H[NAU NAUAYHRHWHM CAGONHD IAGHJ

—H[QJHM NAUAYHRHWHM UHGH UAM_HNOW

NHWHYHN–

Wombnht
OO I

@daj

< Mhch < Cassh

Moc < 8:;;7518

G`sam Uaciociomb < Ms. Gaiiy [odvoh Gawo [.Nap,C.Nap

UY@GO G; NAUAYHRHWHM

FHNQDWH[ ODCQ NA@DHJYHBHHM

QMOVAY[OWH[ MABAYO UHGHMB

958?
 NHWH UAMBHMWHY

Gambhm camyaiut mhch Hddhj [RW. _hmb chjh pambhsoj dhbo chjh pamyhyhmb nhco
ukhpnhm pulh ghm pulo syunur hths najhgorht Hddhj yhmb tadhj cadocphjnhm rhjcht joghyhj-
Myh phgh nhco, sajombbh nhco ghpht camyadashonhm chnhdhj yhmb iarlugud —Hsujhm
Naparhwhthm Uhgh Uamyhnot NHWHYHN – omo gambhm ihon.

Nhco camyhghro sapamujmyh ihjwh hgh nanurhmbhm ihon ghro sabo

pamyusum ihjhshmyh chupum sabo dhommyh. @daj nhramh otu gambhm dhphmb ghgh
ghm thmbhm tariunh nhco caciunh sadaihr-daihrmyh ihbo pacihkh yhmb ombom caciaro hrhm
ghm nroton phgh nhco sajombbh nhco ghpht cacparihono chnhdhj nhco gonacugohm jhro.

Uhrohchm, 87 @nt`iar 958?

Uamyusum,

Cassh
 GHFWHY O[O

NHWH UAMBHMWHY.............................................................................................. o

GHFWHY O[O............................................................................................................. oo IHI 8

UAMGHJQDQHM

h. Dhthr Iadhnhmb.................................................................................................. 8 i.
Yucushm Chshdhj............................................................................................. 9 k.
Wuluhm............................................................................................................... 9
IHI 9 UACIHJH[HM

h. Gafomoso.......................................................................................................... ; i.

Ato`d`bo.......................................................................................................... ; k.

thmgh ghm balhdh ............................................................................................ 7 g.

hnoiht ghm n`cpdonhso.................................................................................... 7 a.

pht`foso`d`bo .................................................................................................. 6 f.

Ur`sas parlhdhmhm pamyhnot (R@K)............................................................... : b.

Uamhthdhnshmhhm............................................................................................. ?

j. Hsujhm Naparhwhthm..................................................................................... 88

IHI ; UAMQWQU

h. Nasocpudhm.................................................................................................... ;6 i.

[hrhm............................................................................................................... ;6

GHFWHY UQ[WHNH
IHI O
UAMGHJQDQH
h. Dhthr iadhnhmb M

Nhthrhn hghdhj nanarujhm damsh. Nhthrhn cacodono garhlht naphghthm yhmb

shmbht iarvhrohso ghm ghpht gosaihinhm `daj iarihbo jhd, tathpo iohshmyh
iarnhothm gambhm
 pamuhhm (Vhubjhm, 9555).
[hdhj shtu pamyaihi naiuthhm hghdhj nhthrhn. sanothr 8,1 % ghro lucdhj pamgugun go
Omg`masoh, 2: % gosaihinhm `daj nhthrhn. Uhmghmbhm chth yhmb nhiur hthu
iarnhiut ihbhonhm cadojht cadhduo nhkh chth iaracium, unurhm damsh nhkhchth
yhmb saromb iaruihj, pambdojhthm bhmgh natonh cambacugo go chdhc jhro , caruphnhm
balhdh nhthrhn. Wathpo go sohmb jhro pamgaroth lustru carhsh sodhu nhramh
khjhyh yhmb chsun na chth tarhsh iardaioj.
Iabotu iashrmyh rason` chsyhrhnht Omg`masoh umtun camgaroth nhthrhn cacoku
noth ghdhc uphyh pamkabhjhm. Gambhm cacparjhtonhm bhyh jogup, dombnumbhm
yhmb sajht

ghm cambjomghro pachnhohm ihjhm-ihjhm nocoh yhmb ghpht carushn hnhm caciuth noth
tarjomghr ghro iarihbho lamos pamyhnot ghdhc sthgouc yhmb daioj iarht yhmb
hnhm
camyudotnhm uphyh pamyaciujhm.

i. Yucushm chshdhj
8. Hph Gafomoso, Ato`d`bo ghm Uht`foso`d`bo Nhthrhn 0
9. Ihbhochmh pambnhlohm phgh ndoam Nhthrhn 0
;. Gohbm`sh Naparhwhthm hph yhmb cumkud phgh Ndoam Nhthrhn ghm
Omtarvamsomyh 0

k. Wuluhm Uamudoshm
Wuluhm


Qcuc
Chjhsoswh cambathjuo bhcihrhm sakhrh ucuc tamthmb hsujhm naparhwhthm phgh
ndoam gambhm nhthrhn.
Wuluhm
Njusus
h. Chjhsoswh chcpu cadhnunhm pambnhlohm phgh ndoam gambhm nhthrhn.
i. Chjhsoswh chcpu camabhnnhm gohbm`sh naparhwhthm phgh ndoam gambhm
nhthrhn. k. Chjhsoswh chcpu camyusum omtarvamso naparhwhthm phgh ndoam
gambhm nhthrhn.
g. Chjhsoswh chcpu camarhpnhm ocpdacamthso naparhwhthm phgh ndoam
gambhm nhthrhn.
 Ihi OO
UACIHJH[HM

h. Gafamoso

Nhthrhn caruphnhm nahghhm go chmh tarlhgo nanarujhm phgh sarhiut hthu ihjhm damsh
go ghdhc nhpsud damsh ([oghrth Odyhs, 8??:)

Nhthrhn hghdhj pr`sas tarlhgomyh `phsoths sakhrh pr`brasof phgh damsh hthu nhpsud
damsh, ucucmyh hnoiht ghro pr`sas pamuhhm yhmb tarlhgo phgh sacuh `rhmb daioj ghro 61
thjum (Chrodymm G`amb`as, gnn. 9555).

Nhthrhn hghdhj `phsoths damsh nrosthdomh yhmb m`rchdmyh larmoj. Iohshmyh tarlhgo
hnoiht pr`sas pamuhhm ghpht tociud phgh shht nadhjorhm (nhthrhn k`mbamothd). Ghpht lubh
iarjuiumbhm gambhm trhuch chth thlhc chupum tucpud, pambbumhhm n`rton`star`og lhmbnh
phmlhmb, pamyhnot sostacos saparto gohiatas caddotus hthu jop`phrhtor`ogosca, pacalhmhm
rhgohso, pachlhmhm yhmb dhch somhr chth jhro (somhr udtrh vo`dat), hthu nadhomhm chth
dhom saparto uvaotos hmtaro`r. (Irummar & sugghrt, 9558)

i. Ato`d`bo
Iarihbho chkhc jhd yhmb ghpht camkatusnhm nhthrhn hmthrh dhom (K`rwom,9555)<
8. Qsoh dhmlut ghm pr`sas pamuhhm
9. K`mbamothd hthu iosh goturumnhm.
;. Uaciamtunhm nhthrhn goparkapht `daj fhnt`r dombnumbhm, saparto car`n`n hthu
ihjhm iarhkum dhommyh.
7. Nhthrhn iosh gosaihinhm `daj kagarh chth, pamyhnot cathi`don (coshdmyh gohiatas)
ghm `iht-`iht tartamtu (coshdmyh n`rton`star`og).
Nhthrhn lubh ghpht gosaihinhm `daj iaiarhph fhnt`r roson` dhom, saparto<
8. Nhthrhn trhuchton yhmb gosaihinhm `daj rowhyht trhuch/kagarh phgh chth.
9. Nhthrhn sanumgar yhmb gosaihinhm `daj pamyhnot dhom, saparto<
pamyhnot/bhmbbuhm cathi`dosca, pr`sas parhghmbhm phgh chth, hthu gohiatas
cadotus.
;. Nhthrhn yhmb gosaihinhm `daj phphrhm somhr rhgohso.
7. Nhthrhn yhmb gosaihinhm `daj pambbumhhm `iht-`ihthm lhmbnh phmlhmb,
saparto n`rton`star`og ghm `iht pamurum n`dastar`d.
1. Nhthrhn n`mbamothd yhmb gopambhrujo `daj fhnt`r bamaton (Hgcom,955?).

Uamyaihi nhthrhn dhommyh cadoputo <

Fhnt`r naturumhm.
Khkht ihwhhm salhn dhjor. (k`mbamothd)
Chshdhj nasajhthm, coshdmyh gohiatas.


@parhso
Wrhuch chth saiaducmyh.
(nakadhnhhm) phgh chth.

  Fhnt`r-fhnt`r dhomyh yhmb iaduc gonathjuo.

k. Chmofasthso ndomos

Balhdh suilantof ghro phsoam gambhm nhthrhn hmthrh dhom<

8. Iohshmyh ndoam cadhp`rnhm pamurumhm nathlhchm pambdojhthm ghm
sodhu sarth bhmbbuhm fumbso`mhd yhmb gohnoihtnhm `daj najodhmbhm
pambdojhthm thgo.
9. camyodhunhm gambhm gost`rso ihyhmbhm ghm sushj cadojht go chdhc jhro

Balhdh `ilantof iohshmyh cadoputo<

8. Uambaciumhm saparto cutohrh nahiuhm phgh pupod sajombbh ratomh thn hnhm thcphn
gambhm `fthdc`sn`p. Natonh damsh sughj camlhgo `phn, khjhyh hnhm gopamghrnhm
ghm iunhmmyh gotrhmscosonhm gambhm thlhc camlhgo ihyhmbhm tarf`nus phgh
ratomh. Jhsodmyh hghdhj phmghmbhm camlhgo nhiur hthu ragup.
9. Uupod yhmb m`rchdmyh jothc hnhm thcphn hiu-hiu hthu putoj. Uambadojhthm
sahnhm- hnhm cadojht hshp ghm pupod chth sahnhm hnhm iarthcihj putoj.
;. Uhgh hnjormyh hphiodh nhthrhn tadhj chthmb pupod hnhm thcphn iamhr-iamhr putoj
,sajombbh rafdans khjhyh phgh chth camlhgo mabhtof.

Balhdh ucuc bhmbbuhm nhthrhn cadoputo<

8. Uambdojhthm toghn ladhs, saparto targhpht nhiut cambjhdhmbo `ilan.
9. Uanh tarjhghp somhr hthu khjhyh.
;. Ghpht cadojht g`iad phgh shtu chth (gopd`ioh).
7. Cacardunhm pamkhjhyhhm yhmb tarhmb umtun ghpht cacihkh.
1. Damsh chth iaruihj camlhgo iurhc saparto nhkh susu.
6. Nasudothm cadojht phgh chdhc jhro
2. Cadojht dombnhrhm go sanadodomb khjhyh hthu khjhyh tarhsh camyodhunhm cht

:. Uamurumhm nathlhchm pambdojhthm ( ihjnhm phgh sohmb jhro )

g. N`cpdonhso
N`cpdonhso phgh nhthrhn cumbnom tarlhgo gohmthrh dhom <
8. Bdhuk`ch
9. Qvaotos
;. Narushnhm amg`tad n`rmah
7. [ucihthm pupod
1. Agach chkudh sost`s`og
6. Amg`fthdcotos
2. Fostudh dunh `parhso
:. Uadaphshm n`r`og

?. Idaagomb
a. Uht`foso`d`bo
Damsh yhmb m`rchd hghdhj struntur p`staro`r oros yhmb larmoj, trhmsphrhm, iariamtun

saparto nhmkomb ihlu cacpumyho rafrhnso yhmb iashr, damsh cambhmgumb tobh

n`cp`mam hmht`cos. Uhgh z`mh samtrhd targhpht mundaus go`parofar hgh n`rtans

ghm yhmb
cambadodombo naguhmyh hghdhj nhpsud hmtaro`r ghm p`staro`r. Gambhm iarthcihjmyh
usoh,
mundaus cambhdhco paruihjhm whrmh camlhgo k`ndht nanumombhm. @phsoths phgh nhpsud
p`staro`r caruphnhm nhthrhn yhmb phdomb iarchnmh mhcphn saparto nrosthd shdlu
phgh lamgadh.
Uaruihjhm foson ghm nocoh ghdhc damsh cambhnoihtnhm jodhmbmyh
trhmsphrhmso. Uaruihjhm phgh sarhiun jhdus cudtopda (zumun) yhmb cachmlhmb ghro
ihghm sodoar na sanothr gharhj goduhr damsh, coshdmyh ghpht
camyaihinhm pambdojhthm cambhdhco gostrhso. Uaruihjhm nocoh ghdhc pr`taom
damsh ghpht camyaihinhm n`hbudhso, sajombbh lhdhmmyh khjhyh na ratomh
tarjhciht, cambhnoihtnhm phmghmbhm tarbhmbbu. [hdhj shtu ta`ro camyaiutnhm tarputusmyh
pr`taom damsh m`rchd tarlhgo gosartho omfduns hor naghdhc damsh. Ur`sas omo
cachthjnhmsarhiut damsh yhmb tabhmb ghm cambbhmbbu trhmscoso somhr. Lucdhj
amzoc hnhm camurum gambhm iarthcihjmyh usoh ghm toghn hgh phgh naihmyhnhm
pamgaroth nhthrhn.

f. Uhtjwhy Nhthrhn (R@K)

 b. Uamhthdhnshmhhm

Balhdh-balhdh yhmb tociud phgh nhthrhn yhmb chsoj rombhm ghpht goihmtu
gambhm cambbumhnhm nhkhchth, damsh paciashr, khjhyh yhmb daioj tarhmb, hthu nhkhchth
yhmb ghpht caraghcnhm khjhyh. Uhgh thjhp omo toghn gopardunhm tomghnhm `parhso.
Womghnhm `parhso nhthrhn caruphnhm khrh yhmb afantof umtun cacparihono damsh chth,
tathpo toghn sacuh nhsus nhthrhn cacardunhm tomghnhm `parhso. @parhso nhthrhn pardu
godhnunhm lonh nanarujhm damsh camyaihinhm pamurumhm thlhc pambadojhthm sagaconohm
ruph sajombbh cambbhmbbu panarlhhm sajhro-jhro. @parhso nhthrhn ghpht gopartocihmbnhm
umtun godhnunhm lonh nhthrhn tarlhgo iarihrambhm gambhm pamyhnot chth dhommyh,
saparto uvaotos yhnmo hghdhj parhghmbhm phgh uvah. Qvah (gosaiut lubh shdurhm uvah)
targoro ghro ; struntur<
8. Oros < Komkom iarwhrmh yhmb cadombnhro pupod yhmb iarwhrmh jothc.
9. Ihghm sodoar < @t`t-`t`t yhmb caciuht damsh camlhgo daioj taihd.
;. N`r`og < Dhposhm chth ihbohm ghdhc yhmb caciamthmb ghro ulumb `t`t sodoar
na shrhf `ptonus go ihbohm iadhnhmb chth.
[aihbohm hthu saduruj uvah iosh cambhdhco parhghmbhm. Uarhghmbhm yhmb tarihths phgh
oros gosaiut orotos, lonh tarihths phgh n`r`og gosaiut n`r`ogotos. Lubh `parhso nhthrhn hnhm
godhnunhm iodh iarihrambhm gambhm bdhun`ch, ghm ratom`phto gohiatonuc. [adhom otu lonh
jhsod yhmb goghpht satadhj `parhso lhuj daioj cambumtumbnhm goihmgombnhm gambhm roson`
`parhso yhmb cumbnom tarlhgo. Uaciaghjhm damsh gambhm nhthrhn godhnunhm iodh
cambbhmbbu najoguphm s`kohd hthu hths omgonhso cagos dhommyh.( Odyhs, [oghrth< Odcu
Uamyhnot Chth, ag. ;). Omgonhso godhnunhmmyh `parhso nhthrhn <
8. Omgonhso s`sohd < Lonh phsoam cambaduj hghmyh bhmbbuhm
pambdojhthm ghdhc cadhnunhm rutomoths panarlhhm.
9. Omgonhso cagos < Iodh hgh n`cpdonhso saparto bdhuk`ch.
;. Omgonhso `ptok < Lonh ghro jhsod pacaronshhm vosus gambhm jotumb lhro ghro lhrhn
;c goghphtnhm jhsod vosus ;/65.
 Hphiodh toghn tarlhgo bhmbbuhm phgh n`rmah, ratomh, shrhf chth hthu chshdhj chth
dhommyh, tombnht naiarjhsodhm ghro `parhso nhthrhn kunup tombbo, yhotu camkhpho ?1%,
ghm nhsus n`cpdonhso shht chupum phskh `parhso lubh shmbht lhrhmb tarlhgo. Nhpsud/sadhput
gochmh damsh omtrh `nudhr tarphshmb phgh chth `rhmb yhmb parmhj camlhdhmo `parhso
nhthrhn ghpht camlhgo naruj. Qmtun otu pardu tarhpo dhsar umtun caciunh nhpsud yhmb
naruj tarsaiut hbhr pambdojhthm ghpht nacihdo camlhgo ladhs.

H[QJHM NAUAYHRHWHM UH[OAM NHWHYHN

H. Uambnhlohm
h. Ogamtoths / Ghth
gac`brhfo
Iaroso mhch, usoh, lamos nadhcom, panarlhhm yhmb saromb tarphphr somhr chthjhro
sakhrh dhmbsumb, tacpht tombbhd saihbho bhcihrhm n`mgoso dombnumbhm ghm naduhrbh, ghm
natarhmbhm dhom cambamho ogamtoths phsoam.
i. Yowhyht Nasajhthm
 Yowhyht Nasajhthm [anhrhmb
Nadujhm uthch phsoam nhthrhn iohshmyh hmthrh dhom< Uamurumhm nathlhchm
pambdojhthm
sakhrh pr`brasof (balhdh uthch nhthrhn) . Chth toghn carhsh shnot, bhthd hthu carhj. Iarnhiut,
iarhshp, pambdojhthm tartutup fodc. Uaruihjhm ghyh dojht whrmh. Bhmbbuhm
cambamghrho
namghrhhm chdhc jhro, dhcpu iashr shmbht camyodhunhm chth. Dhcpu ghm chthjhro shmbht
cambbhmbbu. [aromb cacomth bhmto rasap nhkh chth. Dojht bhmgh. Ihon cadojht ganht phgh
phsoam rhium ganht ( joparcatr`poh)
 Yowhyht pamyhnot ghjudu
 Hghmyh rowhyht pamyhnot sostacon yhmb go codono `daj phsoam saparto
GC, jopartamso,paciaghjhm chth saiaducmyh, ghm pamyhnot cathi`dok dhommyh cacoku
rason` nhthrhn.
 Nhlo bhmbbuhm vhs`c`t`r saparto pamombnhthm tanhmhm vamh, natoghnsaocihmbhm
amg`nrom ghm gohiatas, sarth rowhyht tarphlhm phgh rhgohso, star`og / t`nsosoths fam`tohzom.
 Nhlo rowhyht hdarbo
  Yowhyht Nasajhthm Naduhrbh
Hphnhj hgh rowhyht gohiatas hthu bhmbbuhm sostac vhsnudar, nhlo rowhyht strass, gonaduhrbh 0

I.Uacaronshhm Foson
Uambnhlohm njusus chth
h. Gambhm padaihrhm pupod, gotacunhm bhcihrhm nanarujhm damsh (iarnhs putoj)

i. NpNhagduhjdahmstha.rghpht gopd`poh, phmghmbhm iarnhiut.

k. Uamurumhm thlhc pambdojhthm
(co`poh). g. Iodon chth gaphm camyacpot.
a. Whmgh bdhuk`ch (hnoiht n`cpdonhso

K. Gohbm`sh Naparhwhthm <

UYA-@UAYH[O
8. Bhmbbuhm parsapso sams`ro-parsaptuhd pambdojhthm i.g bhmbbuhm
pamarochhm sams`ro/sthtus `rbhm omgarh, dombnumbmh sakhrh tarhpaton goihthso.
g/g Camurummyh nathlhchm pambdojhthm, paruihjhm rasp`m iohshmyh tarjhghp
rhmbshmb.
9. Hmsoaths yhmb iarjuiumbhm gambhm nurhmb pambathjuhm tamthmb nalhgohm `parhso.
;. Gafosot parhwhthm goro yhmb iarjuiumbhm gambhm bhmbbuhm pambdojhthm.

U@[W-@UAYH[O

8. Myaro yhmb iarjuiumhbhm gambhm dunh phskh `parhso

9. Jhrbh Goro Yamghj [otuhso`mhd i/g Jhcihthm Fumbso Uambdojhthm.

;. Omtarvamso Naparhwhthm
M` Gohbm`sh Naparhwhthm Duhrhm ghm Nrotaroh jhsod Omtarvamso ([ONO)

. ([DNO)
UYA @UAYH[O
8. Bhmbbuhm [atadhj godhnunhm tomghnhm @isarvhso
parsapso sams`ro-parsaptuhd naparhwhthm sadhch ; x 97 lhc 8. Uaronsh sthtus camthd, sthtus
pambdojhthm i.g gambhm anpathso cacihon , sams`ro, ghm tombnht
bhmbbuhm pamarochhm
gambhm nrotaroh jhsod < namyhchm (cos.nadadhjhm)
sams`ro/sthtus
8. Varihdoshso cadojht 9. C`mot`r tombnht nashghrhm,
`rbhm omgarh,
dombnumbmh sakhrh ihyhmbhm thmgh-thmgh vothd, whrmh
tarhpaton goihthso. g/g camombnht nudot suju, samshso ghm
Camurummyh nathlhchm 9. Wombnht n`mgoso sakhrh iarnhdh
pambdojhthm,
nashghrhm
paruihjhm rasp`m iohshmyh
tarjhghp rhmbshmb. camombnht
 ;. Yahnso pupod Warhpauton
camombnht
8. Gosnusonhm tombnht
7. Nathlhchm
t`darhmso tarjhghp iaihm
pambdojhthm
sams`ro (cos. Wardhdu
camombnht
tarhmb )
9. Ihths stocudus dombnumbhm

(cos. Khjhyh )
;. Lhgwhdnhm hntovoths jhrohm
ghm whntu ostorhjht
7. Dhnunhm suparvoso ghm
survadamso ghdhc cac`mot`r
tomghnhm
Agunhso
8. Hlhrnhm khrh
cacomochdoshso stocudus
(cos. Cambhtur

pamkhjhyhhm
ruhmbhm ) N`dhi`rhso
8. N`dhi`rhso paciarohm `iht
yhmb cacpambhrujo parsapso
stocudus

9. Hmsoaths yhmb i/g [atadhj godhnunhm tomghnhm 7. Nachcpuhm camladhsnhm

nurhmb tarphphr omf`rchso
naparhwhthm sadhch ; x 97 lhc pambajuhm ttb suhtu
gojhrhpnhm nakachshm camurum ,
gambhm nrotaroh jhsod <
8. Varihdoshso
naiombumbhm
camurum
9. Varihdoshso
njhwhtor hnoiht
n`mgoso yhmb
gojhghpo camurum
;. Uarodhnu
tabhmb
camurum
@isarvhso cambbhmbbu ;. Uaronsh natabhmbhm `t`t,
8. Ogamtofonhso nachcpuhm n`bmotof franuamso mhgo,
pamurumhm amarbo 9. Ogamtofonhso tanmon tanhmhm ghrhj, ghm suju
, natoghnchcpuhm radhnshso yhmb saiaduc ghm sasughj
n`msamtrhso hthu parmhj afantof dhtojhm
balhdh dhom yhmb gobumhnhm 7. C`mot`r rasp`ms tarhpo
nalhgohm `parhso radhnshso
camombnht Warhpauto
n
8. Kopthnhm dombnumbhm
tamhmb ghm thmph
bhmbbuhm gambhm
pamkhjhyhhm ghm suju
ruhmb

yb myhchm ,
lonh
cacumbnomnhm
9. iaronhm omf`rchso tartudos
tamthmb parsohphm ghm
pr`sagur tanmon radhnshso
;. Bumhnhm mhgh suhrh daciut
ghm orhch dhciht ghm iarorhch
7. Bumhnhm radhnshso
saihbho strhtabo
pamumlhmb gambhm

hmhdbaton
Agunhso
8. Ladhsnhm tuluhm, chmfhht,
ihthshm, ghm lamos radhnshso
yb tarsagoh (cos. Cagothso
mhfhs ghdhc)
9. Ladhsnhm sakhrh romko
omtarvamso radhnshso yb
gopodoj
;. Hmlurnhm cambhciod p`soso

myhchm
 7. Hmlurnhm rodans ghm
carhshnhm samshso radhnshso
1. Gac`mtrhsonhm ghm dhton tanmon
radhnshso cagothso mhfhs ghdhc

; Gafosot parhwhthm goro [atadhj godhnunhm tomghnhm @isarvhso

i/g bhmbbuhm
naparhwhthm sadhch ; x 97 lhc 8. C`mot`r hghmyh nacarhjhm ,
pambdojhthm
gojhrhpnhm ghpht iarhntofoths ansugat hthu udsarhso

sakhrh iarthjhp, gambhm 9. C`mot`r rafdans n`rmah

nrotaroh
jhsod Warphauton
<
8. Wutup chth umtun camkabhj
8. Nathlhchm
gopd`poh
pambdojhthm cacihon
9. Watasnhm `iht tatas chth lonh
9. Yahnso pupod
camombnht pardu

;. Qnurhm pupod cacihon ;. @dasnhm shdap chth lonh pardu

Agunhso
7. Barhnhm chth cacihon
8. Hmlurnhm toghn camyamtuj i`dh
chth
9. Hmlurnhm toghn tarphphr gaiu
ghm p`duso
;. Hmlurnhm toghn tarphphr khjhyh
tarhmb tardhdu dhch (cos. Dhyhr
jp , dhpt`p/ tadavoso)

7. Hmlurnhm cambn`msucso
chnhmhm nhyh vothcom
H
1. Hmlurnhm cambbumhnhm
nhkhchth pr`tan QV/ phnho t`po
daihr shht iarhgh goihwhj phmhs
taron chthjhro
6. Hmlurnhm cambjomghro cacihkh
gambhm pamkhjhyhhm
rag

7 Myaro yhmb iarjuiumhbhm

gambhm dunh phskh `parhso
 U@[W-@UAYH[O
[atadhj godhnunhm tomghnhm @isarvhso
naparhwhthm sadhch ; x 97 lhc 8. Ogamtofonhso
gojhrhpnhm ghpht iarhntofoths nhrhntaroston myaro
sakhrh iarthjhp, gambhm nrotaroh ghm snhdh myaro
jhsod < 9. Ogamtofonhso
8. Nadujhm myaro camurum pambathjuhm ghm
9. Uamyhtuhm nayhnomhm
nudot tamthmb myaro
camombnht ;. Ogamtofonhso
;. Uaciamtunhm lhrombhm nasasuhohm lamos
phrut camombnht hmhdbason
gambhm tombnht
naphrhjhm myaro
7. C`mot`r WWV
saiaduc ghm sasughj
paciarohm
hmhdbason
77.. UUaarrhhgghhmmbbhhmm dduunnhh ccaammuurruumm 11.. CC``mmoott``rr aaffaannttooffootthhss
hhmmhhddbbaassoonn
66.. CC``mmoott``rr
aaffaann
sshhccppoommbb
ppaammbbbbuummhhh
hmm
hhmmhhddbbaassoonn
WWaarrhhppaauuttoon
n
88.. IIaarroonnhhmm ttaannmmoonn
mm``mmffhhrrcchhnn``dd``bbooss

uummttuunn ccaammbbuurrhhmmbboo rrhhsshh mmyyaarroo

99.. FFhhssooddootthhssoo
ttaaccpphhtt oossttoorrhhjjhhtt
gghhmm ttoogguurr
;;..
UUaarrttoocciihhmmbbnnhhm
m llaammooss gghhhhmm
ssuucciiaarr mmyyaarroo
gghhddhhcc
ppaaccooddoojjhhmm
ssttrrhhttaabboo
ccaarraagghhnnhhmm
mmyyaarroo
77.. GGhhpphhttnnhhmm
ppaarrssaattuulluuhhmm
uummttuunn
ttoommgghhnnhhmm
hhmmhhddbbaassoonn
AAgguunnhhssoo

;. Uamarochhm pamodhodhm p`sotof 88.. LLaaddhhssnnhhmm

vvaarriihhddoosshhssoo pp``ssoottooff
goro
uummttuunn ggoorroo
tarjhghpt99..
goroUUaarrhhsshhhhmm
samgoro camombnhtcchhdduu ;. Gosnusonhm parkhyhhm tarjhghp
ssaammggoorroo
ccaammuurruumm pamodhohm goro
99.. GGoossnnuussoonnhhmm
7. Caracajnhm nachcpuhm cambhthso 7. Gosnusonhm hdhshm cambnroton
goro hthu rhsh iarshdhj
chshdhj camurum
 1. Iaronhm ucphm ihdon p`sotof hths pamombnhthm
camkhpho tuluhm
6. Fhsodothso dombnumbhm ghm hntovoths yhmb
camombnhtnhm jhrbh goro

Agunhso

8. Ladhsnhm naphgh naduhrbh pamtombmyh

gunumbhm ghdhc parnacihmbhm n`msap p`sotof
ghro phsoam
9. Hlhrnhm cambogamtofonhso
nanuhthm yhmb gocodono
;. Hmlurnhm cambavhduhso prodhnu
7. Dhtoj parmyhthhhm/ nachcpuhm p`sotof goro
1. Dhtoj khrh iarfonor ghm iarparodhnu p`sotof
 IHI OV

UAMQWQU

H. Nasocpudhm

Nhthrhn hghdhj mhch yhmb goiaronhm umtun nanarujhm damsh yhmb cambhnoihtnhm

pamburhmbhm vosus `daj suhtu thior/dhyhr yhmb goturumnhm go ghdhc chth, saparto

cadojht hor tarlum camlhgo nhiur hthu ragup, chth sodhu yhmb camlambnadnhm gambhm

gost`rso ihyhmbhm ghm sushj cadojht Nhthrhn gogohbm`sos taruthch gambhm balhdh

suilantof. Iohshmyh ndoam cadhp`rnhm pamurumhm nathlhchm pambdojhthm ghm sodhu

sarth bhmbbuhm fumbso`mhd shcpho garhlht tartamtu yhmb gohnoihtnhm `daj najodhmbhm

pambdojhthm thgo. Wacuhm `ilantof iohshmyh cadoputo pambaciumhmm saparto cutohrh

nahiuhm phgh pupod sajombbh ratomh thn hnhm thcphn gambhm `fthdc`sn`p.

Natonh damsh sughj camlhgo `phn, khjhyh hnhm gopamghrnhm ghm iunhmmyh

gotrhmscosonhm gambhm thlhc camlhgo ihyhmbhm tarf`nus phgh ratomh. Jhsodmyh

hghdhj pamghmbhm go chdhc jhro. Uupod yhmb m`rchdmyh jothc hnhm thcphn hiu-hiu

hthu putoj.

I. [hrhm

Gambhm chnhdhj omo gojhrhpnhm pacihkh njususmyh chjhsoswh naparhwhthm ghpht cambarto

ghm cachjhco sarth camhcihj whwhshm tamthmb Hsujhm naparhwhthm phgh ndoam

gambhm Nhthrhn.
 GHFWHY UQ[WHNH

D`mb, K Ihrihrh. 8??6.Uarhwhthm Cagonhd Iaghj < 9.Ihmgumb. _hyhshm Onhthm Hducmo
Uamgogonhm Naparhwhthm Uhlhlhrhm
Chrbhrat Y. Wj`rpa. Uarhwhthm Chth. _`byhnhrth . _hyhshm Assamtoh Cagokh
Mattomh [hmgrh C. 9558. Uag`chm Urhnton Naparhwhthm. Hdoj ihjhsh < [atohwhm [hro.
Lhnhrth. ABK
[oghrth Odyhs. 9558. Odcu Uamyhnot Chth. Lhnhrth. FNQO [cadtzar, [uzhmma K. 9558. Iunu
Hlhr Naparhwhthm Cagonhd Iaghj
Irummar & [ugghrtj. Hdoj ihjhsh < Hbumb Rhduy`. Lhnhrth. ABK
 IHI O

UAMGHJQDQHM

8.8 Dhthr Iadhnhmb

@totos cagoh caruphnhm shdhj shtu pamyaihi uthch bhmbbuhm

pamgambhrhm ghm natudohm, ihjnhm ghpht camociudnhm pamyudot yhmb
cambhmkhc lowh. Mhcum gaconohm `daj saihbohm chsyhrhnht chsoj gohmbbhp jhd
iohsh, sajombbh toghn sabarh camkhro part`d`mbhm shht camgaroth `totos cagoh.
[hht pamgambhrhmmyh cudho iarnurhmb, toghn chcpu cambonuto padhlhrhm go
san`dhj hthunhj satadhj tarlhgo n`cpdonhso ihrudhj caranh camkhro part`d`mbhm cagos.

[urvao apogaco`d`bo go 2 pr`pomso Omg`masoh (8??7-8??6), camacunhm ihjwh

ghro 8?.;21 rasp`mgam yhmb goparonsh tarmyhth 8:,1% cambhdhco bhmbbuhm nasajhthm
tadombh ghm pamgambhrhm. Uamgaroth `totos cagoh supurhtof nr`mon (@C[N)
caruphnhm
91% ghro pamgaroth yhmb ghthmb iar`iht go p`dondomon WJW ruchj shnot go
Omg`masoh gambhm pravhdamso hghdhj ;,: %.
@totos cagoh hnut iosh tarlhgo phgh sacuh usoh, tathpo phdomb saromb
gotacunhm phgh hmhn-hmhn taruthch usoh ; iudhm- ; thjum. [aihbhochmh jhdmyh
gambhm nalhgohm omfanso shdurhm parmhphshm hths (O[UH), `totos cagoh lubh
caruphnhm shdhj shtu pamyhnot dhmbbhmhm hmhn. Go Hcaronh [aronht,
goparnorhnhm 21% hmhn cambhdhco

satoghnmyh shtu apos`ga `totos cagoh saiaduc usoh tobh thjum ghm jhcpor satambhj ghro
caranh cambhdhcomyh tobh nhdo hthu daioj. Go Ombbros, satoghnmyh 91%
hmhn
cambhdhco comochd shtu apos`ga saiaduc usoh sapuduj thjum. Go mabhrh tarsaiut `totos
cagoh phdomb saromb tarlhgo phgh usoh ;-6 thjum. @CH saromb gogaroth `daj ihyo ghm
hmhn-hmhn, pamyaihimyh omfanso vorus hthu ihntaro. Uhgh pamyhnot ihwhhm,
saparto G`wm [ymgr`ca ghm hmhn gambhm hdarbo saromb tarlhgo. @totos cagoh
saiamhrmyh hghdhj gohbm`sh yhmb phdomb saromb golucpho phgh hmhn ‛ hmhn
go ihwhj usoh 81
thjum.
 Uhgh hmhn-hmhn sachnom sarombmyh tarsarhmb omfanso shdurhm parmhfhshm

hths, nacumbnomhm tarlhgo `totos cagoh hnut lubh sachnom saromb. Ihyo-ihyo yhmb go

ihwhj
 ucur 6 combbu kamgarumb cacpumyho omfanso-omfanso ghro narhbhchm ihntaro-ihntaro
yhmb iariagh ghdhc tadombh tambhj.

8.9 Yucushm Chshdhj

Iarghshrnhm urhohm phgh dhthr iadhnhmb go hths, chnh ghpht gorucusnhm

rucushm chshdhj saihbho iaronut <

8. Hph yhmb gochnsug gambhm @totos cagoh0

9. Ihbhochmh tarlhgomyh @totos cagoh0
;. Hph shlh ato`d`bo ghro @totos cagoh0
7. Ihbhochmh pht`foso`d`bo ghro @totos cagoh0
1. Hph shlh chmofasthso ndomos ghro @totos cagoh0
6. Hph shlh pacaronshhm gohbm`ston phgh pamgaroth @totos cagoh0
2. Ihbhochmh pamhthdhnshmhhm cagos ghro @totos cagoh

:. Ihbhochmh pamkabhjhm ghro @totos cagoh0

?. Ihbhochmh R@K @totos cagoh0
85. Ihbhochmh hsujhm Naparhwhthm @totos cagoh0

8.; Wuluhm Chnhdhj

Uaciuhthm chnhdhj omo iartuluhm umtun camombnhtnhm pambathjuhm
pamyusum ghdhc jhd hthu bhcihrhm pht`d`bo tamthmb pamyhnot @totos cagoh. [arth
umtun shdhj shtu syhrht ghdhc pamubhshm chnhdhj chth nudohj Naparhwhthm Cagonhd
Iaghj thjum hlhrhm 9581/9586
 IHI OO
NHLOHM
WA@YO
H.
Gafomoso

Wadombh hghdhj `rbhm pambomgarhhm gambhm fumbso bhmgh ghm n`cpdans

(pamgambhrhm ghm nasaocihmbhm). Hmht`comyh lubh shmbht rucot .Omgarh
pamgambhrhm iarparhm pamtomb phgh phrtosophso sasa`rhmb ghdhc hntovoths najoguphm
sajhro-jhro. [hmbht pamtomb umtun parnacihmbhm m`rchd ghm pacadojhrhhm iokhrh, ghm
nachcpuhm iarn`cumonhso gambhm
`rhmb dhom cadhduo iokhrh tarbhmtumb phgh nachcpuhm camgambhr.(Y`bar whts`m, 9559, 859)

@totos cagoh hghdhj parhghmbhm hnut hthu saduruj parokodouc tadombh tambhj.[hht

ihntaro cadhduo shdurhm austhkjous, ihntaro iosh camyaihinhm omfanso shdurhm tarsaiut.

[ajombbh
tarlhgodhj paciambnhnhm go sanothr shdurhm, cambhnoihtnhm tarsucihtmyh shdurhm.(Chmsl`ar,
9558, 26).

@totos Cagoh Hnut hghdhj suhtu omfanso phgh tadombh tambhj yhmb gosaihinhm
nhramh chsunmyh ihntaro pht`bamon na ghdhc tadombh tambhj ([cadtzar, 9558).
@totos Cagoh Hnut hghdhj parhghmbhm hnut saihbohm hthu saduruj paro`stauc tadombh
tambhj (Chmsl`ar, Hrof, 9558).
@totos cagoh hghdhj parhghmbhm saihbohm hthu saduruj cun`sh tadombh tambhj, tuih
austhkjous, hmtruc chst`og ghm sad-sad chst`og (Hjchg Cufto, 9551)

I. Hmht`co Foso`d`bo
[akhrh hmht`co tadombh goihbo camlhgo tobh ihbohm yhotu tadombh duhr, tambhj
ghm ghdhc.Ghdhc parnacihmbhmmyh tadombh ghdhc caruphnhm `rbhm yhmb parthch nhdo
tariamtun camkhpho n`mfomburhso ghm unurhm gawhsh phgh trocastar partambhjhm najhcodhm.
[aghmbnhm tadombh tambhj ghm duhr iaduc tariamtun sacpurmh shht nadhjorhm, hnhm
tuciuj tarus ghm iaruihj iamtun shcpho puiarths.

h) Wadombh ghdhc

Dhiorom cudho iargofaramsohso phgh hnjor combbu natobh gambhm cumkudmyh pdhn`gh
`ton (hugot`ro).Ghdhc whntu nurhmb ghro shtu combbu pdhn`gh tarsaiut cambhdhco omvhbomhso
caciamtun danun pamgambhrhm, nacugohm iargodhthso caciamtun suhru nhmt`mb, sadhmlutmyh
tuciuj camlhgo vasonudh hugot`rous.

[uhtu pr`sas cobrhso, partuciujhm ghm ad`mbhso vasonudh nacugohm iardhmbsumb ghm
sabarh caciuht dophthm phgh gomgomb nhmt`mb yhmb sakhrh ladhs caciaro ihths tobh govoso
uthch vasonudh hugot`rous yhotu shnus ghm guntus amg`docfhronus, utronudus gambhm guntus
saco sornudar ghm shnudus gambhm guntus n`ndah. Ghro utronudus nacugohm tociud tobh
t`ml`dhm corop badhmb.Dhposhm cacirhm yhmb lhuj ghro parofar badhmb gosarhp
camombbhdnhm tobh nhmhdos sacosornudhros phgh parofar badhmb. [hnudus nacugohm
caciamtun guntus n`ndahros iariamrun sporhd.[akhrh fod`bamaton `rbhm-`rbhm hnjor njusus
iarhshd ghro maur`chst yhmb toghn tardhposo yhmb iarnacihmb ghdhc nhmhdos sacosornudhros
umtun caciamtun nrosth. Go ghdhc utronudus ghm shnudus caciamtun chnudh ghm ghdhc
n`ndah caciamtun `rbhm`m n`oto.Gofaramsohso omo iardhmbsumb ghro combbu naamhc
shcpho na 85 fatus, phgh shht otu juiumbhm gafomotova saparfo tadombh `rhmb gawhsh tadhj
sohp.

i) Wadombh Duhr ghm Wambhj

Yuhmb tadombh tambhj, chst`og, parcunhhm ghdhc caciolhmh tocphmo

ghm tuih.Austhkjous iarhshd ghro nhmt`mb fhromb parthch.Uarnacihmbhm prbhm omo gocudho
phgh combbu naacpht ghm iardhmlut shcpho combbu na ;5 fatus, nakuhdo pmauchtoshso
chst`og yhmb tarus iarnacihmb shcpho puiarths.

@sonad iarhshd ghro cas`garc kadhj irhmnohd parthch ghm naguh, nakuhdo ihsos sthpas
yhmb iarhshd ghro nhpsud `ton.@sonad iarnacihmb cudho combbu nagadhphm shcpho camkhpho
iamtun- n`cpdat phgh combbu na 96 fatus.

Dohmb tadombh duhr iarhshd ghro ant`garc kadhj irhmnohd parthch.Cacirhmh tocphmo
cawhnodo cacirhm pamutup kadhj tarsaiut. Uhgh hwhdmyh dohmb tadombh duhr tartutup
shch sanhdo `daj suhtu sucihthm lhrombhm phght, hnhm tathpo hnhm cambhdhco ranhmhdoshso.

K. N`cpdonhso

8. Uarhghmbhm tadombh tambhj (`totos cagoh) yhmb toghn goiaro tarhpo sakhrhiamhr
ghm hganuht ghpht camyaihr na lhrombhm sanothr tadombh tambhjtarchsun na
`thn, mhcum omo lhrhmb tarlhgo satadhj hghmyh paciarohmhmtoio`ton.

9. Chst`ogotos

;. Najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm parchmam iodh @CH tathp toghn gothmbhmo

 7. Nasaocihmbhm tuiuj tarbhmbbu

1. Uarhghmbhm `thn
nalhmb

G. Ato`d`bo
8. Gosfumbso hthu sucihthm tuih austhkjous caruphnhm pamyaihi uthch ghro `totos
cagohyhmb camyaihinhm parthjhmhm tuiuj phgh sodoh cun`sh tuih austhkjous tarbhmbbu,
sajombbh pamkabhjhm omvhso nuchm na ghdhc tadombh tambhj lubh hnhm tarbhmbbu
9. O[UH (omfanso shdurhm parmhfhshm hths), omfdhchso lhrombhm go sanothrmyh
(coshd < somusotos, jopartr`fo hgam`og), hthu rahnso hdarbo (coshdnhm rjomotos hdarbonh).
Uhgh hmhn-hmhn, chnom saromb tarsarhmb O[UH, chnom iashr nacumbnomhm tarlhgomyh `totos
cagoh hnut (@CH). Uhgh ihyo, @CH goparcughj nhramh tuih austhkjousmyh pamgan, daihr, ghm
dathnmyh hbhn j`ros`mthd.
;. Ihntaro
Ihntaro yhmb ucuc gotacunhm saihbho conr``rbhmosca pamyaihi hghdhj [trapt`k`kkus
pauc`moha, Jhac`pjydus omfduamzh, C`rhxaddh khthrrjhdos, ghm ihntaro po`bamon dhom, saparto
[trapt`k`kkus jac`dytokus, [thpjyd`k`kkus huraus, A. k`do, Umauc`k`kkus vudbhros.

A. Whmgh Balhdh
8. @totos Cagoh
Hnut
Balhdh `totos cagoh ghpht iarvhrohso camurut iarhtmyh omfanso ghm iosh shmbht rombhm
ghm sacamthrh hthu shmbht iarht. Nahghhm omo iohshmyh umodhtarhd phgh `rhmb gawhsh.
Cacirhma tycpjhmo carhj, saromb cambbadaciumb thmph t`ml`dhm tudhmb yhmb ghpht
godojht, toghn iarbarhn phgh `t`sn`po pmauchtok ( paciarohm tanhmhm p`sotof hthu mabhtova
phgh tadombh tambhj gambhm omsudht`r ihd`m yhmb gonhotnhm na `t`sn`p ), ghpht
cambhdhco parf`rhso.
h. @t`rrjah, iodh tarlhgo ruptura cacirhma tycpjhmo i.
Nadujhm myaro tadombh ( `thdboh )
k. Gachc
g. Hm`ransoh
a. Docfhgam`phto sarvonhd hmtaro`r
[thgouc @totos Cagoh Hnut
 Uaruihjhm cun`sh tadombh tambhj saihbho hnoiht omfanso ghpht goihbo hths 1 sthgouc
yhotu<
8) [thgouc `nduso tuih austhnjous
Hghmyh bhcihrhm ratrhnso hnoiht tarlhgomyh tanhmhm mabhtova go ghdhc
tanhmhm tambhj, nhramh hghmyh his`ris ughrh. Afuso cumbnom tadhj tarlhgo, tathpo
toghn ghpht

gogatanso. [thgouc omo sunhr goiaghnhm gambhm @totos Cagoh [ar`sh yhmb gosaihinhm
`daj vorus hthu hdarbo.
9) [thgouc joparacasos (sthgouc prasupurhso)
[thgouc omo thcphn paciuduj gharhj yhmb cadaihr go cacirhma tocphmo hthu saduruj
cacirhma tocphmo thcphn joparacasos sarth agach. [akrat yhmb tadhj tariamtun
cumbnom chsoj iarsofht ansught yhmb sar`sh sajombbh sunhr tardojht.
;) [thgouc supurhso
Agach yhmb jaiht phgh cun`sh tadombh tambhj ghm jhmkurmyh sad apotad suparfokohd,
sarth tariamtunmyh ansught yhmb purudam go nhvuc tocphmo, camyaihinhm cacirhma

tocphmo cam`ml`d nah rhj dohmb tadombh duhr. Uhgh nahghhm omo phsoam thcphn
shnot, suju camombnht, rhsh myaro go tadombh iarthcihj jaiht. Hphiodh tanhmhm
mhmhj go
khvuc tocphmo toghn iarnurhmb, chnh tarlhgo oskjacoh hnoiht tanhmhm phgh nhpodar
ghm tociudmyh tr`ci`pjdaiotos phgh vamh nakod ghm manr`sos cun`sh, ghm suicun`sh.
Manr`sos tardojht saihbho gharhj yhmb daioj dacian ghm iarwhrmh nanumombhm ghm go
tacpht omo hnhm tarlhgo ruptur.
7) [thgouc parf`rhso
Hnoiht tardhcihtmyh paciarohm hmtoio`tonh hthu vorudamso nuchm yhmb tombbo, chnh
ghpht tarlhgo ruptur cacirhm tocphmo ghm mhmhj naduhr cambhdor ghro tadombh tambhj

na dohmb tadombh duhr, phgh nahghhm omo hmhn yhmb thgomyh badoshj camlhgo
tamhmb, suju ihghm turum ghm hmhn togur myamyhn. Nahghhm omo gosaiut @totos
Cagoh Hnut [thgouc
Uarf`rhso.
1) [thgouc ras`duso
Iodh cacirhm tocphmo utuj chnh pardhjhm-dhjhm hnhm m`rchd nacihdo, iodh sughj
parf`rhso chnh sakrat hnhm iarnurhmb ghm hnjormyh naromb. Iodh ghyh thjhmc
tuiuj ihon hthu vorudamso nuchm ragh, chnh ras`duso ghpht tarlhgo, whdhupum
thmph pamb`ihthm.
9. @totos Cagoh [ar`sh
 Uhsoam cumbnom cambaduj najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm, rhsh pamuj hthu bhthd ghdhc
tadombh hthu parhshhm iamgumbhm, hthu ihjnhm suhrh datup hthu iargaron, yhmb tarlhgo
natonh tuih austhkjoo iarushjh caciunh.Cacirhma tycpjhmo thcphn nushc (whrmh numomb
ragup shcpho hiu-hiu phgh `t`sn`po pmauchton, ghm ghpht tardojht badaciumb ughrh ghdhc
tadombh tambhj.Hugo`brhc iohshmyh camumlunnhm hghmyh najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm
n`mguntof.

;. @totos Cagoh
Nr`mon
Balhdh ghpht comochd, gambhm iarihbho garhlht najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm ghm targhpht
`t`rrjah omtarcottam hthu parsostam yhmb iarihu iusun. Iohshmyh toghn hgh myaro nakuhdo phgh
nhsus chst`ogotos hnut, gochmh gharhj p`st huronudar camlhgo myaro tanhm ghm ihjnhm carhj
ghm agach. N`dastaht`ch, samgoro iohshmyh toghn camyaihinhm myaro. Avhduhso `t`sn`pon
cacirhma tocphmo cacpardojhtnhm hghmyh parf`rhso, ghm n`dastaht`ch ghpht tardojht saihbho
chsh putoj go iadhnhmb cacirhma tocphmo hthu naduhr na nhmhdos anstarmh cadhduo duihmb
parf`rhso. N`dastaht`ch ghpht lubh toghn tardojht phgh pacaronshhm `daj hjdo `t`sn`po. Jhsod

hugo`catrok phgh nhsus n`dastaht`ch saromb cacpardojhtnhm najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm

n`mguntof hthu khcpurhm.
N`cpdonhso yhmb tarlhgo
<
8) [unhr camyaciuj
9) Kapht nhciuj nacihdo satadhj myaro tadombhh iarnurhmb
;) Natudohm sacamthrh hthu camathp
7) Uamyaihrhm omfanso na struntur sanothrmyh yhmb camyaihinhm chst`ogotos
hnut, naducpujhm shrhf fhkohdos, n`cpdonhso omtrhkrhmohd(camombotos, hisas `thn), tjr`ci`sos
somus dhtarhdos.

F. Uht`foso`d`bo
Uhgh bhmbbuhm omo iohshmyh tarlhgo gosfumbso tuih austhkjoo saparto `istrunso
yhmb gohnoihtnhm `daj omfanso shdurhm mhfhs hths, sajombbh tociud tanhmhm mabhtova
go tadombh tambhj. [aihdonmyh, targhpht bhmbbuhm grhomhsa khorhm tadombh tambhj
ghm nacumbnomhm rafduns sanraso as`pjhbus na gharhj omo yhmb sakhrh m`rchd iarsofht
starod.Khrh chsun ihntaro phgh naihmyhnhm phsoam nacumbnomhm cadhduo tuih austhkjoo
hnoiht n`mthcomhso sakrat ghdhc mhs`fhromb.Ihntaro lubh ghpht chsun tadombh tambhj
iodh hgh parf`rhso cacirhm tycpjhmo.Ansught purudam iohshmyh hgh ghdhc tadombh tambhj
ghm cambhnoihtnhm najodhmbhm
pamgambhrhm
n`mguntof.
 R@K @CH

@CH hghdhj suhtu omfanso phgh tadombh tambhj yhmb gosaihinhm nhramh
chsunmyh ihntaro pht`bamon na ghdhc tadombh tambhj ([cadtzar,9558).

AWO@D@B
O

Ihntaro pht`bamon Hdarbo

Bhmbbuhm rhsh
Camyarhmb myhchm (myaro) i.g [ucihthm phgh tuih
mhs`fhromb ghm austhkjous
pr`sas parhghmbhm
fhromb

Amzoc padomgumb
O[UH ghm iudu-iudu jhdus
toghn iarfumbso

paciambnhnhm myar
o Ihntaro ghpht chsun
shdurhm
austhkjous cadhduo shdurhm
mhphs

O[UH

Damgor ghm Wanhmhm

mhmhj camom khorhm
nht camombnht
 RR@@KK @@CCNN
@CN hghdhj omfanso nr`mon go tadombh tambhj gambhm parf`rchso cacirhma tocphmo
ghm sakrat
BB.. yhmb naduhr ghro tadombh
CChhmmooffaasstthhssoo tambhj sakhrh tarus-camarus hthu jodhmb tociud.
NNddoommooss
[[aakkhhrrhh uuccuucc bbaallhhddhh [anrat
hhmmhhnn
cumbnom amkar hthu namthd> iamomb
ggaammbbhhmm @@CCHH,, yyhhoottuu hthu
<<iaruph mhmhj ([yhcsujoghlht,8??
2).
 mmyyaarroo ttaaddoommbbhh

 nnaadduuhhrrmmyyhh kkhhoorrhhmm gghhrroo ttaaddoommbbhh

 iiaarrnnuurrhhmmbbmmyyhh ppaammggaammbbhhrrhhmm

Uamb`ihthmggaacchhcc

Omfanso vorus hthu ihntaro Bhmbbuhm fumbso
@CH yhmb ssuuddoott cchhnnhhmm
 tuih austhkjous
toghn hganuht
ccuuhhdd gghhmm ccuummtthhjj

tarlhgo phgh mhs`fhromb
Coshd hghmyh sucihthm
 rroowwhhyyhhtt ccaammhhrroonn--mmhhrroonn gghhuumm ttaaddoommbbhh pphhgghh iihhyyoo
Uarf`rhso yhmb sughj phgh tuih austhkjous
[[aaddhhoomm oottuu,, nnaahhgghhhhmm oommoo iioohhsshhmmyyhh uummooddhhttaarrhhdd pphhgghh
tariamtun
``rrhhmmbb ggaawwhhsshh,, yyhhoottuu << austhkjous
cadhduo tuih
Amzoc padomgumb
 @@tt``rrrrjjaahh,, iiooddhh ttaarrllhhggoo rruuppttuurr ccaacciirrhhmm ttooccpphhmmoo
ghm iudu-iudu jhdus
NaduhrmyhNNaadduujjhhmm
 sakrat tarus- mmyyaarroo ttaaddoommbbhh
Camyarhmb ((``tthhddbboohh)) toghn iarfumbso
camarus tadombh tambhj

GGaacchhcc
HHmm``rraannssoohh Ihntaro ghpht chsun
@toCag iarudhmb

Omfdhchso
Cadhduo paf`rhso cadhduo shdurhm
go
DDooccffhhggaamm``pphhttoo ssaarrvvoonnhhdd hhmmttaarroo``rr

cacirhma tocphmo mhphs
 UUhhssooaamm ccuummbbnnoomm
tadombh ccaammbbaadduujj nnaajjooddhhmmbbhhmm
@CN tambhj
ppaammggaammbbhhrrhhmm,, rrhhsshh ppaammuujj hhtthhuu bbhhtthhdd

gghhddhhcc ttaaddoommbbhh hhtthhuuOmfdhchs O[UH

ppaarrhhsshhhhmm iiaammgguummbbhhmm,,
o
Uaruihjhm parsapso
hhtthhuu iihhjjnnhhmm ssuuhhrrhh ddaattuupp hhtthhuu iiaarrggaarroonn,, yyhhmmbb
sams`ro i.g omfanso Bhmb
ttaarrllhhggoo nnaattoonnhh buhm
ttuuiihh AAuusstthhkkjjoouuss iiaarruusshhjjhh
go tadombh tambhj gachc
n`cu myaro
ccaacciiuunnhh.. monh
so
 CCaacciirrhhmm ttooccpphhmmoo ccaarrhhjj,, hhtthhuu tthhccpphhnn nnuusshhcc
Myaro i.g pr`sas
((wwhhrrmmhh nnuummoommbb rraagguupp sshhccpphhoo hhiiuu--hhiiuu parhghmbhm
pphhgghh
``tt``ssnn``ppoo ppmmaauucchhttoonn)) ssaarroommbb
 W mhm
Uaciambnhnhm shdurhm austhkjous a khorhm
n camom Car`ian bamghmb
h bnht
i.g afan najodhmbhm Najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm tadombh

pmauchton (paciarohm tanhmhm p`sotof hthu mabhtof phgh tadombh tambhj gambhm
omsudht`r ihd`m yhmb gonhotnhm na `t`sn`p), ghm ghpht cambhdhco parf`rhso.

Uarihmgombhm bhcihrhm ndomos < `totos anstarmh hnut ghm `totos cagoh hnut

Bhcihrhm @totos Antarmh Hnut @totos cagoh hnut

@t`rah Cumbnom hgh cumbnom Hgh iodh cacirhmh
toghn tocphmo iarduihmb > khorhm
ihmyhn naduhr

@thdboh Uarsostam, shchpho Jodhmb natonh cacirhmh

cacihmbumnhm pamgaroth tocphmo ruptur
gochdhc jhro

Myaro tanhm hurhd Hgh phgh phdphso huronudh Iohshmyh toghn hgh

Balhdh sostacon Whn hgh Gachc, omfanso shdurhm mhphs

hths, romotos
Agach nhmhdos hugot`rous Hgh Whn hgh
anstarmus

Cacirhmh tocphmo Whcphn m`rchd Arotach,

cambbadaciumb, ghpht
cambhdhco parf`rhso

Najodhmbhm pamgambhrhm Wopa n`mguntof Wopa n`mguntof

J. Uamhthdhnshmhhm
8. Iarghshrnhm sthgouc
8.8 [thgouc @nduso. Iartuluhm umtun caciunh tuih austhkjous. Goiaronhm `iht tatas jogumb.
8.8.8 JKd Afagrom 5,1% ghdhc dhruthm foso`d`bon umtun hmhn 489 thjum
8.8.9 JKd Afagrom 8% ghdhc dhruthm foso`d`bon umtun hmhn =89 thjum hthu gawhsh.
8.8.; [uciar omfanso lubh jhrus go`ihto gambhm caciaronhm hmtoio`ton.
8.9 [thgouc Urasupurhso. Goiaronhm hmtoio`ton, `iht tatas jogumb, ghm hmhdbaton.
Hmtoio`ton goiaronhm comochd sadhch 2 jhro. Iodh cacirhm tocphmo sughj
 joparaco gofus, saihonmyh godhnunhm coromb`t`co. Qmtun tarhpo hwhd, goiaronhm
pamosodom OC hbhr n`msamtrhsomyh hganuht ghdhc ghrhj.
8.9.8 Hcposodom 7 x 15-855 cb/NbII
8.9.9 Hc`nsosodom 7 x 75 cb/NbII/jhro
8.9.; Arotr`cosom 7 x 75 cb/NbII/jhro
8.; [thgouc [upurhso. Uhsoam jhrus gorulun umtun godhnunhm coromb`t`co iodh
cacirhm tocphmo chsoj utuj. [adhom otu, hmhdbason lubh gopardunhm hbhr myaro
ghpht iarnurhmb.
8.7 [thgouc Uarf`rhso. Goiaronhm `iht kuko tadombh J9@9 ;% sadhch ;-1 jhro sarth
hmtoio`ton yhmb hganuht shcpho ; combbu.
8.1 [thgouc Yas`duso. Iohshmyh hnhm thcphn sanrat naduhr. Uhgh nahghhm omo ghpht
godhmlutnhm hmtoio`ton shcpho ; combbu, mhcum iodh chsoj naduhr sanrat gogubh
tadhj tarlhgo chst`ogotos. Uhgh sthgouc omo, jhrus go f`dd`w up sadhch 8 shcpho ;
iudhm umtun cachstonhm toghn tarlhgo `totos cagoh sar`sh.
9. Womghnhm
9.8 Wocphm`somtasos
Womghnhm gambhm khrh cambhciod khorhm ghro tadombh tambhj
gambhm cambbumhnhm lhruc umtun pacaronshhm conr`io`d`bo. Yoson` ghro pr`sagur
omo hghdhj parf`rhso nr`mon cacirhm tocphmo, gosd`nhso tudhmb-tudhmb
pamgambhrhm, ghm tudo sams`romaurhd trhuchton, dhsarhso marvus fhsohdos hthu
n`rgh tocphmo. Wocphm`somtasos caruphnhm pr`sagur yhmb omvhsof, ghpht
camociudnhm myaro, ghm iarp`tamso camociudnhm ihjhyh saihbho pamhthdhnshmhhm
rutom.
9.9 Coromb`t`co
Womghnhm omsoso phgh cacirhm tocphmo umtun grhomhsa khorhm ghro
tadombh tambhj. Uhgh coromb`t`co godhnunhm paciaghjhm nakod go nuhgrhm
p`staro`r-

omfaro`r cacirhm tocphmo. Qmtun tomghnhm omo gopardunhm dhcpu naphdh

yhmb tarhmb, k`r`mb tadombh yhmb sasuho, ghm poshu njusus (coromb`t`c) gambhm
unurhm
nakod ghm starod. Omgonhso umtun coromb`t`co hghdhj targhphtmyh
n`cpdonhso supurhtof, `thdboh iarht, bhbhd gambhm tarhpo hmtoio`ton, phsoam
ocum`n`cpr`cos, ma`mhtus, ghm phsoam yhmb gorhwht go umot parhwhthm omtamsof.

O. Uacaronshhm Uamumlhmb
Ghdhc camabhnnhm gohbm`sos @CH targhpht tobh jhd yhmb jhrus goparjhtonhm<
8. Uamyhnot cumkud sakhrh camghghn (hnut)
9. Gotacunhm thmgh afuso phgh tadombh tambhj, gambhm thmgh< cambbaciumbmyh

cacirhm tocphmo(iudbomb), tarihths hthu toghn hghmyh barhnhm cacirhm tocphmo,

 hghmyh ihyhmbhm khorhm goiadhnhmb cacirhm tocphmo, ghm hghmyh khorhm
yhmb naduhr ghro tadombh.
;. Warghpht thmgh hthu balhdh parhghmbhm phgh tadombh tambhj, gambhm thmgh<
nacarhjhm phgh cacirhm tocphmo, hghmyh myaro tadombh yhmb cambbhmbbu togur
ghm hntovoths
Iaronut pacaronshhm pamumlhmb yhmb ghpht gobumhnhm<
o. @t`sn`po
Hghdhj pacaronshhm tadombh gambhm cambbumhnhm `t`sn`p taruthch umtun
cadojht bamghmb tadombh. Uhgh `t`sn`po goghphtnhm jhsod hghmyh bamghmb
tadombh yhmb cambbaciumb, paruihjhm whrmh bamghmb tadombh camlhgo nacarhjhm
hthu hbhn numomb ghm surhc, sarth khorhm go dohmb tadombh
oo. @t`sn`p Umauchtok
Caruphnhm hdht pacaronshhm ihbo cadojht c`iodoths cacirhm tocphmo phsoam
tarjhghp tanhmhm yhmb goiaronhm. Cacirhma tocphmo m`rchd hnhm iarbarhn
hphiodh goiarotanhmhm. Cacirhma tocphmo yhmb toghn iarbarhn ghpht gosaihinhm
`daj hnucudhso khorhm goghdhc tadombh tambhj, parf`rhso hthu tocphm`sndar`sos.
Uacaronshhm omo camombnhtnhm samsotovoths gohbm`sos @CH. Mhcum
ucucmyh gohbm`sos @CH ghpht gotabhnnhm gambhm `t`sn`p iohsh
ooo. Wocphm`catro
Qmtun cambn`mforchso pamacuhm `t`sn`po pmauchton godhnunhm
tocphm`catro. Wocphm`catro ghpht cacaronsh sakhrh `ilantof c`iodoths cacirhm tocphmo
ghm rhmtho tudhmb pamgambhrhm. Wocphm`catro caruphnhm n`mforchso pamtomb
targhphtmyh khorhm go tadombh tambhj.Wocphm`catro lubh ghpht cambunur tanhmhm
tadombh tambhj ghm gambhm cughj camodho phtamso thiumb coromb`t`co gambhm
cambunur pamombnhthm v`duca dohmb tadombh duhr.Wocphm`catro pumyh

samsotovoths ghm spasofosoths 25-?5% umtun gatanso khorhm tadombh tambhj,

tathpo tarbhmtumb narlhshch phsoam.Uacaronshhm godhnunhm jhmyh gambhm
camacpadnhm
suciht na dohmb tadombh sadhch iaiarhph gaton, ghm hdht hnhm sakhrh `t`chtos
camgatanso nahghhm tadombh ihbohm tambhj.

ov. Wocphm`somtasos
Wocphm`somtasosgoonuto hsporhso ghm nudtur khorhm ghro tadombh
tambhj, iarchmfhht phgh phsoam yhmb bhbhd gotarhpo gambhm iarihbho
hmtoio`tonh, hthu phgh ocum`gafosoamso. Wocphm`somtasos caruphnhm
pumbso phgh cacirhm tocphmo, gambhm hmhdbasoh d`nhd umtun
camghphtnhm sanrat gambhm tuluhm

pacaronshhm ghm umtun camumlunnhm hghmyh khorhm go tadombh tambhj ghm

umtun cambogamtofonhso pht`bam yhmb spasofon.
 v. Qlo
Yomma
Was pamgambhrhm umtun cacihmgombnhm jhmthrhm tudhmb ghm jhmthrhm
ughrh tadombh phsoam.
Dhmbnhj
<
Whmbnho pamhdh gobathrnhm dhdu gotacpadnhm phgh pr`sasus chst`og
(jhmthrhm tudhmb) jombbh iumyo toghn dhbo targarmbhr. Uamhdh nacugohm
gopomghjnhm na gaphm tadombh sanothr 9,1 kc. Iodh chsoj targambhr gosaiut Yomma
p`sotof (+), iodh toghn targambhr gosaiut Yomma mabhtof (-)
vo. Qlo Raiiar
Was pamgambhrhm umtun cacihmgombnhm jhmthrhm tudhmb tadombh noro
gambhm tadombh nhmhm.
Dhmbnhj
<
Uamhdh gobathrnhm ghm thmbnho pamhdh godathnnhm go bhros tambhj naphdh
(go vartans, ghjo, phmbnhd jogumb, go tambhj-tambhj bobo saro hthu ghbu).
Hphiodh iumyo pamhdh targambhr daioj narhs phgh shdhj shtu tadombh
gosaiut Raiar dhtarhdoshso na tadombh tarsaiut. Iodh toghn ghpht goiaghnhm na hrhj
tadombh chmh iumyo targambhr daioj narhs gosaiut Raiar toghn hgh dhtarhdoshso
voo. Qlo [whihkj
Was pamgambhrhm umtun cacihmgombnhm jhmthrhm tudhmb `rhmb
yhmb goparonsh gambhm pacaronsh yhmb pamgambhrhmmyh m`rchd.
Dhmbnhj
<
Uamhdh gobathrnhm, thmbnho pamhdh godathnnhm phgh pr`sasus chst`ogaus shcpho
toghn targambhr iumyo. Nacugohm thmbnho pamhdh sabarh gopomghjnhm
phgh pr`sasus chst`ogaus tadombh pacaronsh yhmb pamgambhrhmmyh m`rchd.
Iodh pacaronsh chsoj ghpht camgambhr gosaiut [kjwhihkj cacamgan, iodh pacaronsh

toghn ghpht camgambhr, pacaronshhm goudhmb gambhm khrh saihdonmyh yhotu

pamhdh godathnnhm phgh pr`sasus chst`ogaus pacaronsh daioj gudu. Iodh phsoam
chsoj
ghpht camgambhr iumyo gosaiut [kjwhihkj cachmlhmb ghm iodh phsoam ghm
pacaronsh norh-norh shch-shch camgambhrmyh gosaiut gambhm [kjwhihkj shch
gambhm pacaronsh.

L. N`cpdonhso

Camurut Laffray U. Jhrros ghm Ghvog J. Ghrr`w cacihbo n`cpdonhso omo camlhgo guh
yhotu <
H. N`cpdonhso omtrhnrhmohd cadoputo<
8. Camombotos
 Camombotos ghpht tarlhgo gosatohp shht ghdhc parlhdhmhm n`cpdonhso
omfanso tadombh. Lhdhm pamyaihrhm yhmb iohsh tarlhgo yhotu cadhduo
pamyaihrhm dhmbsumb, lhrhmb cadhduo tr`ci`fdaiotos. Uhgh whntu nuchm
camyarhmb iohshmyh strapt`n`nnus, pmauc`n`nnus, hthu sthfod`n`nnus hthu
nuchm yhmb daioj lhrhmb J. Omfduamzh, n`dof`rc, hthu po`n`nus,
cambomvhso ruhmb sui

hrhkjm`og, poh-hrhkjm`og iarahnso gambhm cambhghnhm ansughso khorhm

sar`sh yhmb camyaihinhm pamombnhthm rombhm tanhmhm khorhm spomhd.
9. Hisas suigurhd
Hisas suigurhd caruphnhm sthgouc supurhso ghro panocamombotos
omtarmh. [anhrhmb sughj lhrhmb gotacunhm. Iodh tarlhgo jhrus gohmbbhp
nahghhm bhwht ghrurht iaghj shrhf, nhramh jhrus camghphtnhm paciaghjhm
sabarh umtun camkabhj nachtohm.
;. Hisas anstrhgurhd
Hisas anstrhgurhd ohdhj tarnucpudmyh mhmhj gohmthrh gurhcatar ghm
tudhmb

yhmb camutupo r`mbbh chst`og hthu tadombh tambhj. Hisas anstrhgurhd lonh
toghn tarthmbhmo gambhm ihon ghpht camyaihinhm camombotos, tr`ci`sos somus
sobc`og ghm hisas `thn (d`ius tacp`rhd hthu saraiadhr, tarbhmtumb phgh soso yhmb
tarnamh.
7. Wr`ci`sos somus dhtarhdos
[alhdhm gambhm pr`brasofoths omfanso, tr`cius cambhdhco pardushm ratr`brhg
nagharhj vamh lubudhr, cadomthso somus patr`sus jombbh na gharhj
somus khvarm`sus. N`cpdonhso omo saromb gotacunhm phgh zhchm prh-
hmtoio`ton, tathpo nomo sughj lhrhmb tarlhgo.

1. Hisas `thn
[aihbho n`cpdonhso `totos cagoh ghm chst`ogotos, hisas `thn ghpht tociud go
saraiadduc go f`ssh nrhmoo p`staro`r, hthu phgh d`ius tacp`rhd go f`ssh nrhmoo
cagoh. Hisas `thn iohshmyh tariamtun saihbho parduhshm dhmbsumb omfanso
tadombh hthu tr`ci`fdaiotos.
6. Jogr`safhdus `totos
Nadhomhm omo iaruph pamombnhthm tanhmhm omtrhnrhmohd gambhm tacuhm
khorhm sarair`spomhd yhmb m`rchd. Uhgh pacaronshhm targhpht agach phpod.
Nahghhm omo ghpht camyartho `totos cagoh hnut hthu nr`mos.
I. N`cpdonhso omtrhtacp`rhd cadoputo <
 8. Fhkohd phrhdosos
9. Dhioromtotos
;. Hisas [uiparo`stahd

N. Uamkabhjhm @totos Cagoh

Iaiarhph jhd yhmb thcphnmyh ghpht camburhmbo roson` @CH hghdhj<
8. Uamkabhjhm O[UH phgh ihyo ghm hmhn-hmhn.
9. Uaciarohm H[O comochd sadhch 6 iudhm.
;. Uambjomghrhm paciarohm susu go i`t`d shht hmhn iarihromb.
7. Uambjomghrhm phlhmhm tarjhghp hshp r`n`n.
1. Iaramhmb nacumbnomhm iashr toghn camombnhtnhm roson` @CH.

D. Hsujhm Naparhwhthm @totos Cagoh

8. Uambnhlohm

h. Ogamtoths ndoam
i. Yowhyht nasajhthm
8. Yowhyht nasajhthm ghjudu
Hphnhj hgh naiohshhm iaramhmb, hphnhj parmhj camgaroth bhmbbuhm
pamgambhrhm (nhphm, iarhph dhch, pamb`ihthm hph yhmb godhnunhm,
ihbhochmh naiohshhm caciarsojnhm tadombh, nahghhm dombnumbhm tamhm,
gharhj omgustro, gharhj p`duso), hphnhj rowhyht phgh hmbb`th naduhrbh.
9. Yowhyht nasajhthm sanhrhmb

nhlo nadujhm nasajhthm yhmb gorhshnhm phsoam phgh shht go hmhcmash,

[aparto pamlhihrhm ghro rowhyht hghmyh nadhomhm myaro yhmb gorhshnhm.
;. Yowhyht nasajhthm naduhrbh
Cambnhlo hgh hthu toghn shdhj shtu naduhrbh yhmb cambhdhco pamyhnot yhmb
shch. Hgh hthu toghnmyh rowhyht omfanso shdurhm pamgambhrhm yhmb
iarudhmb ghm rowhyht hdarbo phgh naduhrbh.
k. Uacaronshhm foson
8. Nahghhm ucuc ndoam
h. Naphdh
 Dhnunhm Omspanso,phdphso,parnuso ghm go gharhj tadombh,gambhm
cambbumhnhm samtar hthupum hdht-hdht dhom myh hphnhj hgh khorhm
yhmb naduhr ghro tadombh,ihbhochmh whrmh, ihu, ghm lucdhj.hphnhj hgh
thmgh-thmgh rhghmb.
i. Nhlo hghmyh myaro phgh tadombh
k. Dajar, Nhlo hghmyh paciashrhm nadamlhr docfa go gharhj dajar

g. Ghgh / tj`rhn
a. Lhmtumb
f. Uarut / hig`cam
b. Bamot`uromhroh
j. Anstracoths
o. [ostac omtabucam
l. [ostac maur`d`bo
n. Ghth p`dh naiohshhm sajhro-jhro
g. Mutroso

Ihbhochmh p`dh chnhm ghm comuc ndoam phgh shht sajht ghm shnot,hphnhj hgh
pariaghhm n`msucso goot myh.
a. Adocomhso
Nhlo conso,ghm gafanhso
ndoam
f. Hntovoths sajhro-jhro ghm parhwhthm goro
Iohshmyh ndoam gambhm bhmbbuhm `totos cagoh omo,hbhn sushj umtn
iarn`cumonhso gambhm `rhmb dhom nhramh hgh bhmbbuhm phgh tadombh myh
sajombbh oh nurhmb camgambhr/nurhmb myhciumb tamthmb hph yhmb go iokhrhnhm
`rhmb dhom.
b. Uacaronshhm gohbm`ston

8. Was Hugo`catro < HK camurum

9. Z rhy < tarjhghp n`mgoso pht`d`bo
;. Was iarioson
7. Was bhrpu
thdh

9. Gohbm`sh Naparhwhthm
h. Gohbm`sh @totos cagoh hnut
8. Bhmbbuhm rhsh myhchm (myaro) iarjuiumbhm gambhm pr`sas parhghmbhm phgh

tadombh tambhj
9. Bhmbbuhm omtarhnso s`sohd iarjuiumbhm gambhm afan najodhmbhm
pamgambhrhm.
 ;. Bhmbbuhm parsapso/sams`ros iarjuiumbhm gambhm `istrunso, omfanso go
tadombh tambhj hthu narushnhm go syhrhf pamgambhrhm
7. Hmsoaths iarjuiuhmbhm gamhbm pr`sagur `parhso, gohbm`sos, pr`bm`sos,
hmastaso, myaro, jodhmbmyh fumbso, nacumbnomhm pamurumhm
pamgambhrhm daioj iashr satadhj `parhso.

;. Omtarvamso
M Gohbm`sh Naparhwhthm Duhrhm ghm nrotaroh Omtarvamso ([ONO)
jhsod
@ ([DNO)

8 Bhmbbuhm rhsh [atadhj godhnunhm h. @isarvhso <

myhchm tomghnhm naparhwhthm  Dhnunhm pambnhlohm yhmb n`cpraja
(myaro) sadhch ; x 97 lhc chnh
cadoputo d`nhso, nhrhntaroston, hwothm ghm
iarjuiumbhm myaro camurum gambhm gur franuamso, omtamsoths, nuhdoths hthu
naphrh
gambhm pr`sas Nrotaroh Jhsod< Camumlunnhm
myaro ghm fhkt`r prasopothsomyh.
parhghmbhm phgh Wombnht Myaro yhmb
 Dhnunhm pacaronshhhm WWV
tadombh tambhj goiuntonhm `daj omgokht`r
i. Warhpauton
saihbho iaronut (saiutnhm 8-
 Bumhnhm pamganhthm yhmb p`sotof
1 < shmbht iarht, iarht, saghmb,
um camb`ptochdnhm rasp`m phsoam
rombhm hthu toghn hgh) <
tarjh hmhdbason.
 Anspraso myaro phgh
 Bumhnhm pamganhthm yhmb camamhmbnhm
whlhj
 Badoshj/ natabhmbhm

Myhthnhm gambhm ladhs jhrhphm tarjhghp
pad phsoam
`t`t
 Ladhsnhm sacuh pr`sagur ghm hph y
 Gurhso apos`ga myaro
gorhshnhm sadhch pr`sagur
 Caromtoj ghm camhmbos
 Wachmo phsoam umtun caciaronhm nahch
 Badoshj
ghm camburhmbo thnut
k. Agunhso

 Ihmtu phsoam cambamhd sotuhso

y camociudnhm nakachshm


G`r`mb phsoam umtun cambumbnhp
 parhshm ,nathnuthm,parsapso

 Omstrunsonhm phsoam cambbumhnhm

tan radhnshso

 Omf`rchsonhm naphgh phsoam tamthmb

pr`sa yhmb ghpht camombnhtnhm myaro
ghm thwhr
9 Bhmbbuhm [atadhj godhnunhm
strhtabo n`pomb yhmb
omtarhnhso s`sohd tomghnhm naparhwhthm goshrhmnhm. h. @isarvhso
iarjuiumbhm sadhch ; x 97  Ogamtofonhso nachcpuhm
gambhm afan lhc chnh omtarhnhso iaromtanr gambhm `rhmb dhom.
najodhmbhm s`sohd
pamgambhrh camombnht gambhm  Ogamtofonhso jhcihthm cadhnunhm
m Nrotaroh
omtarh gambhm `rhmb dhom
Jhsod<
i. Warhpauton
 Uarhshhm myhchm
 C`tovhso camombnhtnhm ntardoihthm
gambhm sotuhso s`sohd
ghd suhtu juiumbhm
 Uarhshhm cughj
cambn`cumonhsonhm 
C`tovhso iarphrtosopso ghdhc nabohthm i
parhshhhm ghm nad`cp`n
 Comht cadhnunhm n`mthn  C`tovhso omtarhnso go duhr dombnumbhm
foson  Gosnusonhm paramkhmhh nabohthm
 Yasp`msof naphgh `rhmb c gaphm
dhom k. Agunhso
 Hmlurnhm iaromtanrhso gambhm
`rhmb d sakhrh iartjhp

 Hmlurnhm onut sarth nabohthm s`sohd

 Hmlurnhm iarihbo pambhdhchm gam

`rhmb dhom

; Bhmbbuhm [atadhj godhnunhm iosonhm

parsapso sams`ros tomghnhm naparhwhthm  Gost`rso sams`ro

iarjuiumbhm gmabhm sadhch ; x 97 lhc chnh

`istrunso, omfanso go Bhmbbuhm parsapso sams`ros
tadombh tambhj hthu camurum gambhm Nrotaroh
narushnhm go shrhf Jhsod cacihonmyh <
pamgambhrhm.  Varihdoshso camgambhr
h. @isarvhso

 Uaronsh sthtus

camthd,sthtus sams`ro,
tombnht namyhchmhm
i. Warhpauton

 Gosnusonhm tombnht
t`darhmhso tarjh iaihm
sams`ro


Ihthso stocudus dombnumhbm
  Uarodhnu  Lhgwhdnhm hntovoths jhrohm ghm
jhdusomhso
ostorhjht. k. Agunhso
 N`msamtrhso
 Hlhrnhm khrh camocodhsoshsonhm stocud
 @roamthso
(camburhmbo naiosombhm)
 Fumbso sams`ro

7 Hmsoaths iarjuiuhmbhm [atadhj godhnunhm h. @isarvhso

gambhm pr`sagur `parhso, tomghnhm naparhwhthm  Ogamtofohnso shht tombnht hmsoaths
sadhch ; x 97 iaruihj
gohbm`sos, pr`bm`sos,
lhc chnh Hmsoaths camurum  Ogamtofonhso nachcpuhm cambhc
hmastaso,
gambhm Nrotaroh Jhsod < naputushm
myaro, jodhmbmyh
fumbso, nacumbnomhm  Varihdoshso  C`mot`r thmgh hmsoaths

pamurumhm naiombumbh i. Warhpauton

pamgambhrhm daioj m k. Kopthnhm suhshmh tarhpauton

iashr satadhj `parhso.  Varihdoshso njhwhtor um camuciunhm naparkhyhhhm

hnoiht n`mgoso  Wacphtnhm ihrhmb proihgo

yhmb gojhghpo gam caciaronhm namyhchmhm

 Uardhnu badoshj  C`tovhso cambogamtofonhso sotuhso

 Uarodhnu tabhmb y cacoku nakachshm

 N`msamtrhso camombnht  Bumhnhm pamganhthm yhmb tamhmb

 U`dh togur cacihon Agunhso

 Omf`rchsonhm sakhrh hntuhd pamb`ihthm

 Hmlurnhm naduhrbh tathp iarshhch phsoam

 Woghn cadhnunhm nabothm yhmb

to n`cpatotof

 Hmlurnhm cambumbnhpnhm
parhshhm parsapso

 Dhtoj tanomon radhnshso

7.Ocpdacamthso Naparhwhthm

Camurut Uhtrokoh H. U`ttar (9551), Ocpdacamthso caruphnhm padhnshmhhm ghro ramkhmh

tomghnhm naparhwhthm yhmb tadhj gosusum / gotacunhm, yhmb iartuluhm umtun
cacamujo naiutujhm phsoam sakhrh `ptochd ghpht tardhnshmh gambhm ihon godhnunhm `daj
phsoam otu samgoro hthupum parhwht sakhrh chmgoro ghm lubh ghpht ianarlhshch gambhm
hmbb`th toc
nasajhthm dhommyh saparto hjdo bozo ghm foso`tarhpos. Uarhwht cacodoj omtarvamso
naparhwhthm yhmb hnhm goiaronhm naphgh phsoam.
Iaronut omo cat`ga ghm dhmbnhj parsohphm umtun camkhpho tuluhm hsujhm naparhwhthm yhmb
ghpht godhnunhm `daj parhwht <

8. Cachjhco ramkhmh naparhwhthm yhmb tadhj gotamtunhm

9. Camyohpnhm tamhbh ghm hdht yhmb gopardunhm
;. Camyohpnhm dombnumbhm tarhpauton
7. Cacihmtu ghdhc cadhnunhm hntovoths najoguphm sajhro-jhro
1. Caciaronhm hsujhm naparhwhthm dhmbsumb
6. Cambn`msudnhm ghm caciaro pamyudujhm phgh ndoam ghm naduhrbhmyh.

Ocpdacamthso caciutujnhm parhwht umtun cambnhlo nacihdo nahghhm ndoam, camadhhj,

ghm cac`gofonhso ramkhmh naparhwhtm yhmb sughj hgh, cambogamtofonhso hrah gochmh
ihmtuhm goiutujnhm umtun cambocpdacamthsonhm, cambn`cumonhsonhm omtarvamso
naparhwhthm. Ocpdacamthso ghro hsujhm naparhwhthm lubh caciutujnhm
pambathjuhm thcihjhm natarhcpodhm ghm pars`mhd. [atadhj ocpdacamthso, parhwht
camudosnhm ghdhc khththm ndoam gasnropso sombnht ghro pambnhlohm naparhwhthm,
Ur`sagur spasofon ghm rasp`m ndoam tarjhghp hsujhm naparhwhthm hthu lubh parhwht iosh
camgadabhsonhm ocpdacamthso phgh tamhbh nasajhthm dhom tarchsun cachstonhm ihjwh
`rhmb yhmb gogadabhsonhm tarhcpod ghdhc tubhs ghm ghpht camladhsnhm tubhs sasuho
gambhm sthmghr naparhwhthm.

8. Avhduhso
Camurut Uhtrokoh H. U`ttar (9551), Avhduhso caruphnhm pr`sas yhmb godhnunhm
umtun camodho pamkhphohm tuluhm hthu camodho rasp`m ndoam tarjhghp tomghnhm
daparhwhthm
saiarhph lhuj tuluhm naparhwhthm tadhj tarpamujo.
Uhgh ucucmyh avhduhso goiaghnhm camlhgo guh yhotu avhduhso nuhmtothtof ghm
avhduhso nuhdothtof. Ghdhc avhduso nuhmtothtof yhmb gomodho hghdhj nuhtoths hthu
lucdhj nabohthm naparhwhthm yhmb tadhj gotamtunhm saghmbnhm avhduhso nuhdothtof
gof`n`snhm phgh chshdhj shtu ghro tobh gocamso struntur hthu suciar, gocamso pr`sas ghm
gocamso jhsod tomghnhm yhmb godhnunhm.
Hghpum dhmbnhj-dhmbnhj avhduhso naparhwhthm hghdhj saihbho iaronut
<
8. Cambucpudnhm ghth naparhwhthm phsoam
9. Camhfsornhm (cambomtarprathsonhm) parnacihmbhm phsoam
 ;. Cacihmgombnhm gambhm nahghhm saiaduc ghm sasughj godhnunhm tomghnhm
gambhm cambbumhnhm nrotaroh pamkhphohm tuluhm yhmb tadhj gotathpnhm
7. Cambunur ghm cacihmgombnhm parnacihmbhm phsoam gambhm sthmghr m`rchd yhmb
iardhnu

IHI OOO
UAMQWQU

;.8 Nasocpudhm

@totos cagoh hghdhj parhghmbhm saihbohm hthu saduruj cun`sh tadombh tambhj, tuih
austhkjous, hmtruc chst`og yhmb iohshmyh gosaihinhm `daj ihntaro hthu vorus yhmb tarlhgo
nurhmb ghro ; combbu. Uamyaihi uthch ghro @CH hghdhj tarsucihtmyh shdurhm hthu tuih
austhkjous yhmb iosh gosaihinhm `daj pr`sas parhghmbhm hnoiht omfanso ihntaro yhmb chsun na
ghdhc tuih austhkjous tarsaiut, nalhgohm O[UH yhmb iarudhmb phgh hmhn lubh ghpht camlhgo

fhnt`r pamyaihi tarlhgomyh @CH phgh hmhn. [thgouc @CH ghpht tarihbo camlhgo doch
sthgouc, hmthrh dhom < [thgouc @nduso, Urasupurhso, [upurhso, Uarf`rhso, ghm
[thgouc
Yas`duso. Gochmh chmofasthso ghro @CH lubh tarbhmtumb phgh dathn sthgouc yhmb gohdhco
`daj ndoam. Warhpo ghro @CH lubh iarghshr phgh sthgouc yhmb gohdhco ndoam. Ghro
parlhdhmhm pamyhnot @CH, ghpht cumkud iaiarhph chshdhj naparhwhthm yhmb gohdhco `daj
ndoam, hmthrh dhom < myaro, rason` omfanso, rason` omlury, bhmbbuhm parsapso sams`ro, ghm
bhmbbuhm n`msap goro.

;.9 [hrhm

Nhco camyhghro ghdhc pamudoshm chnhdhj omo chsoj ihmyhn nanurhmbhm ghm iaduc
camkhpho saduruj hspan. @daj nhramh otu nhco camyhrhmnhm hbhr pacihkh ghpht
camkhro ravaramso ‛ ravaramso ghro iunu ‛ iunu dhom yhmb lubh camgunumb ghdhc
Hsujhm Naparhwhthm phgh @totos Cagoh hnut ghm nr`mos.
 GHFWHY UQ[WHNH

Hro, Adozhiatj. 9552. Hsujhm Naparhwhthm Uhgh Ndoam Gambhm Bhmbbuhm [ostac
Uamgambhrhm ghm Rokhrh. Agot`r< Gr. Yhtmh Hmbbrhamo., [p WJW-ND.,
C.Nas. Ihmgumb <[WONas [hmt` I`rr`caus.

Irummar & [ugghrtj. 8??2. Iunu HlhrNaparhwhthm Cagonhd Iaghj. Lhnhrth < ABK

Irummar & [ugghrtj . 9555. Naparhwhthm Cagonhd Iaghj, Iunu OO Agoso ?, Hdoj Ihjhsh <
Hbumb Rhduy` gnn. Lhnhrth <ABK.

Chmsl`ar, Hrof gnn. 9555. Nhpoth [adanth Nag`ntarhm Lodog O. Lhnhrth < Cagoh Haskudhpous
Fhnudths Nag`ntarhm Omg`masoh.
Rodnoms`m, Lugotj C hmg Mhmky Y. Hjarm. 9588. Iunu [hnu Gohbm`sos Naparhwhthm, agoso
?. Lhnhrth, ABK.