LHJHBHA

Sgjikbkdi J k l u i i j h s i chi Einkrlhsi Oisiis

Kbga
6

Ckci

2=8=328=08

 L hthj ubiha 6 J kl ui ij hsi

Oisi is
Furushi 6
L hi hjgl gi
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8.8 B ht hr Og bhj hi d

Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi lgruphjhi shbha shtu jgoutuahi pgitiid phch grh sgjhrhid, tgroujti cgidhi ogrjglohidiyh oisiis ci oichid pgbhyhihi iinkrlhsi, l h j h i h i ,
wishth chi pgrohijhi. ]hch cuiih oisiis, Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi cgidhi jklputgr sgohdhi pgiddgrhjiyh, l g l o g r i j h i j gl u c ha hi ohdi phrh pgoisiis uituj

lgidahsibjhi iinkrlhsi yhid rgbgvhi, bgidjhp chi tgpht whjtu. Jgoutuahi gnisigisi whjtu chi oihyh lg iy go ho jhi sgtihp pgbhju oisiis lgrhsh pgrbu lgigrhpjhi
tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chbhl biidjuidhi jgrjh. ]gbhju pgoisiis ohajhi oish lgichpht lhinhht tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi bgwht ogrohdhi pgrhidjht.

Pgkrhid wirhushahwhi ahrus l g l i b i j i sinht yhid oijhjshih chbhl lgijhbhijhi oisiis, shbha shtuiyh ahrus lgidgthaui pgbuhid oisiis lgbhbui pgrjglohidhi
tgjikbkdi chi iinkrlhsi. Jgtiiddhbhi pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i l g l o u h t oisiis ogrjhbhi jurhid ohij ohajhi ohidjrut. Jghchhi phshr
chpht ogruoha jhphi shjh, sgaiiddh pgidushah cituitut uituj l u c h a ogrhchpthsi cgidhi ogrohdhi situhsi chi jkicisi.

Pgjhj hchiyh iitgrigt, sgdhbh sgsuhtu tgithid oisiis l g ij h c i bgoia lucha, gnisigi chi gngjtin. ]gidduihhi iitgrigt chbhl oisiis ogruoha chri nuidsi sgohdhi hbht
uituj pgrtujhrhi iinkrlhsi sg`hrh gbgjtrkiij l gi j hc i hbht uituj hpbijhsi strhtgdi oisiis, sgpgrti pglhshrhi, pgijuhbhi, chi pgbhyhihi pgbhiddhi.. I h l u i sgbhii

cibhjujhiiyh pglhshrhi lgbhbui iitgrigt, judh cibhjujhi pglhshrhi sg`hrh jkivgisikihb. pglhshrhi jkivgisikihb lgbhbui pgbhouahi bhut, phjhi jkithiigr,
cistrioutkr, bglohdh pgijhl ii, ilpkrtir, chi bglohdh ohij. ]glhshrhi jkivgisikihb bgoia ohiyhj yhid tgrbioht ciohiciidjhi pglhshrhi bgwht iitgrigt. ]glhshrhi
ci iitgrigt shlh cgidhi cirg`t lhrjgtiid, c i l h i h j k i s u l g i ograuouidhi bhidsuid cgidhi pgijuhb, whbhupui pgijuhbiyh ogrhch ci buhr igdgri. Ogrchshrjhi urhihi
tgrsgout, pgiubis l g i y u s u i lhjhbha uituj lgidgthaui pgrhi chi c h l ph j chri tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis.
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8.2. _ u l u s h i l h s h b h a

Hchpui rulushi lhshbha chri Lhjhbha iii yhitu 6

8. Hph shjh ]grhi Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi c hi J k l u i i j h s i chbhl cuiih Oisiis ;
2. Hph shjh C hl phj S gj i kbkdi Ei nkrl hsi c hi J kl ui ij hsi c hbhl c ui ih
Oisi is;

8.0. S u j u h i ] g i u b i s h i L h j h b h a

Hchpui tujuhi chri pgiubishi lhjhbha iii yhitu 6

0. Wituj lgidgthaui pgrhi Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi c hi J k l u i i j h s i chbhl cuiih oisiis

3. Wituj lgidgthaui c h l p h j Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi c hi J k l u i i j h s i chbhl cuiih oisiis

 
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2.8 Sgj ikbkdi E i nkr l hs i   Oi s i i s

Pijbus iinkrlhsi cilubhi chri hchiyh chth. Chth lgruphjhi nhjth yhid cijulpubjhi chri jgaicuphi sgahri-ahri. Wituj lgidahsibjhi iinkrlhsi l h j h chth ahrus
ciprksgs, chth cikbha cgidhi lgtkcg tgrtgitu, ohij cgidhi `hrh sgcgrahih hthupui l g i d d u i h j h i prksgcur yhid jklpbgjs. Einkrlhsi yhid ciahsibjhi hphoibh
citgrhpjhi chbhl suhtu krdhiishsi, l h j h iinkrlhsi hjhi l g i j h c i jgoijhjhi krdhiishsi. Pgbhijutiyh jgoijhjhi yhid citgrhpjhi tgrsgout hjhi l glpgidhruai
jgoihshhi jgrjh hthu ouchyh jgrjh krdhiishsi.Ogditubha sgtgrusiyh, sistgl tgrsgout hjhi ogrputhr l g i j hc i sgouha sijbus iinkrlhsi. Fhci tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi hchbha
tgjikbkdi yhid ciduihjhi uituj lgidkbha chth sgaiiddh chth chpht ciuoha l g i j hc i iinkrlhsi (Juslhyhci, 2=81).

Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi ciogchjhi l gi j h c i 2 jgiis yhitu Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi jkivgisikihb chi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi l k c g r i . Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi jkivgisikihb
lgruphjhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi sg`hrh trhcisikihb sgchidjhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi l k c g r i ihbha tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi yhid tgbha l g i d d u i h j h i iitgrigt. ]hch tgjikbkdi
iinkrlhsi jkivgisikihb, `gicgruid l g i d u t h l h j h i pgrtgluhi bhidsuid sgaiiddh ruhid dgrhj ciohthsi kbga jhrhj chi whjtu. Pgbhii itu, tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi
jkivgisikihb bgoia l g l o u t u a j h i ohiyhj oihyh kpgrhsikihb. ]hch tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi l k c g r i , sgdhbh sgsuhtu tgbha ogrbhichsjhi iitgrigt, sgaiiddh sgdhbh jgdihthi

 oisiis tichj tgrohths ruhid chi whjtu sgrth bgoia gnisigi chi gngjtin (Uubihih, 2=2=).

  Jgbgoiahi chri tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi oisiis jkivgisikihb ihbha chpht l g l i i h l i bi s i r tgrjhciiyh pgiipuhi chi pgiyilphidhi chth jhrgih chth yhid cichpht ihbha
chth bhidsuid chri ihrhsulogr sgchidjhi jgjurhidhiiyh yhitu oihyh yhid cijgbuhrjhi bgoia lhahb chi bgoia ogshr hphbhdi uituj chgrha cgidhi jhidjhuhi ogch
igdhrh chi ogch ogiuh. Jgbgoiahi chri tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi oisiis l k c g r i ihbha ruhid dgrhj ogohs chi tichj tgrohths, chpht l gijhid jhu aiiddh ogch igdhrh chi
 ogiuh, iitgrhjsi bgoia gnisigi jhrgih oihyh yhid cioutuajhi bgoia sgcijit sgchidjhi jgjurhidhi chri tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi l k c g r i ihbha hchiyh j g l u i d j i i h i
tgrjhciiyh pgiipuhi chi jgjhahthi `yogr.
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2.8 Sgj i kbkdi J k l u i i j h s i   O i s i i s

Sgjikbkdi j k l u i i j h s i lgruphjhi tgjikbkdi chbhl pgiygohrhi Einkrlhsi ohij uituj tiidjht rgdikihb l hu pu i iitgrihsikihb. Sgjikbkdi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis hch
 ogrohdhi l h ` h l yhitu shtgbit, Eitgrigt, G-`kllgr`g, Sv, Ahicpakig chi ogrohdhi hpbijhsi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis bhiiiyh. ]grjgl ohid hi tgjikbkdi jklputgr l g l o u h t

sgkrhid pgoisiis l g i j h c i bgoia l u c ha uituj lgbhjujhi chi lgijhbhijhi nuidsi oisiis pgrushahhi. Chri jklputgr pubh ogrohdhi hpbijhsi, dhlohr-dhlohr l g ih r i j ,
ijbhi chi ogrohdhi nhjtkr pgicujuid jgograhsibhi oisiis ciouht chi cisgohrjhi jgsgburua pgijuru cuiih. Pgbhii itu, jklputgr sgiciri judh tgbha l gi j h c i oisiis yhid
`ujup l gi j hi j i j hi , lishbiyh sgpgrti jhsh pgiygwhhi jklputgr hthu yhid bgoia jith jgihb cgidhi istibha whrigt hthu whruid iitgrigt (Halhc, 2=82).

  ]gr jgl o hidhi tgjikbkdi j k l u i i j h s i chi iinkrlhsi lgruphjhi sgouha trgic yhid tichj chpht ciogicuidi. ]hch dbkohbishsi tgbha lgidhithr pgrjglohidhi
 ogrohdhi hspgj jgaicuphi. Jgahcirhi tgjikbkdi j k l u i i j h s i c hi iinkrlhsi cgidhi jg`hiddiahi chi j gl u c ha hi l g l o u h t l g l i b i j i juhbiths chi sthichr aicup yhid
bgoia ohij ohajhi `gicgruid lucha. Kbga jhrgih itu,pglgrhthhi p g l h a h l h i tgrahchp tgjikbkdi iii lgruphjhi chshr ogrpijhj ohdi uituj chpht l g l h s u j i grh
dbkohbishsi yhid pgiua thithidhi. Wshah liiilhbishsi jgsgijhidhi pgidgthauhi (jikwbgcdg cgvicg), tgruthlh pgidgthauhi tgithid tgjikbkdi chpht l g i c k r k i d

 ogrjurhidiyh jgsgijhidhi jgsgjhatgrhhi (prkspgrity cgvicg) chbhl lhsyhrhjht.

] g l h a h l h i tgrahchp ogrohdhi pktgisi pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi chi sthichr yhid cilibijiiyh l g l u i d j i i j h i lhshyhrhjht chpht lgidkptilhbjhi
 pgidduihhi tgjikbkdi j k l u i i j h s i yhid hch. Estibha dhdhp tgjbkikdi chi ourua tgjikbkdi tgrbgoia bhdi jgsgijhidhi cidithb hjhi jhua chri lhsyhrhjht Eickigsih
hphoibh sg`hrh tkthbiths tgrohidui jgshchrhi ogrshlh pgitiidiyh pgidgthauhi tgithid hspgj tgjikbkdi iii. Sgjikbkdi l g l h i d chpht l g l o g r i ogrohdhi c hl p hj
 pksitin chi igdhtin, tgthpi cgidhi p g l h a h l h i yhid phripurih tgrjhit prkobglhtijh chi c i i h l i j h tgjikbkdi yhid ogrjglohid, l h j h sgtihp iicivicu chi lhsyhrhjht
yhid hch ci sgouha Igdhrh hjhi l gi j h c i ]giduhsh tgjikbkdi chi oujhi sgohbijiyh

 
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] g r j g l o h i d h i Sgjikbkdi E i n k r l h s i c h i J k l u i i j h s i Oisiis

  _gvkbusi iicustri grht jhithiiyh cgidhi pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i j h s i oisiis, chi lgruphjhi shbha shtu pgruohahi `hrh aicup
chi prksgs jgrjh lhiusih sg`hrh nuichlgithb, c i l h i h cgidhi j gl h juh i tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chpht lgidiitgdrhsijhi chbhl cuiih jgaicuphi cgidhi cidithb

yhid chpht l g l o g r i j h i c h l p h j ohdi sgburua cisipbii iblu. Cgidhi pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi yhid ogrjglohid sg`hrh pgsht lg id h bhl i
tgrkokshi cihithrhiyh cioichid hrtini`ihbb iitgbbgdgit, c i l h i h tgjikbkdi jklputgr yhid lgidhckpsi jghabihi sgsgkrhid jgchbhl suhtu hpbijhsi yhid

 ogrohsis tgjikbkdi c h i lgbhairjhi tgjikbkbkdi iinkrlhsi c h i prksgs prkcujsi yhid cijgichbijhi sg`hrh ktklhtis. Cgidhi bhairiyh tgjikbkdi cidithb shht iii

 phch rgvkbusi iicustri 3.= ogrchlphj tgrahchp jgaicuphi l hiusih cisgburua cuiih tgruthlh oichid oisiis.

Hchiyh tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis yhid `hiddia l g l o u h t lui`ubiyh oisiis trhispkrthsi kibiig sgpgrti Dk-Fgj ,Wogr chi Drho

c i l h i h l g i u i j u j h i iitgdrhsi hjtiviths lhiusih cgidhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi, sgaiiddh lgidhjiohtjhi pgrtulouahi g j k i k l i s g l h j i i l g i i i d j h t . Pgogbul

Grh rgvkbusi iicustri 3.= trhispkrthsi l h sia ogrsinht jkivgisikihb sgpgrti kjgj, thjsi chi hidjkt, i h l u i phch grh rgvkbusi iicustri 3.= lkcgb trhispkrthsi

jkivgisikihb iii sucha sgcijit ciduihjhi kbga lhsyhrhjht, c i l h i h chpht tgrbiaht hithrh thjsi jkivgisikihb vgrsi thjsi kibiig hthu kjgj phidjhbhi cgidhi

kjgj kibiig, cgidhi pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi yhid s g l h j i i ogrjglohid sg`hrh pgsht lkcgb trhispkrthsi jkivgisikihb lkcgb trhispkrthsi yhid lgl h inhh tjh i

cgidhi sistgl hpbijhsi ogrohsis iitgrigt l g i j h c i hbht trhispkrthsi yhid cilhinhhtjhi lhsyhrhjht uituj jgpgitiidhi lkoibiths lhiusih, ch l ph jiyh puobij

l g i j h c i bgoia l u c h a lgich phtjhi bhyhihi trhispkrthsi chi ohajhi cgidhi ahrdh yhid shidht tgrjhidjhu. Chri siii chpht tgrbiaht ohawh

 pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi iitgrigt l gl p gid h r u a i jhbhiiyh suhtu oisiis (Halhc, 2=82) .

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0.8 ] g r h i Sgjikbkdi E i n k r l h s i c h i J k l u i i j h s i c h b h l c u i i h Oisiis

]grhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis, yhitu 6

8. ] gr hi K pgrhsi ki hb

  ]hch suhtu oisiis, tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j hs i oisiis l g l i b i j i pgrhi sgohdhi kpgrhsikihb chri jgbhidsuidhi oisiis tgrsgout. Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j hs i hjhi l g i j hc i
iinrhstrujtur chshr chri suhtu oisiis sgaiiddh l h i h j g l g i chri oisiis tgrsgout bgoia tgrjhidjhu chi bgoia sgcgrahih. ]hch pgrushahhi, phrh jhryhwhi hjhi tgrauouid sg`hrh `gpht lgbhbui
l h i h j g l g i tgjikbkdi yhid hch phch pgrushahhi tgrsgout.

2. ] grhi l ki itkrii d chi `ki trkbii d

  Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j hs i hjhi lg ij hci bhichshi uituj l g l k i i t k r sgtihp pgjgrjhhi, ahsib prkcujsi , pgidgbuhrhi chi pglhsujhi chri oisiis hthu ushah yhid cijhbhijhi.
Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi yhid ciduihjhi uituj lgidhwhsi jhbhiiyh oisiis sgpgrti tgjikbkdi ``tv, jhlgrh tgrsglouiyi, tgjikbkdi yhid ciduihjhi uituj lgidkitrkb ahsib prkcujsi yhitu pgraituidhi
chi pgidkbhahi chth l g i d d u i hj h i hpbijhsi ogrohsis jklputgr.

0. ]grhi pgrgi`hihhi chi pgidhloibhi jgputushi

  Jg`hiddiahi tgjikbkdi shht i ii chpht l g l p r g c i j s i jgjhcihi yhid hjhi chthid. _hlhbhl prgcijsi jguituidhi, jgrudihi, hiddhrhi pgijuhbhi chi hiddhrhi pgichphthi chbhl oisiis cichpht
chri pgidkbhahi chth l g i d d u i h j h i li`rksknt gx`gb. Cgid hi tgjikbkdi li`rksknt gx`gb chpht l g i d a i t u i d chi lgbhbujhi pgidkbhahi phch riouhi chth yhid hch. Lgbhbui pgidkbhahi chth
tgrsgout hjhi lui`ub suhtu jgsilpubhi sgaiiddh chpht l g l p r g c i j s i jgjhcihi pgbuhid oisiis yhid hjhi lgicht hi d. Lgbhbui prgcijsi tgrsgout, l h j h chpht citgitujhi rgi`hih jgoijhjhi
ogrchshrjhi chth yhid hch.

3. ] gr hi J kl ui i j hsi

  Lgbhbui Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i , suhtu oisiis chpht c i j k l u i i j h s i j h i jgphch jahbhyhj rhlhi lgbhbui sphicuj, ijbhi ci tgbgvisi, gickrsg ci lgcih sksihb chi ijbhi cijkrhi.
Pgbhii sgohdhi lgcih j k l u i i j h s i prkcuj oisiis, tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j hs i judh sgohdhi lgcih j k l u i i j hs i hithrh prkcusgi chi j k i s u l g i , hthupui prkcusgi chi cistrioutkr.
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0.2 C h l p h j Sgjikbkdi E i n k r l h s i c h i J k l u i i j h s i Oisiis

  Lhiunh`tur yhid tgriitgdrhsi cgidhi jklp ut gr l g l o u h t sgjulbha iinkrlhsi yhid ogrduih chpht cijulpubjhi chi ciphithu cgidhi sgdgrh. ]glhithuhi ahsib prkcujsi, pgi`hththi ahsib
 prkcujsi, pgidahsibhi sgrth pgidgbuhrhi chpht cishjijhi sg`hrh tgrphcu cgidhi jgshbhahi yhid rgbhtin jg`ib l g i d d u i h j h i sistgl jklp ut gr yhid `hiddia. Jgtgrsgcihhi hbht-hbht yhid cioutuajhi
sgpgrti jklputgr, skntwhrg chi phjgt-phjgt drhnis yhid l g l u c h a j h i pgidduihhi ogrchlphj phch pgidkbhahi chth phrh hjuithi. Jklputgr sgohdhi pgidauouid j k l u i i j h s i j g sistgl
 pgrushahhi, skntwhrg chi phjgt drhnis l g l u c h a j h i chbhl lgidhihbisis uit uj l g i d d u i h j h i iinkrlhsi tgrsgout.

Hchiyh tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis l g l o g r i j h i c h l p h j pksitin, yhitu 6

8. Lui`ubiyh icg oisiis ohru ogrohsis G - ` k l l g r ` g

  Lui`ubiyh G- `kl l gr` g l g l o u h t phrh pgoisiis tichj tgrahloht jhrhj chi whjtu.G-`kllgr`g lgruphjhi lkcgb pgrchdhidhi cgidhi pglohyhrhi G-`kllgr`g lgbhbui iitgrigt ohijiid
sgaiiddh l g l o g r i j h i j g l u c h a h i ohdi phrh pgoisiis chi j k i s u l g i . Eitgrigt o hi j i i d lgruphjhi bhyhihi pgrohijhi l g i d d u i h j h i j k i g j s i iitgrigt. Bhyhihi pgrohijhi yhid chpht cihjsgs
iitgrigt ohi j i i d yhitu pglgrijshhi shbck, trhisngr uhid chi l g l o h y h r thdiahi. Jguituidhi chri iitgrigt o hi j i i d yhitu l g i d a g l h t whjtu, l g i d a g l h t oihyh chi bgoia gnisigi. Hchiyh iitgrigt
 ohij iid l g l o g r i j h i jgbgbuhshhi uit u j lgbhjujhi trhishjsi thiph ohthshi whjtu chi tglpht.

2. L ui `ubi yh oisi is ki bii g

  Oisiis kibiig lgruphjhi suhtu oisiis yhid ogrdgrhj cicuiih lhyh. ]hrh pgijuhb yhid l g l p u i y h i oisiis kibiig ahiyh l g l g r b u j h i pbhtnkrl uit uj l g i h whr j hi ohrhid chdhidhiiyh.
]bhtnkrl oisiis kibiig yhid tgrjgihb sgpgrti sakpgg, bhzhch, cbb lgruphjhi pgbuhid oisiis yhid ohij.

0. L ui `ubi yh bhphi dhi pgj grjhhi ohru

Jhrgih pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis, l g l o u h t ohiyhj lui`ubiyh bhphidhi pgjgrjhhi yhid ohru. Lui`ubiyh ohiyhj pgrushahhi yhid i i d i i lgbuhsjhi
`hjuphi oisiisiyh phch oichid G- `kl lg r` g l g l o u h t pgjgrjhhi ohru sgpgrti bhyhihi akstiid chi jhsh pglouhthi wgositg ogrlui`ubhi.
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  I h l u i , tgrchpht judh c h l p h j igdhtin chri Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi chi J k l u i i j h s i oisiis, yhitu

8. Hchi yh pgi i puhi

  ]giipuhi lgbhbui pbhtnkrl ogbhijh kibiig shidht sgriid tgrjhci. Lubhi chri ohrhid tichj sgsuhi dhlohr, ohrhid tichj c i j i r i l sgtgbha pglohyhrhi hthupui pgidirilhi ohrhid rushj. Wituj itu
chbhl ogrtrhishjsi kibiig ahrusbha ograhti-ahti hdhr tgraiichr chri pgiipuhi.

2. Hchi y h pgrchdhi dhi ibgdhb

  Jg`hiddiahi tgjikbkdi shht i i i l g l o u h t oisiis ibgdhb l u c h a cibhjujhi. Oisiis ibgdhb sgpgrti trhishjsi ihrjkoh, dhijh, pgijuhbhi hihj chpht cibhjujhi lgbhbui iitgrigt

ohijiid. 0. Hchiyh jhsus `rh`jiid

  @rh`jiid lgruphjhi ushah pglokokbhi suhtu sistgl uit uj lgichphtjhi chth chri suhtu pgrushahhi hthu suhtu oisiis. Siichjhi ii i shidht ogrohahyh jhrgih chpht lgrushj sistgl chi chpht
lgiygohoj hi jgrudihi yhid ogshr. Wituj itu, j g h l h i h i yhid tiiddi cipgrbujhi hdhr ushah `rh`jiid tichj ograhsib.
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PH_HI
3.8 J g s i l p u b h i

Jgsilpubhi chri lhjhbha iii yhitu 6

8. Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis l g l i b i j i pgrhi kpgrhsikihb, sgohdhi lk ii tk rii d chi pgidkitrkb, sgohdhi
 pgrgi`hihhi chi pgidhloibhi jgputushi, sgrth sgohdhi l gc i h j k l u i i j h s i

2. Sgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis l g l i b i j i ch lp hj pksitin chi chlp h j igdhtin. C h l p h j pksitin chri tgjikbkdi
iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i oisiis yhitu hchiyh G-`kllgr`g, hchiyh oisiis kibiig chi tgroujhiyh bhphidhi pgjgrjhhi ohru.
C h l p h j igdhtin chri tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k l u i i j h s i yhitu rgithi pgiipuhi, lui`ubiyh pgrchdhidhi ibgdhb chi hchiyh
`rh`jiid.

3.2 P h r h i

  Ci grh cidithbishsi shht iii, pgrbu uituj lg l i b h a l h i h yhid ohij chi yhid tichj ohij uituj iicivicu lhsiid-lhsiid. Hdhr
chpht l g l i i h l i b i s i r jgrudihi hjioht pgrjglohidhi tgjikbkdi iinkrlhsi chi j k lu ii j h si .
 OHO. E^ ‐ C H N S H _ ] W P S H J H

Halhc, H. 2=82.]grjglohidhi Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi chi J k l u i i j h s i Hjhr _gvkbusi chi

 ogrohdhi Pthichriyh. Furihb Chjwha Shobida. ^kb 80(8) 6 8-88.

Juslhyhci, G. _. 2=81.Lkcub Sgjikbkdi Einkrlhsi chi Jk lui ij hs i. Ukdyhjhrth6 WDL.

Uubihih, K. U. 2=2=.]gidduihhi Sgjikbkdi Eitgrigt Chbhl Oisiis.Furihb Hjuithisi chi Jguhidhi. ^kb. 2(8) 60=-3=.