RPMI^DA^AÞI

EXINAGIMDAHIRG Q BAMCIÞ^RANG^
L<-=0\D-5 (L=1;-0<;LB 0) _J;;3T?
L=>-=2\D-5 (L>;;->>;LB 0) _L;=1T?
L=5\D-5 (L>5;LB 0) _L;=1T?
L=;-=0\D-=0HN (L>5;LB 0-HN) _L;=1T?
L<-=0\D-5, L=;\D^-5
(L=1;-0<;LB 0, L0>;LB^) _O;;3T?
L=>-=5\D-5, L=;-=0\D-=0HN
(L >;;->5;LB 0, L>5;LB 0-HN) _J;= 1T

Ig B H [ AHZM 2 =>;; ^ PD =
;>2;50 288
 [PHNMXNAGIH^ BH ^HCXPABMB [MPM HF
DMIRHIADAHIRG Q FM PH[MPMNAÞI
  Numibg sh fhvmithi pahzms g ngijuitgs, mshcúrhsh bh quh tgbms fms hsfaicms, nmbhims g nm`fhs hstíi
ngrrhntmdhith sujhtgs y quh fm nmrcm quh sh hstí fhvmitmibg hstí hquafa`rmbm. Mshcúrhsh bh quh fm crúm, fgs
nm`fhs y fms nmbhims thicmi nmpmnabmb sueanahith pmrm sgpgrtmr hf phsg bh fm nmrcm.
•  Ig fhvmith pahzms phsmbms m dmig, utafanh mfcúi dhnmiasdg bh hfhvmnaþi.
•  Xtafanh cmems bh shcurabmb.
•  BH^NGIHNRH HF NGIHNRGP BH @MRHPÄM^ miths bh rhmfazmr numfquahr gphrmnaþi bh
dmithiadahitg g rhpmrmnaþi hi nmrrhtaffms hfhvmbgrms hfántranms. Hi fms nmrrhtaffms hfhvmbgrms bh ngd`ustaþi
aithrim, bhsngihnth hf nm`fh bh dmsm bh fm `mthräm
•  Xtafanh sahdprh `fgquhs ngrrhntgs pmrm hvatmr quh fm uiabmb sh duhvm g sh nmacm. Ngisufth fm shnnaþi
NÞDG NGFGNMP FM NMPPHRAFFM HFHUMBGPM^ ^G@PH @FG]XH^ hi hf  Dmiumf bhf Xsumrag  g hi fm
shnnaþi Dmithiadahitg phraþbang.
•  Dmithicm fm nmrrhtaffm y hf írhm bh trm`mjg fadpams y hi grbhi.
•  Xtafanh fms lhrrmdahitms mbhnumbms pmrm hf trm`mjg.
•  Dmithicm fms lhrrmdahitms fadpams y hi `uhims ngibanagihs.

•  Xbht`afhanrhí is anhudprhfa rp agh zsmusphLrGmrD fmGsF hGspChnMaeBanMm^na g[iGhsP bLhQf e^mR`HraPnm pimthrm

b rhf mhfqazumarp gfm gsr rachapimrfm. nagihs. Fms pahzms bh rhpuhstg
•  Mshcúrhsh bh quh sh lmymi rhtarmbg tgbms fms tuhrnms, tgriaffgs, miaffgs hfístangs y gtrgs baspgsatavgs bh
sujhnaþi miths bh lmnhr euhrzm pmrm bhsdgitmr fms pahzms.
• Ngfgquh sahdprh uinmrthf ngihf mvasg EXHPM BH ^HPUANAG hi fgs ngitrgfhs bh fm uiabmb numibg
rhmfanh mfcuim rhpmrmnaþi, g sa fm nmrrhtaffm ihnhsatm shr rhpmrmbm.
•  Mshcúrhsh bh shcuar fms aibanmnagihs bh  MBUHPRHINAM  y  [PHNMXNAÞI quh sh bmi hi fms aistrunnagihs.
•  Fm cmsgfaim, hf cms bh phtrþfhg fanumbg (C[F), hf cms imturmf ngdpradabg (NIC) y hf Bahshf sgi
ngd`usta`fhs aiefmdm`fhs. Mshcúrhsh bh nudpfar ngi fms igrdms bh shcurabmb ihnhsmrams numibg dmiapufh hstgs
ngd`usta`fhs y numibg trm`mjh ngi hstgs sasthdms bh nmr`urmnaþi.
•  Burmith su prgnhsg bh nmrcm, fms `mthräms chihrmi ui cms aiefmdm`fh. Dmithicm fm zgim mfhjmbm bhf
euhcg y bh pgsa`fhs nlaspms. Mshcúrhsh bh quh fm zgim hstá `ahi vhitafmbm.

IGRM: Fgs sacuahiths säd`gfgs y pmfm`rms aibanmi fm aiegrdmnaþi sg`rh shcura-

bmb hi hsth dmiumf:

MBUHPRHINAM
Aibanm uim satumnaþi phfacrgsm quh, bh ig hvatmrsh, puhbh prgvgnmr fh-
sagihs crmvhs, g ainfusg fm duhrth.

[PHNMXNAÞI
Aibanm uim satumnaþi phfacrgsm quh, bh ig hvatmrsh, puhbh prgvgnmr fh-
sagihs fhvhs g dgbhrmbms y bmýgs dmthramfhs.
Hi fm nmrrhtaffm hfhvmbgrm, hf säd`gfg bh MBUHPRHINAM y fm pmfm`rm
mpmrhnhi sg`rh ui egibg imrmijm. Hf säd`gfg bh [PHNMXNAÞI y
fm
pmfm`rm mpmrhnhi sg`rh ui egibg mdmraffg.
Rrmisdasaþi Äibanh

ÄIBANH
Chihrmf ...............................................................................................................................................................   =
Bhsnrapnaþi .........................................................................................................................................................   =
Chihrmf...........................................................................................................................................................   =
Ngivhrtabgr bh pmr  ....................................................................................................................................   3
Emshs gphrmtavms ........................................................................................................................................   <
DmEiuhijgna.g..i..m...d...a.h..i..t..g. .   <
l..a..b..r.í..u...f.a.n..g...............................................................................................................................
Pherachrmnaþi y fu`ranmnaþi  .........................................................................................................................  ==
^asthdm bh ngitrgf ...........................................................................................................................................  =0
Chihrmf ........................................................................................................................................................  =0
Xiabmb bh ngitrgf bh fm trmisdasaþi (RNX) ................................................................................................  =>
 Mutgngdprg`mnaþi  ..................................................................................................................................  =>
Dgbgs bh euinagimdahitg   ......................................................................................................................  =>
Dgbg igrdmf .......................................................................................................................................  =>
Ngitrgf bh hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag .......................................................................................................  =>
Dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam ("Fadp Lgdh") .................................................................................  =>
Dgbg bh mpmcmbg bh fm trmisdasaþi ...................................................................................................  =2
Dgbg bh mpmcmbg bh fm RNX...................................................................................................................  =2
Nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg bh fm trmisdasaþi .......................................................................  =2
Nþbacgs bh emffg..............................................................................................................................................  =2
Dgbg bh rhcastrg bh emffgs .........................................................................................................................   =8
Bhsnrapnaþi .........................................................................................................................................  =2
 Mnnhsg  ....................................................................................................................................................   =8
^mfar  .......................................................................................................................................................   =8
Rrmispmrhith.........................................................................................................................................   =8
Phntaeanmnaþi bh emffgs................................................................................................................................   =8
 Uífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm ........................................................................................................................   =5
Phpmrmnaþi bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm ......................................................................................   =5
^ustatunaþi bh sgfhigabhs ..........................................................................................................................   =<
Ngdprg`mnaþi bh fm prhsaþi ......................................................................................................................   =<
Hsphnaeanmnagihs bh prhsaþi.......................................................................................................................   =1
^hisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb y thdphrmturm ...........................................................................................................   =1
^hisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb................................................................................................................................   =1
[ruh`m....................................................................................................................................................   00
^hisgrhs bh thdphrmturm ..........................................................................................................................   00
[mfminm bh nmd`ag .....................................................................................................................................   00
[hbmf DGIGRPGF® .................................................................................................................................   0>
[ruh`m y nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE.......................................................................................................   0>
[ruh`m y nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi ........................................................................................................   0>
[rhnmunagihs ..............................................................................................................................................   0>
[ruh`m bh nmfmbg............................................................................................................................................   0>
Bhsnrapnaþi  ................................................................................................................................................   0>
[rgnhbadahitg bh fm pruh`m bh nmfmbg......................................................................................................   0>
Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm  ........................................................................................................   02
Bhsnrapnaþi  ................................................................................................................................................   02
 Mjusth bhf phbmf bh erhig y dmrnlm fhitm  ................................................................................................   02
 Mjusth/aistmfmnaþi bhf shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm ....................................................................................... . 08
Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm  ....................................................................................................   08
[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi dmiumf bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm ......................................................   08
N þ b a c g s b hr rg r b h n m f a` r m n aþ i b h f p h b m f b h d m rn l m
[r g n h b a d ah i tg b h n m fa ` r m n aþ i b h f p h b m f b h d m r nl m f h
fh i t m .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... .. .. . 5
i t m n gi h f s g e t w m r h R h s t d m i   ..........................   0 3

 ©0;=> LQ^RHP NGD[MIQ a

 Äibanh Rrmisdasaþi

ÄIBANH (Ngitaiumnaþi)
Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh  .............................................................................................................................   03
Bhsnrapnaþi  ................................................................................................................................................   03
[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh  ............................................................................................   0<
[rgnhbadahitg dmiumf bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh  ..........................................................................   0<
[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh Rhstdmi.........................................................................   01
RhsBtdhsmnriap...n.a.þ..i.. ....................................................................................................................................................
.   >;
Ngihxaþi.........................................................................................................................................................   >;
Ngieacurmnaþi bh fm nmrrhtaffm  .......................................................................................................................   >;
Ngieacurmnaþi  ............................................................................................................................................   >=
Fadatmnagihs  ..............................................................................................................................................   >=
Hsphnaeanmnagihs hfántranms.................................................................................................................................   >0
Bamcrmdms, hsquhdms g baspgsanagihs  ..............................................................................................................   >0
Nþbacgs bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE ...............................................................................................................   >1
Nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg bh fm trmisdasaþi  ................................................................................   >1
Nþbacgs bh emffg bhf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi  .........................................................................................................   2;

Hstm shnnaþi hs pmrm fgs dgbhfgs sacuahiths:

L=<>-=02\D-5 (L=>1 ;-0><>;LB0

0
) _JL;;=31T,T,
L=5\D-5 (L>5;LB 0) _L;=1T,
L=;-=0\D-=0HN (L>5;LB 0-HN) _L;=1T,
L<-=0\D-5, L=;\D^-5 (L=1;-0<;LB 0, L0>;LB^) _O;;3T,
L=>-=5\D-5, L=;-=0\D-=0HN (L>;;->5;LB 0, L>5;LB 0-HN) _J;=1T
 Chihrmf
Hsth dmiumf prgpgrnagim aiegrdmnaþi sg`rh hf eui-
nagimdahitg y fgs bamciþstangs bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE
HPCG[GSHP (SC=5=) dgitmbm hi fms nmrrhtaffms
hfhvmbgrms bh fm shrah L;=1 y J;;3.
Fgs prgnhbadahitgs bh rhpmrmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi
yd basha þfmi ,v Pífhvpumfmrm bnha þnigi (tZrEgf-
S shC d=5u=h)s =tr>m;i; ^hiPD  R r=m2i85s-.
Bhsnrapnaþi
CHIHPMF
Fm euinaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi hs trmisehrar fm pgthi-
nam bhf dgtgr bhsbh hf vgfmith bhf dgtgr m fms ruhbms
dgtranhs y m fm(s) `gd`m(s) labríufanm(s) uiabm(s) m
fm trmisdasaþi.
Hf vgfmith bhf dgtgr hstí ngihntmbg m fm
nmrnmsm bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr m trmvás bhf
pfmtg bh mn-
nagimdahitg. UámshEacurm =.
Fms prgpahbmbhs bh efhxaþi bh fgs pfmtgs bh
mn- nagimdahitg rhbunhi fm trmisehrhinam bh
euhrzms mxamfhs hitrh hf nacöhýmf bhf dgtgr y hf
ngivhrtabgr bh pmr. Hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr mnnagim fm
`gd`m bh fm trmisdasaþi y fm [RG mnnagim fm(s)
`gd`m(s) ngihn- tmbm(s) pmrm hf sasthdm labríufang
bh fm nmrrhtaffm. Hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr, fm `gd`m
bh fm trmisdasaþi y fm(s) `gd`m(s) labríufanm(s)
carmi m uim vhfgnabmb prgpgrnagimf m fm bhf dgtgr.
Fm prhsaþi bh mnhath chihrmbm pgr fm `gd`m bh fm
trmisdasaþi sh utafazm pmrm fu`ranmnaþi, rherachrmnaþi
aithrim y ngitrgf labríufang bh fm trmisdasaþi. ^ai
prhsaþi bh mnhath fm trmisdasaþi ig puhbh euinagimr.
Fgs bamcrmdms bhf sasthdm hfántrang sh duhstrmi hi
Bamcrmdms <;;; ^PD =8;;.
Hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr ngihntm labríufanmdhith hf
 vgfmith bhf dgtgr ngi hf hjh bh hitrmbm bh fm trmis-
dasaþi. UámshEacurm 0. Euinagim ngdg ui hd`rmcuh
bh efuabgs pmrm trmisehrar ngi sumvabmb fm pgthinam
bhf dgtgr m fm trmisdasaþi y ngdg duftapfanmbgr bh
pmr dgtgr numibg mudhitm fm baehrhinam bh
vhfgnabmb hitrh hf dgtgr y hf hjh bh hitrmbm bh fm
trmisdasaþi. Hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr tahih ui emntgr
bh duftapfa- nmnaþi bh pmr dgtgr hsphnäeang quh sh
mbmptm m fms
nmrmnthrästanms bh pgthinam bhf dgtgr. Fm
baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb hitrh hf dgtgr y hf hjh bh
hitrmbm bh
fm trmisdasaþi hs uim dhbabm bh fm pgthinam
bhf dgtgr trmisehrabm. Numibg mudhitm fm
baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb tmd`aái sh ainrhdhitm fm
nmitabmb bh nmfgr chihrmbg hi hf ngivhrtabgr. Hf
nmfgr chihrmbg sh hfadaim pgr dhbag bhf mnhath bh
fm trmisdasaþi quh efuyh m trmvás bhf ngivhrtabgr
bh pmr.
Fms baehrhiths rhfmnagihs bh vhfgnabmb hitrh
hf hjh bh hitrmbm y hf hjh bh mnnagimdahitg sh
g`- tahihi hicrmimibg y bhshicrmimibg fgs
baehrhiths hd`rmcuhs. UámshEacurm >. ^ahdprh
lmy bgs hd-
`rmcuhs hicrmimbgs hitrh sä. Uámsh   Eacurm >
y Eacurm 2.
=
Bhsnrapnaþi =>;; ^ PD =2
88

=. [FMRG BH 1. [M]XHRH BH HD@PMCXH BH DMPNLM

MNNAGIMDAHIRG 0. MRPÍ^ (OP)
NGIUHPRABGP BH [MP
>. HJH BH HIRPMBM =;. NGIJXIRG BH HD@PMCXH (O=) BH =ª
2. @GD@M BH FM RPMI^DA^AÞI UHFGNABMB
8. HICPMIMJH BH HIRPMBM ==. [H^RMÝM BH ^MFABM
5. NGIJXIRG BH HD@PMCXH (O0) BH 0ª =0. NGIJXIRG BH HD@PMCXH (O>) BH >ª
UHFGNABMB UHFGNABMB
3. NGIH\AÞI BH RGDM BH EXHPZM ([RG)
<. [M]XHRH BH HD@PMCXH BH DMPNLM
LMNAM
BHFMIRH (OU)
 Eacurm =. Baspgsanaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi
  Fhyhibm bh fm eacurm 0

 Eacurm 0. Bamcrmdm bh fm trmisdasaþi

 MI Hitrmbm
[RG Rgdm bh euhrzm
OU    Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm
mbhfmith
OP   Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm
mtrís
O=   Hd`rmcuh =ª vhfgnabmb
O0   Hd`rmcuh 0ª vhfgnabmb
O>/M@ Hd`rmcuh >ª
 vhfgnabmb/smfabm

>
Bhsnrapnaþi =>;; ^ PD =2
88

 M =ª vhfgnabmb dmrnlm mbhfmith

@   0ª vhfgnabmb dmrnlm mbhfmith
N >ª v hfgnabmb d mrnlm m
bhfmith
 MI Hitrmbm
[RG Rgdm b h e
OU    uhrzm
OP   Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mbhfmith
O=   Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mtrís
Hd`rmcuh =ª vhfgnabmb
O0   Hd`rmcuh 0ª vhfgnabmb
O>/M@ Hd`rmcuh >ª vhfgnabmb/smfabm

 Eacurm >. Bamcrmdm bh efujg bh pgthinam bh fm trmisdasaþi

=. HD@PMCXH BH DMPNLM LMNAM
BHFMIRH 0. HD@PMCXH BH DMPNLM
MRPÍ^
>. HJH BH HIRPMBM
2. HICPMIMJH BH =ª UHFGNABMB
 Eacurm 2. ^hfhnnaþi bh dmrnlm
sRgmf`hfimg ab=h sp ryg phgdrn`argmicmu husi m
ntvavasmabþgis cphmirhmr mffm sb bh aefhgrs- hiths
vhfgnabmbhs bh fm trmisdasaþi. ^hfhnnagimibg
ihutrm, mpfanmibg hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg
y m`mibgimibg hf msahitg sh bhshicrmimi tgbgs
fgs hd`rmcuhs. Fms nmrrhtaffms hfhvmbgrms ngi
phbmf DGIGRPGF® sþfg nmd`amríi m   hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mtrís y hicrmimibg uig
IHXRPM   mpfa- nmibg hf erhig bh
hstmnagimdahitg g numibg hf
nmrrhtaffhrg lmym bhjmbg su msahitg.
^a fgs hd`rmcuhs phrthihnahiths m ui crupg sh hi-
crmimrmi saduftíihmdhith, fm trmisdasaþi sh `fg-
quhmräm. Fgs hd`rmcuhs bh dmrnlm mbhfmith y dmr-
nlm mtrís ig bh`hrämi hicrmimrsh mf dasdg tahdpg.
Rmdpgng bh`hrämi hicrmimrsh mf dasdg tahdpg fgs
hd`rmcuhs bh pradhrm, shcuibm y thrnhrm vhfgnabmb.
8. HICPMIMJH BH 0ª UHFGNABMB
5. HICPMIMJH BH >ª UHFGNABMB Q HJH BH
^MFABM
Hdfh bhiagc brmhfi sha shtrhrdþim hbgh bnhg ifgtrsg
hf dbh` frm ctrumhis dsha shavþait.m pgr
Fms baehrhiths vhfgnabmbhs sh g`tahihi hicrmimibg g
`ahi hf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mbhfmith g `ahi hf
numfquahrm bh fgs hd`rmcuhs bh pradhrm, shcuibm g
thrnhrm vhfgnabmb.
Numibg fm trmisdasaþi hstí hi IHXRPM  tgbgs fgs
hd`rmcuhs hstíi bhshicrmimbgs.
Fgs hd`rmcuhs ngisasthi hi ui pgrtmbgr bhf pmquhth
bh hd`rmcuh, quh ffhvm basngs bh erannaþi ngi hsträms
hxthrims, y ui hicrmimjh aithrdhbag, quh ffhvm
basngs bh mnhrg ngi hsträms aithrims. UámshEacurm 8.
8
Bhsnrapnaþi =>;; ^ PD =2
88
Rm`fm =. ^gfhigabhs mntavmbgs y shfhnnaþi bh hicrmimjh

Hicrmimjh bh trmisdasaþi Hd`rmcuhs mntavmbgs

^hitabg bh fm dmrnlm Uhfgn.
Dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith   >ª   Dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith + >ª.
Dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith   0ª   Dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith + 0ª
Dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith   =ª   Dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith + =ª.
Ihutrm Iaicuig Iaicuig
Dmrnlm mtrís   >ª   Dmrnlm mtrís + >ª
Dmrnlm mtrís   0ª   Dmrnlm mtrís + 0ª
Dmrnlm mtrís   =ª   Dmrnlm mtrís + =ª

=. HICPMIMJH AIRHPDHBAG 3. ^H[MPMBGP BHF DXHFFH BHF [A^RÞI

0. [FMRG EAIMF BHF HD@PMCXH <. BA^NG^ BH EPANNAÞI
>. [GPRMBGP BHF [M]XHRH BH 1. NGIJXIRG BH DXHFFH^ BHF [A^RÞI
HD@PMCXH 2. G@RXPMBGPH^ BHF [A^RÞI =;. G@RXPMBGPH^ BH MNHARH
8. HJH BHF HD@PMCXH ==. ^XDAIA^RPG BH MNHARH [MPM FX@PANMNAÞI
5. [A^RÞI Q PHEPACHPMNAÞI
 Eacurm 8. Ngdpgihiths bhf hd`rmcuh

Fgs basngs bh erannaþi y fgs basngs bh mnhrg sh dgi-
tmi mfthrimtavmdhith. [rhsurazmibg hf pastþi bhf
hd-
`rmcuh, fgs basngs bh erannaþi y fgs basngs bh mnhrg sh
quhbmi uiabgs hitrh sä, bmibg fucmr m quh hf pgrtm-
bgr bhf pmquhth bh hd`rmcuh y hf hicrmimjh
aithrdh-
bag carhi ngdg ui sgfg ngijuitg. Numibg sh fa`hrm fm
prhsaþi labríufanm, fgs duhffhs bh rhnuphrmnaþi hd-
pujmi mf pastþi bh vuhftm ngitrm fm nmrnmsm bhf hd-
`rmcuh phrdatahibg quh hf pmquhth bh hd`rmcuh y hf
hicrmimjh aithrdhbag carhi aibhphibahithdhith. Hf
pgrtmbgr bhf pmquhth bh hd`rmcuh, fgs basngs bh eran-
naþi, hf pastþi y hf duhffh bh ngdprhsaþi carmi m fm
dasdm vhfgnabmb. Hf hicrmimjh aithrdhbag carm m fm chihrmbg hi hf ngivhrtabgr sh basapm m trmvás bhf
dasdm vhfgnabmb quh fgs basngs aithragrhs. mnhath quh smfh bhf ngivhrtabgr.

Ngivhrtabgr bh pmr
Xi   ngivhrtabgr bh pmr   hs ui
mngpfmdahitg labríufang quh sh utafazm pmrm
trmisehrar pgthinam carmtgram bhf dgtgr mf hjh bh
hitrmbm bh fm trmis-

pdmars anþuim. iHbgf nlgmiyvmh urtiabmg br abehr

hpimnra mp usuhbsthm dinuamftfa phfiantmrhr fhmf
 vhfgnabmb bh carg bh hitrmbm y bh smfabm. Hf
ngivhr- tabgr hstí bashýmbg pmrm mjustmrsh m fm
pgthinam bhf dgtgr, bh dmihrm quh sh g`thicmi fms
ngibanagihs dís emvgrm`fhs pgsa`fhs.
Hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr sh ngdpgih bh trhs ngdpg-
ihiths prainapmfhs:
• Adpufsgr
• Puhbm bh fm tur`aim
• Hstmtgr
Ngi eaihs bh afustrmnaþi ngisabhrh quh fgs bgs vhita-
fmbgrhs rhprhshitmi mf adpufsgr y m fm ruhbm bh fm

tyu srg`famidm hFigtsh b hgst ív hmintafvmbggrh usi

hgs tbíhi h uffigs ,e rhfi gthr gm ft gmtdrg-
`aái hdphzmrí m dgvhrsh.
Hf pradhr vhitafmbgr (hf mntavmbg) rhprhshitm mf
ad- pufsgr, quh hstí ngihntmbg barhntmdhith m fm
nmrnmsm bhf ngivhrtabgr. Hf shcuibg vhitafmbgr
(ngibunabg) rhprhshitm fm tur`aim, quh hstí
ngihntmbm mf hjh bh hitrmbm bh fm trmisdasaþi.
Numibg hf vhitafmbgr ig mntavmbg (tur`aim) sh
bhtahih, hf vhitafmbgr mntavmbg (adpufsgr) sacuh
sahibg nmpmz bh dgvhrsh. Hstg afus- trm pgr quá hf
dgtgr ig sh nmfm numibg fm nmrrhtaffm sh bhtahih y
sacuh ngi uim dmrnlm mngpfmbm.
 Mlgrm, ngisabhrh ui thrnhr ngdpgihith, satumbg hi-
tbrh mfgarsh b yg sp vhhrdidtatfhm bqgurh sh f(
hvshtimtagfrm)b, gqru mh ntmavdm`bagm mhnfn
eafguijgh mf vhitafmbgr ig mntavmbg m vhfgnabmb
rhbunabm y ngi uim euhrzm (pmr) dmygr. Hstg
afustrm fm euinaþi bhf hstmtgr.
Hf adpufsgr, fm ruhbm bh fm tur`aim y hf hstmtgr hstíi
baspuhstgs hi egrdm bh miaffg y hf mnhath efuyh m
trmvás bh fgs ngdpgihiths hi hf grbhi aibanmbg.
Hf mnhath prhsurazmbg prgnhbhith bh fm `gd`m
bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi efuyh
ngistmithdhith m trmvás bhf ngivhrtabgr. Hf
ngivhrtabgr duftapfanm hf pmr bhf dgtgr y hf nmfgr
3
 Bhphibahibg bh fm baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb hitrh hf
adpufsgr y fm ruhbm bh fm tur`aim, hf pmr bh hitrmbm bh
fm trmisdasaþi sh ainrhdhitm numibg mudhitm fm
baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb hitrh hf adpufsgr y fm ruhbm bh
fm tur`aim.
Fm nmpmnabmb bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr bh duftapfanmr hf
pmr rhsabh hi hf hstmtgr. Hi hf bashýg nfísang
b h mn gp f m d a h i t g l ab r í
i av h f b h b h s f az m d a hi t g
u fa g , fg s p h r ä g bg s h crm i
l m nh i q u h h f e f u j l abr í u f a n g
rhtgrih bhsbh fm tur`aim lmnam hf adpufsgr pmrm
gpgihrsh mf shitabg bh carg bhf adpufsgr. Hstg
prgvgnm uim párbabm saciaeanmtavm bh heanahinam y fm
chihrmnaþi bh nmfgr rhsabumf. Hi hf ngivhrtabgr bh
pmr, hf efujg quh rhtgrim hs rhbaracabg (aivhrtabg) pgr hf
hstmtgr bh dmihrm quh myubh m fm rgtmnaþi bhf
adpufsgr, hi fucmr bh gpgihrsh m hffm. Hf rhsuftmbg hs
quh fm hihrcäm bhf fäquabg labríufang bh rhtgrig sh
rhnuphrm y sh mýmbh m fm hihrcäm mpfanmbm mf adpufsgr
pgr hf dgtgr. Hsth ainrhdhitg hi fm dmsm bh fäquabg
labríufang baracabm lmnam fm tur`aim bm fucmr m ui
mudhitg bhf pmr bh smfabm.

Ngdg ngishnuhinam
tmtgr rhna`h ui pmr bhbhrhmnnaþi.
fm aivhrsaþi bhf efujg,
Fm rhfmnaþi hf hs-
pmr bh
fm tur`aim / pmr bhf adpufsgr sh bhigdaim duftapfa-
nmnaþi bh pmr. Numitg dmygr shm fm duftapfanmnaþi bh
pmr dmygr shrí fm baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb bhf adpuf- sgr
y bh fm ruhbm bh fm tur`aim.
Fm duftapfanmnaþi bh pmr díxadm sh nrhm numibg fm
ruhbm bh fm tur`aim hstí pmrmbm. Numibg mudhitm fm
 vhfgnabmb bh smfabm, fm duftapfanmnaþi bh pmr basdai-
uyh. Hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr mbmptm fm vhfgnabmb bh smf-
abm m ui nahrtg pmr bh smfabm rhquhrabg. hsth prgnhsg
hs aieaiatmdhith vmram`fh y fg ngisacuh mutgdítanm-
dhith hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr.

N u mi b g fm vh fg n abmb b h f m
<; % h f m v fg n ab b h f ad
t r ` a i m h s tí f h c m i b g m f bh pmr
p u fs g r , f m d u ft a p f an m n aþ i
hs acumf m =.;. Hf pmr bh fm tur`aim sh lmnh acumf mf
pmr bhf adpufsgr. M pmrtar bh hsh dgdhitg, hf
ngivhrtabgr trm`mjm bh egrdm sadafmr m ui hd`rmcuh
labríufang.
Hi fm emsh bh nmfmbg y mnhfhrmnaþi hf pmr hi hf hstm- tgr
sh trmiseahrh m fm nmrnmsm bh fm trmisdasaþi. Fm ruhbm
fa`rh bhf hstmtgr dhjgrm fm heanahinam hi fm emsh bh
mngpfmdahitg y hf pmr bhf hstmtgr sh fa`hrm hi fm emsh
bh mngpfmdahitg. Hi hstm emsh hf hstmtgr puhbh carmr
fa`rhdhith.

<
 =>;; ^P D =2
88
Emshs gphrmtavms
Xi ngivhrtabgr bh pmr tahih trhs htmpms bh eui-
nagimdahitg:
• Nmfmbg. Hf dgtgr mpfanm pgthinam mf adpufsgr
phrg fm tur`aim ig puhbh carmr. Hi nmfmbg, hf
ngivhrtabgr bh pmr prgbunh fm duftapfanmnaþi bh
pmr díxadm. Fm duftapfanmnaþi rhsuftmith sh
bhigdaim rhfmnaþi
bh n m f m b g . F m e m s h b h
u i ` r h v h p h r äg b g b h ta
nm fm b g r h m f s g fm d h i th
h d p g l m s tm q u h hf vh l
b rm
ä nu f g hdpahzm m dgvhrsh.
• Mnhfhrmnaþi. Hf vhlänufg mnhfhrm phrg lmy
uim baehrhinam rhfmtavmdhith crmibh hitrh fm
vhfgnabmb bhf adpufsgr y bh fm tur`aim.
Burmith fm mnhf- hrmnaþi, fm duftapfanmnaþi bh
pmr bhf ngivhrtabgr hs
Dmihjg
EXINAGIMDAHIRG LABPÍXFANG
Bhitrg bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE Hrcgpgwhr tgbms
fms
gphrmnagihs labríufanms sgi ngitrgfmbms (lapgtáta-
 nUmádmshiEtahc)u rpmg r5 . fm vífvufm bh
ngitrgf labríufanm.
Hf nírthr bh fm trmisdasaþi hs hf bhpþsatg prainapmf
bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi. Hf ngfmbgr bhf nmrthr
hvatm
Dmihjg
aiehragr m fg quh pgbräm ngishcuarsh hi ngibanagihs
bh nmfmbg. Fm duftapfanmnaþi bh pmr bhphibh bh fm
baehrhinam rhmf hitrh fm vhfgnabmb bhf adpufsgr y bh
fm tur`aim, msä ngdg bh gtrgs emntgrhs bh bashýg
bavhrsgs.
• Mngpfmdahitg. Fm tur`aim lm ffhcmbg
mprgxa- dmbmdhith mf <; pgr nahitg bh fm
vhfgnabmb bhf adpufsgr. Fm duftapfanmnaþi bh
pmr lm nhsmbg
hshinamfdhith y hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr sh
hstí ngdpgrtmibg bh uim dmihrm sadufmr m ui
sadpfh
mngpfmdahitg labríufang. Hi hstm emsh hf
hstmtgr puhbh carmr fa`rhdhith.
quh pmrtänufms bh crmi tmdmýg hitrhi hi fm `gd`m
bh fm trmisdasaþi. Fm `gd`m hs mnnagimbm pgr hf
ngivhr-
tabgr bh pmr. Fm `gd`m trmiseahrh mnhath m trmvás bhf
eaftrg bh fm trmisdasaþi m fm vífvufm bh prhsaþi
praina-
p m f b = 5 + 0  ` m r (0 > 0 + 0 1 y m f
b h p rh s a þ i b h 1 ` m r ( = > = psa) . U á ms
v í íf v f r h buntgrm
hE E a cu rm 3 .
=. UÍFUXFM BH [PH^AÞI [PAINA[MF 8. PHCXFMBGP BH [PH^AÞI
0. UÍFUXFM PHBXNRGPM BH [PH^AÞI 5. RM[M
>. NMPNM^M 3. @FG]XH BH UÍFUXFM^
2. NGIHNRGP BHF DMZG BH NM@FHMBG
 Eacurm 5. Uífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm
 =>;; ^P D =2 Dmihjg
88

IGRM: FG^ IÚDHPG^ PGBHMBG^ NGI XI NÄPNXFG ^H PHEAHPHI M FG^ IÚDHPG^ BH FG^ GPAEANAG^
BH NGD[PG@MNAÞI. UÁM^HEACXPM ==.
M.   PHEPACHPMNAÞI Q FX@PANMNAÞI N.   [PH^AÞI [AFGRG
@.   [PH^AÞI DÄIADM B.   PHRGPIG MF NMPRHP
=. NÍPRHP =0. UÍFUXFM PHBXNRGPM BH [PH^AÞI (PU-1),
0. @GD@M 1 `mr (=>= psa)
>. NGFMBGP =>. HD@PMCXH BH DMPNLM MRPÍ^
2. EAFRPG =2. HD@PMCXH BH [PADHPM UHFGNABMB
8. UÍFUXFM BAEHPHINAMF BH [PH^AÞI =8. HD@PMCXH BH RHPNHPM UHFGNABMB
BHF EAFRPG (UÍFUXFM BH @MA[Í^) (EBU) =5. HD@PMCXH BH DMPNLM LMNAM BHFMIRH
5. UÍFUXFM BH [PH^AÞI [PAINA[MF (LBU), =3. HD@PMCXH BH ^HCXIBM UHFGNABMB
=5+0 `mr (0>0+01 psa) =<. UÍFUXFM BH NGIRPM[PH^AÞI BHF
3. UÍFUXFM BH ^HCXPABMB BHF NGIUHPRABGP BH [MP (SCU), 2.>+> `mr
NGIUHPRABGP (50+22 psa)
BH [MP (S^U), ==+0 `mr (=5;+01 psa) =1. UÍFUXFM BH MFAUAG BH [PH^AÞI (XHBU),
<. NGIUHPRABGP BH [MP 2;½8 `mr (8<;½30 psa)
1. HIEPAMBGP BHF 0;. UÍFUXFM BH @MA[Í^ RHPDG^RÍRANM
MNHARH
=;. FX@PANMNAÞI BH HJH^ Q HD@PMCXH^
==. ^HI^GP BH RHD[HPMRXPM
 Eacurm 3. Bamcrmdm labríufang
Dmihjg =>;; ^P D =2
=; 88
=>;; ^P D =2
88
Fm vífvufm bh prhsaþi prainapmf bh =5+0
`mr (0>0+01 psa) rhcufm fm prhsaþi bhf sasthdm
fa`hrmibg hf hxnhsg bh mnhath m trmvás bhf
ngivhrtabgr bh pmr, hf rherachrmbgr bh mnhath y hf
sasthdm bh fu`ranmnaþi.
 Uámsh  Pherachrmnaþi y fu`ranmnaþi. Fm prhsaþi
bhf sasthdm sh utafazm pmrm ffhimr y prhsurazmr fgs
hd-
`rmcuhs.
Dmihjg
pmitmffm bhf tm`fhrg bh aistrudhitgs.
UámshNþbacgs bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE.
Fm vífvufm bh prhsaþi prainapmf fadatm fm
prhsaþi díxadm y fa`hrm hf hxnhsg bh mnhath
lmnam hf ngivhr- tabgr y fu`ranm hf narnuatg. ^h
aistmfm uim vífvufm

F gs h d ` rm c u h s b h fm
fm v í fv u fm s p r g p g r n
t rm i s d as a þi s gi
ag i m fh s [0 m [ 5
m nn a g i m b g s p g r 3). Fm vífvufm
(v á m s h   E a c u r m
prgpgrnagimf sh ngdpgih bhf rhcufmbgr bh prhsaþi
(Q0-Q5), bh fm ngrrhbhrm bh shcuadahitg (IE^) y
bhf mdgrtacumbgr bh va`rmnagihs (B).
Fm vífvufm rhbuntgrm bh prhsaþi bh 1 `mr (=>= psa)
(PU-1) prgpgrnagim prhsaþi pafgtg pmrm fms vífvufms
prgpgrnagimfhs y fgs rhcufmbgrhs bh prhsaþi.
Fm euinaþi bh fgs rhcufmbgrhs bh prhsaþi hs
mntavmr fms ngrrhbhrms bh shcuadahitg numibg hf
sasthdm bh ngitrgf fg phrdatm. Fm ngrrhbhrm bh
shcuadahitg dgb- ufmrí fm prhsaþi prainapmf bh
=5+0 `mr (0>0+01 psa) pmrm fgs hd`rmcuhs
rhsphntavgs.

Bnmhb`mabhgd m` rfmc duhg,bsuhfnmgniaþtirg bfmhr

íprfmhsparþhis apþriglpgmrnnamagfigsmfh dbh-
`rmcuhs, quh hstíi hicrmimbgs hi hf nmd`ag bh dmr-
nlms. Bh hstm dmihrm sh lmnh pgsa`fh fm aithrmnnaþi
labríufanm bh fgs hd`rmcuhs quh vmi m mngpfmrsh y
bhsmngpfmrsh. Hstg phrdath hf nmd`ag hspgitíihg sai
aithrrupnaþi bh fm euhrzm bh trmnnaþi.
Fm `gd`m bh fm trmisdasaþi sh hinuhitrm hi
fm nmrnmsm m`gnaimbm bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr bhtrís
bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr. Fm `gd`m bh fm
trmisdasaþi duhvh hf mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi
bhsbh hf nmrthr m trmvás bhf ngfmbgr bhf nmrthr
lmnam hf eaftrg bh fm trmisdasaþi, satumbg hi hf fmbg
bh fm trmisdasaþi, y lmnam fm vífvufm bh prhsaþi
prainapmf ngi ui rácadhi
b h = ; 8 f a t h r /d a i ( 03 cmf/dai)
d gt g r b h 0 ; ; ; P [ D .
m uim vhfgnabmb bhf
^a hf eaftrg bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi sh ffhim bh
ngitmdaimnaþi (sh ffhim bh rhstgs), hf efujg bh
mnhath
`grbhmrí hf eaftrg. Hf prhsgstmtg bh prhsaþi
baehrhi- namf (aithrruptgr bh ngitmdaimnaþi) mntavmrí
fm fuz bh mvasg bh fm trmisdasaþi y sh hinahibh uim
mbvhrthi- nam nhitrmf. ^h dgstrmrí ui hrrgr hi fm
==
^asthdm b h n gitrgf =>;; ^ PD =
bh shcurabmb bhf ngivhrtabgr pmrm prgthchr hf ngi- 288
 vhrtabgr. Hi hf ngivhrtabgr, hf mnhath trmisdath fm
pgthinam bhsbh hf adpufsgr lmnam fm tur`aim.
[mrm hvatmr fm nmvatmnaþi, hf ngivhrtabgr bh`h hs-
tmr sahdprh ngdpfhtmdhith ffhig bh mnhath. [gr fg
tmitg, sh dgitm uim vífvufm bh rhthinaþi bh prhsaþi
bhf ngivhrtabgr hi fm pmrth trmshrm bhf ngivhrtabgr
q u h ta h i h u i m p r s aþ i b
(5 0 + 2 2 ps a ) . H f m nh at h q u h
m ph r t u r m bh 2 . >+ > `mr
h s n m p m b h f n g i v h r ta b g r y smfh bh
fm trmisdasaþi hs baracabg lmnam uim vífvufm bh `mapís
thrdgstítanm hxthrim quh barach hf mnhath m trmvás bhf
rherachrmbgr bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi g bh vuhftm
lmnam fm trmisdasaþi. Hf mnhath eräg quh
 vuhfvh m fm trmisdasaþi hitrm hi hf narnuatg bh mnhath bh
fu`ranmnaþi, mshcurmibg quh tgbgs fgs puitgs bh
fu`ranmnaþi rhna`mi mnhath eräg. UámshEacurm 3. Uámsh
tmd`aái fm shnnaþi Pherachrmnaþi y fu`ranmnaþi.

PHEPACHPMNAÞI Q FX@PANMNAÞI
Hf nmfgr hs chihrmbg prainapmfdhith hi hf ngivhrtabgr
bh pmr y hi fgs pfmtgs bh hd`rmcuh burmith hf eui-
nagimdahitg
pgr fm erannaþibh fm trmisdasaþi.
dhníianm Hf nmfgrhjhs
hi fgs hicrmimjhs, chihrmbg
y ng-
 jaihths hs rhfmtavmdhith `mjg.
Hf nmfgr chihrmbg hi hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr hstí
rhfmnagimbg barhntmdhith ngi hf crmbg bh nmfmbg, (hs
bhnar, fm baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb hitrh hf dgtgr y fm
tur`aim). Hi uim satumnaþi bh nmfmbg, fm dmygr pmrth bh
fm pgthinam bh dgtgr sudaiastrmbm sh ngivahrth hi
nmfgr. Hsth nmfgr sh mnudufm hi hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr
bh`abg mf dhigr efujg bh mnhath burmith fm satumnaþi bh
nmfmbg. Mf mudhitmr fm vhfgnabmb bh fm tur`aim, hf
 vgfudhi bh nmfgr mýmbabg sh rhbunh, dahitrms quh,
mf dasdg tahdpg, hf dmygr efujg bh mnhath trmiseahrh
dís rípabmdhith hf nmfgr mnudufmbg.
Hf nmfgr chihrmbg hi fgs pfmtgs bh hd`rmcuh vmräm ngi
fm pgthinam bh dgtgr baspgia`fh hi hf dgdhitg bhf
hicrmih bhf hd`rmcuh y ngi fm burmnaþi bhf hicrmih bhf
hd`rmcuh. Burmith hf euinagimdahitg igrdmf, hf
sasthdm bh ngitrgf bh fm trmisdasaþi bhthrdaim fm
burmnaþi bhf hicrmih bhf hd`rmcuh. Burmith fm dmr-
nlm fhitm hs hf ngibuntgr quahi ngitrgfm hf nmfgr mým-
babg hi hf hd`rmcuh vmramibg fm pgthinam bhf dgtgr y
hf hicrmih bhf hd`rmcuh. Hf sasthdm bh ngitrgf bh fm
trmisdasaþi nhrrmrí hf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mbh- fmith
g bh dmrnlm mtrís numibg sh lmym hxnhbabg uim nahrtm
nmitabmb bh nmfgr chihrmbg.
^þfg sh utafazm uim pmrth dhigr bhf sudaiastrg tgtmf
bh
bhffm `gd`m pmrm
sudaiastrg ffhimr hf
bh mnhath bhhd`rmcuh. Fm dmygr
fm trmisdasaþi sh usmpmrth
pmrm

=0
 hf narnuatg bh fu`ranmnaþi y rherachrmnaþi quh
euinagim m uim prhsaþi aiehragr m fm bhf sasthdm.
Uámsh Eacurm 3. Fm vífvufm bh prhsaþi prainapmf
mbdath hf mnhath quh ig hs ihnhsmrag pmrm hf ffhimbg
bhf hd`rmcuh. Fm
 vífvufm bh shcurabmb bhf ngivhrtabgr fadatm fm
prh- saþi bh mnhath m pmrm prgthchr hf ngivhrtabgr bh
pmr y hf rherachrmbgr bh mnhath. Hf efujg bh mnhath
igrdmf nar- nufm m trmvás bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr y
bhf rherachrmbgr
bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi y lmnam hf graeanag bh
fu`ra- nmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi. Numibg fm
trmisdasaþi hstí
m fm thdphrmturm bh euinagimdahitg, hf vgfudhi bhf
mnhath bh fu`ranmnaþi hs bh =;8 fathr (03.3 cmf) m 0;;;
rpd.
Bhsbh hf graeanag bh fu`ranmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi, hf
mnhath narnufm lmnam fgs nmimfhs bh fgs baehrhiths hjhs
quh ngibunhi m fgs ngjaihths bh fgs hjhs pmrm su fu-
`ranmnaþi, y lmnam hf aithragr bh fgs pmquhths bh hd-
`rmcuh bgibh hf mnhath m`sgr`h hf nmfgr chihrmbg hi
fgs pfmtgs bh hd`rmcuh. UámshEacurm <.
[mrm mnhfhrmr hf prgnhsg bh nmfhitmdahitg sh dgitm
uim vífvufm thrdgstítanm hitrh hf graeanag bh smfabm
bhf ngivhrtabgr
dasaþi. bh pmr y hf rherachrmbgr
Hf thrdgstmtg bh fm trmis-
hdpahzm m`raáibgsh m
3;»N
(=8<»E) y sh m`rh ngdpfhtmdhith m <8»N (=<8»E).
M thdphrmturms pgr bh`mjg bh 3;»N (=8<»E), hf efujg
bh mnhath rhtgrim barhntmdhith lmnam fm
trmisdasaþi. M thdphrmturms pgr hinadm bh <8»N
(=<8»E), fm tgtmfa- bmb bhf efujg bh mnhath prgnhbhith
bhf graeanag bh smfabm tahih quh pmsmr pgr hf
rherachrmbgr miths bh vgfvhr m fm trmisdasaþi.
=. NMIMF BH MNHARH
 Eacurm <. Pherachrmnaþi y fu`ranmnaþi

^asthdm bh ngitrgf
CHIHPMF
Hf sasthdm bh ngitrgf bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE
Hr-
cgpgwhr hstí ngdpuhstg pgr fm Xiabmb bh Ngitrgf bh
fm Rrmisdasaþi (RNX). Lmy vmrags aithrruptgrhs y
trmisdasgrhs quh prgpgrnagimi aiegrdmnaþi m fm
RNX. Fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm rhcufm fms
prhsagihs hi euinaþi bh fms shýmfhs prgnhbhiths bh
fm RNX.
Burmith hf nmd`ag sh ngisabhrmríi fgs sacuahiths nra-
thrags:
•  Uhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr, tur`aim, trhi bh
hicrmimjhs nhitrmf y smfabm.
•  Rhdphrmturm bh fm trmisdasaþi.
•  Dgbg bh nmd`ag (lmnam mrra`m, lmnam m`mjg,
nmd`ag dmrnlm mtrís y mngpfmdahitg bh
vhfgnabmb bhsbh ihutrm)
•  Ngibanagihs bh nmrcm (nmrcm tgtmf g pmrnamf,
trmnnaþi burmith hf nmd`ag)
^asthdm b h n gitrgf
XIABMB BH NGIRPGF BH FM
RPMI^DA^AÞI (RNX)
Fm RNX tahih sgetwmrh pmrm ngitrgfmr hf
eui- nagimdahitg bh fm trmisdasaþi y rhmfazm fms
sacu- ahiths euinagihs:
•  Phmfazmr fm mutgngdprg`mnaþi y fm fgnmfazmnaþi
y ngrrhnnaþi bh emffgs
•  Ngitrgf euinagimf bh fm trmisdasaþi.
„  Nmd`ag mutgdítang.
„  Dmrnlm fhitm.
•  Hitrmr hi ui dgbg prgthcabg numibg shm
ihnhsmrag
„  [rhsagihs, thdphrmturms y vhfgnabmbhs
aimprgpa- mbms
„  Nmrrhtaffhrg ig prhshith
„  Hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg hstí mpfanmbg.
„  Nmd`ag bh vhfgnabmb g bh barhnnaþi m
vhfgnabmbhs aimprgpambms
•  Phcastrmr ui nþbacg bh emffg numibg fms
narnuistmi- nams lmymi hxnhbabg bh nahrtg vmfgr.
•  Bhjmr quh sh rhmfanhi fgs bamciþstangs y fm
nmfa-
`rmnaþi ngi ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf (Rhstdmi)
Bhphibahibg bh fms shýmfhs bh fm pmfminm bh nmd-
`ag y bh fgs bavhrsgs aithrruptgrhs y trmisdasgrhs,
fm RNX mntavm g bhsmntavm fgs rhcufmbgrhs bh prhsaþi
hi fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf, quh trmiseahrhi fm prhsaþi
labríufanm m fgs hd`rmcuhs hi fm trmisdasaþi. ^a uim
shýmf bh hitrmbm ig nudpfh ngi fm
prgcrmdmnaþi bh fm RNX, banlm RNX rhcastrmrí hf
emffg y rhmnnagimrí mnta-
 vmibg ui dgbg bh prgthnnaþi. Rgbgs fgs hvhitgs rhc-
astrmbgs sh mfdmnhimi ngdg nþbacg bh emffg y/g nþbacg
bh pmrídhtrg rh`msmbg y sh duhstrmi hi hf pmihf bh
aistrudhitgs numibg sh prgbunh hf emffg. Fgs emffgs
puhbhi fhhrsh tmd`aái hi ui dgdhitg pgsthragr lm-
nahibg pgsa`fh ngi hffg hf shcuadahitg bh prg`fhdms
aithrdathiths.
Fgs dgbgs bh prgthnnaþi y fms mutgngdprg`mnagihs
sgi pmrth bh fm prgcrmdmnaþi bh fm RNX y ig sh
puhbh aiefuar hi hffgs.
Fm RNX sh hinuhitrm hi fm ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`-
aim. Fgs aibanmbgrhs y fms pmitmffms bhf pmihf bh ai-
strudhitgs sh utafazmi pmrm fhhr aiegrdmnaþi rhfm-
nagimbm ngi fm trmisdasaþi. [mrm rhmfazmr fgs
bamc- iþstangs y fgs mjusths, hs dís ngivhiahith
utafazmr ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf ngi hf sgetwmrh
Rhstdmi.
Mutgngdprg`mnaþi
Hi hf dgdhitg bhf hinhibabg sh rhmfazmi uim shrah
bh ngdprg`mnagihs. ^a fm RNX ig ngisacuh
rhmfazmr
=2
=>;; ^ PD =
288
hstms ngdprg`mnagihs, nhrrmrí tgbms fms smfabms.
Fm trmisdasaþi ig pgbrí utafazmrsh lmstm quh sh
lmym rhntaeanmbg hf prg`fhdm. ^h vasumfazmrí hf
nþbacg bh emffg ngrrhspgibahith.
Dgbgs bh euinagimdahitg
Dgbg igrdmf 
Ig sh bhthntm   IAICÚI   emffg hi hf sasthdm bh
fm trmisdasaþi g hf emffg hi nuhstaþi mphims
tahih hehntgs g ig tahih iaicúi hehntg hi hf ngitrgf
bh fm trmisdasaþi. Fm RNX euinagimrí ngi duy
pgnms
fadatmnagihs g sai iaicuim fadatmnaþi.
Ngitrgf bh hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag 
Fm RNX IG [XHBH nmd`amr fm dmrnlm g fm barhn-
naþi ngi hf ngitrgf bh fm dgbufmnaþi bh hd`rmcuh
igr- dmf. Fm RNX utafazm fm hstrmthcam
sustatutgram bh ngitrgf bhf hd`rmcuh, tgbms fms
dgbufmnagihs sh ngi-
trgfmi hi euinaþi bhf tahdpg. Fm pmitmffm
dgstrmrí hf dhismjh tW^NN.
Dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam ("Fadp Lgdh") 
Hf emffg bhthntmbg hi hf sasthdm adpgih euhrths fad-
atmnagihs sg`rh hf ngitrgf bh fm trmisdasaþi. Fm RNX
sþfg pgbrí mngpfmr ui hicrmimjh hi nmbm shitabg. Hi
mfcuigs nmsgs sþfg sh pgbrí hicrmimr ui shitabg bh
dmrnlm. Fm pmitmffm dgstrmrí hf dhismjh tWFD[.
Numibg sh prgbunh hf emffg pgr pradhrm vhz, fm RNX
nmd`am fm trmisdasaþi m  IHXRPM . Hf nmrrhtaffhrg
bh`h nmd`amr hf shfhntgr bh dmrnlms m fm pgsanaþi
IHXRPM . ^a fm vhfgnabmb bh smfabm hs aiehragr mf
ud-
`rmf pmrm quh sh mngpfh fm pgsanaþi  IHXRPM   y hf
nmrrhtaffhrg nmd`am hf shfhntgr bh dmrnlm m dmrnlm
mbhfmith g dmrnlm mtrís, fm RNX shfhnnagimrí hf hi-
crmimjh bh dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam (Fadp-
Lgdh). ^a fm vhfgnabmb hs aiehragr mf ud`rmf
pmrm
hf hicrmimjh bh dmrnlm mtrís y fm RNX lm nmd`a-
mbg mf hicrmimjh bh dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam
(Fadp Lgdh) y hf nmrrhtaffhrg shfhnnagim ui nmd`ag
bh fmizmbhrm, fm RNX nmd`amrí aidhbamtmdhith mf
dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam bh fm barhnnaþi shfhn-
nagimbm. ^a fm vhfgnabmb bh smfabm sh lmnh dmygr quh
hf ud`rmf bh dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam (Fadp
Lgdh), fm RNX nmd`amrí fm trmisdasaþi m
IHXRPM . Hf nmrrhtaffhrg bh`h rhbunar fm
vhfgnabmb bh fm nmr- rhtaffm hfhvmbgrm y pmsmr hf
shfhntgr bh nmd`ag bh dmr- nlm m fm
pgsanaþi IHXRPM  pmrm rhaianamr hf dgbg
bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam (Fadp Lgdh).
Dgbg bh mpmcmbg bh fm trmisdasaþi.
^a fm RNX bhthntm ui emffg crmvh, hf ngitrgf bh
fm trmisdasaþi sh bhslm`afatmrí. Fm RNX mpmcmrí
fms
 vífvufms sgfhigabh pmrm fgs hd`rmcuhs y fm euhith bh
mfadhitmnaþi ngdúi (U[^=). Fm RNX nmd`amrí
fm trmisdasaþi m IHXRPM.  ngibanagihs miths bh phrdatar hf euinagimdahitg igr-
Hrhft anfmfmr.r hFtmaf tfhrmrgi sbdh`asha þrih
bsuhcnuara rfím hvih fIgnHabXmRbP bMh .  fm nmr-
Dgbg bh mpmcmbg bh fm RNX.
^h prgbunh numibg fm RNX bhthntm ui emffg crmvh
quh bhslm`afatm hf ngitrgf bhf sasthdm. Fm
pmitmffm dgstrmrí hf dhismjh tW^LR.
Hi hsth dgdhitg fm RNX mpmcmrí tgbms fms vífvufms
sgfhigabh y fms bgs euhiths bh mfadhitmnaþi ngduihs
(U[^= y U[^0).
Fm trmisdasaþi shcuarí hi IHXRPM .
Nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg bh
fm trmisdasaþi  btmhlmgrhmism y, fdm uphmsitrmf fmsF lNgB- rms bh
Burmith hf euinagimdahitg bh fm nmrrhtaffm, hf ngi-
trgfmbgr bh fm RNX puhbh vasumfazmr nþbacgs
bh pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg bh fm trmisdasaþi
hi fm FNB bhf pmihf bh aistrudhitgs. Hstgs
nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrgs sg`rhpmsmbgs rhefhjmi quh
fm phtanaþi rhmfazmbm pgr hf nmrrhtaffhrg ig shrí
hjhnutmbm bh`abg m nahrtms narnuistminams. Ngisufth
fm shnnaþi Nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg bh fm
trmisdasaþi pmrm
 vhr uim fastm bh nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrgs sg`rhpmsmbgs
bh fm trmisdasaþi y uim bhsnrapnaþi bh fms narnui-
stminams hingitrmbms.
Nþbacgs bh emffg
Bhsnrapnaþi 
Fm FNB puhbh dgstrmr baehrhiths dgbgs.
•  Dgbg Nuhitmlgrms
•  Dgbg Hrrgr (sh duhstrm sgfmdhith sa lmy
hrrgrhs mntavgs)
•   Dgbg Nmfa`rmnaþi (ngibanagihs bh hitrmbm
hsph- namfhs)
•  Dgbg Phcastrg bh Hrrgrhs (ngibanagihs bh
hitrmbm hsphnamfhs)
Hi ngibanagihs igrdmfhs bh euinagimdahitg fm FNB
dgstrmrí sgfmdhith hf nuhitmlgrms. ^a lmy hrrgrhs
mntavgs sh bhspfmzmrí hitrh Dgbg Lgrms y Dgbg Hr-
rgr.
Burmith hf aianag bh fm RNX fm pmitmffm dgstrmrí hf
dhismjh thWII. Uhraeanm quh sh nudpfhi tgbms fms
dmf.
Burmith hf aianag, fm FNB puhbh dgstrmr =,0 þ > sa sh
rhmfazm mfcuim mntavmnaþi rípabm bhf hinhibabg (GI)
g sa sh prhsagim mfcúi aithrruptgr bh bamciþstang?
hstg egrdm pmrth bh fm shnuhinam bh ngibanagihs
bh hitrmbm hsphnamfhs pmrm hf dgbg Hrrgr.
• Fhnturm bhf nuhitmlgrms
Nshu hminbughsihtrdm uhis tdrmgbhgf rnhufhgij
euinagimdahitg bhf dgtgr.
^a hf ngitrgfmbgr bh fm trmisdasaþi bhthntm
ui emffg, fm FNB dgstrmrí ui nþbacg bh emffg hi vhz
bh fms lgrms bh euinagimdahitg bhf dgtgr.
Fgs nþbacgs bh emffg quh hdpahzmi pgr "t" sh
rheahrhi m nþbacgs bh pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg y
nþbacgs bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi. Ngisufth fm
shnnaþi Nþbacgs bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE hi
hsth dmiumf pmrm vhr fm fastm bh nþbacgs bh
pmrídhtrg sg`rhpmsmbg y bh nþba- cgs bh emffg.
Numibg sh prgbuznm dís bh ui emffg mf
dasdg tahdpg, fgs nþbacgs bh emffg sh dgstrmríi hi
sunhsaþi. Numibg fms narnuistminams lmymi
nmd`ambg y tgbgs fgs emffgs bhjhi bh hxastar, hf
nuhitmlgrms/fm pmitmffm bh nþbacgs bh emffg
dgstrmrí bh iuhvg fms lgrms bh euinagimdahitg bhf
dgtgr.
Hf nþbacg bh emffg tWNGI aibanm ui prg`fhdm bh ng-
duianmnaþi.
^asthdm b h n gitrgf =>;; ^ PD =
288
Nmbm iúdhrg sh duhstrm burmith > shcuibgs,
trms fg numf sh duhstrm hf iúdhrg sacuahith.
Fgs emffgs

Hf nþbacg bh emffg t-NGI sh duhstrm numibg hf pmihf

bh aistrudhitgs ig rhna`h ui dhismjh nänfang g rhna`h
dhismjhs aingrrhntgs bh fm RNX.

Dgbg bh rhcastrg bh emffgs

Mnnhsg 

Hf tm`fhrg bh aistrudhitgs tahih uim dhdgram quh

rhcastrm nmbm emffg numibg sh prgbunh. Hstgs
emffgs quh sh lmi prgbunabg puhbhi rhvasmrsh
pgsthragr- dhith hitrmibg hi hf dgbg bh rhcastrg
bh emffgs. [rgnhbm bhf sacuahith dgbg pmrm hitrmr
hi hf dgbg
bh rhcastrg bh emffgs:
=.   Mpfaquh hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg.
0.   Carh hf ngitmntg m fm pgsanaþi bh hinhibabg
(GI), phrg sai mrrminmr fm nmrrhtaffm hfhvmbgrm.
>.   [rhsagih hf aithrruptgr bh shrvanag > vhnhs,
prh- sagih mprgxadmbmdhith burmith ui
shcuibg y suhfth burmith ui shcuibg (hstg
rhprhshitm ui nanfg). Rrms hf pradhr nanfg, fm
pmitmffm dgstrmrí
ui =. Bhspuás bhf shcuibg nanfg, fm
pmitmffm dgstrmrí ui 0. Rrms hf thrnhr nanfg,
fm pmitmffm dgstrmrí ui >.
 Mlgrm fm pmitmffm sh hinuhitrm hi hf dgbg bh
rhc- astrg bh emffgs. Numibg ig sh lmi rhcastrmbg
emffgs, fm pmitmffm FNB duhstrm "nfhmr" (vmnäg).
Numibg sh lmi rhcastrmbg emffgs, fm pmitmffm
duhstrm uim fhtrm y 2 iúdhrgs pmrm nmbm nþbacg bh
emffg. [mrm fgs nþbacgs bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi, fm
fhtrm hs fm "t".
Rrms hf nþbacg bh emffg, sh duhstrmi trhs iúdhrgs
mba- nagimfhs.
Fgs iúdhrgs rhprhshitmi fg sacuahith:
•  Nþbacg bh emffg
•  Fhnturm bhf nuhitmlgrms hi fm úftadm gnurrhinam
•  Fhnturm bhf nuhitmlgrms hi fm pradhrm
gnurrhinam
•  Iúdhrg bh gnurrhinams bhf emffg mntumf

=5
 =>;; ^ PD = 288 ^asthdm b h n
sh dgstrmríi hi fm shnuhinam aivhrsm bh su mpmra- gitrgf
naþi: hf emffg dís rhnahith sh dgstrmrí pradhrg y hf
pradhr emffg sh dgstrmrí hf úftadg. Numibg sh lmymi
dgstrmbg tgbgs fgs nþbacgs bh emffg rhcastrmbgs, fm
pmitmffm shcuarí rhpatahibg hstgs nþbacgs bh emffg rhc-
astrmbgs lmstm quh hf usumrag smfcm bhf dgbg bh rhc-
astrg bh emffgs.

^mfar 
[mrm smfar bhf dgbg bh rhcastrg bh emffgs, carh fm ffmvh bh
ngitmntg m fm pgsanaþi bh mpmcmbg (GEE) y hinhi- babg
(GI) y bhjh fm pgsanaþi bh hinhibabg (GI) bu- rmith
dís bh 0 shcuibgs. Hf pmihf bh aistrudhitgs
 vgfvhrí m dgbg igrdmf numibg sh fa`hrh hf erhig bh
hstmnagimdahitg g numibg sh mrrmiquh hf dgtgr.
Rrmispmrhith 

[mrm `grrmr fgs nþbacgs bh emffg rhcastrmbgs hi fm pmi-

tmffm, prgnhbm bhf sacuahith dgbg:
=.   Mnnhsg mf dgbg bh rhcastrg bh emffgs. Uámsh Mn-
nhsg.
0.   @grrh hf rhcastrg bh emffgs prhsagimibg hf aithr-
ruptgr bh shrvanag gtrms trhs vhnhs (ui shcuibg bh
pufsmnaþi, ui shcuibg bh fa`hrmnaþi). ^h trmtm bh
uim rhphtanaþi bh fgs prgnhbadahitgs pmrm mn- nhbhr
mf dgbg bh rhcastrg bh emffgs. Uámsh Mnnhsg.
^a hf prgnhsg bh `grrmbg bh bmtgs sh rhmfazm ngrrhntm-
dhith, fm pmitmffm dgstrmrí "nfhmr" (vmnäg). ^a hf prg-
nhsg bh `grrmbg bh bmtgs ig sh rhmfazm ngrrhntmdhith, fm
pmitmffm dgstrmrí fgs nþbacgs bh emffg hi dhdgram,
dgstrmbgs hi hf grbhi nrgigfþcang bh mpmranaþi. [mrm
 vgfvhr mf dgbg igrdmf, sacm hf prgnhbadahitg bhsnratg
hi ^mfar.

Phntaeanmnaþi bh emffgs
Fgs nþbacgs bh emffg sh fastmi hi fm shnnaþi  Nþbacgs bh
emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE, quh prgpgrnagim uim
bhsnrapnaþi bhf emffg y bh fm rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX. Nmbm
nþbacg bh emffg rhprhshitm ui emffg bh euinagimdahitg g
ui hrrgr hsphnäeang.
Hi fm dmygr pmrth bh fgs nmsgs fm rhntaeanmnaþi suc-
hrabm hs dhbamith fm ngdprg`mnaþi bh fm euinagimfa-
bmb hfántranm hitrh fm RNX, hf nm`fhmbg y fgs shisgrhs,
sgfhigabhs g aithrruptgrhs.
 Miths bh bhsdgitmr ngdpgihiths pmrm rhmfazmr pruh-
`ms, ngihnth hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi. Hf sgetwmrh phr-

dsgarths fbmh vhrfgaenaanbmnbaþ, ib hbf hai ftmh

reuruipntagir mbfha bngmibt mbdh afigsm nsahþi-,

=8
 bhf shisgr bh thdphrmturm, bh fm pmfminm bh
nmd`ags, bhf shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm, bh fgs
sgfhigabhs y bhf shisgr bhf mnhfhrmbgr. Hi hf nmsg bh
quh sh aibaquhi
 vmrags pgsa`fhs bhehntgs, hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi
puhbh hstrhnlmr hf iúdhrg bh pgsa`fhs bhehntgs,
hvatmibg fm rhtarmbm aiihnhsmram bh ngdpgihiths
quh euinagimi ngrrhntmdhith.
[ mr m r n ta ea n m r pr g `
sg f h i gab hs y s hi sg r h s ,
fh d m s n gi ai t h r r u p t g r h s ,
a bh i t aeaq u h su f g n m fa z m n a þ i
rhmf y pruh`h hf ngdpgihith. Fm fgnmfazmnaþi bh fgs
rhcufmbgrhs bh prhsaþi hs fm aibanmbm hi fm shnnaþi
 Uífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm. Fm fgnmfazmnaþi
bh fgs shisgrhs h aithrruptgrhs sh duhstrm hi fm
shn- naþi^hisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb y thdphrmturm
y Eacurm
==. Fgs vmfgrhs bh pruh`m bh sgfhigabhs y shisgrhs
sgi fgs dgstrmbgs hi Hsphnaeanmnagihs Hfántranms.
IGRM: Hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi y hf dmiumf
Bamcrmdms
<;;; ^PD =8;; tahihi rhehrhinam bh nm`fhs y bh hi-
trmbms rhfmnagimbgs ngi fm RNX.
[mrm bhthrdaimr fm fgnmfazmnaþi hxmntm bh ui prg`-
f d m hi u i d m z g b h nm ` f m
rh eh rh n a m b hf n g d p g i hi t h
b g , ` u s q u hf i ú d h r gb h
a d p f an m b g hi   B a m cr m d m s
<;;; ^PD =8;;. Fm fhyhibm bh Bamcrmdms <;;;
^PD =8;; duhstrm hf nþbacg bh ngihntgr rhfmnagimbg
y hf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg mehntmbg. ^h puhbh vhr
ai- egrdmnaþi sg`rh hstgs ngihntgrhs hi fms fhyhibms
bh Eacurm 0;. Fms pgsanagihs bh fgs iúdhrgs bh
pmtaffm bhf ngihntgr sh duhstrmi hi Eacurm
0= m Eacurm 01. Fms eacurms rhprhshitmi fm vastm
quh darm lmnam hf
fmbg bh fms pmtaffms bhf ngihntgr, IG hf fmbg bhf dmzg
bh nm`fhmbg bhf ngihntgr.
Eacurm 0; duhstrm fgs dmzgs bh nm`fhmbg quh sgi
phr- taihiths pmrm hf nm`fhmbg bh fm RNX. Fm
fgnmfazmnaþi rhmf bh fgs ngihntgrhs puhbh bhbunarsh
bh su pgsanaþi
h i f d m z g b h n m ` fh b g y b h
fh y hi b m b h f m s e ac u rm s b h f g s
s u b h n ra p a þ i . H i fm
d m z gs b h n m ` f h m b g s h duhstrmi
fms eacurms bh fgnmfazmnaþi bh fms pmtaffms
pmrm fgs ngihntgrhs quh sarvhi bh aithrngihxaþi hi-
trh fgs dmzgs bh nm`fhmbg.
[mrm abhitaeanmr ui prg`fhdm bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg,
pradhrg bhthrdaih fm ngihntavabmb hitrh fm RNX y hf
ngihntgr bhf ngdpgihith aibanmbg hi Nþbacgs bh emffg
bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE. ^a sh bhvuhfvh ui rhsuftmbg ai-
smtasemntgrag, dabm fm ngihntavabmb bh dmzg m dmzg.
UÍFUXFM BH NGIRPGF LABPÍXFANM
Fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm sh hinuhitrm hi
hf fmbg azquahrbg bh fm trmisdasaþi y ngitahih fms
 vífvufms rhcufmbgrms bh prhsaþi y fgs graeanags bh
ngdprg`mnaþi. Hf euinagimdahitg bh fm vífvufm
bh ngitrgf labríufanm bhphibh bh fm prhsaþi bh
sud- aiastrg bh fm `gd`m baspgia`fh y bh fm
mntavmnaþi bh fgs rhcufmbgrhs bh prhsaþi. Fm
mntavmnaþi bh fgs rhcufmbgrhs bh prhsaþi hs
ngitrgfmbm pgr fm RNX. Hf euinagimdahitg
labríufang bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf sh duhstrm
hsquhdítanmdhith hi Eacurm 3.
Fm fgnmfazmnaþi bh fgs baehrhiths rhcufmbgrhs bh prh-
saþi hs fm dgstrmbm hi Eacurm 1.
Fm fgnmfazmnaþi bh fgs ngdpgihiths prainapmfhs bh fm
 vífvufm bh ngitrgf hs fm dgstrmbm hi Eacurm =;.
Phpmrmnaþi bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf
labríufanm
Fms rhpmrmnagihs bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf sh fad-
atmi, hi fm dmygräm bh narnuistminams, m
sustatuar sgfhigabhs y juitms. Fgs ngdpgihiths
labríufangs bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf puhbhi shr
aisphnnagimbgs y hstíi baspgia`fhs pmrm
sustatunaþi, phrg ig puhbhi shr mjustmbgs.
 [vímfrvmu fvmh rb dh ínsg ibthrtgmf,f fhnsg issgu`frth fmh f
sudsmtaitumnafþ  iR rbmhi fsm- dasaþi, Phpmrmnaþi (ZE-
SC=5=) =>;; ^PD =285.
=>;; ^ PD = 288 ^asthdm b h n
gitrgf

=. UÍFUXFM BH [PH^AÞI [PAINA[MF 8. PHCXFMBGP BH [PH^AÞI

0. UÍFUXFM PHBXNRGPM BH [PH^AÞI 5. RM[M
>. NMPNM^M 3. @FG]XH BH UÍFUXFM^
2. NGIHNRGP BHF DMZG BH NM@FHMBG
 Eacurm 1. Fgnmfazmnaþi bh fgs sgfhigabhs

 Fhyhibm bh fm eacurm =;
=. UÍFUXFM BH [PH^AÞI [PAINA[MF
NGI DXHFFH
0. MDGPRACXMBGP BH UA@PMNAGIH^ NGI
DXHFFH
>. NGPPHBHPM BH ^HCXADAHIRG NGI DXHFFH

 Eacurm =;. Ngdpgihiths bh fm vífvufm bh

ngitrgf

=3
^ustatunaþi bh sgfhigabhs
[mrm vhr dís bhtmffhs sg`rh fm sustatunaþi
bh sgfhigabhs, ngisufth hf dmiumf   nhr fm nmusm dhbamith ngdprg`mnagihs mbanagimfhs.
Rrmisdasaþi, Phpmrmnaþi (ZE-SC=5=) =>;;
^PD =285.
Ngdprg`mnaþi bh fm prhsaþi
Rpugbhbmhs if mds hpbrahrs hagi hfs f mbhg m bnh
aftmh vbíhf vfumf mtr bmhi sndgiatsraþgif u sh- mibg
hf rmngr D=;\=. Ngisufth Eacurm == y pmrm vhr fms
fastms bh fgs iúdhrgs bh fgs graeanags bh ngdprg-
`mnaþi y su bhsnrapnaþi. Fgs iúdhrgs bh graeanag
dhi- nagimbgs hi nmbm puitg bh ngdprg`mnaþi
ngrrhspgi- bhi m fgs iúdhrgs bh graeanag dgstrmbgs
hi Eacurm 3
Iaicuim bh fms prhsagihs bh mnhath hs mjustm`fh. ^a fm
prhsaþi hstí euhrm bh hsphnaeanmnaþi, lmy quh hstm`fh-
Fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf ainfuyh fm vífvufm bh prhsaþi
prainapmf y fm vífvufm rhbuntgrm bh prhsaþi (pafgtg).
Fgs graeanags bh ngdprg`mnaþi bh fgs bavhrsgs hd-
b`rhm pcruhsaþ piu bhhb hmiar ph rmhpsfuanrmazbmr
sbh `nghi s hmra rbh. mFpmr gnxmaidtma bmb- dhith
=2 `mr (0;; psa). Mpfanmibg prhsaþi bh marh hi fgs
graeanags bh ngdprg`mnaþi, sh puhbh hstm`fhnhr hf
hicrmih bhf hd`rmcuh y fms eucms g`vams. [mrm vhr
fm fgnmfazmnaþi bh fgs graeanags, ngisufth Eacurm ==.

Iúdhrg bhf8= graeanag.

  HitrmbmBhsnrapnaþi
bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr ==-=> `mrbhf
[rhsaþi (=81+01 psa)
graeanag
8>   Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm lmnam =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)
bhfmith
88   Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mtrís =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)
85   Hd`rmcuh bh =ª vhfgnabmb =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)
83   Hd`rmcuh bh 0ª vhfgnabmb =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)
8<   Hd`rmcuh bh >ª vhfgnabmb =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)
58   [rhsaþi bhf sasthdm =5-=<,8 `mr (0>0+>5 psa)

 Eacurm ==. Graeanags bh ngdprg`mnaþi, vífvufm bh ngitrgf

=>;; ^ PD = 288
Hsphnaeanmnagihs bh prhsaþi
Fm thdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh`h shr bh <; m 1;»N (=<;
m =11»E) pmrm dhbar ngrrhntmdhith fm prhsaþi.
Hi hf narnuatg bh rherachrmnaþi y fu`ranmnaþi hf ngi-
 vhrtabgr bh pmr prgbunh uim rhsasthinam mbanagimf m
fm narnufmnaþi mf mudhitmr fm baehrhinam bh vhfgnabmb
hitrh hf dgtgr y hf hjh bh hitrmbm bh fm trmisdasaþi.
^HI^GPH^ BH UHFGNABMB Q
RHD[HPMRXPM
 Miths bh bhsdgitmr ngdpgihiths pmrm rhmfazmr
pruh-
`ms, ngihnth hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi. Hf sgetwmrh phr-
dath fm vhraeanmnaþibh fm euinagimfabmb bh
vmrags ngd- pgihiths, hvatmibg bhsdgitmjhs
aiihnhsmrags.
Fm fgnmfazmnaþi bh fgs shisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb sh
ainfuyh hiEacurm =0.
^hisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb
Fm euinaþi bh fgs shisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb hs bhthrda-
imr fm vhfgnabmb bh rgtmnaþi bh fgs baehrhiths crupgs
bh hicrmimjhs. Fm RNX nmfnufm fms rhfmnagihs bh vh-
fgnabmb hitrh fgs baehrhiths crupgs y ngdpmrm fgs
vmf- grhs nmfnufmbgs ngi fgs vmfgrhs prgcrmdmbgs.
^a fm bhsvamnaþi hxnhbh bh ui vmfgr phrdatabg, fm
RNX chi- hrm ui nþbacg bh emffg y hitrm
hvhitumfdhith hi dgbg bh prgthnnaþi. M „ Fm prgcrmdmnaþi bh fm RNX aithrprhtm fm pgsa-
ngitaiumnaþi sh bmi uigs numitgs hjhdpfgs bh
hitrmbms y rhfmnagihs bh vhfgnabmb dgi- atgrazmbms
pgr fm RNX:
•  Phfmnaþi bh vhfgnabmb bhf ngivhrtabgr
„  Fm rhfmnaþi hitrh fm vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr y fm
vh- fgnabmb bh fm tur`aim rhna`h hf igd`rh bh
rhfmnaþi bh vhfgnabmb bhf ngivhrtabgr y hs uim
dhbabm bh fm pgthinam quh hstí sahibg
trmisehrabm m trmvás
bmhfd nhgitvmhf rptambrgmr .q uHhs ftm
R N X p u h b m b h t h r d agirm eru
r hf mn aþ i h s u i e m nt
hi- hf dgbg bh shfhnnaþi mutgdítanm sa lmy quh
sh- fhnnagimr hf hicrmimjh sacuahith dís mftg g
dís
^asthdm b h n
gitrgf
`mjg. Burmith fm nmfa`rmnaþi sh utafazm ui nmd`ag
rhphitaig bh fm rhfmnaþi bh vhfgnabmb bhf ngivhr-
tabgr pmrm bhthrdaimr fm pgsanaþi bhf pastþi bhf
hd`rmcuh hi hf dgdhitg hi quh hf hd`rmcuh
hd- pahzm su hehntg bh sujhnaþi.
•  Phfmnaþi bh trmisdasaþi
„ Nmbm uig bh fgs hicrmimjhs shfhnnagimbgs bh fm
trmisdasaþi tahih uim rhfmnaþi bh trmisdasaþi
hsphnäeanm. Numibg sh nahrrm uig bh fgs hd-
`rmcuhs barhnnagimfhs y numibg fm vhfgnabmb bh
smfabm lm ffhcmbg m ui nahrtg vmfgr pmrm fm ngd-
prg`mnaþi, sh ngdpmrm fm rhfmnaþi rhmf ngi
fm rhfmnaþi hsphnaeanmbm. ^a fm bhsvamnaþi hxnhbh
bh fgs fädaths, sh supgih quh uig bh fgs
hd`rmcuhs pmtaim. ^h shýmfazm ui emffg y fm
RNX hitrm hi dgbg bh mpmcmbg.
•  Phfmnaþi bh dmrnlm
„ ^a emffm fm tur`aim, hf shisgr bh vhfgnabmb aithrim
g bh smfabm, fm RNX nmfnufm fm 'rhfmnaþi
rhmf'
`msíibgsh hi hf vmfgr bhf rhstg bh fgs shisgrhs.
Hstg phrdath hf euinagimdahitg ngitaiumbg bh fm
trmisdasaþi. Hf emffg bhf shisgr bh vhfgnabmb sh
ahif bsahnims pgrg rb dh hvbhfagn babhm ubi b
nhþf bdacgt gbrh, gem sfaf ge.m f^fma edmfífsm bh
ui shisgr bh vhfgnabmb, fm RNX hitrmrí hi hf
dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh hdhrchinam (Fadp Lgdh) y
shýmfazmrí ui emffg.
•  [mr dgtgr díxadg burmith fm dmrnlm fhitm
naþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm ngdg fm prhsaþi
ihnhsmram pmrm hf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm fhitm. Hf
nmfgr chihrmbg hi hf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm fhitm
hs prgpgrnagimf m fm pgthinam trmisehrabm pgr hf
ngivhrtabgr bh pmr (4rhfmnaþi bh vhfgnabmb
bhf ngivhrtabgr) Numibg fm pgthinam trmisehrabm
hstí m ui iavhf bhdmsambg mftg burmith ui
tahdpg hxnhsavg, fm RNX fa`hrmrí fm prhsaþi
hi hf hd-
`rmcuh y shýmfazmrí ui emffg.
=1
 Eacurm =0. [uitgs y Ngihxagihs bh Dhbanaþi
 =>;; ^ PD = 288 ^asthdm b h n
gitrgf
 Fhyhibm bh fm eacurm =0

Dmrnmbg hi hf bamcrmdm labríufa

[rhsaþi
  g thdphrmturm bhf mnhath labríufang
Äthd   Bhsnrapnaþi bhf äthd

= ^hisgr bh vhfgnabmb bh fm tur`aim

0 ^hisgr bh vhfgnabmb aithrdhbag

[rhsaþi bhf sasthdm

>   (D=;\=) =5-=<,8 `mr (0>0+>5 psa)   58
2  
[rhsaþi bhf ngivhrtabgr ==-=> `mr (=81+01 psa)
(D=;\=) Aithrruptgr bh ngitmdaimnaþi bhf eaftrg Phsparmbhrg   8=
^hisgr bh fm vhfgnabmb
8   bh smfabm
5   bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf
Ngihntgr bh nm`fhmbg
^hisgr bh vhfgnabmb
3   bhf dgtgr
<1  
=;  
 

Uífvufm bh rhthinaþi bh prhsaþi bhf ngivhrtabgr

  2,>-3,> `mr (50+22 psa) 80/5>
(D=2\=.8)
==   [rhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh =ª vhfgnabmb (D=;\=) =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)   85
=0   ^hisgr bh thdphrmturm bh smfabm bhf ngivhrtabgr
=>   Bhf aithrnmd`ambgr bh nmfgr
=2   Mf aithrnmd`ambgr bh nmfgr
=8   [rhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mtrís (D=;\=) =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)   88
=5   [rhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh >ª vhfgnabmb (D=;\=) =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)   8<
  [rhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mbhfmith
=3   =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)   8>
(D=;\=)
=< [rhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh 0ª vhfgnabmb (D=;\=) =5-=< `mr (0>0+01 psa)   83

0=
=. DMIAJM BHF ^HFHNRGP >. ^HFHNRGP BH [PGCPMDM BH RPMNNAÞI
0. AIBANMBGP BH BAPHNNAÞI

 Eacurm =>. [mfminm bh nmd`ag

[ruh`m  shisgr hi "Dgiatgrazmnaþi bh Uhfgnabmb/[mr dg-
tgr".
Hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi duhstrm fm euinagimfabmb
bh
nmbm uig bh fgs shisgrhs bh vhfgnabmb hi "Dgiatgrhs
[mfminm bh nmd`ag
bh Uhfgnabmb/[mr dgtgr". Fm euinagimfabmb Fm pmfminm bh nmd`ag vm dgitmbm hi hf
hfántranm sh puhbh prg`mr ngdprg`mibg fm fmbg azquahrbg bh fm ngfudim bh barhnnaþi y
rhsasthinam hi fgs shisgrhs. prgpgr- nagim aiegrdmnaþi m fm RNX. Hf shitabg bh
dmrnlm sh shfhnnagim dgvahibg fm pmfminm bhsbh fm
^hisgrhs bh thdphrmturm pgsanaþi ihutrm bhf dhbag m fm pgsanaþi suphragr
Lmy bgs shisgrhs bh thdphrmturm quh dabhi fm thd- pmrm dgvhrsh dmrnlm mbhfmith g m fm pgsanaþi
aiehragr pmrm dg-
phrmturm hi fms bgs fgnmfazmnagihs baehrhiths quh sh
aibanmi m ngitaiumnaþi:  vhrsh dmrnlm mtrís. [mrm shfhnnagimr hf
prgcrmdm bh trmnnaþi bhshmbg, carh fm dmiajm bhf
•  Rhdphrmturm bhf nmrthr (sudaiastrg bh fm shfhntgr m fm pgsanaþi = m > bhshmbm. Uámsh Eacurm
`gd`m), => y Rm`fm 0.
G„ rHaesatnhag s 5h>isgr sh aithcrm hi hf dmzg bh Rm`fm 0. ^hfhnnaþi bh hicrmimjhs
nm`fhmbg bh fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf y sh ngihntm
ngi fm RNX.
Fm shýmf lmnam fm RNX sh ngivahrth hi uim shýmf [gsanaþi bhf shfhntgr Hicrmimjh bhf trhi
NMI`us lmnam hf tm`fhrg bh aistrudhitgs y rhp- bhf prgcrmdm bh bh pgthinam
rhshitm fm thdphrmturm bhf nmrthr bh fm trmnnaþi baspgia`fh
trmis-
dasaþi. Hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi aibanm fm euinagimf-
[gsanaþi =   =ª vhfgnabmb
abmb bh hsth shisgr hi "Dgiatgrazmnaþi bh Uhfgna-
bmb/[mr dgtgr". [gsanaþi 0   0ª y >ª vhfgnabmb
•  ^mfabm bhf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr, graeanag 80 [gsanaþi > Rrmisdasaþi
„ Hsth shisgr sh ngihntm ngi fm RNX. Fm euinaþi
ngisasth hi mntavmr ui dgbg bh prgthnnaþi. mutgdítanm (=ª m >ª)
Hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi aibanm fm euinagimfabmb bh
hsth
=>;; ^PD =288 [ruh`m y n mfa`rmnaþi b h f m t
rmisdasaþi Z E
[hbmf DGIGRPGF® 
bhf aithrruptgr bh dmrnlm mtrís bhf phbmf lmnam fm
Hf phbmf DGIGRPGF ngitrgfm fm RNX.
vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr y hf shitabg bh dmrnlm.
UámshEacurm =2. Lmy bgs ai- thrruptgrhs hi hf
ngijuitg bhf phbmf DGIGRPGF®. Numibg sh fa`hrm
hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg, hf ai- thrruptgr bhf
erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg phrdath fm nar- nufmnaþi
bh fm pgthinam bh fm `mthräm lmnam fgs aithr-
ruptgrhs bhf phbmf DGIGRPGF®.
Numibg hf phbmf DGIGRPGF® sh hinuhitrm hi fm
pgsanaþi bh dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith, sh mnnagim hf aithr-
ruptgr bh dmrnlm mbhfmith bhf phbmf. Fm pgthinam bh
fm `mthräm narnufm m trmvás bhf aithrruptgr bh dmrnlm
mbhfmith bhf phbmf lmnam fm RNX. Numibg hf phbmf bh
DGIGRPGF® sh hinuhitrm hi fm pgsanaþi bh dmr-
nlm mtrís, sh mntavm hf aithrruptgr bh dmrnlm mtrís
bhf phbmf. Fm pgthinam bh fm `mthräm narnufm m trmvás  Eacurm =2. [hbmf DGIGRPGF®

[ruh`m y nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE

[PXH@M Q NMFA@PMNAÞI BH FM [rgnhbadahitg bh fm pruh`m bh nmfmbg
RPMI^DA^AÞI
[rhnmunagihs [PHNMXNAÞI
Ig dmithicm hf mnhfhrmbgr m`ahrtg
 Miths bh prg`mr g nmfa`rmr fm trmisdasaþi, vhraeaquh burmith dís bh =8 shcuibgs shcuabgs. Bhjh
fg sacuahith: quh hf dg- tgr euinagih mf rmfhitä
•  Mshcúrhsh bh quh hf iavhf bhf fäquabg burmith bgs daiutgs hitrh fms pruh`ms.
rherachrmith hi hf sasthdm bh rherachrmnaþi shm
ngrrhntg. [PHNMXNAÞI
•  Mshcúrhsh bh quh hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg y ^uhfth hf mnhfhrmbgr aidhbamtmdhith sa fm vh-
fgs erhigs bh shrvanag euinagimi ngrrhntmdhith. fgnabmb bhf dgtgr mudhitm lmstm su vhfgnabmb
•  Mshcúrhsh bh quh hf iavhf bh mnhath pmrm fm bh rácadhi
trmis- dasaþi hstí hi hf "Iavhf Ffhig" ('Euff Dgtgr bahshf Nuddais, 0208 rpd ½0%
Fhvhf') numibg hstí nmfahith.
•  Mshcúrhsh bh quh fm thdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh
fm trmisdasaþi shm mf dhigs bh 3=»N (=5;»E). [PHNMXNAÞI
Fm rhmfazmnaþi bh uim pruh`m bh nmfmbg
Ngisufth hf Dmiumf bhf Xsumrag pmrm vhr aistrun- hi
nagihs sg`rh nþdg mýmbar rherachrmith y mnhath bh fm =ª puhbh bmýmr fms pahzms aithrims bhf
trmisdasaþi. ír`gf prgpufsgr.

[PXH@M BH NMFMBG Phmfanh fm pruh`m bh nmfmbg hi 0ª vhfgnabmb sg-

fmdhith (shfhntgr bh vhfgnabmb hi fm
pgsanaþi 0)
Bhsnrapnaþi
=.   Ngihnth ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf mf ngihntgr bh
Fm pruh`m bh nmfmbg prgpgrnagim aibanmnagihs bhf hs- ba- mciþstangs hi fm ngisgfm fmthrmf.
tmbg bhf dgtgr, fgs hd`rmcuhs bh fm trmisdasaþi y ^hfhnnagih fm pmitmffm (Dgiatgrazmnaþi bh
hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr. Fm pruh`m bh nmfmbg sh ffhvm Uhfgnabmb / [mr Dg- tgr) pmrm tgdmr fm fhnturm bh
m nm`g ngi fm trmisdasaþi hicrmimbm y ngi hf dgtgr fm vhfgnabmb bhf dg-
euinagimibg m tgbg cms, `fgquhmibg mf dasdg tahdpg tgr.
fms ruhbms dgtranhs. Fm vhfgnabmb bh nmfmbg bh`h shr
0.   Ngfgquh uim nmrcm hquavmfhith m fm nmpmnabmb hi
bh mfrhbhbgr bh 0;8; rpd ½ 8; rpd.
fms lgrquaffms pmrm adphbar quh fms ruhbms carhi.

0>
>.   @fgquhh hf dgvadahitg bh fm nmrrhtaffm ngfgníi-
bgfm ngitrm mfcúi g`jhtg eajg.
2.   ^hfhnnagih 0ª vhfgnabmblmnam bhfmith dgvahibg
hf shfhntgr bh dmrnlms lmnam bhfmith m fm pgsanaþi
0.
8.   [ash hf phbmf bhf mnhfhrmbgr lmstm fm mnhfhrmnaþi
díxadm.
5.   Rgdh fm fhnturm bh fm vhfgnabmb (bh nmfmbg) bhf
dgtgr y suhfth hf phbmf bhf mnhfhrmbgr.
^a fm vhfgnabmb bh nmfmbg sh satúm hitrh 8; y 0;; rpd
pgr bh`mjg bh fm hsphnaeanmbm, hf dgtgr ig hstí eui-
nagimibg m su díxadm pgthinam. Ngdpruh`h sa
lmy mfcúi nþbacg bh emffg bhf dgtgr y rhntaeaquh
numfquahr prg`fhdm quh mpmrhznm aibanmbg.
^a fm vhfgnabmb bh nmfmbg hs dmygr quh fms hsphnaea-
nmnagihs, hf hd`rmcuh mngpfmbg ig hstí mntumibg g hf
ngivhrtabgr bh pmr hstí bmýmbg. Ngdpruh`h sa lmy
mfcúi nþbacg bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi y rhntaeaquh
numfquahr prg`fhdm quh mpmrhznm aibanmbg.
^a ig lmy iaicúi nþbacg bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi y
fm vhfgnabmb bh nmfmbg hs dunlg dmygr quh fg hsphna-
eanmbg, rhtarh hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr pmrm prgnhbhr m su
aisphnnaþi g sustatunaþi.
^a fm vhfgnabmb bh nmfmbg hs sþfg fachrmdhith suphragr
m fg hsphnaeanmbg, ngisabhrh fm vabm bh shrvanag bhf
ngi-
 vhrtabgr bh pmr y fm gpnaþi bh sustatuarfg aidhbamtm-
dhith g hi ui dgdhitg pgsthragr.
NMFA@PMNAÞI BHF [HBMF BH DMPNLM
FHIRM
IGRM: Hi hf dgdhitg bhf mrrmiquh aianamf (ngitrg-
fmbgr iuhvg), Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm
hs ihnhsmrag miths bh Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh. Fm
nmrrhtaffm hfhvmbgrm ig sh dgvhrí sa hf phbmf bh dmr-
nlm fhitm ig hstí nmfa`rmbg. Fm nmrrhtaffm
tmdpgng lm`afatmrí hf dgbg bh dmrnlm fhitm sa fm
trmisdasaþi ig hstí nmfa`rmbm. Md`ms satumnagihs
chihrmríi ui nþbacg bh hrrgr hi pmitmffm.
Bhsnrapnaþi
Fm dmrnlm fhitm hs ui dgbg bh trmnnaþi y erhimbg
ngitrgfmbg. [hrdath vhfgnabmbhs bhf dgtgr
dís hfhvmbms pmrm mudhitmr fms vhfgnabmbhs bh fms
eui- nagihs labríufanms, dmithiahibg `mjm fm
vhfgnabmb bh bhspfmzmdahitg bh fm nmrrhtaffm. Fm
euinaþi bh dmrnlm fhitm sh g`tahih rhfmnagimibg fm
pgsanaþi bhf
phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm ngi fm prhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh.
Fm rhfmnaþi hitrh fm pgsanaþi bhf phbmf y fm prhsaþi
bhf hd`rmcuh bm fucmr m uim rhmnnaþi imturmf
bhf nmrrhtaffhrg bh pasmr múi dís hf phbmf bh
dmrnlm fhitm numibg fm vhfgnabmb rhmf bh fm
nmrrhtaffm hs bh- dmsambg mftm. Mf pasmr múi dís hf
phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm fm prhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh
dmrnlm sh rhbunarí, rhbunahibg ngi hffg fm vhfgnabmb
bh fm nmrrhtaffm, ngi aibhphibhinam bh fm
vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr. Hi nmsg
bh quh sh chihrh bhdmsambg nmfgr, fm RNX mntavmrí
hf nþbacg bh emffg tlgts g tlgtn (s4nmrthr,
n4ngivhr- tabgr).
Hf shisgr bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm tahih
quh nmfa`rmrsh pmrm bgs pgsanagihs bhf phbmf?
phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm tgtmfdhith pasmbg y phbmf
bh dmrnlm fhitm fa`hrmbg. Fm nmfa`rmnaþi hs
ihnhsmram numibg sh sustatuym hf shisgr bh
dmrnlm fhitm, numibg sh sustatuym fm RNX g
numibg hf shisgr lmym quhbmbg suhftg. Miths bh
nmfa`rmr hf shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm,
 vhraeaquh hf mjusth bhf phbmf bhf erhig y bhf shisgr bh
dmrnlm fhitm. Xim nmfa`rmnaþi aingrrhntm bhf shisgr
mntavmrí nþbacgs bh emffg burmith fm nmfa`rmnaþi bhf
phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm.
Mjusth bhf phbmf bh erhig y dmrnlm fhitm
=.   Carh hf phrig bh mjusth bhf phbmf bhf erhig lmstm
quh ig lmym imbm bh juhcg hitrh hf phrig bh fm
 vífvufm bhf erhig y hf rgbaffg satumbg bh`mjg bhf
phbmf bhf erhig. UámshEacurm =8.
0.   Ngfgquh fm pmrth suphragr bhf phbmf bh
dmrnlm fhitm y bhf phbmf bhf erhig m fm dasdm
mfturm.
 Mjusth hf phrig bh mjusth pmrm hf mngpfmdahitg
bhf phbmf bhf erhig bh egrdm quh hf phbmf bh
dmrnlm fhitm ig thicm rhngrrabg fa`rh.
 Eacurm =8. Ngijuitg bh phbmf
=>;; ^PD =288 [ruh`m y n mfa`rmnaþi b h f m t
rmisdasaþi Z E
 Fhyhibm bh fm eacurm =8 IGRM: [mrm fm nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm
=. [HBMF BHF EPHIG
0. [HBMF BH DMPNLM FHIRM fhitm, sh puhbh  usmr g `ahi hf aithrruptgr bh
>. [HPIG BH MJX^RH BHF [HBMF BHF EPHIG
2. [HPIG BH MJX^RH [MPM HF nmfa`rmnaþi
MNG[FMDAHIRG
BHF [HBMF BHF EPHIG
8. [HPIG BH MJX^RH BHF [HBMF BH
DMPNLM FHIRM

Mjusth/aistmfmnaþi bhf shisgr bh dmrnlm

fhitm
=.   Ngihnth ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf, nmrcmbg ngi
hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi, mf ngihntgr bh
bamciþstangs satumbg hi fm ngisgfm fmthrmf.
UámshEacurm =5. Rmd`aái sh pgbräm utafazmr ui
duftädhtrg y vhr- aeanmr fm shýmf bh smfabm hi
fm pmtaffm 0 (smfabm
mimfþcanm =).
0.   ^hfhnnagih Hitrmbms Mimfþcanms hi Rhstdmi.
>.   Uhraeaquh quh fm thisaþi bhf ^hisgr = bh dmrnlm
fhitm (MX= _UT ) pmrm hf shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm
t1a;h;i hd uUi) .vmfgr ngdprhibabg hitrh
;.3-;.1U (3;;-
2.   ^a fm thisaþi hs aingrrhntm, prgnhbm bhfdgbg
sacu- ahith:
m.   Hfhvh fm nm`aim lmstm quh hf phstaffg sh
quhbh
`fgquhmbg hi pgsanaþi m`ahrtm pmrnamf. Ngi-
sufth   Nm`aim bhf nmrrhtaffhrg   =;;
^PD
=>1; pmrm vhr hf prgnhbadahitg ngrrhntg.
`.   Mefgjh fgs bgs phrigs bh dgitmjh bhf
shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm.
n.   Carhhfshisgr hi fgs graeanags
rmiurmbgslmstm quh fm thisaþi bh smfabm
hstá ngdprhibabm hi-
trh
mbg.;.3-;.1U (3;;-1;; dU) ngi hf phbmf fa`hr-

b.   Mprahth fgs bgs phrigs bh dgitmjh y

vhraeaquh quh fm thisaþi bh smfabm sacuh
sahibg ngrrhntm.
IGRM: Numibg sh mntavm hf aithrruptgr bh
nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi, sh bhslm`afatm fm
nmrcm bhf mnudu- fmbgr bhf erhig pmrm hfadaimr
pgsa`fhs efuntumnagihs bh P[D quh pubahrmi mehntmr
m fm nmfa`rmnaþi bhf pm- quhth bh hd`rmcuh bh fm
trmisdasaþi.

Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm

08
[ruh`m y nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi =>;; ^PD
ZE g `ahi hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi, phrg iuinm uim ngd`a- =288
imnaþi bh fgs bgs. ^a hstí ngihntmbg hf sgetwmrh Rhst-
dmi, hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi IG [XHBH uta-
fazmrsh pmrm fm nmfa`rmnaþi. Fm pmitmffm ig dgstrmrí
aiegrdmnaþi bh nmfa`rmnaþi.
[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi dmiumf bhf phbmf
bh dmrnlm fhitm 

Numibg hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi hstí mntavmbg

(aithrruptgr hi pgsanaþi aiehragr, vámsh  Eacurm =5), fm
pmitmffm bhf tm`fhrg bh aistrudhitgs mntavmrí hf
dgbg nmfa`rmnaþi. Fm fuz bh mvasg bh fm trmis-
dasaþi sh hinhibhrí (GI)  y hf nuhitmlgrms ig sh
 vasumfazmrí. ^a lmy hrrgrhs mntavgs, fm pmitmffm sh
bhspfmzmrí hitrh dgbg bh nmfa`rmnaþi y dgbg bh
hrrgr. Hf dgbg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm
fhitm bh fm trmisdasaþi sh mjustm hi fm FNB, ngi hf
aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi mntavg, fm ffmvh bh ngitmntg hi
hinhibabg y hf dgtgr IG hi euinagimdahitg.
IGRM:   Hf sacuahith prgnhbadahitg hs hf prgnhb-
adahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi dmiumf pmrm fm nmfa`rmnaþi
bh f p h b m f bh d m rl m f h i t m.
p r g n h s g b h n m f a` rm n aþ i y u i
X i m v z m nt avm b g hf
vh z q u h h f a i t h r r u p t g r bh nmfa`rmnaþi
hstí hi fm pgsanaþi bh mntavmbg (ai- thrruptgr
`msnufmbg lmnam m`mjg), fm FNB dgstrmrí
aistrunnagihs pmsg m pmsg sg`rh fg quh lmy quh lmnhr m
ngitaiumnaþi.

=. RNX
0. NGIHNRGP BH BAMCIÞ^RANG
>. AIRHPPX[RGP BH NMFA@PMNAÞI
 Eacurm =5. fgnmfazmnaþi bhf aithrruptgr bh
nmfa`rmnaþi

05
=.   Mpmrquh fm nmrrhtaffm hi ui thrrhig m iavhf y ngfgquh hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi hi fm pgsa-
ngi ui däiadg bh shpmrmnaþi bh 8 d (=5.8 et) naþi bh bhsmntavmbg (gee) (`msnufh hf aithrruptgr
hitrh fm nmrrhtaffm y numfquahr g`jhtg.
bh nmfa`rmnaþi m su pgsanaþi suphragr).
0.   Mshcúrhsh bh quh fgs phbmfhs y hf shisgr bh
Nþbacgs bh hrrgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf
dmr- nlm fhitm sh lmymi mjustmbg ngrrhntmdhith.
Ngi- sufth fms shnnagihs  Mjusth bhf phbmf bh bh dmrnlm fhitm 
erhig y dmrnlm fhitm y Mjusth/aistmfmnaþi bhf Burmith hf prgnhsg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmr-
shisgr bh
dmrnlm fhitm bh hsth dmiumf pmrm vhr fgs prg- nFlNmB f hdigtmst prmurhíb h"R m[pQm\rh\n"h rg
nhbadahitgs mprgpambgs.
m"ftc[úriH Rnþ" baiacbga nbmhi hbhrgr qgur. h Fsmh
>.   Mpfaquh hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg. lmi prgbunabg hrrgrhs bh nmfa`rmnaþi. Nahrtgs
2.   Uhraeaquh quh fm pmfminm bh dmrnlm mbhfmith nþba- cgs bh hrrgr phrdathi rhmfazmr mjusths y
/ dmrnlm mtrís hstí hi IHXRPM.  rhaithitmr fm nmfa`rmnaþi, fg numf quhbm aibanmbg hi
fm FNB pgr hf dhismjh "t[rHR". Gtrgs nþbacgs bh
8.   Carh fm ffmvh bh ngitmntg m fm pgsanaþi bh mpmcmbg hrrgr bhthibríi hf prgnhsg bh nmfa`rmnaþi y shrí
(GEE). ihnhsmrag rhsgfvhrfgs miths bh rhaianamr hf prgnhsg bh
5.   Ngfgquh hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi hi nmfa`rmnaþi.
mntavmbg (gi) (`msnufh hf aithrruptgr m fm pgsanaþi Rm`fm 2. Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm
aiehragr) y saáithsh hi hf msahitg bhf nmrrhtaffhrg.
fhitm, [mitmffm FNB
3.   Carh fm ffmvh bh ngitmntg m fm pgsanaþi bh hinhi-
babg  (GI), phrg IG  mrrmiquh fm nmrrhtaffm. Phaithitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi   t[rHR
Hrrgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi   tpyxx
<.   Mlgrm hstmrí mntavmbg hf dgbg bh nmfa`rmnaþi
bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm. Fm FNB dgstrmrí R `fm 8. Nþbacgs bh hrrgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi
fm sacu- ahith shnuhinam: m 
 Q \\ ^aciaeanmbg bhf vmfgr bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm
•  sh bh`h vasumfazmr hi fm FNB hf dhismjh
2 =;  bh`h
t[Wbi? hf nmrrhtaffhrg Fmpasmr
pmfminm bh bh
hf phbmf nmd`ags IG hstí hi Ihutrm/Ig lmy iaicuim shýmf bhf aithrruptgr bh m
dmrnlm fhitmbhf nmrrhtaffhrg
m egibg lmstm fm pgsanaþi bh tgph
eaimf. 2 ==   Fm thisaþi bh mfadhitmnaþi bhf shisgr hstí euhrm bh fm cmdm hsphnaeanmbm
•  sh bh`h vasumfazmr hi fm FNB hf
dhismjh t[WX[? hf nmrrhtaffhrg bh`h bhjmr
tgtmfdhith fa`rh hf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm.
Rm`fm >. Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm
fhitm, [mitmffm FNB
2 =0   Uhfgnabmb bh smfabm IG 4 ;.
2 =>   Rhisaþi bhf shisgr pgr bh`mjg bh
fm cmdm hsphnaeanmbm Rhisaþi bhf shisgr pgr hinadm bh
fh [hbmf bh dmrnlm i t[Wbi
itm pasmbg (pgsanaþfm cmdm
aiehragr) hsphnaeanmbm
2=2 
[gsanaþi bhf shisgr ngrrhspgibahith m phbmf fa`hrmbg euhrm bh fm cmdm hsp
[gsanaþi bhf shisgr ngrrhspgibahith m phbmf pasmbg euhrm bh fm cmdm hsp
t[WX[2   =8*
[hbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm fa`hrmbg (pgsanaþi suphragr)
Rahdpg bh hsphrm bh nmfa`rmnaþi
Nmfa`rmnaþi rhmfazmbm

t[^Ht 2   =5*

1.   Numibg tgbgs fgs vmfgrhs hstái bhitrg bh fm

cmdm fm FNB dgstrmrí fg sacuahith:
•  t[^Ht, aibanmibg quh fm nmfa`rmnaþi bhf 2=< 
phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm hstí fastm. mcgtmbg, hf phbmf ig sh duhvh bhspuás bh aianamr fm nmfa`rmna
=;. Xim vhz fastm fm nmfa`rmnaþi, ngfgquh hf aithrrup-
tgr bh hinhibabg hi fm pgsanaþi bh mpmcmbg (GEE)
 [ruh`m y nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi
ZE
Rm`fm 8. Nþbacgs bh hrrgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi
bhf
 phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm (Ngitaiumnaþi)
^aciaeanmbg  Q bhf
\\ vmfgr
 Íicufg hitrh
2 pgsanaþi
  =1* bh fa`hrmbg y pgsanaþi bh pasmbg bhf phbmf
bhdmsambg phquhýg.
 Íicufg hitrh pgsanaþi bh fa`hrmbg y pgsanaþi bh pasmbg bhf phbmf
bhdmsambg 2  crmibh.
0;*
ngainabhi.
uim shýmf 0 rhbuibmith. ^hýmf 0 hs hf 8;% bh fm shýmf =. ^a fm shýmf 0 hstí euhrm bh rmicg hi dís bhf =;%, sh
=. ^a gnurrh hstg bh`hrí sustatuarsh hf shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm.
[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh
dmrnlm fhitm ngi hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi  `rmcuh lmstm quh hf pastþi hdpahnh su hehntg bh su-
=.   Mpmrquh fm nmrrhtaffm hi ui thrrhig m iavhf
ngi ui däiadg bh shpmrmnaþi bh 8 d (=5.8 et)
hitrh fm nmrrhtaffm y numfquahr g`jhtg.
0.   Mpfaquh hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg.
>.   Uhraeaquh quh fm pmfminm bh dmrnlm
mbh- fmith/dmrnlm mtrís hstí hi IHXRPM.  `rmcuh quh lmy quh fa`hrmr hdphzmrí m bhsnmrcmr su
2.   Mpmcuh (GEE) hf hinhibabg.
8.   Ngihnth ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf, ngi hf
sgetwmrh Rhstdmi nmrcmbg, mf ngihntgr bh
bamciþstangs
satumbg hi fm ngisgfm fmthrmf. UámshEacurm =5.
5.   Mshcúrhsh bh quh lmym mfcuahi shitmbg hi
hf msahitg bhf nmrrhtaffhrg.
3.   ^atúh fm ffmvh bh ngitmntg hi fm pgsanaþi bh
hinhi- babg (GI) phrgIG mrrmiquh fm nmrrhtaffm.
<.   ^hfhnnagih Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf shisgr bh
dmrnlm fhitm hi hf dhiú Rhstdmi y sacm fms
aistrun- nagihs bh fm pmitmffm.
1.   Xim vhz ngdpfhtmbm fm nmfa`rmnaþi, ngfgquh
hf aithrruptgr bh hinhibabg hi fm pgsanaþi bh
mpm- cmbg (GEE)  y bhsngihnth hf grbhimbgr
pgrtítaf bhf ngihntgr bh bamciþstangs bh fm
ngisgfm fmthrmf.
0<
=>;; ^PD
=288
NMFA@PMNAÞI BHF HD@PMCXH
Bhsnrapnaþi
Fm RNX sh prgcrmdm pmrm ffhimr rípabmdhith hf hd-
 jhnaþi bh fgs basngs y pmrm su`ar sþfg hitginhs dís fm
prhsaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bhitrg bh ui phrägbg bh
tahdpg
bhthrdaimbg lmstm quh sh lmym fgcrmbg hf hicrmimbg
tgtmf.
Numibg sh nmd`am m uim dmrnlm dís fmrcm, hf hd-
prhsaþi hi hf dasdg dgdhitg hi quh hf hd`rmcuh
quh tahih quh hicrmimrsh hdpahzm su hehntg bh su-
 jhnaþi. Burmith ui ngrtg phrägbg bh tahdpg
md`gs hd`rmcuhs hstmríi pmrnamfdhith
hicrmimbgs. Hstg gerhnh fm pgsa`afabmb bh su`ar uim
dmrnlm ngi sumva- bmb ngi trmnnaþi aithcrmf.
Numibg fgs pfmtgs bhf hd`rmcuh sh bhscmsthi
sh lmríi fachrmdhith dís eaigs. Hstg adpfanm
quh hf pastþi bhf hd`rmcuh quh sh vm m hicrmimr
thibrí ui
bhspfmzmdahitg dmygr
m sujhtmr fgs basngs. Hf lmstm quh hfquh
hd`rmcuh pastþi hdpahnh
sh fa`hrm hd-
phzmräm m pmtaimr bhdmsambg prgitg. Fm trmisdasaþi
ym ig lmräm fgs nmd`ags ngi sumvabmb.
Fm RNX tahih ui prgcrmdm bh nmfa`rmnaþi pmrm rhm-
 justmr hf tahdpg bh ffhimbg bhf hd`rmcuh y fm prhsaþi
pmrm ffhcmr mf hicrmimbg tgtmf. Hf tahdpg bh ffhimbg
bhf hd`rmcuh vahih bhthrdaimbg pgr hf tahdpg trmi-
snurrabg hitrh hf aianag bhf ffhimbg bhf hd`rmcuh y hf
dgdhitg hi quh hf shisgr bh vhfgnabmb bh fm tur`aim
bhthntm ui nmd`ag bh vhfgnabmb (bhthnnaþi bh ngi-
tmntg) Hf tahdpg pmrm ffhcmr m ui hicrmimbg tgtmf
 vahih bhthrdaimbg pgr hf tahdpg trmisnurrabg hitrh
 =>;; ^PD =288 [ruh`m y n mfa`rmnaþi b h f m t
fm bhthnnaþi bh ngitmntg y hf hicrmimbg tgtmf bhf hd- rmisdasaþi Z E
`rmcuh.
Bhspuás bh nmbm nmd`ag bh mnhath (0;;; lgrms) sh
rhngdahibm hjhnutmr hf prgcrmdm bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf
hd`rmcuh. Hf prgcrmdm bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh
bh`h aianamrsh bhspuás bh fm aistmfmnaþi aianamf bh
fm trmisdasaþi, numibg sh sustatuym fm trmisdasaþi,
numibg sh sustatuym fm vífvufm bh ngitrgf labríufanm g
numibg sh sustatuym fm RNX.
Burmith fm nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh, fm pmitmffm bh fm
nmrrhtaffm g hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi myubmríi mf tán- iang
bh shrvanag pgr dhbag bh dhismjhs quh fh aiegr- dmríi
sg`rh quá mnnagihs hs ihnhsmrag hjhnutmr g sg-
`rh hf pmsg hi hf quh sh hinuhitrm hf prgnhsg bh nmfa-
`rmnaþi.

03
[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf
hd`rmcuh
IGRM: [mrm fm nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh, sh puhbh
usmr g `ahi hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi g `ahi hf
sget- wmrh Rhstdmi, phrg iuinm uim ngd`aimnaþi
bh fgs bgs. ^a hstí ngihntmbg hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi, hf
aithr- ruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi IG [XHBH utafazmrsh
pmrm fm
nmfa`rmnaþi. Fm pmitmffm ig dgstrmrí aiegrdmnaþi bh
nmfa`rmnaþi.
[mrm su`ar fm thdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh fm trmis-
dasaþi, lmcm euinagimr hf dgtgr dahitrms lmnh quh
sh nmfh hf ngivhrtabgr bh pmr bhf dgbg sacuahith:
[PHNMXNAÞI
 Miths bh rhmfazmr hstm pruh`m hstm`fhznm
ui phrädhtrg bh 8 d (=5.8 et)mfrhbhbgr bh fm
nmr- rhtaffm hfhvmbgrm sai `mrrhrms ia
g`stínufgs.
=.   Mpfaquh hf phbmf bhf erhig (ig hf phbmf bh dmrnlm
fhitm), bh dmihrm quh fm nmrrhtaffm quhbh aidgv-
afazmbm.
0.   Uhraeaquh quh fm pmfminm bh nmd`ags
/ DGIGRPGF® hstá hi DMPNLM
MBHFMIRH.
>.   ^hfhnnagih hf prgcrmdm bh trmnnaþi 0.
IGRM: Hf puitg dhbag bhf aibanmbgr bh thdphrmturm
bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi hs 38»N (=53»E).
2.   Lmcm euinagimr hf dgtgr m dhbag cms lmstm
quh fm thdphrmturm bhf mnhath shm mf dhigs bh
3=»N (=5;»E).
[rgnhbadahitg dmiumf bh nmfa`rmnaþi
bhf hd`rmcuh 
Numibg hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmis-
dasaþi hstí mntavmbg (`msnufmbg m fm pgsanaþi AIEH-
PAGP), fm FNB bhf pmihf bh aistrudhitgs hstmrí hi
dgbg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh fm trmisdasaþi.
Fm fuz bh mvasg bh fm trmisdasaþi sh hinhibhrí (GI)
y sh vasumfazmrí hf dgbg nuhitmlgrms. Hf dgbg
bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf pmquhth bh hd`rmcuh bh fm
trmis-
dasaþi bh fm FNB sh hinuhitrm hi "FNB" numibg hf
aithrruptgr bh shrvanag bh fm trmisdasaþi hstí mnta-
 vmbg y hf vmfgr bh P[D bhf dgtgr hstí
ngdprhibabg hitrh 3;;-1;; P[D (dgtgr m
rmfhitä). ^a lmy prh- shiths nþbacgs bh hrrgr
mntavgs, fm FNB sh bhspfmzmrí hitrh fgs nþbacgs bh
hrrgr y hf dgbg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bh fm trmisdasaþi.
UámshRm`fm 5.
=.   Mpmrquh fm nmrrhtaffm hi ui thrrhig m iavhf
ngi ui däiadg bh shpmrmnaþi bh 8 d (=5.8 et)
hitrh fm nmrrhtaffm y numfquahr g`jhtg.
0.   Mpfaquh hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg.
>.   Uhraeaquh quh fm pmfminm bh dmrnlm
mbh- fmith/dmrnlm mtrís hstí hi IHXRPM .
IGRM: Hf puitg dhbag bhf aibanmbgr bh thdphrmturm
bh mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi hs 38»N (=53»E).
2.   Mshcúrhsh bh quh fm thdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh fm
trmisdasaþi shm mf dhigs bh 3=»N (=5;»E).
8.   Mpmcuh (GEE) hf hinhibabg.
5.   @fgquhh fms ruhbms bh trmnnaþi.
3.   Mntavh hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi
(`msnufíi- bgfg m su pgsanaþi aiehragr) y
saáithshhi hf msahitg bhf nmrrhtaffhrg.
IGRM:   Bh`h mrrminmr fm nmrrhtaffm hfhvmbgrm. Ca-
rpmgisabngaþ isg fbmhd hinthi hbfa baig th(grir)u
psthg rm nbthav hmirníh ihbf apbrg nmh fbm- adahitg
bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm.
<.   Mrrmiquh hf dgtgr (bhjh bhf dgtgr m rmfhitä
(3;;- 1;; P[D) burmith hf prgnhsg bh
nmfa`rmnaþi).
1.   Mlgrm hstmrí mntavmbg hf dgbg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf
hd`rmcuh. Hf prgnhsg ngdpfhtg bh
nmfa`rmnaþi mutgdítanm burm mprgxadmbmdhith
bh > m 8 dai- utgs. Fm pmitmffm dgstrmrí
RN\\Q aibanmibg hi quá pmsg bhf prgnhsg bh
nmfa`rmnaþi igs hingi- trmdgs. Fm vhfgnabmb
bhf dgtgr phrdmihnhrí m rmfhitä burmith fm
nmfa`rmnaþi. UámshRm`fm 3.
IGRM: Ig aithreahrm ngi hf prgnhsg bh nmfa`rmnaþi. ^a
mntavm numfquahr ngitrgf g ngdpgihith, hf prgnhsg bh
nmfa`rmnaþi sh aithrrudparí miths bh eaimfazmr.
=;. Numibg sh lmym ngdpfhtmbg hf prgnhsg bh nmfa-
`rmnaþi, fm FNB dgstrmrí RN ^HR (RN rhmf-
azmbm).
==. Xim vhz ngdpfhtmbm fm nmfa`rmnaþi, ngfgquh hf ai-
thrruptgr bh hinhibabg hi fm pgsanaþi bh mpmcmbg
(GEE) y ngfgquh hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi hi
fm pgsanaþi bh bhsmntavmbg (gee) (`msnufh hf aithr-
ruptgr bh shrvanag m su pgsanaþi suphragr).
 =>;; ^PD =288 [ruh`m y n mfa`rmnaþi b h f m t
rmisdasaþi Z E
Rm`fm 5. Nþbacgs bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf nþbacg bh
hd`rmcuh
nmfa`rmnaþi bh hd`rmcuh.
RN\\Q 
 \\ Q    ^ACIAEANMBG BHF UMFGP
;= Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh =
;0 Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh 0
;> Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh >
;8 Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm
lmnam bhfmith
;5 Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh
dmrnlm mtrís
;3 Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi ngdpfhtm -
Nmfa`rmnaþi rhmfazmbm, fm
pmitmffm dgstrmrí hf dhismjh "RN
^HR" (RN rhmfazmbm)
;< Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi m`grtmbm - Nminhfmbm
;1 Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi m`grtmbm burmith hf
mjusth bhf hd`rmcuh =

=; Q    Nmfa`mrjmunsaþthi bmh`fg hrdtm`brm

bcuhrm 0ith hf
== Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi m`grtmbm burmith hf
mjusth bhf hd`rmcuh >
=> Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi m`grtmbm burmith hf mjusth
bhf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mbhfmith
=2 Q    Nmfa`rmnaþi m`grtmbm burmith hf mjusth
bhf hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mtrís
 \\ ;   Umfgr pgr bhehntg
 \\ =   Ngibanaþi bh emffg prhshith
 \\ 0   Fm pmfminm bh nmd`ags ig hstí hi Ihutrm
 /Ig lmy iaicuim shýmf bhf aithrruptgr bh
msahitg bh prhshinam bhf nmrrhtaffhrg
 \\ >   Erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg IG mpfanmbg
 \\ 2   Uhfgnabmb bh smfabm IG  4 ;
 \\ 8   Rhdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi
pgr bh`mjg bhf rmicg

IGRM:   Numibg hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi

sh ngfgnm hi fm pgsanaþi bh mntavmbg, fm FNB
dgstrmrí "RN\\Q" aibanmibg quh fm
nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd-
`rmcuh bh fm trmisdasaþi hstí mntavmbm.
•  "\\" dgstrmrí ui dhismjh NMI bhf
nþbacg bh nmf- a`rmnaþi bh hd`rmcuh prainapmf.
•  "Q" dgstrmrí ui dhismjh NMI bhf su`-

01
 Rm`fm 5. Nþbacgs bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf
hd`rmcuh (Ngitaiumnaþi)

RN\\Q 
 \\ 5   Rhdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh fm trmisdasaþi
pgr hinadm bhf rmicg

 \\P[D
3 brhmfi
  cdg htgsrp hpngaera nbmhb`gmjg bhf

IGRM:   Numibg hf aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi sh ngfgnm hi fm pgsanaþi bh mntavmbg, fm FNB dgstrmrí "R
`rmcuh bh fm trmisdasaþi hstí mntavmbm.
 "\\" dgstrmrí ui dhismjh NMI bhf nþbacg bh nmf- a`rmnaþi bh hd`rmcuh prainapmf.
 "Q" dgstrmrí ui dhismjh NMI bhf su`-nþbacg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bh hd`rmcuh.

Rm`fm 3. ^hnuhinam igrdmf bh nmfa`rmnaþi

bhf hd`rmcuh

Bhsnrapnaþi bhf vmfgrFhnturm bh fm pmitmffm

RN;5;
Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm mtrís
Hd`rmcuh bh dmrnlm lmnam bhfmith
Hd`rmcuh = Hd`rmcuh 0 Hd`rmcuh >
Nmfa`rmnaþi rhmfazmbm RN;8;

RN;=;
RN;0;
RN;>; RN^HR

[rgnhbadahitg bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf

hd`rmcuh Rhstdmi 

=.   Mpmrquh fm nmrrhtaffm hi ui thrrhig m iavhf ngi

ui däiadg bh shpmrmnaþi bh 8 d (=5.8 et) hitrh fm
nmrrhtaffm y numfquahr g`jhtg.
0.   Mpfaquh hf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg.
>.   Uhraeaquh quh fm pmfminm bh dmrnlm mbh-
fmith/dmrnlm mtrís hstí hi IHXRPM .
2.   Mshcúrhsh bh quh fm thdphrmturm bhf mnhath bh fm
trmisdasaþi shm mf dhigs bh 3=»N (=5;»E).
8.   Mpmcuh (GEE) hf hinhibabg
5.   @fgquhh fms ruhbms bh trmnnaþi.

>;
Rhstdmi
3.   Ngihnth ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf, ngi hf
sgetwmrh Rhstdmi nmrcmbg, mf ngihntgr bh
bamciþstangs satumbg hi fm ngisgfm fmthrmf.
UámshEacurm =5.
<.   Mshcúrhsh bh quh lmym mfcuahi shitmbg hi
hf msahitg bhf nmrrhtaffhrg.
1.   Mrrmiquh hf dgtgr, bhjh bhf dgtgr m rmfhitä
(3;;- 1;; P[D) burmith hf prgnhsg bh
nmfa`rmnaþi.
=;. ^hfhnnagih nmfa`rmnaþi bhf hd`rmcuh bh fm trmis-
dasaþi hi hf dhiú Rhstdmi y sacm fms aistrun-
nagihs bh fm pmitmffm.
Rhstdmi
BH^NPA[NAÞI
Hf sgetwmrh bh bamciþstangs ZE-Rhstdmi
hstí baspgia`fh pmrm rhmfazmr nþdgbmdhith
fm fgnmf- azmnaþi bh mvhräms bh bamciþstangs, hf
mjusth bh fgs
 vmfgrhs sgetwmrh y fm ngieacurmnaþi bh fm RNX.
Hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi prgpgrnagim cuäm bh dhiús
pmrm hf bamciþstang bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE. ^h puhbh
utafazmr pmrm aithrrgcmr m fms uiabmbhs bh ngitrgf
hfhntrþiang bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE y pmrm prgnhsmr
fuhcg numfquahr dhismjh bh hrrgr sacuahibg fms
suchrhinams bh fgnmf- azmnaþi bh mvhräms
prgpgrnagimbms.
Hf sasthdm Rhstdmi ngistm bh ui grbhimbgr pgrtítaf,
ui sgetwmrh bh bamciþstangs, ui nm`fh X^@ (`us shrah
uiavhrsmf), ui mbmptmbgr bh prgcrmdmnaþi y ui nm`fh
mbmptmbgr.
NGIH\AÞI
Aistmfh hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi hi hf grbhimbgr pgrtítaf
bh mnuhrbg ngi fms aistrunnagihs hitrhcmbms ngi ba-
nlg sgetwmrh Rhstdmi. Hf thxtg bh myubm ngitahih
tgbm fm aiegrdmnaþi ihnhsmram pmrm trm`mjmr ngi hf
sgetwmrh bh bamciþstangs y prgpgrnagim tmd`aái fms
grahitmnagihs ihnhsmrams.
Ngihnth hf nm`fh mbmptmbgr m fm nmrrhtaffm hfhvmbgrm.
Hf ngihntgr bh bamciþstangs bh fm nmrrhtaffm sh
hinuhi- trm hi fm ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim.
UámshEacurm
=5. Aianah hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi y hstm`fhznm fm ngdu-
ianmnaþi. Mshcúrhsh bh quh fm ffmvh bh ngitmntg
hstá hi fm pgsanaþi bh hinhibabg (GI).
=>;; ^P D =2 88
IGRM:   Ig aithreahrm ngi hf prgnhsg bh nmfa`rmnaþi.
^a mntavm numfquahr ngitrgf g ngdpgihith, hf prgnhsg
bh nmfa`rmnaþi sh aithrrudparí miths bh
eaimfazmr. Fm pmitmffm dgstrmrí nuíibg eaimfazm fm
nmfa`rmnaþi. Burmith fm nmfa`rmnaþi hf sgetwmrh
Rhstdmi puhbh dgstrmr dhismjhs bhf hstmbg bh
fm nmfa`rmnaþi g nþbacgs bh hrrgr.
==.  Xim vhz ngdpfhtmbm fm nmfa`rmnaþi, mpmcuh hf hi-
nhibabg y bhsngihnth hf grbhimbgr pgrtítaf
bhf
ngihntgr bh bamciþstangs satumbg hi fm ngisgfm
fmt- hrmf.
NGIEACXPMNAÞI BH FM NMPPHRAFFM
[mrm mntavmr hf prgcrmdm bh trmnnaþi ngrrhntg hi fm
RNX, hf ngitrgfmbgr sh ngieacurm mf eaimf bh fm fäihm
bh dgitmjh.
Fshm snugsiteatcuyrhm nga þsih brhp frmg
ncmrrmrdhtma ffm sRþNfgX h.s F imh RnhNsXmr alm
sya quh ngieacurmrfm ngi hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi,
usmibg hf dhiú bh ngieacurmnaþi bh fm nmrrhtaffm.
Numibg fgs bmtgs bh ngieacurmnaþi bh fm nmrrhtaffm ig
hstái baspgia`fhs hi fm RNX, mpmrhnhrí uim pmitmffm
bh mbvhrthinam bhf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi aibanmibg quh
sh lm phrbabg fm ngieacurmnaþi y quh hs ihnhsmrag rh-
mfazmr fm ngieacurmnaþi bh fm nmrrhtaffm. UámshEacurm
=3.
IGRM:  ^h m`rh fm pmitmffm bh ngieacurmnaþi bh fm
nmrrhtaffm ngi fgs nmdpgs pgr bhehntg y ig rhnuphr-
mrí dís aiegrdmnaþi bhf ngitrgfmbgr quh hf iúdhrg
bh shrah bh fm nmrrhtaffm y hf iúdhrg bh shrah bh fm
trmisdasaþi. Fgs vmfgrhs mfdmnhimbgs puhbhi
hi- ngitrmrsh hi hf dhiú bh aiegrdmnaþi bh fm
nmrrhtaffm.
[ufsh sgfmdhith 'MNH[RMP' hi fm
pmitmffm bh ngieacurmnaþi numibg sh
aistmfh ui iuhvg ngitrgfmbgr g numibg sh
rhprgcrmdh hf ngitrg- fmbgr. ^a sh mnhptm uim
ngieacurmnaþi aingrrhntm sh shfhnnagimrí ui
prgcrmdm bh trmnnaþi aingrrhntg g sh
phrbhrí fm ngieacurmnaþi bh fm RNX.
 =>;; ^P D =2 88
Ngieacurmnaþi
Hi hf dhiú bh ngieacurmnaþi bh fm nmrrhtaffm
hf- hvmbgrm, fgs nmdpgs Nþbacg bh Xiabmb,
Dgbhfg, Rmdmýg bh fms Puhbms, Gpnaþi bh
Ngitrgf Barhn- nagimf, Iúdhrg bh ^hrah bh fm
Nmrrhtaffm y Iúdhrg bh ^hrah bh fm Rrmisdasaþi sgi
nmdpgs g`facmtgrags. Burmith fm ngieacurmnaþi lmy
quh ngdpfhtmr tgbgs
fgs nmdpgs pmrm pgbhr mntavmr hf prgcrmdm bh trmn-
naþi ngrrhntg hi fm nmrrhtaffm.
Fm dmrnlm fhitm sh mntavm pgr bhehntg, phrg puhbh
shr bhslm`afatmbm m phtanaþi bhf nfahith.
Bhslm`afatmibg fm dmrnlm fhitm sh mntavmrí hf dgbg
bh bhshd`rmcuh hi hf ngitrgfmbgr.
 Eacurm =3. [mitmffm bh ngieacurmnaþi bhf
sgetwmrh Rhstdmi
>0
Rhstdmi
Fadatmnagihs
Hf sgetwmrh Rhstdmi gerhnh fm nmpmnabmb bh mjustmr
nahrtgs vmfgrhs díxadgs pgr bhehntg pmrm smtasemnhr
fgs rhquasatgs hsphnäeangs bhf nfahith. Fgs vmfgrhs bhf
ngitrgfmbgr sh puhbhi mjustmr bhitrg bh ui nahrtg
ud`rmf eajg.
F s vm f g r s p g r b h e h nt g p u
sge tw r h Rh t d m i u s m i b f m
hb h i j u s t m rs h g i f
p s t m ým b h f ad a t mn ag hs bhf dhiú bh
ngieacurmnaþi bh fm nmrrhtaffm hfhvmbgrm.
 UámshEacurm =<.
 Eacurm =<. [mitmffm bh fadatmnagihs bhf
sgetwmrh Rhstdmi
 =>;; ^ PD = Bamcrmdms, h squhdms g b
288 aspgsanagihs
Hsphnaeanmnagihs hfántranms
Rrmisdasgrhs aibuntavgs (dgtgr, tur`aim h aithrdh-
bag): Pmicg bh euinagimdahitg - 0 Lz m 8;;; Lz
Phsasthinam - =;8; (½=;%) m 0;»N (5<»E) Rhisaþi bh mfadhitmnaþi - 02U 
Pmicg bh thdphrmturm - 2;»N ( 2;»E) m  Uífvufms prgpgrnagimfhs:
=8;»N (>;0»E) Phsasthinam - =1 (½ =;%) m 0;»N (5<»E)
Ngrrahith - =;; m 8;; dM 
^hisgr lmff (smfabm):
Pmicg bh thdphrmturm - 2;»N ( 2;»E) m Pmicg bh prhsaþi - ;.< m <.> `mr (==.5 m =0;.2 psa)
=8;»N
(>;0»E)

Bamcrmdms, hsquhdms g baspgsanagihs

 Fhyhibm bh fm eacurm =1

=. XIABMB BH NGIRPGF BH FM RPMI^DA^AÞI

(RNX)
0. ^HI^GP BH UHFGNABMB BH ^MFABM
>. ^HI^GP BH UHFGNABMB AIRHPIM
2. ^HI^GP BH UHFGNABMB BH FM RXP@AIM
8. ^HI^GP BH UHFGNABMB BHF DGRGP
5. UÍFUXFM BH NGIRPGF BH FM RPMI^DA^AÞI
3. N^HGI^UGHPR BABHG RPH BDH[ [HMPPMRXPM BHF
<. [MFMINM BH NMD@AG
1. [HBMF DGIGRPGF® (G[NAGIMF)
=;. [HBMF BH DMPNLM FHIRM
==. NGIHNRGP BH BAMCIÞ^RANG^ ZE
=0. NGIHNRGP BH [MIRMFFM ZE
=>. AIRHPPX[RGP BH NMFA@PMNAÞI
  Eacurm =1. Bamcrmdm bh nm`fhmbg bh fm uiabmb bh ngitrgf bh fm trmisdasaþi

>2
=>;; ^ PD = Bamcrmdms, h squhdms g b
288 aspgsanagihs

 Eacurm 0;. Dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim (Lgjm = bh 0)

  Eacurm 0;. Dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim (Lgjm 0 bh 0)

>5
 =>;; ^ PD = Bamcrmdms, h squhdms g b
288 aspgsanagihs
 Fhyhibm bh fm eacurm 0;

Iº bh Ngihntgr Bhsnrapnaþi Eacurm bhf ngihntgr

mrtänufg

=   N[^=2> Ngitrgfmbgr bh fm trmisdasaþi   Eacurm 0=

0   NP[<= Phpgsm`rmzgs   Eacurm 00
>   NP[;3 ^hýmfhs bh nm`aim   Eacurm 0>
2   NP[;5 Mfadhitmnaþi Nm`aim   Eacurm 02
8   N[^08 Aithrruptgr bh bamciþstang   Eacurm 08
5   N[^=1 Ngihntgr bh bamciþstang   Eacurm 05
3   N[^>> [mrth aiehragr bhf pasg bh fm   Eacurm 03
nm`aim  
<   N[^03 Aithrruptgr bh nmfa`rmnaþi Eacurm 0<
1   N[^05 Aithrruptgr ^hrvanag   Eacurm 01

 Eacurm 0=. Ngihntgr bhf ngitrgfmbgr bh fm  Eacurm 00. Ngihntgr bhf rhpgsm`rmzgs,
trmisdasaþi, N[^=2> bhf dmzg bh nm`fhs bh fm NP[<= bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm ngisgfm
ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim.
  Eacurm 0>. Ngihntgr bh shýmfhs bh fm
nm`aim, NP[;3 bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm
ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim.   Ebahcfu dr m z0g8 .b Ahi ntmhr`rfuhsp btghr f
bmh n bgiamscgifmþ sftmatnhgrsm, fN b[h^ f0m8
nm`aim

 Eacurm 02. Ngihntgr bh mfadhitmnaþi bh fm

nm`aim, NP[;5 bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm
ngisgfm fmthrmf bh fm nm`aim.
 Eacurm 05. Ngihntgr bh bamciþstangs N[^=1
bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm ngisgfm fmthrmf

><
 =>;; ^ PD = Nþbacgs b h e mffg b h f m t
288 rmisdasaþi Z E

 Eacurm 01. Ngihntgr bhf aithrruptgr bh shrvanag,

N[^05 bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm ngisgfm
fmthrmf.
 Eacurm 03. Ngihntgr bh fm pmrth aiehragr bhf
 pasg, N[^>> bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh fm ngisgfm
fmthrmf.

 Eacurm 0<. Ngihntgr bhf aithrruptgr bh

nmfa`rmnaþi, N[^03 bhf dmzg bh nm`fhmbg bh
fm ngisgfm fmthrmf.
 Nþbacgs bh emffg bh fm trmisdasaþi ZE
NÞBACG^ BH [MPÍDHRPG
^G@PH[M^MBG BH FM RPMI^DA^AÞI
Nþbacg bh emffg Hxpfanmnaþi
vasumfazmbg
RhWii  
bIhsgp uháis ibhu htrimn,h
hihsbphrr fmi mbfga dm
hihtumtnraþmi g hi nmsg bh
emffg crmvh.
tngfb   Fm thdphrmturm bh fm trmisdasaþi
hs aiehragr m -=;»N (=2»E) y fgs
hicrmimjhs ig sh mngpfmríi.
tHP[d   Mbvhrthinam bh vhfgnabmb bh dgtgr
hfhvmbm.
tH=;=   Fm vhfgnabmb bhf vhlänufg hs bhdmsambg
mftm pmrm rhmfazmr hf nmd`ag bh
barhnnaþi sgfanatmbg.
tH0;=   Fm vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr hs bhdmsambg
mftm pmrm rhmfazmr hf nmd`ag bh barhnnaþi
g rhmngpfmdahitg sgfanatmbg.
tH>;;   Fm fadatmnaþi bh vhfgnabmb rhbunabm
bhf vhlänufg hstí mntavm.
tH>;=   Fm fadatmnaþi bh vhfgnabmb rhbunabm hstí
mntavm, phrg fm vhfgnabmb bhf vhlänufg hstí
pgr hinadm bhf fädath bh vhfgnabmb.
tH>;0   Fm vhfgnabmb bhf vhlänufg hstí pgr
hinadm bhf fädath bh vhfgnabmb
díxadm bhf vhlänufg.
tH5;;   Hf nmrrhtaffhrg ig hstí shitmbg y fm
pmfminm bh nmd`ags IG hstí satumbm
hi pgsanaþi Ihutrm y/g hf erhig bh
hstmnagimdahitg IG hstí mpfanmbg.
tH2;;   ^h bhthntm uim mnhfhrmnaþi migrdmf.
tH2;=   ^h bhthntm uim mnhfhrmnaþi migrdmf.
2;
Mnnaþi bhf nmrrhtaffhrg
[fm rpm mfmngipnfm br hu inmd d`margnsl
m ,p dgsuanhavþmi pirhaduthrrmg y fuhcg
bh iuhvg m fm pgsanaþi E (dmrnlm
mbhfmith) g m fm pgsanaþi P (dmrnlm
mtrís).
 Mnnagih hf dgtgr lmstm quh fm mbvhrthinam
tngfb bhsmpmrhznm.
Fgs nmd`ags hitrh fm dmrnlm / barhnnaþi
rhmf burmith fm ngibunnaþi, hi ihutrm
sgfmdhith sh vasumfazmi sa ig sh
bhthntm iaicúi emffg.
Nhrnaþrhsh bh quh hf ngitrgfmbgr
lmym ngfgnmbg fm trmisdasaþi hi
 vhliähnutfgrm p. mrPmh bquzhn hmf fnmg
ivthrfgfnmabgmrb pbuhfbm nmd`amr fm
barhnnaþi.
@mjh fm vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr.
Nhrnaþrhsh.
Phbuznm fm vhfgnabmb bhf vhlänufg
pgr bh`mjg bh fm vhfgnabmb díxadm
bhf vhlänufg.
Phbuznm fm vhfgnabmb bhf vhlänufg
pgr bh`mjg bh fm vhfgnabmb díxadm
bhf vhlänufg.
Ngfgquh fm pmfminm bh nmd`ags hi fm
pgsanaþi ihutrm y/g mpfaquh hf erhig
bh hstmnagimdahitg.
Xim g md`ms ruhbms bh trmnnaþi
bhrrmpmi. Hf nmd`ag mutgdítang hstí
bhslm`afatmbg. Mjusth hf hseuhrzg bh
erhimbg m fms ngibanagihs bhf pasg.
Xim g md`ms ruhbms bh trmnnaþi pmtaimi.
Hf nmd`ag mutgdítang hstí bhslm`afatmbg.
 Mpfaquh hf mnhfhrmbgr bh mnuhrbg ngi
fms ngibanagihs bh trmnnaþi.
 =>;; ^ PD = Nþbacgs b h e mffg b h f m t
288 rmisdasaþi Z E

Nþbacg bh emffg Hxpfanmnaþi Mnnaþi bhf nmrrhtaffhrg

vasumfazmbg
tH8;= Hs ihnhsmrag rhnmfa`rmr fm trmisdasaþi.
Ngitmnth ngi dmithiadahitg pmrm quh nmfa`rhi bh iuhvg fm trmisdasa
Phbuznm fm vhfgnabmb bhf vhlänufg. Hf ngitrgfmbgr lm rhbunabg fm vhfg
tH3;= Fm
  vhfgnabmb bh fm tur`aim hxnhbh bhf fädath.

bhf dgtgr m rmfhitä.

NÞBACG^ BH EMFFG BHF ^GERSMPH
RH^RDMI
Nþbacg bh emffg vasumfazmbg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
t;=;;
þcang ngi shýmf bh shfhnnaþi
  barhnnagimf pmrm fm pgsanaþi
Fm RNX
bh nmd`am
fm pmfminm
fm trmisdasaþi
bh nmd`agsmbh
ihutrm
>ª vhfgnabmb.
sa hf shfhntgr hstí mntavmbg
Hrrgr fþcang ngi fm shýmf bh rmicg bh vhfgnabmb.
Hrrgr fþcang ngi fm shýmf bh shfhnnaþi bh barhnnaþi.
t;=;=   Fm RNX nmd`am fm trmisdasaþi m ihutrm.

t;=;0   Fm RNX nmd`am fm trmisdasaþi m ihutrm.

t;=;>   Hrrgr fþcang ngi hf baspgsatavg bh Bhspuás bh shfhnnagimr ihutrm, fm

rhbunnaþi bh pgthinam bhf dgtgr
t;=;2   Hrrgr fþcang ngi hstmbg bh erhig
bh hstmnagimdahitg
t;=;8   Hrrgr fþcang ngi fm shýmf bh shfhnnaþi
bh barhnnaþi hi pgsanaþi bh fm pmfminm
bh nmd`ags bh 0ª vhfgnabmb.
t;=;5   Hrrgr fþcang hi ngihxaþi bhf ír`gf.
t;=;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm hi euinaþi
hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº =
t;=;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh fm `mthräm hi
euinaþi hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº =
t;=;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg hi euinaþi hsphnäeanm
bhf nfahith iº =
t;==;   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm hi euinaþi
hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 0.
t;===   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh fm `mthräm hi
euinaþi hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 0.
t;==0   Narnuatg m`ahrtg hi euinaþi hsphnäeanm
bhf nfahith iº 0.
t;==>   Ngrtgnarnuatg
hsphnäeanmm bhftahrrm hi euinaþi
nfahith iº >
RNX nmd`am m dgbgbhcrmbmbg bh
hdhrchinam (Fadp Lgdh).
Fm RNX nmd`am fm trmisdasaþi
m Hstmbg BNG.
Fm RNX nmd`am fm trmisdasaþi m ihutrm
sa hf shfhntgr hstí mntavmbg.
Hf dgbg gphrmtavg sacuh
igrdmf.
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi
hsphnäeang bhfbhnfahith
fm RNX,
 Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t;==2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m Iaicuim
thisaþi bhrhmnnaþi
fm `mthräm
bh hi
fm RNX, hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
euinaþi hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith
Iaicuim rhmnnaþiiºbh
>. fm RNX, hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t;==8   Narnuatg m`ahrtg hi euinaþi hsphnäeanm
bhf nfahith iº >. Euinaþi aithrrupnaþi bh hd`rmcuh
/ dmrnlm fhitm bhslm`afatmbm.
t;0;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi
hitrmbm bhf phbmf bh aithrrupnaþi bhf
Euinaþi aithrrupnaþi bh hd`rmcuh
hd`rmcuh / phbmf bh dmrnlm fhitm. / dmrnlm fhitm bhslm`afatmbm.
t;0;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm g Narnuatg m`ahrtg
ngi hitrmbm bhf phbmf bh aithrrupnaþi
^h vh mehntmbm fm euinaþi bhf rhtmrbmbgr.
bh hd`rmcuh / dmrnlm fhitm
t;0;>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi ^h vh mehntmbm fm euinaþi bhf rhtmrbmbgr.
hitrmbm bhf shisgr bh nmrcm.
t;0;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm g narnuatg m`ahrtg
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
ngi hitrmbm bhf shisgr bh nmrcm.
t;0;8   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm g
narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bhf shisgr bh
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
thdphrmturm bhf nmrthr bh fm trmisdasaþi.
t;0;5   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hitrmbm
bhf shisgr bh thdphrmturm bhf nmrthr
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
bh fm trmisdasaþi.
t;0;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
g narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bhf
shisgr bh thdphrmturm bhf rhtmrbmbgr
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
 / ngivhrtabgr bh pmr.
t;0;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hitrmbm bhf
shisgr bh thdphrmturm bhf rhtmrbmbgr
Fm RNX utafazm hf vmfgr pgr bhehntg.
 / ngivhrtabgr bh pmr.
t;0;1   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm g
narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bhf shisgr
Fm RNX utafazm hf vmfgr pgr bhehntg.
bhf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg.
t;0=;   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm, hitrmbm bhf shisgr Burmith hf dgbg bh dmrnlm fhitm,
bhf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg. fm RNX nmd`am m ihutrm.
t;0==   Emftm bh ngainabhinam bh fm shýmf bhf
Fm RNX utafazm hf vmfgr pgr bhehntg.
shisgr bh dmrnlm fhitm
t;0=0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
g narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bhf
baspgsatavg bhf tm`fhrg bh aistrudhitgs
Fm RNX utafazm hf vmfgr pgr bhehntg.
bh Mjusth bh Rrmnnaþi BFD.
t;0=>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm, hitrmbm bhf
baspgsatavg bhf tm`fhrg bh aistrudhitgs
bh Mjusth bh Rrmnnaþi BFD.

20
 =>;; ^ PD =
288
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi
vasumfazmbg
t;0=2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm g
narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bhf ^hisgr
bh Íicufg bh fm Barhnnaþi BFD.
t;0=8   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm, hitrmbm bhf ^hisgr
bh Íicufg bh Barhnnaþi BFD.
t;>;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
g narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bh
 vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr.
t;>;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hitrmbm
bh vhfgnabmb bhf dgtgr.
t;>;>   Hrrgr fþcang ngi hitrmbm bh vhfgnabmb
bhf dgtgr.
t;>;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
g narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bh
 vhfgnabmb bh fm tur`aim.
t;>;8   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hitrmbm bh
 vhfgnabmb bh fm tur`aim.
t;>;5   Hrrgr fþcang ngi hitrmbm bh vhfgnabmb
bh fm tur`aim.
t;>;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
g narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi shisgr bh
 vhfgnabmb aithrim
t;>;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hitrmbm
bh vhfgnabmb aithrim.
t;>;1   Hrrgr fþcang ngi hitrmbm bh
 vhfgnabmb aithrim.
t;>=;   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
g narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hitrmbm bh
 vhfgnabmb bh smfabm.
t;>==   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hitrmbm
bh vhfgnabmb bh smfabm.
t;>=0   Hrrgr fþcang ngi hitrmbm bh vhfgnabmb
bh smfabm.
t;>=8   Fm vhfgnabmb bh smfabm nhrg ig
sh ngrrhspgibh ngi gtrms shýmfhs
bh vhfgnabmb.
t;2;;   Hf dhismjh ENMI ^hfhnnaþi bh
Cmdm bh Uhfgnabmb (ZEW>WABHIR)
ngitahih bmtgs aivífabgs.
Nþbacgs b h e mffg b h f m t
rmisdasaþi Z E
Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
Fm RNX utafazm hf vmfgr pgr
bhehntg.
Fm RNX utafazm hf vmfgr pgr
bhehntg.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg hsphnamf pmrm
shfhnnaþi bh dmrnlm.
Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg hsphnamf pmrm
shfhnnaþi bh dmrnlm.
Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg hsphnamf pmrm
shfhnnaþi bh dmrnlm.
Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg hsphnamf pmrm
shfhnnaþi bh dmrnlm.
Hf rmicg bh vhfgnabmbhs hstí
mjustmbg bh =ª m 8ª
 Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t;2;=   Fm RNX rhna`h dhismjhs bh ^hfhnnaþi Fm RNX acigrm fms þrbhihs ESB
bh Cmdm bh Uhfgnabmb (ZEW>WABHIR) (dmrnlm mbhfmith).
y bh Hstmbg bh Puhbm bh Rrmnnaþi
Bhfmithrm (UWABHIRWESB) muiquh
fm ngieacurmnaþi hstm`fhnh quh hf
ngitrgfmbgr bh dmrnlm mbhfmith
ESB ig hstí aistmfmbg.
t;8;;   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm EDP= Fm RNX euinagim ngdg sa hf erhig
pgr ngdprhsaþi hstuvahrm
bhsmntavmbg
y ngdg sa hf erhig bh hsnmph
hstuvahrm bhsmntavmbg.
t;8;=   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm EDP0 Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;8;0   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm HM Dþbufg Fm RNX nmd`am m ihutrm y utafazm hf
= shfhntgr bh dmrnlms sustatutgrag.
t;8;0   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm ^^D= Fm RNX nahrrm hf erhigbh
hstmnagimdahitg sa fm vhfgnabmb bh
t;8;0   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm m ;.8 od/l.
bhf  MH@ mprgx. sa hstí mntavg.
aistrudhitg
t;8;>   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm M@^   Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
Fm RNX dmitahih
t;8;2   fm aiegrdmnaþi
Mcgtmbg tahdpgmithragr bh DBX=
bh hsphrm nmd`ag mutgdítang m vhfgnabmb dís
`mjm y fm aiegrdmnaþi mithragr bh nmd`ag dmiumf m vhfgnabmb dís `mjm
Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg gphrmtavg
Igrdmf.
t;8;2   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm BNR=
Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg gphrmtavg
t;8;8   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm BI^=
Igrdmf.
t;8;8   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm ^NR= Fm RNX dmitahih fm shfhnnaþi mutg/dmi
mithragr, fm shfhnnaþi bh aithrrupnaþi
t;8;8   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm EFN= bh hd`rmcuh mithragr y hf mjusth bh
aithrrupnaþi bh hd`rmcuh mithragr.
t;8;8   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm J^^ Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm dahitrms hstí
mntavm fm barhnnaþi bh jgystano.
t;8;8   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm bh hstmbgs bh Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
fm ruhbm bh trmnnaþi bhfmithrm
t;8;5   NGIE DGRGP, tahdpg bh hsphrm Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
mcgtmbg. hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;8;3   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm HHN= Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.

22
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t;8;<   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm HHN> Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;8;1   ^hýmfhs ^gfanatub MH@ y [ruh`m bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg mntavmbms
(GI)  mf dasdg tahdpg.
t;8=;   ^hýmf bh hstmbg bhf erhig Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
bh
hstmnagimdahitg
t;8=0   ^hýmf bh nmd`ag mutgdítang m ^h dmitahih fm úftadm shfhnnaþi
 vhfgnabmb dís `mjm
t;8=>   ^hýmf bh nmd`ag dmiumf m vhfgnabmb ^h dmitahih fm úftadm shfhnnaþi
dís `mjm
t;8=2   ^hýmf bh sgfanatub NNG ^h dmitahih fm úftadm shfhnnaþi
t;8=8   ^hýmf bh fm pmfminm bh nmd`ags Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm y utafazm
fm aiegrdmnaþi bh fm pmfminm bh
nmd`ags sustatutgram.
t;8=8   ^hýmf bh sgfanatub bh ihutrm bh Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg gphrmtavg
fm trmisdasaþi
Igrdmf.
t;8=8   Hf dhismjh nmi Hstmbg bh Puhbm bh
Rrmnnaþi Bhfmithrm (UWABHIRWESB) Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
ngitahih bmtgs aivífabgs.
t;5;;   ^hýmf bh hstmbg bhf erhig mbanagimf   Iaicuim
rhmnnaþi. t;5;=   ^hýmf bh sgfanatub MH@  
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi. t;5;0   ^hýmf bh pmr bh fm [RG  
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi. t;5;>   ^hýmf bh dgbg bh trmnnaþi
  Iaicuim rhmnnaþi. t;5;2
^hýmf bh dmrnlm bh mrrmiquh   Iaicuim
rhmnnaþi.
t;5;8   ^hýmf bh pmr bhf dgtgr Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;5;1   ^hýmf bh pmr bh rhehrhinam bhf dgtgr Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;5=;   ^hýmf bh pmr rhmf bhf dgtgr. Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;5==   ^hýmf bh pmr sai erannaþi Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t;5=2   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm HHN0   Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
t;3;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
ngi hd`rmcuh O=.
t;3;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh O=. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;3;>   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hd`rmcuh O=. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;3;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm
ngi hd`rmcuh O0. Fm RNX nmd`am m  Ihutrm.
Nþbacgs b h e mffg b h f m t rmisdasaþi =>;; ^ PD =
Z E 288
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t;3;8   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
O0.
t;3;5   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hd`rmcuh O0. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;3;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
ngi hd`rmcuh O>.
t;3;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
O>.
t;3;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hd`rmcuh O>. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;3=;   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
hd`rmcuh bh ngivhrtabgr.
t;3==   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh ^gfhigabh bh hd`rmcuh bh `fgquhg bh
bh ngivhrtabgr ngivhrtabgr ngihntmbg hi MBDx.
t;3=0   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
hd`rmcuh bh
ngivhrtabgr
t;3=>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi baspgsatavg Fm rhbunnaþi bh pgthinam bhf dgtgr
bh rhbunnaþi bh pgthinam hstmrí mntavmbm lmstm quh sh mpmcuh
fm RNX, ainfusg sa bhsmpmrhnh hf
emffg (ngihxaþi efgjm)
t;3=2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
baspgsatavg bh rhbunnaþi bh pgthinam.
t;3=8   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi baspgsatavg bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
rhbunnaþi bh pgthinam bhf dgtgr.
t;<;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
ngi hd`rmcuh O2.
t;<;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
O2.
t;<;>   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hd`rmcuh O2. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;<;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
ngi hd`rmcuh OU.
t;<;8   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
OU.
t;<;5   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hd`rmcuh OU. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;<;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
ngi hd`rmcuh OP.
t;<;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hd`rmcuh Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
OP.
t;<;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hd`rmcuh OP. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t;<=;   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi smfabm Fm smfabm hstmrí mntavmbm lmstm quh sh
trmisvhrsmf BFD mpmcuh fm RNX, ainfusg sa bhsmpmrhnh
hf emffg (ngihxaþi efgjm)
t;<==   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
smfabm trmisvhrsmf BFD

25
=>;; ^ PD = Nþbacgs b h e mffg b h f m t
288 t;<=0   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi smfabm rmisdasaþi Z E rhmnnaþi.
Iaicuim
trmisvhrsmf BFD

28
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t;<=>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi smfabm bh Fm smfabm hstmrí mntavmbm lmstm quh sh
fídpmrm aibanmbgrm BFD mpmcuh fm RNX, ainfusg sa bhsmpmrhnh
hf emffg (ngihxaþi efgjm)
t;<=2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim
smfabm bh fídpmrm aibanmbgrm BFD
t;<=8   Narnuatg m`ahrtg, smfabm fídpmrm rhmnnaþi. Iaicuim
aibanmbgrm BFD
t;1;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi mfmrdm bh rhmnnaþi.
mbvhrthinam bh dmrnlm mtrís bhf rhfá.
Fm smfabm hstmrí mntavmbm lmstm quh sh
t;1;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi mpmcuh fm RNX, ainfusg sa bhsmpmrhnh
mfmrdm bh mbvhrthinam bh dmrnlm hf emffg (ngihxaþi efgjm)
mtrís bhf rhfá.
Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
t;1;>   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi mfmrdm bh
mbvhrthinam bh dmrnlm mtrís bhf rhfá.
t;1;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hinfmvmdahitg Iaicuim

rhmnnaþi. Iaicuim

rhmnnaþi.

t;1;8   bhfNgrtgnarnuatg
dgtgr bh mrrmiquh bhf bh
rhfá.
m thisaþi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
`mthräm
ngi hinfmvmdahitg bhf dgtgr bh
mrrmiquh bhf rhfá.
t;1;5   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hinfmvmdahitg bhf Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
dgtgr bh mrrmiquh bhf rhfá.
t;1;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi sgfhigabh Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg Mpmcmbg.
bhf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg
t;1;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi hf Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg Mpmcmbg.
sgfhigabh bhf erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg
t;1;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hf sgfhigabh bhf Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg Mpmcmbg.
erhig bh hstmnagimdahitg
^ g hi g a b b h f h
t;1=;   N g rtg n a r n at g m t a h rr m bh f n g i v hr ta b g r
h d ` r m c uh b h ` f g q u h
ng i h f s g f i g h b h d ` r m c u h bh
g b h f n g i v h r tabg r . ng i h n t m b g m
` fg q uh g
M B D x :
fm RNX bhsngihntm U[^0.
t;1==   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi sgfhigabh bh Hd`rmcuh bh ngivhrtabgr sahdprh
hd`rmcuh bh `fgquhg bh ngivhrtabgr m`ahrtg, rhtmrbmbgr ig baspgia`fh
t;1=0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
`mthräm ngi hf sgfhigabh bh
hd`rmcuh bh
`fgquhg bhf ngivhrtabgr.
t;1=>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi sgfhigabh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
bh rhtmrbmbgr.
t;1=2   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi sgfhigabh bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
rhtmrbmbgr.

t;1=8   Ngrtgnasrgnfuhaitga mb ht hbihs raþhitm Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.

brbh m`bmgtrh.räm ngi
Nþbacgs b h e mffg b h f m t rmisdasaþi =>;; ^ PD =
Z E 288
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t=;;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi sgfhigabh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
bh ngihxaþi bhf ír`gf g bh `fgquhg
bhf baehrhinamf
t=;;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
sgfhiga`bfhg qbuh ng bihfx abþaieh brhif
níarm`f gf g bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
t=;;>   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi sgfhigabh bh
ngihxaþi Iaicuim
bhf ír`gf g bh `fgquhg bhf baehrhinamf
t=;;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi smfabm bh rhmnnaþi. Iaicuim
shýmf bh mbvhrthinam
t=;;8   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi smfabm bh shýmf rhmnnaþi. Iaicuim
bh mbvhrthinam
t=;;5   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi rhmnnaþi.
smfabm bh shýmf bh mbvhrthinam
t=;;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi euinaþi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 2 hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi
euinaþi hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 2. hsphnäeang bhf bh fm RNX,
nfahith
t=;;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi euinaþi hsphnäeanm Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
bhf nfahith iº 2. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;=;   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi euinaþi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 8. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;==   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
euinaþi hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 8. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;=0   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi euinaþi hsphnäeanm Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
bhf nfahith iº 8. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;=>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi euinaþi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 5. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;=2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
euinaþi hsphnäeanm bhf nfahith iº 5. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t=;=8   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi euinaþi hsphnäeanm Iaicuim rhmnnaþi bh fm RNX,
bhf nfahith iº 5. hsphnäeang bhf nfahith
t==;=   [mtaimjh hi hd`rmcuh O=. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t==;0   [mtaimjh hi hd`rmcuh O0. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t==;>   [mtaimjh hi hd`rmcuh O>. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t==;2   [mtaimjh hi hd`rmcuh O2. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t==;8   [mtaimjh hi hd`rmcuh OU. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t==;5   [mtaimjh hi hd`rmcuh OP. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.

tlgt^   Rhdphrmturm hxnhsavm nmrthr Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.

t==;<   Rhdphrmturm hxnhsavm rhtmrbmbgr   Fm RNX bhslm`afatm hf rhtmrbmbgr

2<
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t==;1   Uhfgnabmb hxnhsavm bhf dgtgr. ^h mpfanm hf rhtmrbmbgr sa hstí
ngieacurmbg.
t===;   Eaftrg bh mnhath bh prhsaþi baehrhinamf.   Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
t====   [mtaimjh hi hf hd`rmcuh bh Hf hd`rmcuh bh `fgquhg sh bhsmntavm
`fgquhg aidhbamtmdhith. Bhspuás bh vasumfazmr
bhf ngivhrtabgr. hf nþbacg bh emffg dahitrms fm trmisdasaþi
hstá hi Ihutrm hf hd`rmcuh bh `fgquhg
sh lm`afatmrí bh iuhvg.
t===0   Uhfgnabmb bh smfabm hxnhsavm   Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
t===>   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi sgfhigabh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
bhf erhig bhf dgtgr
t===2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
hf sgfhigabh bhf erhig bhf dgtgr
t===8   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hf Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
sgfhigabh bhf erhig bhf
dgtgr
t=0;;   ^g`rhnmrcm bhf pmr bhf dgtgr g bh Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg gphrmtavg
fm pgthinam bhf dgtgr Igrdmf.
t=0;=   ^g`rhnmrcm bhf pmr bh smfabm Fm RNX hitrm hi dgbg gphrmtavg
bh fm trmisdasaþi Igrdmf.
tlgtn   Rhdphrmturm hxnhsavm bh fm Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
smfabm bhf ngivhrtabgr
t=0;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi hf aibanmbgr Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
bh hstmbg bhf jgystano
t=0;8   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
hf aibanmbgr bh hstmbg bhf jgystano
t=0;5   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi hf aibanmbgr bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
hstmbg bhf jgystano
t=0;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi thdphrmturm Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
hxnhsavm bhf aibanmbgr bh ihutrm.
t=0;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
`mthräm ngi thdphrmturm hxnhsavm
bhf aibanmbgr bh ihutrm.
t=0;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
thdphrmturm hxnhsavm bhf
aibanmbgr bh ihutrm
t=0=;   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm bh Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
ngieacurmnaþi bhf rhtmrbmbgr bhf dgtgr hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t=0==   Mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm HPN= Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
t=>;=   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm mf Ngisufth fgs nþbacgs bh emffg t;0;=
mntavmr fm mfadhitmnaþi bh fgs shisgrhs m  t;0=0.
Nþbacg bh emffg Bhsnrapnaþi Phmnnaþi bh fm RNX
vasumfazmbg
t=>;0   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm mf mntavmr fm Ngisufth fgs nþbacgs bh emffg t;0;=
mfadhitmnaþi bh fgs shisgrhs m  t;0=0.
t=>;>   Rhisaþi `mjm hi fm `mthräm. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t=>;2   Rhisaþi mftm hi fm `mthräm. Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
t=>;8   Hrrgr hi fm mfadhitmnaþi bh fm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
 vífvufm U[^=.
t=>;5   Hrrgr hi fm mfadhitmnaþi bh fm Fm RNX nmd`am m Ihutrm.
 vífvufm U[^0.
Fm smfabm hstmrí mntavmbm lmstm quh sh
t=>;3   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi smfabm mpmcuh fm RNX, ainfusg sa bhsmpmrhnh
fgicatubaimf BFD hf emffg (ngihxaþi efgjm)
Iaicuim
t=>;<   Ngrtgnarnuatg m thisaþi bh `mthräm ngi
smfabm fgicatubaimf BFD
rhmnnaþi. Iaicuim
t=>;1   Narnuatg m`ahrtg ngi smfabm
fgicatubaimf BFD
rhmnnaþi.

t=2;>   Ngrtg nagrinu samtgfa bmm t hbih Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.

spaþmi tbmhf f`mmthräm
Iaicuim
t=2;2   Ngrtgnarnuatg m tahrrm ngi smfabm
bh pmitmffm rhmnnaþi.

t=2;8   BA^[AB=, mcgtmbg tahdpg bh hsphrm. Mjusth bh pmrídhtrgs bh shfhnnaþi

RNX ngi AB;
t=2;5   ^gfanatub AB afhcmf m trmvás bh NMI.   Fm trmisdasaþi phrdmihnhrí hi Ihutrm.
t=8;=   Emffg HH[PGD chihrmf.   Iaicuim rhmnnaþi.
t=8;0   Ngieacurmnaþi phrbabm.   Fm trmisdasaþi phrdmihnhrí hi Ihutrm.
t=8;0   Ngieacurmnaþi ESB Hf rmicg bh vhfgnabmbhs hstí
(dmrnlm mjustmbg bh =ª m 2ª.
mbhfmith) phrbabm.
t=8;>   Hrrgr bh mpfanmnaþi.   Fm trmisdasaþi phrdmihnhrí hi Ihutrm.
t=8;2   ^gfanatub bh dgbg bhcrmbmbg bh Nmd`ag m  ihutrm.
hdhrchinam (Fadp Lgdh)
t=8;8   Emffg bh hd`rmcuh   Fm trmisdasaþi phrdmihnhrí hi Ihutrm.
t=8;5   Bmtgs bh mjusth bhf hd`rmcuh phrbabgs  Umfgrhs pgr bhehntg 4 ; pmrm
g bmtgs bh nmfa`rmnaþi bhf phbmf bh bhspfmzmdahitgs MH@ utafazmbgs.
dmrnlm fhitm phrbabgs
t=8;3   Ngitrgf bh hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag Fm RNX nmd`am mf dgbg Ngitrgf bh
hd`rmcuh sustatutgrag.
 IGRM^
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8;
Bhpmrtmdhitg bh Bgnudhitmnaþi bh [ahzms y Msasthinam
=>;; ^PD =288 1/=0 (</=0)(2/==) Fatlg ai X ^ M