RJMOIAWAM VXOAW IH 7

Shmouat Vhrbhmak

DNH@

MAKA 5KJLVA@XRRA@KJ

MJK 510377187

SRDFJ 5SHMFJFJIAM LJWJIA F

FDWHM 5 Frs. @XLRJ, K.Wj

 EXRXWAM LJWJIA
LAIXNVAW KAVHKAVJIA FAM JNKX SHMOHVA@XAM ANAK
 XMJ\HRWJVAW MHOHRJ SAFAMO
2323

A. Shmouat thrbhmak

Xmtui khkphrdnh` phmouatam yamo tjfai thrnanu bhsar kaia fjpasamo ta`amam R H1  amtara

hkjtdr fhmoam iapasjtdr pjmtas. Vujuam phkasamoam RH  1  afana` umtui

khmfapatiam
 phmouatam yamo nhbj` stabjn fam umtui khmouramoj fjstdrsj. Shmouatam jmj bjasa fjshbut
 phmouat thrbhmak (swakphf akpnjljhr). Safa phmouat thrbhmak hkjtdr tjfai naoj pafa
ta`amam AG sh`jmooa hlhi thkphratur thr`afap phmouatam fapat fjphrihgjn.
Fhmoam khmakba`iam ta`amam RH  1 sjmyan farj hkjtdr khnhwatj ta`amam R H1 fam ih ordumf
khnanuj iapasjtdr pjmtas,shfamoiam arus FG farj hkjtdr khmoanjr khnanuj ta`amam R H1 fam RH  2.
Bhmtui  ramoiajam phmouat thrbhmak5

1. Amanjsjs FG Farj Shmouat Vhrbhmak

Fhmoam phmakba`am ta`amam R H1 amtara hkjtdr fhmoam iapasjtdr pjmtas khmyhbabiam arus
hkjtdr aiam bhruba`. Arus hkjtdr aiam khmoanjr khnanuj ta`amam R H1 fam R H2,shfamoiam
arus idnhitdr khmoanjr khnanuj ta`amam Rg. Khnanuj nddp ihnuaram fapat fjthmtuiam
phrsakaam thoamoam FG shsuaj fhmoam `uiuk ijrg`dll 5

\gg; Jg Rg + \gH + JH (RH  1 + RH  2) .......................................................................................(1)

Arus hkjtdr khmfhiatj arus idnhitdr iarhma laitdr phmouatam arus α bhrmjnaj shijtar satu.
Shrsakaam oarjs bhbam pafa ihnuaram fjbhrjiam 5

\gg−\gH
Jg ...............................................................................................................(2)
 Rg + ℞ 1 + ℞
;
2

Bhrfasariam phrsakaam oarjs bhbam fj atas,fhmoam phmakba`amam ta`amam R H1  pafa iaij
hkjtdr khyhbabiam arus idnhitdr bhriuramo. Vhoamoam amtara iaij hkjtdr fhmoa ordumf atau
\H fjthmtuiam dnh` phrsakaam 5

\H ; JH (RH  1 + RH  2) ................................................................................................................. (7)

Whfamoiam pafa nddp kasuiam phmouat juoa bhrnaiu `uiuk ijrg`dll thmtamo
thoamoam sukbhr \B. Iarhma amtara iaij basjs fam hkjtdr thrfapat thoamoam \ BH  fam amtara
iaij hkjtdr  fhmoam ordumf thrfapat thoamoam \ H sh`jmooa pafa nddp kasuiam bhrnaiu

\B ; JB RB  + JH (RH  1 + RH  2 ) + \BH  ....................................................................................(6)

Fanak idmfjsj ta`amam RB  tjfai thrnanu bhsar suiu phrtaka pafa phrsakaam (6)
fapat
fjabajiam thr`afap suiu yamo najm iarhma iuat arus J B bjasamya samoat ihgjn,sh`jmooa shgaa
 phmfhiatam thoamoam \B 5

\B ; JH (RH  1 + RH  2 ) + \BH ...........................................................................................................................................................................(8)

Fjsjsj najm phkbhrjam bjas pafa baojam kasuiam fjnaiuiam shmfjrj dnh` phmouat khnanuj
ramoiajam phkbaoj thoamoam amtara ta`amam RB  1 fam RB  2  pafa baojam kasuiam
fhmoam thoamoam sukbhr \gg 5

\B ;  RB 2
 RB 1+ RB 2 \gg.............................................................................................................(<)

Whfamoiam ta`amam phmooamtj amtara ta`amam RB  1 fam R B2 afana` 5

RB   ; RB  1// RB  2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................(7)

Khnanuj phmoaturam sana` satu ta`amam RB  1  atau RB  2  khmooumaiam pdthmsjdkhthr
fapat fjthmtuiam tjtji ihrja tramsjstdr bhrafa fjthmoa`-thmoa` oarjs bhbam.

2. Amanjsjs AG farj Shmouat Vhrbhmak

Arus AG aiam kufa` khmoanjr pafa iapasjtdr iarhma sjlat iapasjtdr fapat khnhwatiam arus
AG fam aiam khma`am arus FG. Fhmoam phmakba`am ta`amam R H1 amtara iaij hkjtdr fhmoam
iapasjtdr pjmtas khmyhbabiam sjmyan thrpaisa khnhwatj ta`amam R H1. Aijbatmya sjmyan
aiam khmoanjr khnhwatj ta`amam RH  1 fam iapasjtdr pjmtas GH ih ordumf.

Va`amam yamo khnjmtamo amtara iaij bash fhmoam ordumf fapat fjthmtuiam farj phrbamfjmoam
amtara thoamoam kasuiam fhmoam arus bash. Iarhma jtu ta`amam Rjt fapat fjtunjs 5

\j
Rjt   ; `jh + (1+β) RH  1 ...................................................................................................................................................................(0)
; jb

Fanak bhmtui najm ta`amam Rjt fapat fjtunjs 5

Rjt ; (1+β) Yrh + RH  1[ .......................................................................................................... (:)

Va`amam RB    pafa kasuiam phmouat thrsusum shgara paranhn fhmoam ta`amam Rjt
sh`jmooa jkphfamsj kasuiam farj phmouatam 5

Rj ; R B // Rjt   RBRJt 

; ..............................................................................................(13)
 RB
+ Rjt 

Shmouaam farj phmouat fjfapat farj phrbamfjmoam amtara thoamoam ihnuaram fhmoam thoamoam
kasuiam 5

\D  β Rd
Iv  ; - (11)
; \j  Rjt ......................................................................................................................

Vhoamoam ihnuaram fanak ihafaam thrbuia fjbhrjiam dnh` 5

\d ; Iv \j...................................................................................... (12)

Jkphfamsj ihnuaram farj phmouat thrbhmak fapt fjthmtuiam khnanuj ramoiajam phkbaoj arus
 pafa ihnuaram 5

1
 Rg
`dh
Rd ; 1
..........................................................................................................(17)

`dh + ℞ 1+ RG 

Fanak ihmyataam ta`apam 1/`dh jau` nhbj` bhsar farj phmjukna`am Rg fhmoam R H  sh`jmooa
((Rg + RH  ) fapat fjabajiam thr`afap 1/`dh. Fanak idmfjsj (Rg + R H) >> 1/`dh
kaia
jkphfamsj ihnuaram farj phmouat khmfhiatj ta`amam Rg.
 B. Shmouat fhmoam ELHV

Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr atau fjsjmoiat fhmoam LHV afana` idkpdmhm Hnhitrdmjia aitjl 
yamo khmooumaiam Khfam Njstrji umtui khmohmfanjiam Idmfuitjljtasmya. Ljhnf Hllhgt
Vramsjstdr (LHV) fanak ba`asa Jmfdmhsja fjshbut fhmoam Vramsjstdr Hlhi Khfam. Fjiataiam
Ljhnf Hllhgt atau Hlhi Khfam iarhma phmodphrasjam Vramsjstdr jhmjs jmj throamtumo pafa
thoamoam (khfam njstrji) yamo thrfapat pafa Jmput Ohrbamomya. LHV khrupaiam Idkpdmhm
Hnhitrdmjia yamo throdndmo fanak ihnuaroa Vramsjstdr yamo khkjnij Vjoa Vhrkjman Iaij
yajtu Oath (O), Frajm (F) fam Wdurgh (W).

Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr atau LHV khkjnjij lumosj yamo `akpjr saka fhmoam Vramsjstdr 
 bjpdnar pafa ukukmya. Shrbhfaammya afana` pafa phmohmfanjam arus Dutputmya. Arus
Dutput (JG) pafa Vramsjstdr Bjpdnar fjihmfanjiam dnh` arus Jmput (JB) shfamoiam Arus Dutput
(JF) pafa LHV fjihmfanjiam dnh` Vhoamoam Jmput (\ O) LHV. Eafj phrnu fjphr`atjiam ba`wa
 phrbhfaam yamo panjmo utaka amtara Vramsjstdr Bjpdnar (MSM & SMS) fhmoam Ljhnf Hllhgt

Vramsjstdr (LHV) afana` thrnhtai pafa phmohmfanjmya (Bjpdnar khmooumaiam Arus shfamoiam
LHV khmooumaiam Vhoamoam).

Fua idmljourasj fasar tramsjstdr hlhi khfam jumgtjdm

 ➦ M-g`ammhn ELHV
Wanuram M-g`ammhn ELHV fjfdpjmo fhmoam phmodtdr fdmdr bhrartj anjram arus khnanuj Wanuram
 Mhoatjl (M-g`ammhn) fanak bhmtui Hnhitrdm.
  ➦  S-g`ammhn ELHV
Wanuram S-g`ammhn ELHV fjfdpjmo fhmoam Jkpurjtjhs Aishptdr bhrartj anjram arus khnanuj
Wanuram Sdsjtjl (S-g`ammhn) fanak bhmtui nubamo .

rhm fMa`-g)` faamrmjhpna fELa HjhVm jks hskanjunrjiamj iSd myfamuoit sjvhjttaarsa ,s

ainaurrhamma yhanhmiot rndhbmj k` hbkhsjanjri (jR khsdjbsjtanjmtassj yamo nhbj`
tjmooj khnanuj idmfuitdr fjbamfjmoiam fhmoam nubamo. Khkbuat M-g`ammhn ELHV khmjafj
idmfuitdr yamo nhbj` hljsjhm fjbamfjmoiam fhmoam S-g`ammhn.

 M-g`ammhn ELHV Bjasjmo

SM-Eumgtjdm khkjnjij Bjas Banji yamo tjmooj pafa thrkjman Frajm fam Rhvhrsh Bjas yamo
nhbj` rhmfa` pafa thrkjman Wdurgh. Khmyhbabiam "Napjsam Fhpnhsj"  fjbhmtui
fanak Wanuram fam nhbarmya bhrtakba` fhmoam Bjas.

Arus yamo khmoanjr khnanuj sanuram amtara Frajm  fam Wdurgh fjihmfanj iam dnh` thoamoam
yamo fjthrapiam ih thrkjman Oath, yamo khrupaiam Bjas Banji. Fanak M-g`ammhn ELHV,
thoamoam Oath Mhoatjl   shfamoiam umtui S-g`ammhn ELHV, thoamoam Oath
Sdsjtjl.
Fjaorak phmakpamo khmumjuiiam Wanuram Vjph-M fhmoam fahra` Vjph-S yamo fjshbut
Ohrbamo yamo thrfjlusj ih fanak Wanuram Vjph-M yamo khkbhmtui suatu Shrsjkpamoam-SM
Bjas-Banji fam khkbhmtui fahra` Fhpnhsj shijtar arha Ohrbamo ihtjia tjfai afa thoamoam
histhrman yamo fjthrapiam. ELHV fjihman shbaoaj Shramoiat Kdfh Shmyusutam.

ELHVG`ammhnSjmg`hf-Dll 

Vampa thoamoam Ohrbamo histhrman (\O ; 3), fam thoamoam ihgjn (\FW) yamo fjthrapiam
amtara Frajm fam Wdurgh, Arus saturasj kaisjkuk (JFWW) aiam khmoanjr khnanuj
sanuram farj Wanuram ih Wukbhr yamo fjbatasj `amya dnh` fahra` phmjpjsam ihgjn
fj shijtar 
 phrsjkpamoam.
Ejia thoamoam Mhoatjl ihgjn (-\OW) fjthrapiam ih Ohrbamo uiuram wjnaya` phmjpjsam

kunaj khmjmoiat
khmoanjr khmouramoj
khnanujmya, shkagak ihshnuru`am arha hlhitjl sanuram fam khmouramoj arus yamo
hlhi „Shras‛ thrjafj.

Iarhma Bjas Vhrbanji, arus khmoanjr ih Ohrbamo. Ihtjia thoamoam Oath (-\OW) nhbj`

 Mhoatjl, nhbar sanuram khmurum sakpaj tjfai afa arus khmoanjr amtara Frajm fam Wukbhr fam
LHV fjiataiam "Vhrjhpjt-Dll" (wjnaya` Gut-Dll umtui BEV). Vhoamoam fj kama
sanuram khmutup fjshbut "Sjmg`-Dll \dntaoh" (\S).

Sjmg`-Dll,  thoamoam Ohrbamo, \OW khmodmtrdn arus sanuram fam \FW khkjnjij shfjijt
atau tampa hlhi. @asjnmya LHV bhrtjmfai nhbj` shphrtj rhsjstdr yamo fjidmtrdn thoamoam
yamo

khkjnjij Rhsjstamsj mdn ihtjia \OW ; 3 fam kaisjkuk "DM"  Rhsjstamgh (RFW)
ihtjia thoamoam Oath Mhoatjl. Dphrasj mdrkan, ohrbamo ELHV shnanu Bjas Mhoatjl Rhnatjl
thr`afap
sukbhrmya

Ehmjs-jhmjs Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr (LHV) fam Gara Ihrjamya

1. Eumgtjdm LHV (ELHV).

Gara Ihrja ELHV pafa prjmsjpmya shphrtj iram ajr yamo khmoatur anjram ajr pafa
pjpa. Hnhitrdm atau @dnh aiam khmoanjr farj Vhrkjman Wdurgh (W) ih Vhrkjman Frajm (F). Arus
pafa Dutputmya yajtu Arus Frajm (JF) aiam saka fhmoam Arus Jmputmya yajtu Arus Wdurgh
(JW). Srjmsjp ihrja thrshbut saka fhmoam prjmsjp ihrja shbua` pjpa ajr fj ruka` ijta fhmoam
asuksj
tjfai afa ihbdgdram pafa pjpa ajr ijta.

Bhsarmya arus njstrji throamtumo pafa tjmooj rhmfa`mya Vhoamoam yamo fjbhrjiam
pafa Vhrkjman Ohrbamomya (OAVH (O)). Lnuituasj Vhoamoam pafa Vhrkjman Oath (\
O) aiam khmyhbabiam phruba`am pafa arus njstrji yamo khnanuj sanuram J W  atau JF.
Lnuituasj yamo ihgjn fapat khmyhbabiam varjasj yamo guiup bhsar pafa arus anjram
phkbawa kuatam yamo khnanuj ELHV thrshbut. Fhmoam fhkjijam thrjafj phmouatam Vhoamoam
pafa shbua` ramoiajam Hnhitrdmjia.

Eumgtjdm LHV atau shrjmo fjsjmoiat fhmoam ELHV khkjnjij 2 tjph bhrfasariam tjph ba`am
shkjidmfuitdr yamo fjoumaiam pafa sanuram atau iamanmya. ELHV tjph M-G`ammhn (Iaman M)
thrbuat farj ba`am Whkjidmfuitdr tjph M fam S-G`ammhn (Iaman S) yamo thrbuat
farj Whkjidmfuitdr tjph S.
1.1. ELHV Iaman-M 

Bhrjiut fjbawa` jmj afana` oakbar struitur fasar ELHV jhmjs Iaman-M.

Wanuram atau Iaman pafa jhmjs jmj thrbhmtui farj ba`am shkjidmfuitdr tjph M fhmoam satu
ujumomya afana` Wdurgh (W) fam satumya naoj afana` Frajm (F). Kaydrjtas phkbawa kuatam
atau Garrjhrs pafa ELHV jhmjs Iaman-M jmj afana` Hnhitrdm.

BOBaothj aamt anuaj mO yhrabmaom oth rpbaufaat EfLaHrjV W hjhkmjjis dImfamuaint-dMr

tjjmpjh tShr fpjarfj af aELrjH bVa `Iaamm sahn-kMj ijmdjm fafuaintad`r btjapohj aSm. yamo
fjshbut fhmoam Wubtrath yajtu baojam yamo khkbhmtui batas fj sjsj sanuram bhrnawamam
Ohrbamo (O).

Vhoamoam pafa Vhrkjman Ohrbamo (O) khmo`asjniam khfam njstrji yamo khkphmoaru`j anjram
 pafa phkbawa kuatam yamo khnanuj sanuram thrshbut. Whkaijm Mhoatjlmya \O, shkaijm
shkpjt puna sanurammya yamo ai`jrmya khmoaijbatiam shkaijm ihgjn arus pafa dutputmya (JF).

1.2. ELHV Iaman-S 

Bhrjiut fjbawa` jmj afana` oakbar struitur fasar ELHV jhmjs Iaman-S.

Wanuram pafa ELHV jhmjs Iaman-S thrbuat farj Whkjidmfuitdr tjph S. Kaydrjtas phkbawa

Wkhukatjaimdmmyfau iatfdarn atj`p h@ Mdn.h. Baojam Oath atau Ohrbamo (O) fam Wubtrath-

mya thrbuat farj ba`am

Fj ELHV Iaman-S, shkaijm Sdsjtjlmya \ O, shkaijm shkpjt puna sanurammya yamo ai`jrmya
khmoaijbatiam shkaijm ihgjnmya arus pafa Dutput ELHV (JF).

Farj Wjkbdnmya, ijta fapat khmohta`uj kama yamo ELHV Iaman-M fam ELHV Iaman-S. Amai 
Sama` pafa sjkbdn ELHV Iaman-M afana` khmo`afap ih fanak shfamoiam amai pama` pafa
sjkbdn ELHV Iaman-S khmo`afap ihnuar.

Iaraithrjstji ELHV

S-g`ammhn Eumgtjdm Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr bhrdphrasj saka fhmoam M-g`ammhn, fhmoam
 phmohguanjam
  ➻  Arus sanuram pdsjtjl iarhma nubamo
  ➻  Sdnarjtas thoamoam bjas `arus fjbanji 
Iaraithrjstji Dutput ELHV M-g`ammhn (Ohrbamo `ubumoam sjmoiat ih Wukbhr).

Khmumjuiiam hkpat wjnaya` dphrasj bhrbhfa.

 ➻  Fahra` D`kjg
  - Ihtjia \OW ; 3 napjsam phmjpjsam sanuram samoat ihgjn fam ELHV bhrtjmfai shphrtj
Rhsjstdr yamo fjidmtrdn thoamoam.

 ➻  Gut-Dll Rhojdm

  - Fahra` Sjmg`-Dll afana` thoamoam Oath, \OW guiup umtui khmyhbabiam
ELHV bhrtjmfai ramoiajam thrbuia shbaoaj @akbatam Wanuram Kaisjkan.

 ➻  Waturasj atau _jnaya` Aitjl 

  - ELHV khmjafj idmfuitdr yamo baji fam fjihmfanjiam dnh` thoamoam
  Ohrbamo-Wukbhr, (\OW) shkhmtara thoamoam Wukbhr Shkbuamoam,
  (\FW) khkjnjij shfjijt atau tjfai afa hlhi.

 ➻  Brhaifdwm Rhojdm

  - Vhoamoam amtara Frajm fam Wdurgh, (\FW) guiup tjmooj
umtui khmyhbabiam Wanuram Rhsjstjvjtas ELHV khkhga`
  fam khnhwatiam arus kaisjkuk.

Iaraithrjstji Iurva S-g`ammhn saka, ihguanj JF arus Shkbuamoam bhriuramo

fhmoam khmjmoiatmya thoamoam Oath-Wdurgh Sdsjtjl, \OW.
Arus Frajm afana` mdn ihtjia \OW ; \S. Xmtui dphrasj mdrkan, \OW Bjas bhrafa amtara \S
fam 3. khmo`jtumo arus Frajm, JF umtui shtjap tjtji bjas fanak ihjhmu`am atau wjnaya` aitjl.

Frajm Gurrhmt pafa Agtjvh Rhojdm

 Mjnaj Arus Frajm aiam bhrafa fj amtara Mdn (Sjmg`-Dll) fam JFWW (arus kaisjkuk).

Khmohta`uj Frajm JF saat jmj fam thoamoam Frajm-Wdurgh \FW rhsjsthmsj sanuram (JF).

Frajm-Wdurgh G`ammhn Rhsjstamgh

ok  - "Ihumtumoam Vramsidmfuitamsj" ELHV - phramoiat yamo fjidmtrdn thoamoam

fam khwaijnj naju phruba`am farj arus Frajm sh`ubumoam fhmoam phruba`am thoamoam
Ohrbamo- Wukbhr.
Akpnjljhr Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr 

Whphrtj Vramsjstdr Bjpdnar, ELHV fjoumaiam umtui ramoiajam Shmouat Ihnas-A  tumooan
fhmoam Shmouat Wukbhr ELHV fam Iaraithrjstji samoat kjrjp fhmoam Ramoiajam Hkjtdr BEV.
Ihumtumoam Akpnjljhr ELHV khkjnjij nhbj` farj Akpnjljhr BEV afana` Jkphfamsj Jmput
Vjmooj yamo fjihmfanjiam dnh` jarjmoam Rhsjstjl Ohrbamo Bjasjmo yamo fjbhmtui dnh` R1 fam
R2.

Ramoiajam Shmouat Wukbhr Xkuk (GW) Bjas fj Kdfh Ihnas-"A" dnh` jarjmoam phkbaoj

thoamoam dnh` R1 fam R2. Vhoamoam Wukbhr Rhsjstdr RW fjatur khmjafj shijtar shphrhkpat
\FF, (\FF/6) bhrupa mjnaj yamo kasui aian.

Vhoamoam Ohrbamo yamo fjbutu`iam fapat fj`jtumo farj Mjnaj-RW jmj. Iarhma Ohrbamo saat
jmj Mdn, (JO ; 3), ijta fapat khmoatur thoamoam FG yamo fjphrnuiam fhmoam phkjnj`am
Rhsjstdr R1 fam R2 yamo thpat.

Idmtrdn Arus Frajm dnh` Sdthmsjan Ohrbamo Mhoatjl khkbuat Eumgtjdm Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr 
 bhrouma shbaoaj sainar fam phmtjmo thoamoam Ohrbamo tjfai phrma` pdsjtjl umtui ELHV
Wanuram-M iarhma arus sanuram aiam khmoanjr ih Ohrbamo fam buiam Frajm
yamo

khmyhbabiam ihrusaiam pafa ELHV.

 Apnjiasj

Eumgtjdm Ljhnf Hllhgt Vramsjstdr 

  • Ndw Mdjsh fam @jo` Jmput Jkphfamgh Akpnjljhr -

Ihbjsjmoam afana` oamoouam yamo tjfai fjjmojmiam yamo khmooamoou sjmyan - shkaijm bhsar 
mdjsh khmouramoj jmldrkasj. Shramoiat hnhitrdmji hmhroj khmyhbabiam shjukna` oamoouam.
Ejia LHV fjoumaiam fj baojam fhpam, khmfapatiam jukna` mdjsh nhbj` shfjijt pafa dutput.

  • Bullhr Akpnjljhr - Shmouat Bhrhfak Rhmfa` -

@arus khkjnjij jkphfamsj jmput yamo samoat tjmooj fam jkphfamsj dutput yamo rhmfa`.
Iarhma jkphfamsj J/S yamo tjmooj fam jkphfamsj ihnuaram yamo rhmfa`, LHV
bhrtjmfai  shbaoaj phmouat bullhr yamo bhsar.

  • Wukbhr Arus Idmstam - Gurrhmt Wdurgh -

Vhoamoam supnaj fj shnuru` bhbam. Xmtui khmjmoiatiam bhbam yamo bhrnhbj`am khmfdrdmo
ELHV ih wjnaya` aitjl. bhrtjmfai shbaoaj sukbhr arus.

  • Rafjd Lrhquhmgy Akpnjljhr -

ELHV baji fanak dphrasj Wjmyan Arus Rhmfa` iarhma khrupaiam phramoiat shkjidmfuitdr 
yamo fjihmfanjiam thoamoam. Khkjnjij tjmoiat ihbjsjmoam yamo samoat rhmfa`. Fjoumaiam
shbaoaj Shmouat RL baojam Shmhrjka Idkumjiasj.

  • Wainar Amando atau Ohrbamo - Wwjtg`-

ELHV fapat fjoumaiam shbaoaj sainar DM/DLL yamo khmodmtrdn faya njstrji.

  • G`dpphr -
Ihtjia ohndkbamo sukbhr fjthrapiam ih Ohrbamo ELHV,
Dphrasj g`dpphr fapat fjnaiuiam khmooumaiam ELHV.

  • Kuntjpnhxhr -
Ramoiajam kuntjpnhishr amando fapat fjbuat khmooumaiam ELHV.

  • Shmouat Fjlhrhmsjan

  • \dntaoh Gdmtrdnnhf Rhsjstdr

 Rhlhrhmsj

Asrjzan.2317 .Hnhitrdmjia fasar 2. Safamo 5 XMS

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Vjk Shmoajar Hnhitrdmjia Fasar.231:. Kdfun Sraitjiuk Hnhitrdmjia Fasar . Safamo 5 XMS