GHDHNHL

@MZM DASALHUHK GHS]HYHDHU NHLHK DAYMK@ DA_QNHQHK

„SUQKUMK@ _HEH IHNMUH EM KUU‗

Bnal

Danbgpbd 9:

8. Hku`arhl Ul. Dmh (8<?0?8?3<8) <.Ularasmh C. N. B. Uudhk (8<?0?8?889)

9. Phktm Ubia (8<?<?8?908) =.Ghrtlhey C. Ghnmgbu (8<?0?8?9=<)

3.Ghrmh Eaiiyhktm Ehnb (8<?0?8?3<1) 8?.Bnmvh ]ukmth Chgpu (8<?0?8??9=)

5. Hk``m Fnbraksh Ulaka (8<?0?8?398) 88.Smgpnmsmh ]aragmhktm (8<?0?8??99)

1.Lakermdh ]. @hkms (8<?0?8?993) 89. Iakeanmkh Yhfhan (8<?0?8?885)

6.Vmr`mka H. Umk``b`by (8<?0?8?9?3) 83. Clrmstmka S. @bsph (8<?0?8?391)

0.Pmlangmkh Y. V. Kuhghnm (8<?0?8?86?) 85. Ganhkmh I.H. Nmghk (8<?0?8?931)

JQYQSHK @MZM DASALHUHK GHS]HYHDHU

_YBEM MNGQ DASALHUHK GHS]HYHDHU

FHDQNUHS DASALHUHK GHS]HYHDHU

QKMVAYSMUHS KQSH CAKEHKH DQ_HK@

9?9?/9?98

8
 DHUH _AK@HKUHY

_ujm syudur dhgm phkjhtdhk da lhemrht Uulhk ]hk` Ghlh Duhsh, hths sa`hnh rhlght

yhk` emiarmdhk-Kyh salmk``h tu`hs ghdhnhl yhk` iarjueun „Stuktmk` _heh Ihnmth Em KUU‗

mkm ehpht emsanashmdhk pheh tapht whdtu. Ghdhnhl mkm em iuht saih`hm dawhjmihk
uktud gagakulm tu`hs ghth dunmhl `mzm dasalhthk ghsyhrhdht nhlhk darmk` dapunhuhk.

Ghdhnhl mkm emsusuk ehk emiuht iarehshrdhk ghtarm-ghtarm yhk` heh. Ghtarm-

ghtarm tarsaiut iartujuhk h`hr ehpht gakhgihl pak`athluhk ehk whwhshk gak`akhm ghshnhl-

ghshnhl `mzm ghsyhrhdht tarnaiml dlusus ghshnhl stuktmk` pheh ihnmth em KUU.

Dhgm gak`uchphdhk tarmgh dhsml yhk` iarnmgphl dapheh saguh pmlhd yhk` tanhl

gakyugihk` mea ehk pmdmrhk garadh ehnhg gakyusuk ghdhnhl mkm. Danbgpbd gakyhehrm

ghdhnhl mkm ghsml jhul ehrm dhth sagpurkh. Bnal saihi mtu, dhgm gagiutuldhk drmtmd ehk

shrhk yhk` gagihk`uk `ukh uktud dasagpurkhhk ghdhnhl mkm. Sagb`h ghdhnhl mkm
iarghkfhht ih`m dmth saguh.

Duphk`, 9= Saptagiar 9?9?

_akyusuk

9
 EHFUHY MSM

Dhth _ak`hkthr.................................................................................................................................................................................9

Ehfthr Msm..........................................................................................................................................................................................3

Ihi M _akehlunuhk .................................................................................................................

8.8 Nhthr Ianhdhk`........................................................................................................................................................................5

8.9 Yugushk Ghshnhl...............................................................................................................................................................1

8.3 Uujuhk............................................................................................................................................................................................1

Ihi MM _agihlhshk ................................................................................................................

9.8 _ak`artmhk Stuktmk`........................................................................................................................................................6

9.9 Fhdtbr-Fhdtbr ]hk` Gakyaihidhk Uarjhemkyh

Stuktmk` Em Kush Uak``hrh Umgur..................................................................................................................6

9.3 Ehgphd ]hk` Uarjhem Hdmiht

Ehrm Dajhemhk Stuktmk`..........................................................................................................................................<

9.5 _rb`rhg Qktud Ghshnhl Stuktmk` Em Kush Uak``hrh Umgur

Ehk Ih`hmghkh _akchphmhkkyh........................................................................................................................<

Ihi MM _akutup .......................................................................................................................

3.8 Dasmgpunhk...........................................................................................................................................................................8?

3.9 Shrhk................................................................................................................................................................................................8?

Ehfthr _usthdh

3
 IHI 8

_AKEHLQNQHK

8.8 NHUHY IANHDHK@

Stuktmk` (ihnmth pakead) hehnhl sthtus `mzm yhk` emehshrdhk pheh mkeads _I/Q hthu

UI/Q emghkh ehnhg sthkehr hktbpbgatrm pakmnhmhk sthtus `mzm hkhd, lhsmn pak`udurhk

tarsaiut iarheh pheh hgihk` ihths (z-scbra)>-9 SE shgphm eak`hk -3 (pakead/stuktae) ehk >-3 SE

(shk`ht pakead/savarny stuktae). Stuktmk` hehnhl ghshnhl durhk` `mzm drbkms yhk`

emsaihidhk bnal hsuphk `mzm yhk` durhk` ehnhg whdtu cudup nhgh hdmiht pagiarmhk

ghdhkhk yhk` tmehd sasuhm eak`hk daiutulhk `mzm.Stuktmk` hehnhl `hk``uhk partugiulhk ehk

pardagihk`hk yhk` emhnhgm hkhd-hkhd ehrm `mzm iurud, mkfadsm iarunhk`, ehk stmgunhsm

_smdbsbsmhn yhk` tmehd gaghehm yhk` emtukjudhk eak`hk kmnhm z-scbra tmk``m ihehk

gakurut usmh (UI/Q) ˉ-9 Sthkehr Eavmhsm iarehshrdhk sthkehr PLB (PLB 9?89).

_ravhnaksm stuktmk` ihym iarusmh em ihwhl nmgh thluk (ihnmth) Mkebkasmh pheh 9?81 saiashr
36,5%. Hrtmkyh naiml ehrm sapartm`h hthu sadmthr <,< juth ihnmth gak`hnhgm ghshnhl `mzm em

ghkh tmk``m ihehkkyh em ihwhl sthkehr sasuhm usmhkyh. Stuktmk` tarsaiut iarheh em hths

hgihk` yhk` emtathpdhk PLB saiashr 9?%. _ravhnaksm stuktmk` ihnmth Mkebkasmh mkm

tariashr daeuh em dhwhshk Hsmh Uak``hrh em ihwhl Nhbs yhk` gakchphm 53,<%.Khguk,

iarehshrdhk _hkthuhk Sthtus @mzm (_S@) 9?80, ihnmth yhk` gak`hnhgm stuktmk` tarchtht

saiashr 96,6%. Hk`dh tarsaiut taremrm ehrm =,<% ghsud dhta`brm shk`ht pakead ehk 8=,<%

dhta`brm pakead. Ehnhg 8.??? lhrm parthgh saiakhrkyh garuphdhk usmh aghs ihym tathpm

dakyhthhkkyh ghsml ihkyhd ihnmth usmh ?1= iunhk parthgh justru gak`hnhgm ghshnhl `mzm.

_heh thluk 9?8< Dagakdas YM dagihnm ganhdudhk Ymsat Dasalhthk Ehshr (Ymsdasehs) yhk`

emnhdudhk bnal Ihehk _akanmtmhk ehk _ak`agihk`hk Dasalhthk (Nmtihk`das) takthk` _ravhnaksm

Stuktmk`. Iarehshrdhk _akanmtmhk tarsaiut hk`dh stuktmk` hthu hkhd tugiul pakead turuk ehrm

30,9 parsak pheh Ymsdasehs 9?83 gakjhem 3?,< (Dagaktarmhk Dasalhthk Yapuinmd Mkebkasmh,

9?8<). _ravhnaksm ihnmth pakead stuktmk` ehnhg tm`h thluk em _rbvmksm Kush Uak``hrh Umgur

(KUU) tarus gak`hnhgm pakurukhk. Gasdm eagmdmhk, hk`dhkyh ghsml tmk``m saiashr 90,1

parsak eak`hk dhsus gakmk``hn saihkyhd 10 brhk`. Sagakthrh mtu, ehth jugnhl stuktmk` pheh 9?8<

saiashr 3?,8 parsak. Nhnu em 9?8= gakjhem 90,= parsak. Sagakthrh lmk``h parmbea h`ustus 9?9?

mkm saiashr 90,1 parsak. (Duphk`, @htrh.cbg)

5
8.9 YQGQSHK GHSHNHL
8.9.8 _akk``aartrtmmhhk Stuktmk`

8.9.9 Fhdtbr-fhdtbr yhk` gakyaihidhk tarjhemkyh stuktmk` em Kush Uak``hrh Umgur2

8.9.3 Ehgphd yhk` tarjhem hdmiht ehrm dajhemhk Stuktmk`2

8.9.5 _rb`b`rhrhg uktutud ghshnhnhl stuuktktmkmk` em Kush Uak``hrh Umgguur Ehk

ih`hmgghkhkh pakchphmhkkyh2

8.3 UQJQHK
8.3.8 Qktutud gak`k`atathlum pak`a`artrtmhmhk stuktmk`

8.3.9 Qktud gak`athlum fhdtbr-fhdtbr hph shjh yhk` gakyaihidhk tarjhemkyh

stuktmk` em Kush Uak``hrh Umgur2
8.3.3 Qktud gak`athlum ehgphd hph shjh yhk` tarjhem hdmiht ehrm dajhemhk Stuktmk`2

8.3.5 Qktud gak`athlum hphdhl heh prb`rhg uktud ghshnhl stuktmk` em Kush
Uak``hrh Umgur Ehk ih`hmghkh pakchphmhkkyh2

8.5 GHKFHHU

Ghkfhht ehrm pagiuhthk ghnhdhl mkm hehnhl uktud gak`athlu takthk` ghshnhl
stuktmk` tarnaiml em prbvmksm Kush Uak``hrh Umgur, fhdtbr-fhdtbr yhk`
gakyaihidhk stuktmk` em _rbvmksm Kush Uak``hrh Umgur Umk``m, ehgphd yhk`
tarjhem hdmiht stuktmk`, ehk prb`rhg uktud ghshnhl stuktmk` em Kush Uak``hrh
Umgur ehk ih`hmghkh pakchphmhk prb`rhgkyh. Ehk ghdhnhl mkm emiuht uktud
gagakulm snhlh shtu tu`hs @mzm Dasalhthk Ghsyhrhdht Nhlhk Darmk` Dapunhuhk.

1
 IHI MM

_AGIHLHSHK

8.9.8 _ak`artmhk Stuktmk`

Stuktmk` hehnhl dbkemsm `h`hn tugiul pheh hkhd ihnmth hdmiht ehrm dadurhk`hk `mzm

drbkms salmk``h hkhd tarnnhnu pakead uktud usmhkyh. Dadurhk`hk `mzm tarjhem sajhd ihym

ehnhg dhkeuk`hk ehk pheh ghsh hwhn satanhl ihym nhlmr, dbkemsm stuktmk` ihru tarnmlht

satanhl ihym iarusmh 9 thluk. Stuktmk` gakurut Daputushk Gaktarm Dasalhthk thluk 9?8?

hehnhl sthtus `mzm yhk` emehshrdhk pheh mkeads phkjhk` ihehk gakurut ugur (_I/Q) hthu

tmk``m ihehk gakurut ugur (UI/Q) ehnhg sthkehr pakmnhmhk sthtus `mzm hkhd, eak`hk lhsmn

pak`udurhk yhk` iarheh pheh kmnhm sthkehr hthu z-scbra > -9 SE shgphm eak`hk -3 SE uktud

pakead (stuktae) ehk > -3 SE uktud shk`ht pakead (savarany stuktae).

Gakukururut easdsdrmrmpspsm Pbrne Lahntl Br`h`hkmkmzhzhtmbk (PLB), stuktmkmk` hehnhl

`hk`k``u`uhk partugiulhk ehk pardagihk`hk yhk` emhnhgm hkhd-hkhd ehrm `mzm iurud, mkfadsm iarunhk`

ehk stmgunhsm psmdbsbsmhn yhk` tmehd gaghehm. Sabrhk` hkhd emsaiut gakearmth stuktmk`

jmdh tmk``m ihehk garadh sasuhm usmh emihwhl gmkus euh sthkehr eavmsmhsm lmk``h gmkus

tm`h sthkehr eavmsmhsm ehrm gaemhk sthkehr partugiulhk hkhd yhk` emtathpdhk PLB.

8.9.9 Fhdtbr-Fhdtbr yhk` Gakyaihidhk Uarjhemkyh Stuktmk` em Kush Uak``h`hrh

Umgur
Stuktae garuphdhk ghkmfasthsm saih`hm hdmiht naiml nhkjut ehrm tmk``mkyh hk`dh Ihym Iarht

Nhlmr Yakehl (IINY) ehk durhk` `mzm pheh ghsh ihnmth sarth tmehd hehkyh pakchphmhk
parihmdhk partugiulhk yhk` sagpurkh pheh ghsh iarmdutkyh. Dadurhk`hk `mzm drbkms pheh

ghsh dalhgmnhk hthu satanhl nhlmr emthkehm eak`hk stuktmk` ghsh raghjh ehk eawhsh,

garadh yhk` gak`hnhgm da`h`hnhk partugiulhk sarmk` emsaihidhk bnal dadurhk`hk `mzm hthu

shdmt. Iarmdut fhctbr-fhdtbr yhk` gakyaihidhk tarjhemkyh stuktmk` em KUU.

h. Ymwhyht HSM garuphdhk fhctbr rmsmdb dajhemhk stuktmk`, ihtmth yhk` gakehpht HSM

kbk adsdnusmf gagmnmdm panuhk` stuktmk` saiashr lhgpmr 9.< dhnm naiml iashr ehrm

ihtmth yhk` emiarm HSM Adsdnusmf. rakehlkyh pagiarmhk HSM adsdnusmf ehk tmk``mkyh

fraduaksm pakyhdmt pheh ghsh hwhn ihym garuphdhk hnhshk-hnhshk saihi tarjhemkyh

nhgihtkyh partugiulhk

6
i. _akememdhk hyhl. Hyhl yhk` iarpakememdhk rakehl gagmnmdm panuhk` stuktmk` pheh

hkhdkyh saiashr lhgpmr 8.1 dhnm naiml iashr ehrm pheh hyhl yhk` iarpakememdhk tmk``m.

c. _ak`athluhk `mzm miu. _ak`athluhk miu takthk` `mzm hdhk gakaktudhk parmnhdu miu

ehnhg gakyaemhdhk ghdhkhk uktud hkhdkyh. Miu eak`hk pak`athluhk `mzm yhk` ihmd

emlhrhpdhk ehpht gakyaemhdhk ghdhkhk eak`hk jakms ehk jugnhl yhk` tapht h`hr

ehpht tugiul ehk iardagihk` sachrh bptmghn

e. _hrmths hk``bth danuhr`h. Danuhr`h yhk` gagmnmdm phrmths hk``bth danuhr`h naiml ehrm

agphpht hdhk gagmnmdm panunuhkhk` 3.9 dhnm naimiml iashr hdhk dajhjhemhk stukuktmk`

jmdh emihkemk`dhk eak`hk danuhr`h dacmn (> 5 brhk`). Jugnhl hk``bth danuhr`h yhk`

iashr/ihkyhd ehndhg saiuhl rughl thk``h gakyaihidhk jugnhl phk`hk uktud satmhp

hkhd gakjhem iardurhk` ehk emstrmiusm ghdhkhk tmehd garhth salmk``h

gakyaihidhk ihnmth ehnhg danuhr`h tarsaiut gakearmth durhk` `mzm.
a. Umk``m ihehk brhk` tuh. Shnhl shtu hthu daeuh brhk` tuh yhk` pakead hdmiht dbkemsm

phtbnb`m (sapartm eafmsmaksm lbrgbka partugiulhk) gagmnmdm `ak ehnhg drbgbsbg

yhk` gagihwh smfht pakead salmk``h gagpariashr panuhk` hkhd gawhrmsm `ak tarsaiut
ehk tugiul gakjhem stuktmk`. Hdhk tathpm, imnh brhk` tuh pakead hdmiht

dadurhk`hk zht `mzm hthu pakyhdmt, daguk`dmkhk hkhd ehpht tugiul eak`hk tmk``m

ihehk kbrghn sanhgh hkhd tarsaiut tmehd tarphphr fhctbr rmsmdb yhk` nhmk.
f. Hsuphk akar`y. hsuphk zht `mzm yhmtu hsuphk akar`y, prbttamk naghd, dhriblmerht, vmthgmk H.

gagmnmdm pak`hrul yhk` sm`kmfmdhk tarlhehp dajhemhk stuktmk`. Akar`y empaparnrnudhk

uktutud danhnhk`k`susuk`hk prbsas – prbsas em ehnhnhg tuiuiul sapapartrtm prbsas paraehrhk

ehk smrdunhsm ehrhl, eakyut jhktuk`, parkhfhshk, pakcarkhhk ehk prbsas fmsmbnb`ms nhmkkyh.

Akar`y ehnhg tuiul ehpht emparbnal dhrakh hehkyh pagihdhrhk

dhriblmerht, prbtamk ehk naghd. Lhsmn hkhnmsms imvhrmhta ehk guntmvhrmhta gakukjudhk
ihlwh hsuphk akar`y gagmnmdm pak`hrul yhk` sm`kmfmdhk ehk garuphdhk fhctbr rmsmdb

dajhemhk stuktmk`. Saehk`dhk hsuphk prbttamk, naghd dhriblmerht ehk vmthgmk H

gagmnmdm pak`hrul yhk` sm`kmfmdhk tarlhehp dajhemhk stuktmk` tathpm iudhk fhctbr

rmsmdb yhk` ebgmkhk. gagmnmdm pak`hrul yhk` sm`kmfmdhk ehk

garuphdhk fhctbr rmsmdb dajhemhk stuktmk`.
` Shkmthsm nmk`duk`hk. Iarehshrdhk lhsmn pakanmtmhk luiuk`hk shkmthsm nmk`dukh`kh

eak`hk dajhemhk stuktmk` hehnhl lhrus gakjh`h daiarsmlhk emrm ehk nmk`duk`hk eak`hk

ganhdudhk cucm thk`hk eak`hk phdhm shiuk em hmr gak`hnmr dhrakh lhn mkm

iarpak`hrul ehu dhnm tarlhehp stuktmk`, ehk ju`h pak`hghkhk shgphl rughl
tuk``h, pak`anbnhhk hmr gmkug, ehk pak`anbnhhk shnurhk pagiuhk`hk hmr.

0
 l. Hdsas ehk paghkfhhthk panhyhkhk dasalhthk
m. Dbksugsm thinat thgihl ehrhl, tmk`dht dagmsdmkhk, mgukmshsm yhk` tmehd nak`dhp

8.9.3 Ehgphd yhk` Uarjhem Hdmiht Ehrm Dajhemhk Stuktmk`

Stuktmk` ehpht gakmgiundhk ehgphd yhk` iurud, ihmd ehnhg jhk`dh pakead ghupuk

ehnhg jhk`dh phkjhk`. Ehnhg jhk`dh pakead stuktmk` ehpht gakayaihidhk `h`hn tmgiul, lhgihthk

pararadagihk`h`hk db`k`kmtmf ehk gbtbrmrmd salmlmk``h iarprpakak`h`hrurul tarlrlhehehp

pardagihk`hk bthd ehk daiarlhsmnhk pakememdhk, ehk tmehd bptmghnkyh udurhk fmsmd

tuiul sarth `hk``uhk gathibnmsga. Stuktmk` garuphdhk wujue ehrm hehkyh `hk``uhk partugiulhk

pheh tuiul, imnh mkm tarjhem, ghdh shnhl shtu br`hk tuiul yhk` capht gak`hnhgm rmsmdb

hehnhl bthd. Ehnhg bthd tarehpht san-san shrhf yhk` shk`ht iardhmthk eak`hk raspbk hkhd

targhsud ehnhg ganmlht, gakeak`hr ehk iarpmdmr sanhgh prbsas ianhjhr.

Ehgphd jhk`dh phkjhk` yhk` emtmgiundhk stuktmk` hehnhl gakurukkyh dhphsmths

mktanadtun, `hk``uhk strudtur fuk`sm shrhf ehk san-san bthd yhk` iarsmfht parghkak ehk
gakyaihidhk pakurukhk daaghgpuhk gakyarhp panhjhrhk em usmh sadbnhl yhk` hdhk

iarpak`hrul tarlhehp prbeudtmvmths shht eawhsh, ehk gakmk`dhtdhk rmsmdb pakyhdmt tmehd

gakunhr sapartm emhiatas gannnmtus, lmpartaksm, jhktuk` dbrbkar ehk strbda. Hkhd yhk`

gak`hnhgm stuktmk` gagmnmdm pbtaksm tugiul dagihk` yhk` tmehd sagpurkh, daghgpuhk

gbtbrmd ehk prbeudtmvmths rakehl, sarth gagmnmdm rmsmdb naiml tmk``m uktud tardakh

pakyhdmt tmehd gakunhr. Stuktmk` pheh ihnmth iarehgphd pheh tmgiunkyh pbtaksm daru`mhk

adbkbgm dhrakh pakurukhk prbeudtmvmths darjh ehk imhyh parhwhthk. Saguhkyh mtu hdhk

gakurukdhk duhnmths sugiar ehyh ghkusmh, prbeudtmvmths ehk ehyh shmk` ihk`sh.

8.9.5 _rb`rhg Qktud Ghshnhl Stuktmk` Em Kush Uak``hrh Umgur Ehk Ih`hmghkh
_akchphmhkkyh

Qkehk`-Qkehk` Kb. 36 Uhluk 9??= takthk` Dasalhthk _hshn 5= hyht (8) ehk _hshn 1?

hyht (8) gak`htur ihlwh _agarmkthl Eharhl iarthk``uk`jhwhi hths pakyanak``hrhhk,,

gakmk`dhtdhk, ehk gak`agihk`dhk uphyh dasalhthk. Daimjhdhk `mzm yhk` emrakchkhdhk

tarchktug ehnhg ebdugak Yakchkh _agihk`ukhk Jhk`dh Gakak`hl (Y_JGK) thluk 9?819?8=,

eak`hk shshrhk gakmk`dhtkyh sthtus `mzm ghsyhrhdht ehk thr`at pakurukhk pravhnaksm

ukearwam`lt gakjhem 80%, stuktmk` gakjhem 9< %, ehk whstmk` gakjhem =.1% pheh ihnmth

thluk 9?8=. Daimjhdhk `mzm _agarmkthl Eharhl _rbvmksm KUU tarchktug ehnhg

<
ebdugak Yakchkh _agihk`ukhk Jhk`dh Gakak`hl Eharhl (Y_JGE) eak`hk fbdus shshrhk

gakurukkyh dhsus ihnmth `mzm durhk` gakjhem 0.65% ehk `mzm iurud gakjhem ?.06% thluk

9?8< eak`hk Emkhs Dasalhthk _rbvmksm KUU saih`hm br`hkmshsm yhk` gagihktu @uiarkur

em imehk` dasalhthk. Khguk thr`at mkm pheh thluk 9?80 justru gakmk`dht taruthgh

ukearwam`lt (9<.3%) ehk stuktmk` (5?.3%) iarehshrdhk ehth _aghkthuhk Sthtus @mzm (_S@).

Ghshnhl stuktmk` em KUU arht dhmthkkyh eak`hk ghshnhl `mzm, dasalhthk miu
lhgmn ehk gakyusum, sarth ihym yhk` ihru nhlmr ehk hkhd usmh emihwhl euh thluk
(iheuth), targhsud raghjh putrm. Bnal dhrakh mtu daimjhdhk pakurukhk stuktmk`
shht mkm gunhm emfbdusdhk pheh 8?? lhrm parthgh dalmeuphk dalmeuphk (L_D)
eak`hk pakeadhthk mktarvaksm spasmfmd ehk saksmtmva.
Mktarvaksm sasmfmd emnhdudhk ganhnum pagiarmhk ghdhkhk thgihlhk (_GU) ih`m miu

lhgmn ehk dadurhk`hk akar`y drbkms (DAD), dbksugsm supnagak thinat eharhl (Fa), prbgbsm

ehk dbksanmk` gakyusum, prbgbsm ehk dbksanmk` pagiarmhk ghdhkhk ihym ehk hkhd

(_GIH), thth nhdshkh `mzm iurud, _GU pagunmhk hkhd durus, paghkthuhk ehk prbgbsm

partugiulhk, supnagak dhnsmug ehk pagarmdshhk dalhgmnhk, mgukmshsm, pak`bihthk

emhra, ghkhjagak tarprpheheu ihnmth shdmt (GUIS)S), supnagak zmkd ehk supnagak

thiuiurmrmh sarth pakckca`a`hlhlhk dachcmk`hk.

Saehk`dhk mktarvaksm saksmtmva ganmputm, pakayemhhk hdsas hmr gmkug ehk

shkmthsm (_Q_Y), hdsas nnhyhkhk danuhr`h iarakchkh (IDDIK), hdsas JDK ehk ihktuhk uhk`

tukhm danmhr`h durhk` ghgpu (_DL) ghupupuk IK_U (emkhs sbcmhn), phraktmk`, dbksanmk` ehk

stmgunhkt dukjuk`hk rughl (pakememdhk, __H), hdsas phk`hk iheuth-miu kaiyusum ehk miu lhgmn

(dathlhkhk phk`hk), sarth ra`mstrhsm chththk smpmn ehk dhth danhlmrhk (dapakeueudhk).

Gasdmpuk suehl smkdrbk, mgpnagakthsm daimjhdhk `mzm ghsml gakagum iaiarhph dakehnh,

yhmtu datarihthshk hk``hrhk ehk Ganhnum daimjhdhk `mzm tarsaiut, _rbvmksm KUU iarlhsmn

garahnmshsmdhk 3 thr`at mkemdhtbr ehrm = mkemdhtbr prbsas. Khguk, pakchphmhk mkemdhtbr

lhsmn ghsml rakehl tarnmlht ehrm pravhnaksm ukearwam`lt pheh ihnmth yhk` gakmk`dht dagihnm

em thluk 9?86. Yakehlkyh hnbdhsm hk``hrhk ehk sugiar ehyh `mzm nhmkkyh ehpht gakjhem

parlhtmhk _agarmkthl Eharhl h`hr ehpht gawujuedhk datarsaemhhk sugiar ehyh yhk` gaghehm

eagm tarchphmkyh panhdshkhhk uphyh pakhk`hkhk ghshnhl `mzm yhk` ghdsmghn.

=
 IHI MMM

_AKQUQ_

3.8 DASMG_QNHK

Stuktmk` hehnhl dbkemsm `h`hn tugiul pheh hkhd ihnmth hdmiht ehrm dadurhk`hk `mzm drbkms

salmk``h hkhd tarnnhnu pakead uktud usmhkyh. Dadurhk`hk `mzm tarjhem sajhd ihym ehnhg

dhkeuk`hk ehk pheh ghsh hwhn satanhl ihym nhlmr, dbkemsm stuktmk` ihru tarnmlht satanhl ihym

iarusmh 9 thluk. Fhdtbr-fhdtbr pakyaihi stuktmk` em KUU hkthrh nhmk rmwhyht HSM, pakememdhk,

tmk`dht pak`athluhk miu, phrmths hk``bth danuhr`h, tmk``m ihehk brhk` tuh, hsuphk akar`y, shkmthsm

nm`duk`hk, hdsas ehk panhyhkhk fhsdas, mgukmshsm, ehk tmk`dht dagmsdmkhk,

Ehnhnhg jhk`dh pakead stukuktmk` ehphpht gakayayaihihidhk `h`h`hn tmgiul, lhgihthk

paradagihk`hk db`kmtmf ehk gbtbrmd salmk``h iarpak`hrul tarlhehp pardagihk`hk bthd ehk

daiaiarlrlhshsmnhk pakekemememdmdhkhk, ehk tmehehd bptmghnkyh udurhk fmsmd tuiuiul sarth

`hk`k``u`uhk gathibnmsga. Ehgphd jhk`dh phkjhk` yhk` emtmgiundhk stuktmk` hehnhl gakurukkyh

dhphsmths mktanadtun, `hk``uhk strudtur fuk`sm shrhf ehk san-san bthd yhk` iarsmfht parghkak

ehk gakyaihidhk pakurukhk daaghgpuhk gakyarhp panhjhrhk em usmh sadbnhl yhk` hdhk

iarpak`hrul tarlhehp prbeudtmvmths shht eawhsh, ehk gakmk`dhtdhk rmsmdb pakyhdmt tmehd

gakunhr sapartm emhiatas gannmtus, lmpartaksm, jhktuk` dbrbkar ehk strbda.

Ghshnhl stuktmk` em KUU arht dhmthkkyh eak`hk ghshnhl `mzm, dasalhthk miu lhgmn ehk

gakyusum, sarth ihym yhk` ihru nhlmr ehk hkhd usmh emihwhl euh thluk (iheuth), targhsud

raghjh putrm. Bnal dhrakh mtu daimjhdhk pakurukhk stuktmk` shht mkm gunhm emfbdusdhk pheh
8?? lhrm parthgh dalmeuphk dalmeuphk (L_D) eak`hk pakeadhthk mktarvaksm spasmfmd ehk

saksmtmva.

3.9 SHYHK

_agarmkthl iarshgh khdas naiml ihkyhd gagiarmdhk sbsmhnmshsm tarlhehp

brhk` tuh h`hr naiml ihkyhd brhk` tuh yhk` gak`artm paktmk`kyh `mzm ehk tugiul
dagihk` hkhd sajhd emkm h`hr tarlmkehr ehrm stuktmk`

8?
 EHFUHY _QSUHDH

Emkm Mkerhstuty, pujmyhktb.9?85. Eatargmkhk Sbsmhn Adbkbgm Yughl Uhk``h

ehrm Ihnmth Stuktmk` em Mkebkasmh: Hkhnmsms Ehth Mkebkasmh Fhgmny
Nmfa Survay (MFNS) 9?85. 9?85. Adbkbgm Dasalhthk Mkebkasmh,3,9.

Adb Satmhwhk, Ymzheh Ghclgue, Ghsrun. Fhdtbr-fhdtbr yhk` Iarluiuk`hk eak`hk Dajhemhk
Stuktmk` pheh Hkhd Qsmh 95-1= iunhk em Pmnhyhl Darjh _usdasghs Hkehnhs Dachghthk

_hehk` Umgur Dbth _hehk` thluk 9?8<. 9?8<. Jurkhn Dasalhthk Hkehnhs. 0(9).

Urm Purmshstutm, Kuk`dm Lhpshrm Suryhkmk`tyhs. Mkfadsm Ghnhrmh Gakurut

Sthtus @mzm Ihnhmth Em _rbvmksm Kush Uak``hrh Umgur.9?86. Iunatmk
_akanmtmhk Smstag Dasalhthk, 9?(8), 8?-81.

Anmshiat Ira Ibnm, Hkhnmsms Daimjhdhk @mzm Ehnhg Qphyh _akhk`hkhk Ghshnhl @mzm

em _rbvmksm Kush Uak``hrh Umgur, Jurkhn Dbgukmths Dasalhthk Ghsyhrhdht Vbnuga 9

Kbgbr 8, Junm 9?9?

H`ustmkh Satmh,SSU.G.Das, Fhdtbr Ymsmdb Dajhemhk Stuktmk` _heh Ihtmth Qsmh

6 – 36 Iunhk em Eash Fhtudhkutu Dachghthk Hghim Bafatb Dhiuphtak Duphk`,

Mktja _mchuny, Shrcm Gh`ehnakh Uby, 9?83, Hkhnmsms Eatargmkhk ehk _ak`hrul
Stuktmk` Uarlhehp _rathsm Ianhjhr Hkhd Sadbnhl em Duphk` ehk Sugih Umgur,
KUU, Jurkhn @mzm ehk _hk`hk, Ghrat 9?83, <(8): 11-69

Dmkhktm Yhlghelmth, 9?9?, _arghshnhlhk Stuktmk` ehk _akca`hlhkkyh, Jurkhn

Mngmhl Dasalhthk Shkem Lusheh llttps://hdpar-shkemdhrsh.a-jburkhn.me/JMDSL
Vbn 88, Kb, 8, Jukm 9??99??, ppp4 9991-999= p-MSSSSKK: 933115-6??==3 ehhk
a-MSSSSKK: 96615-511663 EBBMM: 8?.31<86/jmsdl.v8?m9.913

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