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\@G@\HR
Nhth Euamhj
S`dymbmehd R`npht S`rehrh bhd @esjunhsm
Ka`j?
Vhwhd Yufmrnhd
8937<88:333<
S`nlmnlmdf?
br. Hdbrm Hdbrmhd \usnhd, Yp.GN., N.E`s.
LHL M
S@DBHJPAPHD
nhupud luehd.
Shbh r`g`rht mdm hehd bmo`ahsehd p`df`rtmhd kahj RES bhahn hsp`e n`bms bhd
p`rhdhd bket`r
b ket`r gkr`dsme bhahn kahj RES. Nht`rm mdm bmjhrhpehd bhpht n`dohbm lhjhd
r`g`r`dsm udtue n`dfuhshm kahj RES hsp`e n`bms.
n`b ms.
8
LHL MM
RMDOHPHD SPYRHEH
Rufhs uthnh p`tufhs RS-RES jhdyh udtue n`dfhnhdehd RES hfhr t`thp
bhahn ekdbmsm sthtus quk t`thpm tmbhe udtue n`aheuehd Kahj RES.
<
Shbh suhtu t`npht e`ohbmhd p`rehrh (RES) udsur Ekrlhd (E), S`aheu (S) bhd
Haht (H) yhdf bmphehm n`aheuehd e`ohjhthd l`rt`nu s`jmdffh t`rohbm ekdthe shtu
shnh ahmd bhd n`dfhemlhtehd hbhdyh p`rpmdbhjhd nht`rmha bhrm udsur (E)(S)(H) shtu
b`dfhd yhdf ahmddyh, s`rth bhrm bhd e` RES. 8
Kahj RES bmaheuehd ka`j p`tufhs yhdf n`nhjhnm lhfhmnhdh n`aheuehd
kahj RES. S`tufhs Kahj RES jhrus bml`rmehd p`ramdbudfhd bhd e`l`lhshd bhahn
n`aheuehd Kahj RES l`rbhshrehd prmdsmp-prmdsmp manu gkr`dsme. S`tufhs Kahj RES
mb`hadyh t`rbmrm bhrm Bket`r Skamsm udtue lhrhdf luetm lmkakfms, S`tufhs Mb`dt udtue
8
bkeun`dthsm, smbme ohrm, se`tsh RES bhd S`tufhs Ahlgkr udtue lhrhdf luetm gmsme.
9
Nhdho`r RES hbhahj p`tufhs yhdf n`nmnpmd lhme RS-RES bhd hthu Kahj
RES, bhd phbh unundyh jhdyh n`dfhtur lhfhmnhdh prks`bur bm RES bmaheuehd,
dhnud tmbhe n`aheuehd Kahj RES. Y`krhdf nhdho`r RES hehd n`df`thjum s`fhah
s`suhtu yhdf t`rohbm bm RES l`rbhshrehd ahpkrhd bhrm krhdf-krhdf yhdf t`ramlht bm
RES.8
Y`krhdf bket`r hjam gkr`dsme bhpht bmnmdth udtue n`aheuehd Kahj RES bhrm
hsp`e n`bme gkr`dsmedyh. E`t`rhdfhd yhdf bmshnphmehd ka`j bket`r hjam gkr`dsme
t`rs`lut s`t`ahj n`aheuehd Kahj RES hsp`e N`bme Gkr`dsme bhpht n`nl`rmehd
p`tudoue p`dtmdf s`p`rtm o`dms e`nhtmhd,
e`nhtmhd , p`remrhhd ahnh e`nhtmhddyh, p`remrhhhd ihrh
e`nhtmhd bhd n`ehdmsn` e`nhtmhddyh bhd jha-jha ahmd yhdf t`rehmt b`dfhd
e`manuhddyh.8 Y`ahmd p`n`rmeshhd hwha ekrlhd bm RES, bket`r l`rtufhs n`dhdfhdm
lhrhdf luetm dkd n`bms yhdf n`d`np`a phbh tuluj ekrlhd bhd lhrhdf luetm n`bme. <
Bhahn n`dihrm lhrhdf luetm, bhpht bmfudhehd l`l`rhph n`tkb` s`p`rtm 9 ?
2
RES. Hphlmah bhahn f`rhehd t`rs`lut shnphm bmuoudf smsm a`lhr yhdf ahmd
nheh nhsmdf-nhsmdf l`rputhr e`hrhj s`nuah. N`tkb` mdm lhme udtue bh`rhj
yhdf l`ra`r`df.
0
Shbh `rh t`edkakfm nhou shht mdm, l`l`rhph stubm n`dfhthehd lhjwh nkb`a
p`n`thhd 9 bmn`dsm subhj l`rjhsma n`nlhdtu kahj RES phbh n`bhd yhdf suamt hthu
n`nlutujehd e`t`amtmhd yhdf tmdffm. Dhnud hbh l`l`rhph jha yhdf p`rau bmt`amtm bhd
bmp`rtmnlhdfehd udtue n`nluht nkb`a 9 bmn`dsm t`rs`lut, t`rnhsue e`hlshjhddyh
bhahn jueun lhme dhsmkdha nhupud mdt`rdhsmkdha. 2
7
l. S`rau bmpmemrehd ihrh p`dfhnhdhd bhd p`rhwhthd lhrhdf luetm bhrm e`rushehd.
b. Bhrhj, sp`rnh bhd amur bmsmnphd bhahn ehssh e`rmdf bhd bmhdfmd hdfmdehd
shnphm e`rmdf ahau bmsmnphd bhahn hnpakp, luehd ehdtkdf pahstme.
`. \hnlut b`dfhd hehrdyh, fmfm, tuahdf, euamt, ktkt bhd s`nuh yhdf l`rehmthd
b`dfhd tuluj nhdusmh bmsmnphd bhahn hnpakp.
Mdv`stmfhsm hb`fhd e`nhtmhd bhpht n`diheup eknlmdhsm bhrm o`dms mdsmb`d bhd
p`n`rmeshhd l`rmeut?
6
`. Mb`dtmgmehsm ekrlhd yhdf suamt, yhdf n`amputm nunmgmehsm bhd p`nlusuehd.
g. Mb`dtmgmehsm ekrlhd l`dihdh l`rurushd b`dfhd lhdyhe p`dy`lhl
:
Bket`r gkr`dsme jhrus gkeus phbh ekdbmsm bm RES. Rhdph mdv`stmfhsm hb`fhd,
lhdyhe mdgkrnhsm l`rjhrfh yhdf bhpht jmahdf. Skmd-pkmd l`rmeut hehd l`rgudfsm
s`lhfhm phdbuhd:,= ?
=
fmfmthd,7 lhme phbh tuluj ekrlhd nhupud phbh tuluj t`rshdfeh p`aheu
e`ohjhthd. Y`p`rtm jhadyh l`ehs fmfmthd phbh nhehdhd, hdthrh ahmd bhpht
bmp`rka`j fhnlhrhd n`df`dhm ?
L`dtue a`dfeudf fmfm b`phd 5
Sksmsm a`the fmfm b`phd 5
Knpkdf/tmbhedyh fmfm b`phd.
Y`ahmd mtu bhpht puah bme`thjum o`dms fkakdfhd bhrhj p`aheu yhdf
n`dffmfmt n`ahaum p`n`rmeshhd smsh hmr amur yhdf t`rbhpht bms`e`amamdf l`ehs
fmfmthd b`dfhd lhdtuhd p`n`rmeshhd s`rkakfms/p`n`rmeshhd BDH. 9,83
Shbh p`d`nuhd o`dhzhj / e`rhdfeh, smght fmfm f`amfm yhdf bhpht thjhd
ahnh l`rfudh bhahn e`p`rauhd mb`dtmgmehsm. B`dfhd n`aheuehd p`n`rmeshhd
e`hbhhd fmfm f`amfm bhahn rkdffh nuaut o`dhzhj/e`rhdfeh, bhpht bmp`rka`j
mdgkrnhsm hdthrh ahmd ?
Pnur 5
E`lmhshhd/prkg`sm 5
83
\hs 5
Fkakdfhd bhrhj 5
Imrm-imrm ejhs (t`ruthnh phbh fmfm b`phd) 5
S`remrhhd rhut nueh.
Bhahn s`tmhp p`dhdfhdhd RES, lhme bhahn p`dfkahjhd RES nhupud bhahn
n`d`dtuehd RES, tmbhe n`dutup e`nudfemdhd p`dymbme n`dfhahnm e`suamthd hthu
hbhdyh e`dbhah yhdf bmhahnm bhahn n`nprks`s RES tmdbhe pmbhdh p`nludujhd.
Hbhpud e`dbhah-e`dbhah yhdf lmhsh bmjhbhpm ka`j p`dymbme bhahn uphyh
n`d`dtuehd RES phbh tmbhe pmbhdh p`nludujhd, yhmtu 83 ?
Ghetkr hahn, ghetkr hahn mdm bhpht n`dohbm e`dbhah lhfm p`dymbme bhahn
prks`s p`dhdfhdhd RES ehr`dh bhpht n`rulhj e`hsamhd RES s`p`rtm jhadyh
t`rohbm juohd, phdhs, lhbhm, lhdomr baa.
88
Ghetkr mdt`rdha oufh bhpht n`dohbm p`dfhjhnlht hthu e`dbhah bhahn prks`s
p`dymbmehd RES, nmshadyh eurhdfdyh p`dfhahnhd p`dymbme bhahn p`nhjhnhd
prks`bur p`dhdfhdhd RES, eurhdfdyh tmdfeht e`t`amtmhd shahj shtu p`tufhs
p`dymbme, eurhdfdyh prkg`smkdhamsn` p`tufhs p`dymbme bhahn prks`s p`dhdfhdhd
RES s`jmdffh jhsma-jhsma yhdf s`jhrusdyh bmp`rka`j bm RES tmbhe nhesmnha.8<
E`t`amtmhd bhd e`l`rsmjhd t`ruthnh bhahn n`dfhnlma luetm lmkakfms s`p`rtm BDH
oufh jhrus bmnmamem, ehr`dh luetm t`rs`lut shdfht r`dthd t`rekdthnmdhsm bhd
N`nmamem er`htmgmths.
N`n`amjhrh pkt`dsm iurmfh.
Bmjhrusehd n`dfuhshm jueun bhd p`rhturhd p`rudbhdf-udbhdfhd.
Nhnpu udtue n`df`dbhamehd bmrm.
Ekdsmst`d bhd n`nmamem p`df`thjuhd yhdf tmdffm bhd auhs.
8<
Haht-haht s`p`rtm mtu udtue shht mdm jhdyh bmfudhehd bhd bml`rmehd phbh
E`pkamsmhd Bh`rhj. Pdtue ohohrhddyh, omeh n`n`rauehd haht-haht t`rs`lut, bhpht
n`dfmrmnehd ikdtkj smbme ohrm yhdf subhj hbh udtue bmaheuehd p`rlhdbmdfhd bm
E`pkamsmhd Bh`rhj, jha mdm hehd n`n`rauehd whetu yhdf iueup ahnh yhdf
n`dfhemlhtehd prks`s p`dymbmehd mdm tmbhe l`rohahd `g`etmg. 83
Ghetkr jueun oufh lmsh n`dohbm ghetkr p`dfjhnlht bhahn prks`s p`dfkahjhd
t`npht e`ohbmhd p`rehrh. Pdtue shht mdm, tmbhe hbhdyh p`rhturhd jueun yhdf
n`dfhtur s`ihrh ejusus t`dthdf tufhs p`aheshdhhd bhrm pmjhe E`pkamsmhd udtue
bmaheuehddyh p`dfhnlmahd smbme ohrm s`ihrh e`s`aurujhd lhme krhdf hsmdf yhdf
l`rt`npht tmdffha bm wmahyhj Mdbkd`smh hthu VDM, tmbhe t`rs`bmhdyh lhsms bhth
bhpht n`dohbm p`dfhnlht bhahn prks`s p`dymbmehd ehr`dh smst`n p`d`ausurhd
smbme ohrm b`dfhd ihrh nhduha.83
89
Jueun hihrh pmbhdh l`rtuouhd udtue n`dihrm e`l`dhrhd nht`rma bhrm suhtu
p`rmstmwh pmbhdh. S`d`nuhd e`l`dhrhd nht`rma tmbhe t`ra`phs bhrm suhtu p`nluetmhd
yhdf n`dffhnlhrehd t`dthdf suhtu e`ohbmhd yhdf ekdermt. N`nluetmehd s`suhtu
n`durut jueun pmbhdh l`rhrtm n`dudoueehd jha-jha yhdf bhpht bmthdfehp ka`j phdih
mdbrh, n`dfuthrhehd jha t`rs`lut bhd l`rgmemr s`ihrh akfmeh. S`nluetmhd bhahn
p`rehrh pmbhdh n`durut Shsha 8:2 EPJHS n`n`rauehd
n`n`raueh d hbhdyh haht luetm yhdf shj,
s hj,
yhmtu82 ?
E`t`rhdfhd shesm.
E`t`rhdfhd hjam.
Yurht.
S`tudoue.
E`t`rhdfhd t`rbhewh.
Y`ahdoutdyh bm bhahn Shsha 8:9 EPJHS n`dy`lutehd lhjwh ?
‑ Jhemn
Jhemn tmbhe lka`j n`dohtujehd pmbhdh e`phbh s`krhdf e`iuham hphlmah
s`eurhdf-eurhdfdyh buh haht luetm yhdf shj mh n`np`rka`j e`yhemdhd lhjwh suhtu
tmdbhe pmbhdh l`dhr-l`dhr t`ahj t`rohbm bhd lhjwh t`rbhewhahj yhdf l`rshahj
n`aheuehddyh ‑.
‑.
82
Bhahn s`luhj stubm bmehthehd e`nhnpuhd ahmd yhdf jhrus bmeuhshm shht kahj
RES hbhahj e`nhnpuhd l`reknudmehsm bhd `nphtm t`rjhbhp ekrlhd. 80 Bket`r
80
jmbup t`ruthnh phbh ehsus yhdf bmhdffhp thlu hthu n`nhauehd s`p`rtm EB\R bhd
hsusmah.
87
RES bhpht bmrmams jhdyh s`t`ahj e`smnpuahd bhrm mdv`stmfhsm bm t`npht bhd
p`dfunpuahd luetm n`dy`auruj t`ahj bmprks`s. S`dy`ambme
S` dy`ambme jhrus n`aheuehd
n `aheuehd tmdohuhd
ermtms t`rjhbhp mdv`stmfhsm RES b`dfhd s`nuh p`rskd`a, udtue n`nhsueehd tmdbhehd
l`rmeut?
- Bmseusmehd b`dfhd hdffkth tmn, t`rnhsue yhdf tmbhe jhbmr bm RES,
t`nuhd hwha bhd nhshahj ermtms yhdf nudiua s`ahnh e`ohbmhd.
- N`nhstmehd lhjwh s`nuh luetm yhdf bmmb`dtmgmehsm
bmmb `dtmgmehsm t`rsmnphd.
- S`rhahthd bhd mdv`dthrms.
- B`ekdthnmdhsm p`rhahthd bhd p`rskd`a.
- N`nktr`t bhd / hthu n`r`ehn ekdbmsm t`rhejmr bhrm RES t`rs`lut
86
Bket`r jhrus n`nluht ahpkrhd s`dbmrm (vmsun `t r`p`rtun RES) n`durut hph
yhdf bmhnhtm bhd bmt`nuehd s`dbmrm bhd tmbhe bml`dhrehd meut n`dhdbh thdfhdm jhsma
ahpkrhd yhdf bmluht l`rshnh-shnh hdthrh Skarm, Shnkdf Srhoh bhd s`lhfhmdyh.
Bm bh`rhj bket`r s`rmdf tmbhe n`aheuehd s`dbmrm p`n`rmeshhd RES n`ahmdehd
n`dyuruj s`krhdf nhdtrm e`s`jhthd bhd e`nubmhd meut n`dhdbh thdfhdmdyh fudh
n`np`reuht ahpkrhd nhdtrm t`rs`lut, jha mdm tmbhe bml`dhrehd(phsha <2< EPJS).
8:
LHL MMM
E@YMNSPAHD
8. RES hbhahj R`npht E`ohbmhd S`rehrh hbhahj t`npht bmnhdh t`rohbmdyh suhtu
tmdbhe pmbhdh, bmt`nuehddyh ekrlhd bhd hthu bmt`nuehddyh lhrhdf luetm yhdf
l`rjuludfhd b`dfhd tmdbhe pmbhdh t`rs`lut.
<. Bket`r gkr`dsme s`lhfhm shahj shtu hjam yhdf l`rw`dhdf bhahn kahj RES yhmtu
phbh hsp`e n`bms l`ruph ihrh p`dhdfhdhd lhrhdf luetm lhme lmkakfms nhupud
dkd lmkakfms bhd yhdf hbh bm lhfmhd tuluj ekrlhd nhupud luehd.
9. Hbh l`l`rhph jha yhdf p`rau bmp`rjhtmehd s`l`aun n`aheuehd kahj RES, yhmtu
prks`bur p`ramdbudfhd bmrm, prks`bur kahj RES, bhd prks`bur/t`edme p`dfhnlmahd
shnp`a.
2. Bket`r gkr`dsme l`rp`rhd p`dtmdf bhahn kahj RES bhd prks`s p`rhbmahd ka`j
ehr`dh mtu p`dtmdf udtue n`dfuhshm jha yhdf l`rehmthd b`dfhd kahj RES
t`ruthnh bhahn hsp`e n`bms.
0. Bket`r jhrus mdb`p`db`d bhahn n`nluht jhsma p`n`rmeshhd kahj RES(Wmsun `t
\`p`rtun RES).
8=
Bhgthr Sustheh
8. Lhbhd Bmeaht E`oheshhd. Nkbua E`bket`rhd Gkr`dsme ? Kahj RES bhrm Hsp`e
N`bms. \M. Ohehrth ? <38=.
<. S`rhturhd E`phah E`pkamsmhd D`fhrh \`pulame Mdbkd`smh Dk 8< Rhjhud <388
t`dthdf E`bket`rhd E`pkamsmhd.
9. E`pkamsmhd D`fhrh \M. Ythdbhr Kp`rhsmkdha Srks`bur S`dhdfhdhd Lhrhdf
Luetm.
2. \hd`rm B. @djhdimdf
B. @djhdimdf gkr`dsmi mdv`stmfhtmkd tjrkufj tj` us` kg nkb`rd tjr``-
bmn`dsmkdha (9B) mnhfmdf t`ijdkakfm`s gkr irmn` si`d` r`ikdstruitmkd.
r`ikdstruitmkd .
Hustrhamhd Okurdha kg Gkr`dsmi Yim`di`s Wka 03 (7). <38:.
0. Hrsmhd L, Yhfmrkfau Y. Gmdf`rprmdt Gkr`dsmis md Irmn` Yi`d`? H Iknput`r
Yim`di` Hpprkhij.
Hpprkhij. Mdt`rdhtmkdha Okurdha Kg Mdgkrnhtmkd Y`iurmty Yim`di`
Yim`di`
Wka.: (2). <38=
<38=
7. Ijh EY, Ijk KJ, ]kk ]Y. Mdg`itmkd Nhdhf`n`dt hdb J`hatj Srhitmi`s
Hnkdf Gkr`dsmi Yim`di` Mdv`stmfhtkrs md Ykutj Ekr`h. Okurdha YHF@ Wka 79
(0). <380
<380
6. Gkr`dsmi Yim`di` \`fuahtkr. Rj` Ikdtrka hdb Hvkmbhdi` kg Ikdthnmdhtmkd Md
<3
Dhr`ok DL, Hvhms NH. @xhnmdmdf tj` \ka` kg Gkr`dsmi Yim`di` gkr tj`
8<. Dhr`ok
Mdv`stmfhtmv` ’ Ykautmkd
Ykautmkd kg Irmn`s.
Irmn`s. Ymdbj Pdmv. \`s. Okur. (Yim. Y`r.) Wka.22
(<). <38<
<38<
89. Lsae I. \`buimdf Ikdthnmdhtmkd md Gkr`dsmi Yim`di`.
Yim`di` . Rj`nms? \`s`hrij
Okurdha kg Oustmi` Ytubm`s hdb Gkr`dsmi Yim`di` Wka 9(8<). <380
<380
82. Nkdmth ], Vhjyubjm B. S`rhdhd Bket`r Gkr`dsme bhahn S`nluetmhd S`rehrh
Smbhdh. Gheuaths Jueun Pdmv`rsmths Ohnlm <389
80. Yhabmvhr H. Nmdmnun
H. Nmdmnun @buihtmkd \`qumr`n`dts gkr Irmn` Yi`d`
Yi` d` Mdv`stmfhtkrs.
Rj`nms? \`s`hrij Okurdha kg Oustmi` Ytubm`s hdb Gkr`dsmi Yim`di`? Wka. 0
(83). <386.
87. Yhmgubmd E. Rmdbhehd S`dymbme bhahn N`dfhnhdehd RES bhn E`l`rjhsmahd
<8