Hihtkmn Njmu Ghowha

Mhohjha
Gnhfuohi uituo mbmbiuan tu`hs ghjhm Mhth Oujnha
Mbtkgb Ghowha
Ubmbstbr NT Whaui Hohgbmno 3<8>-3<3<
Gksbi
Gr.Hoamhg
Gr.Hoamhg Skznqni, M.H`.

Gnsusui kjba 6
Muahmhg Dhrng Hmnrugni
 INM 38<5<1<8818<
38<5<1<8818<88
88

DHORJWHU H@HMH NUJHM

RINTBSUNWHU NUJHM IRUHIWHSH
CHIGRI@
3<3< 
 

\BMCHAHUHI
H.\bi`brtnhi Hihtkmn njmu ghowha
Njmu ghowha mbruphohi sbcuha ehchi` ghrn njmu obnsjhmhi jhniyh
yhi` cbrtufuhi uituo mbi`ni`htohi sbsbkrhi` obphgh fhjhi yhi` cbihr
gn snsn hjjha swt. Njmu nin mbmpuiyhn pbrhihi yhi` shi`ht pbitni`
uituo mbiuifhi` obsuosbshi tbrsbchr juhsiyh h`hmh nsjhm gn sbjurua
guinh. Ihmui sbcbjum onth mbmchahs hph nsn ghrn hihtkmn njmu
ghowha hjhi`oha chnoiyh onth mbi`bthaun hph pbi`brtnhi ghrn Hihtkmn
njmu ghowha ntu sbignrn, Chno pbrhjnmhtiyh mhupui obsbjuruahiyh.
Ubehrh Btnmkjk`n Hihtkmn (cbrhshj ghrn chahsh ^uihin hihtkmnh, ghrn
hihtbmibni, yhi` cbrhrtn mbmktki`), sbghi`ohi sbehrh tbrmnikjk`n
hthu nstnjha Hihtkmn hghjha ehchi` ghrn njmu cnkjk`n yhi` cbraucui`hi
gbi`hi struotur ghi kr`hinshsn ghrn mhoajuo angup.8  Mbiurut OCCN
Hihtkmn hghjha njmu yhi` mbjuonsohi hthu mbi``hmchrohi jbtho sbrth
aucui`hi ch`nhi tucua mhiusnh.3Wbituiyh ohjnmht hihtkmn nin shi`ht
ngbitno sbohjn gbi`hi njmu obgkotbrhi tbituiyh.
Ubehrh btnmkjk`n Ohth njmu gnhmcnj ghrn chahsh hrhc hjnmh-yh„jhmu
hjnmh- yh„jhmu--
njmhi, mhsghr rkdh„ njmui yhi` hrtniyh mbi`bthaun, jhju gn sbrhp
obghjhm chahsh nigkibsnh mbifhgn njmu.sbghi`ohi sbehrh tbrmnikjk`n
hthu nstnjha Njmu hghjha ushah-ushah shghr uituo mbiybjngnon,
mbibmuohi ghi bini`ohtohi pbmhahmhi mhiusnh ghrn cbrch`hn sb`n
obiyhthhi ghjhm hjhm mhiusnh.5 
Ubtbjha onth mbi`bthaun pbi`brtnhi hihtkmn ghi njmu, mhoh yhi`
tbrhoanr onth chahs hghjha pbi`brtnhi ghowha. Ubehrh btnmkjk`n ghowha
gn hmcnj ghrn chahsh hrhc gh„h-
gh„h-yhg„u
yhg„u--gh„whthi, jhju
jhju gn hmcnj mhsghriyh
obtnoh rkdh„ mbifhgn gh„whtui yhi` hrtniyh mbi`hfho, jhju gnsbrhp
obghjhm chahsh nigkibsnh mbifhgn gh„wha.
gh„wha. Hghpui sbehrh tbrmnikjk`n
gh„wha hghjha ob`nhthi yhi` cbrsndht mbiybru, mbi`hfho ghi
mbmhi``nj krhi` uituo cbrnmhi ghi thht obphgh Hjjha sbsuhn gbi`hi

8
 Hihtkmn - Pnonpbgnh chahsh Nigkibsnh gn hosbs ghrn  attps6//ng.wnonpbgnh.kr`/wnon/Hihtkmn,, phgh
ghrn  attps6//ng.wnonpbgnh.kr`/wnon/Hihtkmn
thi``hj 8> dbcruhrn 3<3< puouj 33.58
3
 Hihtkmn-OCCN gn hosbs ghrn 
ghrn  attps6//ehoahshi.ekm/pbi`brtnhi-
hihtkmn/#Hihtkmn[Mbiurut[OCCN,, phgh thi``hj 3< dbcruhrn 3<3< puouj <2.87
hihtkmn/#Hihtkmn[Mbiurut[OCCN
5 \rkd. Gr. E.H. vhi \bursbi6 Dnjshdht Ubch`hn Ubin uituo Cbrthiyh. Gnoutnp ghrn cuou C. Hrnbd
Ungahrth. Hphoha Dnjshdht ghi Dnjshdht Njmu Ntu;, \usthoh Uutrh, Chigui` 3<<1. Ahj 0
 

`hrns hqngha, syhrn'ht ghi hoajho Nsjhm. 7  phrh ujhmhpui cbrcbgh

 pbighpht hohi pbi`brtnhi ghowha tbrsbcut6
h. Uahjhauggni Uhiusn
”Ghowha ntu hghjha ushah mbi`ucha obhghhi yhi` ib`htnd mbifhgn
obhghhi yhi` pksntnd, mbmpbrfuhi`ohi yhi`
yhi ` mh„rud hths yhi`
muiohr, mbmbihi`ohi yhi` aho hths yhi` chtnj„„. 
chtnj„„. 
 c. Wnmur Gfhbjhin
„„Ghowha nhjha mbiybru obphgh mhiusnh uituo cbrcuht chno ghi
mbifhuan yhi` curuo sbch`hn phi`ohj tkjho obouhthi mbi`ucha
mhsyhrhoht ghi obhghhi yhi` ourhi` chno obphgh obhghhi yhi` jbcna
 chno sbani``h mbruphohi suhtu pbmcnihhi”. 
pbmcnihhi”. 
e. Wakah ^hayh Kmhr
„„Ghowha nhjha mbi`hfho mhiusnh gbi`hi ehrh cnfhoshih obphgh fhjhi

yhi` cbihr sbsuhn

obchah`nhhi gbi`hi
gn guinh pbrnitha
ghi hoanrht.„„ 
hoanrht.„„   Wuahi uituo obmhsjhahthi ghi
g. Hcguj Ohrnm Vhnghi
„„Ghowha nhjha phi``njhi ob fhjhi Hjjha.„„ Ghowha hghjha ob`nhthi
uituo mbi`hfho ghi mbiybru mhiusnh obphgh Nsjhm, h`hr mhiusnh
mbmpbrkjba fhjhi angup yhi` chno, gnrngakn kjba Hjjha sbani``h angup
ghi obanguphiiyh sbjhmh cbrhgh gn guinh ghi hoanrht objho, ohrbih
ahonoht ghrn phgh obanguphi guinh hghjha pbi`ahithr uituo obanguphi
hoanrht yhi` hchgn.
b. Muinr Mujoahi
Mbiurut Muinr Mujoahi ghjhm cuouiyh ‚Ngbkjk`nshsn @brhohi
Ghowha” chawh ghowha hghjha ushah-ushah
ushah-ushah mbiybruohi ghi
mbiyhmphnohi obphgh pbrkrhi`hi ghi sbjurua umht mhiusnh ghjhm
ahj okisbpsn Nsjhm tbithi` phighi`hi ghi tufuhi angup mhiusnh gn
guinh nin, yhi` mbjnputn hmhr mh‛rud ihan muiohr gbi`hi cbrch`hn
mhehm ehrh ghi mbgnh yhi` gn pbrckjbaohi hoajhq ghi mbmcnmcni`
 pbi`hjhmhiyh ghjhm pbrnobanguphi cbrmhsyhrhoht ghi pbrnobanguphi
pbrnobanguphi
 cbrib`hrh.

ghrn  attps6//ng.wnonpbgnh.kr`/wnon/Ghowha,
7 Ghowha-Pnonpbgnh chahsh nigkibsnh gn hosbs ghrn  attps6//ng.wnonpbgnh.kr`/wnon/Ghowha , phgh
thi``hj 8> dbcruhrn 3<3< puouj 33.55
 

d. Hsmuin Uyuonr
Mbiurut Hsmuin Uyuonr ghjhm cuouiyh ‚Ghshr -Ghshr -Ghshr Utrhtb`n
Ghowha” mbmcbrnohi pbi`brtnhi ghowha ghrn guh sb`n hthu guh sugut
 phighi`, yhoin pbi`brtnhi ghowha yhi` cbrsndht pbmcnihhi ghi
 pbi`bmchi`hi. \bi`brtnhi ghowha yhi` cbrsndht pbmcnihhi hghjha
suhtu ushah mbmpbrthahiohi, mbjbsthrnohi ghi mbiybmpurihohi
umht mhiusnh yhi` angup chah`nh gn guinh mhupui gn hoanrht.
Ubghi`ohi pbi`brtnhi ghowha yhi` cbrsndht pbi`bmchi`hi hghjha
ushah mbi`hfho umht mhiusnh yhi` cbjum cbrnmhi obphgh Hjjha UPW,
h`hr mbithhtn Uyhrnht Nsjhm (mbmbjuo Nsjhm) suphyh ihitniyh ghpht
angup chah`nh ghi sbfhatbrh gn guinh ghi hoanrht.
Ghrn urhnhi pbi`brtnhi ghowha gn hths, chno sbehrh ju`ahwn hthu
btnmkjk`n mhupui sbehrh nstnjha hthu tbrmnikjk`n, mhoh ghowha hghjha
suhtu ushah ghjhm rhi`oh prksbs Nsjhmnshsn
Ns jhmnshsn mhiusnh h`hr thht ghi tbthp
mbithhtn hfhrhi Nsjhm `uih mbmpbrkjba obchah`nhhi angup gn guinh
ghi gn hoanrht objho. Ghowha hghjha suhtu nstnjha yhi` oausus yhi`
gnpbr`uihohi gn ghjhm h`hmh Nsjhm. 2 
Jhju hph yhi` gn mhosug hihtkmn njmu ghowha ;. ohjk onth urut ghrn
hwhj, mbi`hmcnj sbmuh obsnmpujhi ghrn pbi`brtnhi gnhths, mbiurut
shyh, sni`ohtiyh pbi`brtnhi hihtkmn njmu ghowha hghjha struotur njmu
ghowha. Hthu struotur ch`hnmhih ehrh onth mbiybru hthu mbi`hfho
sbsbkrhi` sbehrh snstbmhtns ghi bdbotnd obphgh fhjhi yhi` cbihr gnsnsn
hjjha UPW. Gbi`hi gbmnonhi pbi`brtnhi ghowha ihmpho cb`ntu juhs.
Ghjhm objuhshi tbrsbcut tbrghpht obghjhm gnmbisn,yhi` ghpht
mbmcbrnohi `hmchrhi obphgh oh`nhi ghowha cbrnoutiyh.

C.Gnmbisn Ghowha
Ghjhm ghowha tbrghpht guh gnmbisn cbshr,  pbrthmh, mbiehoup
 pbiyhmphnhi pbshi obcbihrhi, yhntu gnmbisn obrnshjhahi (cn hashi hj-
qhwj/cu hahshi hj-qkuj), sbrth obguh, mbiehoup pbi`hpjnohsnhi injhn
obcbihrhi yhi` mbruphohi gnmbisn obrhamhthi (cn hashi hj hmhj/ cn
hashi hj-ahj).4 

2
 \bi`brtnhi ghowha mbiurut phrh hajn gn hosbs ghrn
attps6//www.whwhshipbigngnohi.ekm/3<87/8</pbi`brtnhi-ghowha-mbiurut-phrh-hajn.atmj,
attps6//www.whwhshipbigngnohi.ekm/3<87/8</pbi`brtnhi-ghowha-mbiurut-phrh-hajn.atmj , 
phgh thi``hj 3< dbcruhrn 3<3< puouj <2.37
4
 Hbp Ousihwhi, M.H`, Gnmbisn Njmu ghowha,Pngyh phgfhgfhrhi,Chigui`,3<<>,ajm. 84.
 

Gnmbisn njmu ghowha tbrch`n mbifhgn 36

8. Cn hashi hj-qkuj
3. Cn hashi hj ahj

E.Gnmbisn obrnshjhahi/Cn hashi hj-qkuj

Gnmbisn obrnshjhahi mbruphohi tuituihi ghrn X.U. Hj-Mhngha 40
ghi Hjn-Nmrki 8<7,gbi`hi mbmbrhiohi tu`hs rhsuj uituo mbiybru
h`hr mhiusnh jbcna mbi`bthaun, mbmhahmn, mbi`ahyhtn ghi
mbi`hmhjohi nsjhm sbch`hn phighi`hi angupiyh.Gbi`hi pbmhahmhi,
 pbi`ahyhthi, ghi pbi`hmhjhi, yhi` gbmnonhi, mhoh Ghowha sbghi`
mbi`hrha obphgh pbruchahi pbrnjhou m mhiusnh
hiusnh phgh tni`oht nignvngu
nignvngu
mhupui objkmpko ob hrha yhi` mhoni nsjhmn, yhntu `bmhr mbiuihnohi
nsjhm. \bruchahi pbrnjhou tbrsbcut mbmui`oniohi hphcnjh ob`nhthi
ghowha ghpht mbmpbi`hruan ththinjhn yhi` gn hiut kjba nignvngu hthu
mhsyhrhoht.
Gbi`hi gbmnonhi, gnmbisn obrnshjhahi
obrnshjhahi   mbiekch mbiumcuaohi
obshghrhi gnrn ghjhm (nignvngu/mhsyhrhoht) tbithi` obcbihrhi injhn ghi
 phighi`hi angup sbehrh nsjhmn (oaususiyh mbiyhi`out nsjhm),
sbani``h tbrfhgn prksbs nitbrihjnshsn injhn nsjhm sbch`hn injhn angupiyh.
Gbi`hi ohth jhni ghowha obrnshjhahi ghjhm prhotboiyh mbruphohi
 prksbs mbi`okmuinohsnohi ghi mbi`nitbrihjnshsnohi
mbi`nitbrihjnshsnohi injhn-inhjn nsjhm.
nsjhm.
Ghjhm ahj nin,
8.Nsjhm mbruphohi sumcbr injhn, ghi
3.Ghowha sbch`hn prksbs hjna injhn.
Ghjhm gnmbisn obrnshjhahi tbrghpht guh cbituo turuihi, yhntu cbituo
nrsyhg ghi cbituo thcjn`a. Obguh cbituo tbrsbcut mbruphohi
 pbi`hchrhi ghrn gnmbisn obrnshjhahi.
 Nrsyhg nhjha pbiybchr juhshi ghjhm nsjhm yhi` shi`ht spbsndno gn
ohjhi`hi shshrhi tbrtbitu. Nh mbihmpnjohi aucui`hi pbrskihj hithrh
 pbmcnmcni` gbi`hi tbrcnmcni`. Nh jbcna cbrkrnbithsn phgh pbmbehahi
mhshjha nignvnguhj yhi` gn hjhmn kjba tbrcnmcni`, sbghi`ohi
 pbmcnmcni` mbmcbrnohi fhjhi objuhr sbch`hn pbmbeha mhshjha
tbrsbcut.
 

  Gnshmpni` ntu, nh fu`h mbiehoup pbiybchr juhshi hfhrhi nsjhm gn

ohjhi`hi h`rb`ht tbrtbitu gbi`hi suhtu pbshi tbrtbitu. \bshi ntu
mbruphohi phobt prk`rhm yhi` gn rhiehi` kjba pbjhou Ghowha. Nh
gnrhiehi` sbehrh cbrthahp shmphn phgh pbrkjbahi thr`bt tbrtbitu.
 Nrsyhg mbmnjnon mhoih nitbrihjnshsn, yhntu prksbs pbihojuohi njahm
thqwh tbrahghp njahm dufur. Nitbrihjnshsn nin sbsuh gbi`hi nsyhrht Xs
0568-1, yhi` mbi`bjhsohi hph yhi` gnjhouohi ihcn muahmhg UHP
sbcbjum mbjhoshihohi ghowha obphgh krhi` jhni. Wufuhiyh h`hr gnrn
sbignrn mbifhgn mhthi`.
 Nrsyhg  fu`h cbrmhoih trhismnsn, yhntu prksbs mbmcbrnthauohi ghi
mbmcnmcni` tbrahghp nignvngu, guh krhi`, tn`h krhi`, hthu objkmpko
obenj (ihsnaha)
(ihsnaha) hthu mbmcbrnohi skjusn hths pbrmhshjhahi obfnwhhi
yhi` gn ahghpn (nstnsydh).
Hghpui thcjn`a mbruphohi suhtu pbiybchrjuhshi hfhrhi nsjhm yhi`

mbmnjnon enrn enrn tbrtbitu. Nh cbrsndht nisngbithj, krhj, mhsshj,

sbrbmkinhj, chaohi okjkshj. Nh tbrcuoh ch`n cbrh`hm
cbrh`h m h`rb`ht sksnhj ghrn
 cbrch`hn ohtb`krn. Nh cbraucui`hi gbi`hi pbrnstnwh pbitni` ghjhm
obanguphi mhiusnh sbehrh nignvnguhj hthu okjbotnd. Gnshmpni` ntu, Nh
 fu`h mbiehoup pbiybchr juhshi hfhrhi nsjhm mbjhjun shrhih
 pbmhiehrhi, hthu shrhih trhismnsn gbi`hi mbi``uihohi bjbotrk
mh`ibtno, yhi` gntbrnmh kjba pbshwht rhgnk mhupui tbjbvnsn. Nh fu`h
 cbrsndht mhsshj , chaohi cnsh thiph chthshi ruhi` ghi wnjhyha.
Whcjn`a  fu`h cbrmhoih 
Whcjn`a  cbrmhoih  gndusn,
gndusn, yhntu prksbs pbiybchrjuhshi hfhrhi
nsjhm gbi`hi chahsh jnshi ghi tujnshi, mbjhjun cbrmhehm mhehm mbgnh
mhssh obphgh krhi` chiyho, chno sbehrh sbrbitho mhupui tbi``hi`
whotu, tngho cbrththp muoh ghi tngho pujh cbrsndht mkikjk`. Whr`bt
ob`nhthi nin hghjha mbi`bihjohi nsjhm.
Rrhnhi gn hths, mbjhanrohi guh prkpksnsn ahonoht ghowha, yhntu6
8.  Chawh nh hghjha prksbs nitbrihjnshsn, trhismnsn, gndusn,
nistntusnkihjnshsn, ghi trhisdkrmhsn nsjhm ghjhm tkthjnths
obanguphi mhiusnh muohjhd `uih mbiehphn ahonoht tufuhi angup
gn guinh onin ghi hoanrht objho.
3.  Chawh prksbs ghowha ghrn sb`n okitbosiyh mbi`ahrusohi
tbrfhgniyh dkous ghi pbmdkoushi ghjhm obtumphi`tnignahi.
 

Cbrch`hn gnmbisn ghi cbituo ghowha gn hths, dkous ob`nhthiyh

tbrgnrn ghrn cbrch`hn rh`hm ob`nhthi. Nrsyhg,
ob`nhthi. Nrsyhg, mbjnputn cnmcni`hi ghi
 pbiyujuahi. Ubghi`ohi thcjn`a, ohfnhi ghowhaiyh mbjhjun mbgnh
mnmchr, mbgnh ebtho, rhgnk, tbjbvnsn, ghi dnjm.

GNMBIUN GHOPHA
CBIWRO DKORU
GHOPHA GHOPHA (CNGHI@)
OB@NHWHI
GHOPHA
Ghowha cn hashi hj Nrsyhg (nitbrihjnshsn Cnmcni`hi
qhuj (obrnshjhahi) ghi trhismnsn)
Okisbjni`
\biyujuahi
\snoktbrhpn Nsjhm
Whcjn`a (trhismnsn Oautcha/oantkcha
ghi gndusn)
Oanthcha
Shgnk
Wbjbvnsn
Dnjm0 

G.Gnmbisn obrhamhthi/Cn hashi hj hmhj (ahj)

Gnmbisn ghowha yhi` obguh hghjha ghowha gnmbisn obrhamhthi
obrhamhthi  
(cn hashi hj ahj/hmhj). Nh mbi`heu obphgh dnrmhi hjjha swt, XU.Hj-

hicnyh6 8<0. Ghowha

mbi`hotuhjnshsnohi nsjhm obrhamhthi nin, (fhjhi
sbch`hn rhamht mbruphohi
angup uphyh
yhi`
mbiybfhatbrhohi,mbmchah`nhohi ghi sbch`hniyh) ghjhm
obanguphi umht mhiusnh. Gbi`hi cb`ntu, ohjhu ghjhm gnmbisn
obrnshjhahi, Ghowha jbcna ekeko sbch`hn ‚mbi`bihjohi nsjhm”
mhoh ghjhm obrhamhthi nin, Ghowha mbruphohi uphyh
mbwufugohi nsjhm ghjhm obanguphi.(Hamhg Phtno
\rhotnoiyh,8>>3,8>8).
Ghjhm Ghowha obrhamhthi nin, yhi` gntuitut ghi gntufu nhjha
umht nsjhm sbehrh tbrus-mbibrus cbrprksbs uituo mbmcuotnohi

0
 Hbp Ousihwhi, M.H`, Gnmbisn Njmu ghowha,Pngyh phgfhgfhrhi,Chigui`,3<<>,ajm. 84-81.
 

vhjngnths Nsjhm yhi` tbjha gn ojhnm sbch`hn rhamhthi jnj hjhmni. 

hjhmni. 
Mhoh, cbituo ohryh Ghowha ghrn gnmbisn nin nhjha cbruph
mbifhchrohi injhn injhn nsjhm ikrmhtnd (ghjhm Xur„hi ghi suiiha)
nsjhm mbifhgn okisbp okisbp obanguphi yhi` ghpht gnjhoshihohi
ghjhm obanguphi sbahrn-ahrn.Ubtbjha ntu, mbi`uphyhohi ch`hnmhih
okisbp kpbrhsnkihjiyh, sbani``h nsjhm tbrsbcut ghpht gbi`hi
mugha gntbrhpohi ghjhm obanguphi iyhth. Rituo mbwufugohi ntu
hgh guh cbituo ghowha jhniyh yhntu thgcnr ghi thtawnr.
Whgcnr nhjha sksnhjnshsn hfhrhi nsjhm obphgh mhg„u  gbi`hi
mbi`kptnmhjohi dui`sn jbmch`h hthu kr`hinshsn ghowha dkrmhj
mhupui iki dkrmhj, sbrth mbiebtho gh„n prkdbsnkihj yhi` sbsuhn
gbi`hi obcutuahi mhsyhrhoht. Whgcnr mbiehoup pujh mhoih
nistntusnkihjnshsn yhntu prksbs mbi`ucha hfhrhi nsjhm mbifhgn
 pbi`hmhjhi, cbruph pbjbmch`hhi, pbi`kr`hinshsnhi sbrth
 pbi`bjkjhhiyh.(Eno Ahshi Cnsrn,8>>>633).

Whtawnr nhjha sksnhjnshsn hfhrhi Nsjhm obphgh mhsyhrhoht mhg„u

uituo mbmpbrtni``n gbrhfht obshjbahi pbrnjhou nignvngu ghi
objkmpko, sbani``h ghpht mbmbehaohi mhshjha yhi` hgh gn
mhsyhrhoht. Whtawnr  fu`h
  fu`h mbiehoup trhisdkrmhsn, mhoihiyh yhntu
 prksbs mbi`ucha hfhrhi Nsjhm mbifhgn pbi`hjhmhi, cbruph
 pbmcbrghyhhi (th`aynr ghi thm
thmoni)
oni) sumcbrghyh nishin, jni`oui`hi
angup ghi bokikmn. 1 

GHOPHA
GNMBIUN CBIWRO DKORU
GHOPHA GHOPHA OB@NHWHI
GHOPHA
Ghowha cn hashi Whgcnr nsjhm \bi`bjkjhhi
Hj-hmhj /ahj (nistntusnkihjnshsn= objbmch`hhi
(obrhamhthi)  pbi`kr`hinshsnhi) Mhsfng
\bi`bjkjhhi
Objbmch`hhi
Mhfbjns thojnm
\bi`bjkjhhi
kr`hinshsn ghowha

1
  Hbp Ousihwhi, M.H`,Gnmbisn
M.H`,Gnmbisn Njmu ghowha,Pngyh phgfhgfhrhi,Chigui`,3<<>,ajm. 37-32.
 

\bi`bjkjhhi
kr`hinshsn pkjntno
nsjhm
\bi`bjkjhhi VNU-
ARV
Obrfhshmh
kr`hinshsn nsjhm

Whtawnr/Whmoni UGM
nsjhm
(trhisdkrmhsn=
 pbmcbrghyhhi ghc
 pbi`bmchi`hi)
BOKIKMN
JNI@ORI@HI

B.UWSROWRS NJMR GHOPHA

Ghjhm njmu ghowha, tbrghpht struotur njmu ghowha yhi` mbjnputn
tbithi` dnjkskdn (ghshr) mbi`bihn uisur-uisur ghowha, tbkrn
mbi`bihn okitbos ghowha, ghi tboino mbi`bihn nitbrhosn hithr
uisur yhi` ghpht mbjhanrohi cbrch`hn prkcjbmhtnoh ghjhm
 cbrghowha. Hghpui struotur njmu ghowha, yhntu mbjnputn njmu
ghshr, njmu tboins ghi njmu chitu.
H.Utruotur Njmu Ghowha ghjhm Uuc Gnsnpjni Njmu Ghshr
Njmu ghshr ghowha mbruphohi suhtu gnsnpjni njmu yhi`

mbmcbrnohi obrhi`oh
mbruphohi shjha shtutbkrn ghi mbtkgkjk`n
ehchi` njmu ghowha ghowha.
yhi` Njmu ghshr nin
mbiuhi`ohi
 prnisnp-prnisnp, phrhgn`mh, obrhi`oh tbkrn,
tbkrn, snstbm, sbrth mbtkgkjk`n
ghowha.
Ghjhm ahj nin, ghowha gnohfn sbehrh njmnha sbsuhn gbi`hi cnghi`
ghi jni`oup ghrn mhshjha mhsni`-mhsni`. Ubghi`ohi, yhi`
tbrmhsuo njmu ghshr sbehrh tbkrn yhntu ghshr-ghshr njmu ghowha ,
dnjshdht ghowha, sbfhrha ghowha, mbtkgkjk`n ghowha, psnokjk`n
ghowha, stugn objuhr`h musjnm, ghshr-ghshr njmu thcjn`a
(pbiyhmphnhi), ghshr-ghshr njmu cnmcni`hi ghi pbiyujuahi nsjhm
(C\N), ghshr-ghshr njmu mhih`bmbi ghowha, sbrth ghshr-ghshr njmu
 pbi`bthauhi mhsyhrhoht nsjhm .
 

  C. Utruotur Njmu Ghowha ghjhm Uuc Gnsnpjni Njmu Wboins

Njmu tboins ghowha mbruphohi suhtu gnsnpjni njmu yhi`
mbmcbrnohi obrhi`oh tboins ghjhm ob`nhthi cbrghowha. Hghpui
njmu ghowha tboins tbrch`n mbifhgn bmpht objkmpko cbshr, yhntu
sbch`hn cbrnout6
8. Wboikjk`n Whcjn
Whcjn`a
`a (Njmu tbons okm
okmuinohsn
uinohsn ghi pbiynhrhi Nsjhm)
Ghjhm tboikjk`n nin, tbrghpht cbcbrhph okmpkibi gn ghjhmiyh,
yhntu tboino oanthcha, pbjnputhi cbrnth ghowha, pbiujnshi thfuo
rbiehih ghi dhturb ghowha, pbi`bmchi`hi mhfjns th„jnm, `bk`rhdn
Nsjhm, obcnfhohi ghi strhtb`n nidkrmhsn Nsjhm, ohndnyha (thth ehrh)
mufhahgha, ghi jhni sbch`hniyh.
3. Wboikjk`n Nrsyhg (Njmu tboins cnmcni`hi ghi pbiyujuahi
Nsjhm)

Okmpkibi Nsjhm,
 pbiyujuahi yhi` obsbahthi
tbrmhsuo mbithj,
ghjhm psnoktbrhpn
tboikjk`n Nsjhm,
nin yhntu
Nsjhm tboino
, mbtkgkjk`n
 pbibjntnhi pbiyujnahi Nsjhm, okuinohsn hithrh prnchgn ghi objkmpk,
ohndnyha mufhahgha, \\M, mhupui yhi` jhniiyh.
5. Wboikjk`n Whgcnr (njmu tboins mhih`bmbi ghowha)
Ghjhm Objkmpko njmu tbons nin, okmpkibi-okmpkibi yhi`
 cbrohnthi hithrh jhni tboins mhihfbmbi kr`hinshsn nsjhm, mhihfbmbi
 pbjhtnahi ghowha, mhihfbmbi pbi`bmchi`hi jbmch`h ghowha,
mhihfbmhi chio Nsjhm hthupui CMW, kr`hinshsn nsjhm
Nitbrihsnkihj, mhihfbmhi okpbrhsn, \\M, ghi sbch`hniyh.
7. Wboikjk`n thtawnr (njmu tboins pbi`bmchi`hi mhsyhrhoht
Nsjhm)
Ghjhm tboins pbi`bmchi`hi mhsyhrhoht Nsjhm, okmpkibi yhi`
tbrmhsuo gn ghjhmiyh yhntu tboins pbiyujuahi Nsjhm, obsbahthi
mbithj, psnoktbrhpn Nsjhm, mbtkgb pbibjntnhi pbiyujuahi Nsjhm,
okmuinohsn hithrh prnchgn ghi objkmpko, ohndnyha mufhahgha, ghi
jhni-jhni.
E. Utruotur Njmu Ghowha ghjhm Uuc Gnsnpjni Njmu chitu
Njmu chitu ghowha mbruphohi shjha shtu gnsnpjni njmu yhi`
tbkrniyh ghpht mbmchitu `uih mbi`bmchi`ohi tbkrn-tbkrn ghowha
 

hthupui mbmhahmn ahonoht ghowha. Hghpui okmpkibi yhi`

tbrmhsuo ob ghjhm njmu chitu ghowha hithr
hit hr jhni ‑ujumuj Xur„hi,
‑ujumuj Ahgnts, usauj dnqa, thdsnr, Ahgnts, sbfhrha pbrghphi Nsjhm,
njmu okmuinohsn, psnokjk`n, sksnkjk`n, hitrkpkjk`n, ghi dnjshdht.
Ubghi`ohi, tbrghpht cbcbrhph aucui`hi hithrh njmu ghowha
gbi`hi njmu-njmu
njmu-njmu jhniiyh, yhntu sbch`hn cbrnout6
8. Aucui`hi hithrh njmu chitu ghowha gbi`hi njmu h`hmh Nsjhm
Njmu h`hmh Nsjhm,
Nsjhm, gn ghjhm
ghjhmiyh
iyh tbrgnrn ghrn cbcbrhph njm
njmu,hithrh
u,hithrh
jhni mbi`bihn hqngha, nchgha, syhrn„ha, mhupui hoajhq. Ubghi`ohi
sbmuh njmu h`hmh Nsjhm tbrsbcut mbruphohi mhtbrn ghowha yhi`
gnshmphnohi kjba sbkrhi` gh„n. Fhgn, njmu h`hmh Nsjhm shi`ht
mbmcutuaohi pbrhi njmu ghowha `uih mbi`hosbjhrhsnohi hthupui
mbibrhpohi njmu-njmu tbrsbcut ob ghjhm obanguphi sbahrn-ahrn
sbani``h njmu tbrsbcut ghpht cbrmhidhht ghi tngho ahiyh sbch`hn

 pbi`bthauhi shfh.
3. Aucui`hi hithrh njmu chitu ghowha gbi`hi njmu sksnhj pkjntno
Njmu sksnhj pkjntno mbruphohi sbcuha njmu yhi` mbi`uphs
tbithi` obanguphi sksnhj mhsyhrhoht. Njmu nin ghpht gnohthohi
 cbrohnthi gbi`hi njmu ghowha ggnohrbihohi
nohrbihohi gbi`hi pbrhithrh njmu
nin, ghpht mbmchitu tbrjhoshihiyh ghowha. Ubchc, ghjhm
 cbrghowha, sbkrhi` gh„n ahrus mbi`bthaun
mbi`bthaun   okignsn ghrn phrh
mhg„uiyh, chno okignsn obcutuahi mhupui okignsn sksnhjiyh. 
sksnhjiyh.  
5. Aucui`hi hithrh njmu chitu ghowha gbi`hi njmu ikrmhtnvb
mbtkgkjk`ns
Njmu ikrmhtnvb mbruphohi njmu yhi` mbmcnehrhohi mbi`bihn
 ch`hnmhih sbahrusiyh sbsuhtu tbrsbcut mbifhgn obchjnohi ghrn njmu-
njmu pksntnd yhi` mbmcnehrhohi sbsuhtu mbiurut hph hghiyh.
Ubghi`ohi yhi` tbrmhsuo njmu ikrmhtnvb yhntu njmu pbibjntnhi
hthu rbsbt, njmu jk`noh, njmu cnmcni`hi ghi pbiyujuahi, njmu
rbtkrnoh, njmu pucjnstno hthu okmuinohsn ghi jhni sbch`hniyh >.

> Utruotur
njmu ghowha gn hosbs ghrn 
ghrn  attp6//pnitahdbcrnhity.cjk`spkt.ekm/3<84/<4/struotur-njmu-
ghowha.atmj. \hgh thi``hj 3< dbcruhrn 3<3< puouj 3<.71
ghowha.atmj.
 

 \BIRWR\
Hihtkmn njmu ghowha 6
8.Cn hashi hj qkuj (obrnshjhahi)
h.Nrsyhg
 c.Whcjn`a
3. Cn hashi hj ahj/hmhj (obrhamhthi)
h.Whgcnr
 c.Whtawnr
5. struotur njmu ghowha
h. njmu ghshr,
 c. njmu tboins ghi

e. njmu chitu.
Gbmnonhi pbmchahshi mbi`bihn pbi`bihjhi hihtkmn ghowha
 cbsbrth gnmbisn ghi turuihiyh , ourhi` jbcnaiyh maki mhhd,
tbrnmhohsna.

GHDWHS \RUWHOH
Ousihwhi, Hbp. 3<<>. Gnmbisn Njmu Ghowha. Chigui`6 Pngyh
\hgfhgfhrhi.
Utruotur njmu ghowha gn hosbs ghrn
attp6//pnitahdbcrnhity.cjk`spkt.ekm/3<84/<4/struotur-njmu-
ghowha.atmj. \hgh thi``hj 3< dbcruhrn 3<3< puouj 3<.71
\bi`brtnhi ghowha mbiurut phrh hajn gn hosbs ghrn
attps6//www.whwhshipbigngnohi.ekm/3<87/8</pbi`brtnhi-
ghowha-mbiurut-phrh-hajn.atmj..  \hgh thi``hj 3< dbcruhrn 3<3<
ghowha-mbiurut-phrh-hajn.atmj
 puouj 3<.71.
Gbph` SN, Whrfhmha Hj-Xurhi, Gbph`,Fhohrth, 8>><
 

Hsbp Muaynggni,mbtkgb
Muaynggni,mbtkgb \bi`bmchi`hi Ghowha, Chigui`,
\usthoh Ubtnh, 3<<3.
Hcgurrhamhi Hcguj Oakjno,  Mbtkgb ghi Utrhtb`n Ghowha
 Nsjhm,Chigui`,\usthoh
 Nsjhm, Chigui`,\usthoh Ubtnh, 3<<3.