnarf pamràf tbebr éxita 1
X .- Vub nfddf`as qub bd ofgé ea bs tfe bxpdatfma yf qub Df Zfz bs bd
b d üeioa
mbpfrtf`beta bxpartfmar mb ofgé, par da tfeta, sb tibeb df ofpfoimfm mb
bxpartfoiÿe `fyar pfrf qub mb bsf `febrf bxistf ue orboi`ibeta
orboi `ibeta mb 86% be
df bxpartfoiÿe mb ofgé.
X.- Zar bd `a`beta das pramuotas qub tibeb ofgé Oapfofhfef be su ofrtbrf
mb pramuotas sae fobptfmas be bd `brofma daofd, sb tbemràf qub nfobr bd
bstumia mb `brofma pfrf sfhbr ouæd mb bstas sb mbhb supri`ir fd
ietbrefoiaefdizfrda.
X.- Zar bd `a`beta ea, qubrb`as mfr `æs i`partfeoif f eubstra pramuota
pfrf qub tbecf `fyar prbsbeoif be bd `brofma daofd y pastbriar`betb be bd
`brofma ietbrefoiaefd
pfsfràf si sustituyb oa`paebetbs, mi`besiaebs, misböa a `ftbrifdbs be das
pramuotas fotufdbs1
>6
>8
±Oubetf a pamràf oaetfr oae ofpfoimfmbs ebobsfrifs pfrf pramuoir a
oa`broifdizfr bd pramuota, a prbstfr bd sbrvioia be oubstiÿe1
`brofma lfpaeés.
±Zar qué mbsbf bxpartfr1 Mbgief das ahlbtivas qub prbtbemb, rboubrmb qub
mbhbe sbr gfotihdbs, rbprbsbetfr ue rbta, sbr oufetigiofhdbs, bstfr be`frofmas be
bd tib`pa y mbhbe qubmfr par bsorita.
>?
X.- Hbebgioifræ `æs qub tama f das pramuotarbs mb ofgé y fzüofr, qub ddbcfràfe f
sbr eubstras pravbbmarbs oae das qub fd rbfdizfr df bxpartfoiÿe sb dbs vf f pbmir
df `ftbrif pri`f pfrf df bdfharfoiÿe mb das pramuotas.
bxpartfr1
X.- Bd cahibrea pubmb prbstfr fdcüe tipa mb fyumf, oa`a oae bd oaevbeia qub
tibeb fotufd`betb oae Lfpÿe pfrf df bxpartfoiÿe. @fetbeibema das oaevbeias y
gfoiditfema das praobsas pubmb sbr mb `uonf fyumf.
X.- Das vfdarbs fsaoifmas fd ahlbtiva sae< oa`pra`isa, pfsiÿe, ofdimfm, ftbeoiÿe
fd odibetb, trfhfla be bquipa y sbrvioia.
X.- Bd tib`pa
ti b`pa mb ofmf tfrbf bstfræ rbgdblfmf be bd pracrf`
pracrf`f
f mb fotivimfmbs.
±Ouædbs sbræe das bgbotas qub cbebrb df ahtbeoiÿe mb ofmf ahlbtiva y be ouæeta
tib`pa sb ahsbrvfræe das rbsudtfmas1
r bsudtfmas1
X.- Das bgbotas mb ofmf ahlbtiva mfræ oa`a rbsudtfma ue mbsfrradda mb `brofma
X.- Df vbetflf oa`pbtitivf bstfràf `æs qub tama be bd sfhar yf qub fd sbr 6::%
hadivifea bs paoa grboubetb pambr prahfr das crfeas mb ofgé mb bstf rbciÿe be
pfàsbs fsiætioas.
X.- Da qub sb bspbrf bxpartfr sae 3: oflfs, sie b`hfrca, df ofpfoimfm pubmb
sbr `fyar yf qub sb oubetf oae das rboursas sugioibetbs pfrf nfobrda.
±Oubetf df arcfeizfoiÿe oae ue ærbf qub pubmf apbrfr dfs nbrrf`ibetfs pfrf
dfs bxpartfoiaebs, `frkbtiec, dacàstiof, ear`ftivimfm, ebcaoifoiÿe y oaetrftfoiÿe
ietbrefoiaefd1
X.- Bd ærbf mb `frkbtiec bs df qub sb beofrcfràf mb tamas bstas fspbotas, be
oaarmiefoiÿe oae atras mbpfrtf`betas.
>2
X.- Cbebrf`as vfdar par `bmia mb eubstra pramuota, oae das crfeas mb ofgé
ricurasf`betb sbdbooiaefmas pfrf oaesbcuir
oaesbcuir ue vfdar pfrf bd odibetb.
±Vué bdb`betas mbd betarea (frfeobdbs, `fdfs rbdfoiaebs mipda`ætiofs, bto.) sae
mbsgfvarfhdbs pfrf bxpartfr su hibe a sbrvioia1
X.- Bd vadu`be mbd `brofma `btf bs ?33.3== K`8 mb isdfs y ?.:96 K`8 mb fcuf
±Vuiéebs sbràfe das pasihdbs odibetbs1, ±ouæetas sae1, ±mÿemb bstæe1, ±qué
ebobsitfe a dbs custf1, ±oÿ`a sae1, btoétbrf).
>7
X.- Eas miricirb`as f pbrsaefs qub vivfe be df oiumfm Asfkf mb Lfpÿe, qub
bstée betrb dfs bmfmbs mb ?8 f => föas yf sbfe na`hrbs a `ulbrbs, oae ue eivbd
X.- Das oa`pbtimarbs vfe f sbr das qub oubetbe oae ofgé trfmioiaefd be hadsf,
sie b`hfrca, icufd vf f nfhbr oa`pbtbeoif oae bd ofgé be dftf y dfs ofgbtbràfs be
Lfpÿe.