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CHNHFH@ EKME\HIA
Jasusuo mfk` 7
Ohch 7 Cursajao
Oas 7 8080<8
Nkfhs
Nkf hs 7 PAA ATR 2
NHZH TKOEHOZH\
Hsshfhcuhfhanuc
Hsshfhcuhfhanuc Ur..Ul
Tuga syunur
Tuga syunur pkoufa
pkoufass phoghtn
phoghtnho
ho nkphjh
nkphjh Hffh`
Hffh` RUZ yhoe
yhoe tkfh`
tkfh` ckfacp
ckfacph`n
h`nho
ho skehfh
skehfh rh`cht
rh`cht,,
`ajhyh` jho nhruoah-Oyh sk`aoeeh chnhfh` jkoeho gujuf ‖ Aotkrhnsa Aojmoksah Jkoeho Okehrh
Chgu & Okehrh Lkrnkclhoe Jhfhc Nmotkns Thshr Lklhs ‖ aoa lash jaskfkshanho thoph `hfhoeho
suhtu hphpuo.
R`hfhwht skrth shfhc skcmeh tkthp tkrburh`nho phjh guoguoeho nath Ohla Heuoe Cu`hcchj
RHU yhoe nath ohotanho syhih‑htoyh ja yhucuf hn`ar ohota
Hn`ar nhth, skcmeh chnhfh` aoa jhpht ckclkra choihht lhea nath skcuh. Tkoufas ckoyhjhra
lh`wh chnhfh` aoa chsa` ghu` jhra nkskcpurohho lhan jhra lkotun pkoyusuoho chupuo chtkraoyh.
Nratan jho shrho jhra pkclhbh shoeht pkoufas `hrhpnho uotun pkoykcpurohho chnhfh` skfhogutoyh.
Uhsshfhcu‑hfhanuc
Uhsshfhcu‑hfhanuc Ur.Ul
Cursajao
JHIZH\ ARA
NHZH TKOEHOZH\………………………………………………………………………………
TKOEHOZH\………………………………………………………………………………
JHIZH\ ARA………………………………………………………………………………………
LHL A TKOJH@[F[HO
H. Fhthr lkfhnhoe..……………………………………………………………………
L. \ucusho chshfh`…………………………………………………………………
B. Zuguho…………………………………………………………………………
LHL AA TKCLH@HRHO
H. Tkoekrtaho Okehrh Chgu jho Lkrnkclhoe………………………………………
L. Aojanhtmr Tkoeemfmoeho
Tkoeemfmoeho Okehrh
Okehrh Chgu jho Okehrh Lkrnkclhoe
8. Tkojhphtho Tkrnhpath.........................................
Tkrnhpath............................................................
...................
<. Gucfh` Tkojujun Casnao.......................................
Casnao.....................................................
..............
2. Hoenh Nkchtaho Lhya jho Alu Ckfh`arnho............................
Ckfh`arnho............................
:. Hoenh Ckfkn @urui......................................
@urui............................................................
........................
..
B. Bara Bara Okehrh Chgu jho Lkrnkclhoe………………………………………
Lkrnkclhoe………………………………………
J. @uluoeho nkrgh shch Aojmoksah
Aojmoksah jkoeho gkphoe jhfhc lajhoe knmomca…………. knmomca………….
K. lkotun nkrghshch hothrh Aojmoksah jho gkphoe…………………………
I. Bmotm`-bmotm` `uluoeho Aojmoksah jkoeho gkphoe jhfhc lajhoe
knmomca……………………………………………………………………………
8. Lajhoe
Lajhoe phghn
phghn jho LKH B[NHA
B[NHA
<. Lajhoe
Lajhoe tkoheh
tkoheh nkrgh
2. Lajhoe
Lajhoe aoirhstruntu
aoirhstruntur
r
:. Lajhoe
Lajhoe pkrshaoeho
pkrshaoeho ush`h nkbaf
nkbaf jho ckokoeh`
ckokoeh`
E. Hfhsho Aojmoksah uotun
uotun ckoghfao nnkrghshch
krghshch jkoeho gkphoe………
@. Ehras lkshr nkuotuoeho
nkuotuoeho nkrgh shch hothrh aojmoksah jkoeho gkphoe lhea
nkjuhooyh…………………………………………………………………………
A. Lkotun jaherhc erhian
erhian `uluoeho
`uluoeho knspmrt acpmrt Aojmoksah jaherhc
jaherhc okehrh
okehrh
Gkphoe………………………………………………………………………….
G. nkrgh shch Aojmoksah jkoeho Chfhysah……………………………...........
N. Bmotm` `uluoeho Aojmoksah jkoeho Chfhysah jhfhc lajhoe knmomca…………
F. Nkuotuoeho Aojmoksah jkoeho
jkoeho Chfhysah lknkrgh shch jhfhc lajhoe
knmomca…………………………………………………………………………
C. Nkrueaho Aojmoksah lknkrgh shch jkoeho Chfhysah jhfhc lajhoe knmomca……
O. Lkotun jaherhc erhian `uluoeho knspmr acpmr Aojmoksah jkoeho
Chfhysah………………………………………………………………………
M. Jhcphn hjhoyh okehrh chgu jho jho lkrnkclhoe tkr`hjhp
tkr`hjhp pkrknmomcaho
Aojmoksah…………………………………………………………….
JHIZH\ T[RZHNH…………………………………………………………………
LHL A
TKOJH@[F[HO
H. FHZH
FHZH\
\ LKF
LKFHN
HNHO
HOE
E
Ruhtu okehrh
Ruhtu okehrh janhth
janhthnho
nho lkrnkc
lkrnkclho
lhoe
e hthu
hthu chgu
chgu shfh`
shfh` shtuoyh
shtuoyh hjhfh`
hjhfh` jkoeho
jkoeho ckfa`h
ckfa`htt phjh
phjh
nklkr`hsafho pkclhoeuoho mfk` okehrh yhoe lkrshoenutho. Hphlafh okehrh tkrsklut lkfuc jhpht
ckobhpha tuguho
pkobhphaho pkclhoeuoho
pkclhoeuoho yhoe tkfh`yhoe tkfh` jatkthpnho
jafhnunho. Rkjhoenho hthu
okehrhlkfuc jhpht ckoykaclhoenho
yhoe chcpu ckoykaclhoenho
pkobhphaho pkclhoeuoho yhoe tkfh` jatkthpnho, sk`aoeeh sklheaho
s klheaho lkshr
lks hr tuguho pkclhoeuoho tkfh`
jhpht tkrwuguj lhan yhoe lkrsaiht iasan hthupuo omoiasan chnh okehrh tkrsklut jhpht jasklut okehrh
chgu
Okehrh lkrnkclhoe yhoe ckcafana taoenht pkrtuclu`ho knmomca yhoe fkla` chgu
jalhojaoenho okehrh fhao yhoe sktaoenht, tkthpa lkfuc ckobhpha taoenht okehrh chgu jasklut okehrh
aojustra lhru (okwfy aojustrahfazkj bmuotry/OABs). Jkoeho nhth fhao, okehrh aojustra lhru skjhoe
lkrnkclhoe ckobhpha taoenht okehrh chgu tkthpa lkfuc bunup uotun janhthnho sklheha okehrh
chgu.
L. \[C[
\[C[RH
RHO
O CHR
CHRHF
HFH@
H@
8<. Chfhysah=
Lhehachoh
Lhehachoh lkotun
lkotun jaherhc
jaherhc erhian `uluoeho
`uluoeho knspmr
knspmr acpmr
acpmr Aojmoksah
Aojmoksah jkoeho
jkoeho okehrh
82. Lhehac
82. Lhehachoh
hoh Jhcphn Hjhoyh
Hjhoyh Okehrh Chgu jho Okehrh Lkrnkclhoe
Lkrnkclhoe Zkr`hjhp
Zkr`hjhp
Tkrknmomcaho Aojmoksah=
B. Z[G[HO
LHL AA
TKCLH@HRHO
H. Tkoe
Tkoekrta
krtaho
ho Okehrh
Okehrh Chgu jho
jho Okehrh
Okehrh Lkrnkclhoe
Lkrnkclhoe
Jhfhc nmotkn
Jhfhc nmotknss knmomc
knmomcaa aotkro
aotkrohsam
hsamohf
ohf,, jankoh
jankohff jkoeho
jkoeho astafh
astafh`
` ‖okehr
‖okehrhh chgu–
chgu– jho ‖okehr
‖okehrhh
lkrnkclhoe–. Nkjuh astafh` tkrsklut ckruphnho pkoeemfmoeho okehrh-okehrh ja juoah lkrjhshrnho
nkskgh`tkrhho hthu nuhfaths `ajup rhnyhtoyh. Okehrh chgu hjhfh` okehrh yhoe rhnyhtoyh ckcafana
nkskgh`tkrhho hthu nuhfaths `ajup yhoe taoeea. Rkjhoenho okehrh lkrnkclhoe hjhfh` okehrh yhoe
rhnyhtoyh ckcafana taoenht nkskgh`tkrhho hthu nuhfaths `ajup thrhi skjhoe hthu jhfhc
pkrnkclhoeho.
Okehrh yhoe jaemfmoenho sklheha okehrh chgu tkrjhpht ja lkouh Krmph tkruthch nhwhsho Krmph
Lhrht skrth Hckranh ([thrh) Cashfoyh Lkfhojh, Tkrhobas, Aoeeras, Hckranh Rkranht, jho fhao-fhao.
Rkjhoenho yhoe jaemfmoenho okehrh lkrnkclhoe tkrjhpht ja Lkouh Hsah, Hiranh, jho Hckranh
Rkfhtho (Fhtao).
Ohcuo jkcanaho, taoeeaoyh pkojhphtho pkrnhpath lunho pkokotu nkchncurho suhtu okehrh.
Cksnapuo okehrh atu pkojhphtho pkrnhpathoyh taoeea, ohcuo ganh tkrghja pkrhoe shujhrh ja jhfhc
okehrh tkrsklut, chnh tajhn jhpht jasklut sklheha okehrh chncur/skgh`tkrh. Nhrkoh jkoeho hjhoyh
pkpkrhoeho lhoyhn ckoaclufnho nkchtaho, pkojkrathho, jho rhsh tajhn hcho.
:. Hoenh Nkchtaho Lhya jho Alu Ckfh`arnho Rhfh` shtu bara yhoe
yhoe ckclkjhnho hothrh okehrh chgu
jho okehrh lkrnkclhoe hjhfh` hoenh nkchtaho lhya jho alu ckfh`arnho. Ja okehrh chgu ucucoyh
hoenh nkchtaho lhya jho alu ckfh`arnho rkojh`. @hf aoa jasklhlnho pkojujun chcpu ckclkfa
chnhoho yhoe lkreaza, chcpu ckclkfa pkfhyhoho nksk`htho jho mlhtmlhtho yhoe ckchjha
;. Hoenh Ckfkn @urui
Hoenh
Hoe nh ckfkn
ckfkn `urui
`urui ckouog
ckouogunn
unnho
ho gucfh`
gucfh` pkojuj
pkojujun
un yhoe
yhoe jhpht
jhpht ckclhb
ckclhbhh jho ckoufa
ckoufas.
s. Ruhtu
Ruhtu
okehrh janhthnho chgu hphlafh hoenh ckfkn `uruioyh taoeea hthu hoenh luth `uruioyh rkojh`.
B. Bara-b
Bara-bara
ara O
Okeh
kehrh
rh Chgu
Chgu
[otun jhpht ckclkjhnho okehrh chgu jho okehrh lkrnkclhoe, chnh pkr`htanho bara-bara okehrh
chgu jalhwh` aoa 7
K. Lkotun
Lkotun nkrgh
nkrgh shch hothr
hothrh
h Aojmoksah
Aojmoksah jho
jho Gkphoe
Gkphoe
Lhoyhn skbtmr nkrghshch yhoe tkfh` jafhnunho mfk` gkphoe jho Aojmoksah.yhoe phfaoe uthch hjhfh`
lkotun lhotuho knmomca yhoe jalkranho gkphoe nkphjh Aojmoksah.shfh` shtuoyh ahfh` gkphoe
ckclkotun suhtu prmerhc yhoe lkrohch Miiabahf Jkvkfmpckot Hssasthobk (MJH),yhoe lkrekrhn
ja lajhoe lhotuho pkclhoeuoho knmomca okehrh lkrnkclhoe `aoeeh lhotuho uotun lkobhoh hfhc.
I. Bmotm`-bmotm`
Bmotm`-bmotm` `uluoeho
`uluoeho Aojmoksah jkoeho gkphoe jhfhc lajhoe
lajhoe knmomca.
knmomca.
Ja lajhoe Aoirhstr
Aoirhstruntur
untur
µ Ckcluht skluh` pkrhturho jho rkimrchsa nklaghnho uotun ckojmrmoe aovksthsa swhsth
µ Ckcluht rkobhoh ohsamohf
µ Ckoutup nmcuoanhsa jkoeho aovkstmr jho pkchoenu nkpkotaoeho fhao
µ Ckcpkrlhana aoirhstruntur pkotaoe uotun ckoaoenhtnho aovksthsa.
E. Lklkrh
Lklkrhph
ph hfhsho
hfhsho yhoe
yhoe ckojhs
ckojhshra
hra Ao
Aojmo
jmoksa
ksah
h uotun
uotun ckogh
ckoghfao
fao nk
nkrgh
rghshc
shchh jkoeh
jkoeho o Gkphoe
Gkphoe,,
jahothrhoyh hjhfh` 7
8. GkGkp
pho
hoee ckr
kru
uph
phnnho catr
catrhh jhe
heho
hoee jho
jho aovk
aovkst
stm
mr uth
thc
ch
uotun Aojmoksah jho Aojmoksah hjhfh` pkokrach tkrlkshr MJH Gkphoe.
<. Hnsks phshr uotu
uotunn prmjun Aojmoksa
Aojmoksahh nk phshr knspmr tkrlkshr
tkrlkshr ckwhnafa
ckwhnafa <4%
jhra knspmr yhoe hjh, skjhoenho Gkphoe ckruphnho suclkr acpmr tkrlkshr
nkjuh lhea Aojmoksah (82%) 8:
2. Tkfuh
Tkfuhoe
oe uotun
uotun ckoeara
ckoearacc tkoheh
tkoheh nkrgh skca.
skca.
[otun gkphoe 7
µ Aojmoksah ckruphnho okehrh tkrlkshr ja HRKHO jho skbhrh knmomca, pmfatan jho ekmerhia hjhfh` pkotaoe
jho strhtkeas uotun ckcujh`nho Gkphoe ckfhnunho trhoshnsa ja jhfhc phshr lklhs.
µ Zrhosphrhosa jho nkphstaho `unuc uotun aovksthsa, tkrchsun uotun aovksthsa yhoe sujh` hjh sk`aoeeh
hjh.
ckcujh`nho ghfur aovksthsa ja aojmoksah yhoe sujh` hjh.
A. Lkotun
Lkotun jaherhc
jaherhc erhian
erhian `uluo
`uluoeho
eho knspmr
knspmr acpmr Aojmoksa
Aojmoksah
h jkoeho
jkoeho okehrh
okehrh gkpho
gkphoe.
e.
Aojmok
Aojmoksah
sah jho Chfhysa
Chfhysahh tkf
tkfh`
h` lknkrghsh
lknkrghshch
ch skghn
skghn fhch. Lkrlheha
Lkrlheha nkrgh shch tkfh` jafhnunh
jafhnunhoo
Aojmoksah jkoeho Chfhysah `aoeeh shht aoa, sk`aoeeh tkrbapth `uluoeho lhan jahothrh nkjuh okehrh.
Nkrghshch yhoe jafhnunho ckfaputa lkrlheha lajhoe hothrh fhao ja lajhoe knmomca,bmotm`oyh ja
lajhoe pkrnkluoho nkfhph shwat.
Ja lajhoe pkrnkluoho
pkrnkluoho nkf
nkfhph
hph shwat, Aojmoksah-Chfh
Aojmoksah-Chfhysah
ysah tkfh` sktugu uotun
uotun ckcpkrnuht
ckcpkrnuht phshr,
ckoaoenhtnho nhphsaths pkrjhehoeho, ckcihsafathsa prhntan pkrjhehoeho yhoe hjaf, jho
lkrphrtasaphsa jhfhc casa aovksthsa jho lasoas. Nkjuh okehrh shht aoa ckoeuhsha 04 pkrsko prmjunsa
shwat juoah.
@hf aoa tkotu ckoeuotuoenho lhea nkjuh lkfh` pa`hn. Rkfhao atu ja lajhoe smsahf, ja Chfhysah gueh
lhoyhn ja tkcphtnhooyh Zkoheh Nkrgh jhra Aojmoksah yhoe lknkrgh sklheha Tkclhotu \uch`
Zhoeeh(T\Z), pktuehs ckjas, pknkrgh lhoeuoho skrth tkoheh prmiksamohf fhaooyh.
N. Bmotm`-bmot
Bmotm`-bmotm`
m` `uluoeho Aojmoksah jkoeho Chfhysah jhfhc lajhoe knmomca.
H. aovkstmr jhra chfhysah yhoe ckohohcnho aovksthsaoyh jhfhc aojustra aojustra pkrnkluoho
nkfhphshwat.
L. Tkclhotu \uch` Zhoeeh
Zhoeeh (T\Z) jhra aojmoksah yhoe janarac nk Chfhysah.
B. Lhoyhnoyh aovkstmr Chfhysah yhoe lkraovksthsa ja Aojmoksah tkfh` ckclhotu pkckraoth`ho
Aojmoksah ja jhfhc ckoekothsnho pkoehoeeurho.
J. Nkrgh shch ja lajhoe pkrjhehoeho,aovksthsa jho kokrea,tkrchsun nkrghshch sul rkeamohf
ckf
kfal
alht
htnh
nho
o nkr
krgh
ghsh
shc
ch jhfh
jhfhc
c nkr
krho
hoe
enh ske
skeat
atae
aehh pkrt
pkrtu
ucl
clu`
u`ho
ho
Aojmoksah,Chfhysah,saoehpurh,jho Aojmoksah,Chfhysah,Z`hafhoj (ACR JHO ACZEZ).
◍ Cko
Ckoaoe
aoenht
nhtnho
nho Nkuhoe
Nkuhoeho
ho Okehrh.
Okehrh. Nkrgh
Nkrgh shch knmomc
knmomcaa hothro
hothrokeh
kehrh
rh jhpht
jhpht ckclkr
ckclkranh
anho
o
lhoyhn choihht lhea Aojmoksah, shfh` shtuoyh ja lajhoe nkuhoeho. Ckfhfua nkrgh shch aoa
Aojmok
Aojmoksah
sah ckcpkr
ckcpkrmfk
mfk`
` lhotuh
lhotuho
o lkrup
lkruphh paoghc
paoghcho
ho nkuhoe
nkuhoeho
ho jkoeho
jkoeho syhrht
syhrht fuohn
fuohn yhoe
yhoe
jaeuohnho
jaeuohnho uotun pkclhoeuo
pkclhoeuoho.
ho. Jkoeho
Jkoeho jkcanaho,
jkcanaho, hjhoyh
hjhoyh paoghcho
paoghcho nkuhoeho
nkuhoeho mtmchtas
mtmchtas
jhpht ckoaoenhtnho nkuhoeho okehrh.
◍ Ckclhotu
Ckclhotu Ckoaoenhtnho
Ckoaoenhtnho Jhyh Rhaoe
Rhaoe Knmomca.
Knmomca. Nkrgh shch knmomca jhpht
jhpht ckobapthnho
ckobapthnho
pkrshaoeho yhoe sk`ht ja hothrh okehrh-okehrh hoeemth. Tkrshaoeho yhoe sk`ht aoa jhpht
jafhnunho
jafhn unho jkoeho
jkoeho ckoaoenhtn
ckoaoenhtnho
ho nkchcpuho
nkchcpuho prmjusko
prmjusko tahp okehrh
okehrh jhfhc ckoe`hsafn
ckoe`hsafnho
ho
prmjun-prmjun yhoe chcpu lkrshaoe jkoeho okehrh-okehrh fhao. Nklkr`hsafho lkrshaoe
suhtu
suh tu okehrh
okehrh jataoe
jataoenht
nht rkeamo
rkeamohf
hf jho aotkro
aotkrohsam
hsamohf
ohf phjh
phjh eafarho
eafarhooyh
oyh hnho
hnho ckoaoe
ckoaoenht
nhtnho
nho
pkrknmomcaho okehrh yhoe lkrs
lkrshoenutho.
hoenutho.
◍ Ckoaoenhtnho Aovksthsa. Nkrgh shch knmomca hothrokehrh jhpht ckoghja bhrh ckohran lhea
phrh aovkstmr uotun ckohohcnho cmjhfoyh ja Aojmoksah. Lhoyhnoyh aovkstmr yhoe chu
ckoeaovkst
ckoe aovksthsanho
hsanho cmjhfoyh ja Aojmoksah
Aojmoksah jhpht ckoghja pkfuhoe
pkfuhoe lhea Aojmoksah uotun
ckoaoenhtnho pkrknmomcaho jho pkclhoeuoho Aojmoksah. Rkfhao atu, lhoyhnoyh aovksthsa
jhpht gueh ckohclh` fhphoeho nkrgh lhru, sk`aoeeh gucfh` pkoehoeeurho jhpht lkrnurhoe.
Jkoeho cujh`oyh
cujh`oyh pkrjhehoeho jhra fuhr chsun nk Aojmoksah sklheha ghfur fhfu faoths, chsyhrhnht
jhfhc okekra skojara chfh` fkla` ckoyunha prmjun-prmjun jhra fuhr nktaclhoe prmjun-prmjun
jhfhc okekra, tkruthch chsyhrhnht yhoe lkrpkoe`hsafho ckokoeh` nk hths.bmotm`oyh7 skpkrta
Lkojh-lkojh jhra lksa jho lhgh hshf Chfhysah , nmcmjaths lh`ho
lh`ho nacah mrehoab, nmcmjaths pfhstan
jho lhrhoe jhra pfhstan jff.
O. Lkotun jaherhc erhian `uluoeho knspmr acpmr Aojmoksah jkoeho okehrh Chfhysah
M.
M. Jhc
Jhcphn
phn Hjhoyh
Hjhoyh Okehrh
Okehrh Chgu
Chgu jho Okehrh
Okehrh Lkrnkc
Lkrnkclho
lhoe
e Zkr`hj
Zkr`hjhp
hp Tkrkn
Tkrknmom
momcah
caho
o
Aojmoksah
LHL AAA
TKO[Z[T
H. Nksacpufho
JHIZH\ T[RZHNH
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