QFDG^FD J^SP^P

CFDW^FD EMG^Q
KFDW^DL BFDK^W
 QFDG^FD J^SP^P
CFDW^FD EMG^Q KFDW^DL BFDK^W

Jidtrmcutir

F`eyfr, gjj

Ngmtir
Sfgmtyi Qrfjisi, gjj

Qndnrcmt
Qnremopudfd Gijtnr Ppnsmfbms Jfrgmivfsjubfr Mdgidnsmf

3136
 JFWF QNDLFDWFS

Fssfbfoou'fbfmjuo \r. \c.

Qnrtfof-tfof jfom pfdkftjfd pukm syujur jn efgmrft Fbbfe P\W, yfdl gndlfd rfeoft-
Dyf ofjf cuju Qfdgufd Jursus Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkut (CEKB) gfbfo cfefsf
Mdgidnsmf gfpft gmsnbnsfmjfd.

Cuju mdm onrupfjfd cuju pngiofd udtuj pnbftmefd Fgvfd`ng @frgmf` Bmhn Puppirt
(F@BP) gm snburue Mdgidnsmf. Gmefrfpjfd cfewf cuju mdm gfpft ondkfgm pngiofd gfd
f`ufd cflm pnsnrtf pnbftmefd F@BP snrtf gfpft gmofdhfftjfd sncfmj-cfmjdyf.

Jnpfgf snburue tmo Mdstrujtur F@BP yfdl ondkfgm jidtrmcutir gfd tnbfe cnrsusfe pfyfe
ondyusud cuju mdm, Qndlurus Qusft QNSJM ondlu`fpjfd tnrmof jfsme gfd pndlefrlffd
sntmdllm-tmdllmdyf.

Cuju pngiofd pnbftmefd F@BP mdm fjfd tnrus gmnvfbufsm gfd gmsnopurdfjfd snsufm
gndlfd pnrjnocfdlfd mbou jfrgmibilm.

Qndlurus Qusft
Qnremopudfd Gijtnr Ppnsmfbms Jfrgmivfsjubfr Mdgidnsmf

Gr. gr. Msofd Hmrgfus, Pp.KQ(J), HMEF, HFQPM@, HNP@, HF@@, HP@FM
Jntuf ^ouo QQ QNSJM

mmm
 Gfhtfr Msm

Gfhtfr msm ............................................................................................................... mv

Cfc M. Wmdkfufd Qnbftmefd .............................................................

............................... ........................................................
.......................... 8
Cfc MM. Wftf Bfjsfdf Kfbfd Dfpfs .........................................................................
............................................ ............................. 60
Cfc MMM. Wnrfpm Bmstrmj Gnhmcrmbfsm, FNG, Jfrgmivnrsm, gfd Qf`u Kfdtudl ................. 76
Cfc MX. Qnrfwftfd Qfs`f Endtm Kfdtudl ..............................................................
................................................. ............. >6
Cfc X. Crfgmjfrgmf ..............................................................
............................... .............................................................
.................................
... 81
Cfc XM. Wfjmjfrgmf ..........................................................
........................... .............................................................
......................................
........ 8>
Cfc XMM. Pmdgrio Jiridnr Fjut (PJF) ..................................................................
..................................... ............................. 56
Cfc XMMM. Empitndsm, Pyij, gfd Ngnof Qfru Fjut ...............................................
............................... ................ 618
Cfc MU. Icft-icftfd yfdl Gmludfjfd gfbfo Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkut .... 665
Cfc U. Wmo Gfrurft Ongms ................................................................................. 607
Cfc UM. Cfdtufd Emgup Bfdkutfd Qngmftrm ..........................................................
.......................................... ................ 60=

mv
 mv

GFHWFS PMDLJFWFD

GNI Gnhmcrmbftir Njstnrdfb Itioftms / Futioftm` Nxtnrdfb Gnhmcrmbftir

(FNG)
CEKG Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Gfsfr
CEKB Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkut
@G @iopf`t Gms`
GG Gmfldisms Gmhnrndsmfb
NJL Nbnjtrijfrgmilrfo
NWW Ndgi Wrf`enfb Wucn
MOF Mdhfrj omijfrg fjut
MJQ Mdtnrvndsm Jiridnr Qnrjutfd/Q@M (Qnr`utfdnus @iridfry Mdtnrvndtmid)
MJQQ Mdtnrvndsm Jiridnr Qnrjutfd Qrmonr
MI Mdtrfisnf
MX Mdtrfvndius

BCCC Bnht Cudgbn Crfd`e Cbi`j

BOF Bfrydlnfb Ofsj Fmrwfy
DPWNOM Did-PW Nbnvftmid Oyi`frgmfb Mdhfr`tmid
IQF Iripefrydlnfb Fmrwfy

QKJ Qndyfjmt Kfdtudl Jiridnr

QX@ Qrnofturn Xndtrm`ubfr @iopbnxns
QPXW Qfrixysofb Puprfvndtrm`ubfr Wf`ey`frgmf

SCCC Smlet Cudgbn Crfd`e Cbi`j

SKQ Snsusmtfsm Kfdtudl Qfru
SIP@ Snturd ih Ppidtfdnius @mr`ubftmid

PJF Pmdgriof Jiridnr Fjut

PB Pucbmdlufb
PWNOM PW Nbnvftmid Oyi`frgmfb Mdhfr`tmid
XW Xndtrm`ubfr Wf`ey`frgmf
XH Xndtrm`ubfr Hmcrmbbftmid
 v

CFC M

WMDKF^FD QNBFWMEFD

F. Qndgfeubufd
Jnkfgmfd oftm ondgfgfj ofsme onrupfjfd pndyncfc jnoftmfd utfof cfmj gm dnlfrf

ofku ofupud dnlfrf cnrjnocfdl snpnrtm gm Mdgidnsmf. Endtm kfdtudl (`frgmf`

( `frgmf` frrnst)

cnrtfdlludl kfwfc tnrefgfp 81% fdljf jnoftmfd pndgnrmtf gnwfsf yfdl ondlfbfom

pndyfjmt kfdtudl jiridnr (QKJ). Gm Nripf gmpnrjmrfjfd tnrgfpft <11.111 jfsus endtm

kfdtudl sntmfp tfeuddyf. Cnrgfsfrjfd bfpirfd

b fpirfd efsmb Smsnt Jnsneftfd Gfsfr
G fsfr (SMPJNPGFP)

Mdgidnsmf tfeud 311< yfdl gmtnrcmtjfd ibne Gnpfrtnond Jnsneftfd Snpucbmj Mdgidnsmf

tfeud 3115 gm Kfjfrtf, prnvfbndsm dfsmidfb pndyfjmt kfdtudl fgfbfe <,3% (cnrgfsfrjfd

gmfldisms tndflf jnsneftfd gfd lnkfbf). Cnrgfsfrjfd

C nrgfsfrjfd efsmb Smsnt Jnsneftfd Gfsfr

(SMPJNPGFP) tfeud 3165, efdyf gmsncutjfd prnvfbndsm dfsmidfb pndyfjmt kfdtudl snouf
uour sncnsfr 6,>% gfd ondmdljft snmrmdl cnrtfocfedyf usmf, dfoud fdljf jnkfgmfd

endtm kfdtudl ondgfgfj gm Mdgidnsmf cnbuo gmgfpftjfd.

Cnrcflfm pndnbmtmfd ondudkujjfd cfewf pfgf snjmtfr 71% pfsmnd smdgriof jiridnr

fjut (PJF) gfpft tnrkfgm mrfof hmcrmbfsm

h mcrmbfsm vndtrmjnb (vndtrm`ubfr
(vndtrm`ubfr hmcrmbbftmid/XH),
hmcrmbbftmid/XH), suftu mrfof

yfdl ondyncfcjfd endtm kfdtudl ondgfgfj (suggnd

(suggnd `frgmf` gnfte/P@G).
gnfte /P@G). Jncfdyfjfd

pfsmnd ondlfbfom tfjmjfrgmf vndtrmjnb (vndtrm`ubfr

( vndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf/XW) sncnbuo fjemrdyf

cnrucfe ondkfgm XH, gfd pfgf sfft pfsmnd fjemrdyf gmrnjfo mrfof kfdtudldyf, mrfof

kfdtudl sugfe ondlfbfom pnrcurujfd bflm ondkfgm fsmstib. Wnrfpm iptmofb udtuj

ondlftfsm XH fgfbfe rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl pfru (SKQ) gfd gnhmcrmbfsm nbnjtrmj.

Jursus Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkut (CEKB) gmrfd`fdl cflm pfrf tndflf jnsneftfd

yfdl cnrpnrfd bfdlsudl gfbfo rnsusmtfsm pfsmnd, cfmj gm gfbfo ofupud gm bufr ruofe

sfjmt. Qfgf pnbftmefd mdm, fdgf gmefrfpjfd ofopu ondmdljftjfd jntnrfopmbfd gfbfo

pndfdlfdfd pfsmnd endtm kfdtudl gfd pndfdlfdfd jnfgffd sncnbuo endtm kfdtudl.

Qnbftmefd ondlludfjfd ontign pfrtmsmpfsm fjtmh onbfbum snrfdljfmfd smoubfsm jfsus

jfrgmipuboidnr
jfrgmipuboidnr.. Pmoubfsm mdm gmrfd`fdl udtuj onopnrjuft jidsnp-jidsnp pndtmdl;

• Mgndtmhmjfsm gfd pndfdlfdfd jidgmsm ongms pfgf pfsmnd yfdl ondlfbfom rmsmji

tnrkfgmdyf endtm kfdtudl

• Purvnm Qrmonr Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Gfsfr (CEKG)

• Purvnm Pnjudgnr Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkut (CEKB)

 8

• Fblirmtof CEKB

• Gmdfomjf tmo rnsusmtfsm yfdl nhnjtmh

Jursus CEKB gmrfd`fdl sngnomjmfd rupf gndlfd ondnjfdjfd pndtmdldyf tmdgfjfd-

tmdgfjfd cnrjnbfdkutfd yfdl sfbmdl tnrjfmt sftu sfof bfmd flfr onopnribne efsmb yfdl

ofjsmofb udtuj ondynbfoftjfd emgup pfsmnd. Wmdgfjfd yfdl cnrjnsmdfocudlfd mdm

gmsncut gndlfd rfdtfm jnbfdlsudlfd emgup (ten

(ten `efmd ih survmvfb).

Sfdtfm pnrtfof fgfbfe ondgntnjsm snlnrf jidgmsm jircfd gfd onomdtf pnrtibidlfd

(nfrby f``nss),
f``nss), rfdtfm jnguf fgfbfe rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl pfru (SKQ) snlnrf (nfrby
( nfrby

`frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid),
rnsus`mtftmid), rfdtfm jntmlf fgfbfe gnhmcrmbfsm snlnrf (nfrby
( nfrby

gnhmcrmbbftmid),
gnhmcrmbbftmid), rfdtfm jnnopft fgfbfe tmdgfjfd cfdtufd emgup kfdtudl bfdkut snlnrf

(nfrby fgvfd`ng `frgmvfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt ) gfd rfdtfm jnbmof fgfbfe pnrfwftfd pfs`f

endtm kfdtudl (pist `frgmf`-frrnst `frn

`frn).
).

Kmjf efb tnrsncut gm ftfs fgfbfe urutfd tmdgfjfd pfgf irfdl gnwfsf, pfgf fdfj-fdfj

fgf pnrcngffd sngmjmt yfjdm gmoubfm gndlfd SKQ snlnrf sncnbuo onomdtf cfdtufd.

C. Wukufd Qnbftmefd

Jntmjf bubus pnbftmefd mdm, fdgf gmefrfpjfd ofopu;

• Ondudkujjfd jnofemrfd gfbfo onbfjujfd tmdgfjfd CEKG, tnrofsuj

ondgfeubujfd jioprnsm gfgf gfd ondlmdtnlrfsmjfd pndlludffd Futioftng

Nxtnrdfb Gnhmcrmbbftir (FNG)/Gnhmcrmbftir Njstnrdfb Itioftms (GNI).

• Ondlnbibf endtm kfdtudl emdllf jnocfbmdyf smrjubfsm spidtfd ((rnturd

rnturd ih

spidtfdnius `mr`ubftmid (SIP@)), pndlendtmfd rnsusmtfsm, ftfu onbfjujfd rukujfd.

• Ondlndfbm gfd onbfjujfd pndlnbibffd gmdm tnrefgfp jidgmsm sncnbuo endtm

kfdtudl yfdl gfpft ondyncfcjfd tnrkfgmdyf endtm kfdtudl ftfu onopnrsubmt

rnsusmtfsm.

• Ondlmgndtmhmjfsm gfd onopnr`npft pndfdlfdfd pfsmnd yfdl ondgnrmtf smdgriof

jiridnr fjut.

• Ondgnoidstrfsmjfd jioudmjfsm yfdl nhnjtmh sncflfm snirfdl fdllitf ftfu

pnomopmd tmo rnsusmtfsm.

@. Lfocfrfd Qnbftmefd

^dtuj onocfdtu pnsnrtf ond`fpfm tukufd-tukufd tnrsncut gm ftfs, ofjf gmsmfpjfd

 <

pnocnbfkfrfd onbfbum prfjtnj, yfdl onbmputm;

• Pmoubfsm sjndfrmi jbmdms

• Gmsjusm gfd cnrofmd pnrfd

•
Qrfjtmj pnrmbfju tmo rnsusmtfsm
Qfgf fjemr pnbftmefd, fdgf fjfd ondkfbfdm suftu ukmfd Onlf`ign udtuj onovfbmgfsm

pnd`fpfmfd fdgf fjfd tukufd pnbftmefd mdm. Puftu smoubfsm sjndfrmi endtm kfdtudl fjfd

ondlukm efb-efb cnrmjut mdm;

• Qndlntfeufd ondlndfm oftnrm jfsus mdtm gfd jntnrfopmbfd

• Qndlntfeufd ondlndfm fblirmtof

• Qnofefofd ondlndfm mdtnrprntfsm frmtomf

• Qndlludffd tnrfpm icft CEKB yfdl tnpft

• Jmdnrkf sncflfm pnomopmd tmo yfdl nhnjtmh

G. Qrfsyfrft gfd Qnrsmfpfd Qnbftmefd

Qnbftmefd CEKB / F@BP mdm efdyf gmpnrudtujjfd cflm tndflf jnsneftfd yfdl cnrpnrfd

bfdlsudl gfbfo rnsusmtfsm pfsmnd, cfmj gm gfbfo ofupud gm bufr ruofe sfjmt. Qnsnrtf yfdl

ondlmjutm pnbftmefd efrus onombmjm pndlntfeufd gfd jntnrfopmbfd gfsfr tndtfdl efb-

efb cnrmjut;

• Jntnrfopmbfd CEKG

• Mdtnrprntfsm mrfof NJL udtuj mrfof mdtm CEKB

• Icft gfd pndlntfeufd hfrofjibilm gfsfr CEKB

•
Fpbmjfsm prfjtms mrfof gfd icft-icftfd CEKB
• Jidsnp rnsusmtfsm tmo yfdl nhnjtmh

Jntnrfopmbfd CEKG

Jntnrfopmbfd CEKG yfdl juft onrupfjfd gfsfr gfrm Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkut.

Fdgf efrus bubus nvfbufsm SKQ/GNI gndlfd 6 pndibidl udtuj ondynbnsfmjfd pnbftmefd

CEKB gndlfd sujsns.

Mdtnrprntfsm Mrfof NJL udtuj Mrfof Mdtm CEKB

Fdgf pnrbu ondlntfeum mrfof yfdl tfopfj pfgf oidmtir ftfupud yfdl tnr`ntfj
 Fdgf pnrbu ondlntfeum mrfof yfdl tfopfj pfgf oidmtir ftfupud yfdl tnr`ntfj
pfgf jnrtfs yfdl cnreucudlfd gndlfd fblirmtof gfsfr endtm kfdtudl ftfu jnfgffd

ondknbfdl endtm kfdtudl. Mrfof-mrfof mdm fgfbfe;

• Mrfof smdus

• Ftrmfb Hmcrmbbftmid gfd Ftrmfb hbuttnr

•
Crfgmjfrgmf
• Wfjmjfrgmf

• Cbij ftrmivndtrmjubfr

• Fsmstib

• Qubsnbnss nbn`trm`fb f`tmvmty (QNF)

• Xndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf (XW)

• Xndtrm`ubfr hmcrmbbftmid (XH)

Pnbfof pnbftmefd Fdgf efrus gfpft ondlmgndtmhmjfsm gfd ondlmdtnrprntfsmjfd mrfof,

cfmj pfgf sfft prfjtmj ofupud pfgf sfft ukmfd Onlf`ign.

Icft gfd Qndlntfeufd Hfrofjibilm Gfsfr CEKB

Fdgf efrus ondlntfeum hfrofjibilm yfdl gmludfjfd gfbfo fblirmtof CEKB. Gfbfo

pnbftmefd mdm fdgf gmefrfpjfd ondlntfeum icft gfd gisms yfdl gmludfjfd gfbfo

fblirmtof CEKB. Fdgf kulf efrus ondlntfeum jfpfd ondlludfjfd icft yfdl ofdf

cnrgfsfrjfd smtufsm jbmdms yfdl gmefgfpm.

Fpbmjfsm Qrfjtms Mrfof Kfdtudl gfd Icft-Icftfd CEKB

Fdgf efrus ondlntfeum mdgmjfsm, jidtrfmdgmjfsm, gisms, gfd `frf pnocnrmfd snouf
kndms icft-icft udtuj pndfdlfdfd CEKB gfd cflfmofdf pndnrfpfddyf pfgf jidgmsm

jbmdms gndlfd onopnrtmocfdljfd mrfof NJL pfgf pfsmnd tnrsncut. Wnrutfof efrus

gmpfefom mrfof- mrfof NJL yfdl hftfb.

Jidsnp Wmo Snsusmtfsm

Pnpfdkfdl pnbftmefd mdm, jnofopufd fdgf sncflfm pnomopmd tmo gfd fdllitf tmo

fjfd gmnvfbufsm. Efb utfof yfdl gmdmbfm fgfbfe jnofopufd fdgf udtuj ondlfrfejfd

mdtnlrfsm CEKG gfd CEKB yfdl gmbfjujfd fdllitf tmo.

N. Pyfrft-Pyfrft udtuj Bubus Qnbftmefd

^dtuj bubus pnbftmefd CEKB mdm gfd onopnribne snrtmhmjft, fdgf efrus;

• Bubus ukmfd SKQ/GNI gndlfd 6 pndibidl

• Cnrpfrtmsmpfsm, onoprfjtnjjfd, gfd ondynbnsfmjfd snouf tipmj pnocnbfkfrfd

• Bubus ukmfd Onlf`ign

• Bubus ukmfd tnrtubms tutup cuju gndlfd dmbfm omdmofb <>%
 61

SNHNSNDPM

6. Efyfjfwf, O., Lfdgi, P., Ijfoiti, E., Fsfm, ]., ^nlfjm, P., & Ofjmsn, E. (311=).

Peirtndmdl ih `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid tmon cnhirn ten gnhmcrmbbftmid

wirsnds ten iut`ion md iut-ih-eispmtfb XH pftmndts. Wen Fonrm`fd kiurdfb ih

nonrlnd`y ongm`mdn, 3<(7), 7<1-7<7.

3. Dnuofr, S. \., Itti, @. \., Bmdj, O. P., Jridm`j, P. B., Peustnr, O., @fbbfwfy, @. \.,

... & Qfssofd, S. P. (3161). Qfrt 5; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt;

3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid

fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 633(65YsuppbY0), P<3=-P<8<.

0. N`` @ioomttnn. (311>). 311> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir

`frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid,

663(37 Puppb), MX6

7. Oirrmsid, B. K., Endry, S. O., Ju, X., Dibfd, K. Q., Oirbny, Q., & Gnfjmd, @. G. (3160).
Pmdlbn-sei`j gnhmcrmbbftmid su``nss md fgubt `frgmf` frrnst; f systnoftm` rnvmnw.

Snsus`mtftmid, 57(66), 6751-6758.

>. Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid md `ibbfcirftmid wmte ten Mdtnrdftmidfb Bmfmsid

@ioomttnn id Snsus`mtftmid. (3111). Lumgnbmdns 3111 hir `frgmipuboidfry

rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn; fd mdtnrdftmidfb `idsndsus id

s`mnd`n. @mr`ubftmid, 613.

8. Ftjmds KO. Nonrlnd`y ongm`fb snrvm`ns systno md f`utn `frgmf` `frn stftn ih ten

frt. @mr`ubftmid. 6=58:<7 (pt3);MX 7-5

<. Cnrl, S. F., Enopembb, S., Fcnbbf,

F cnbbf, C. P., Fuhgnrenmgn, W. Q., @fvn, G. O., Efzmdsjm, O.
H., ... & Pwir, S. F. (3161). Qfrt >; fgubt cfsm` bmhn suppirt; 3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt

Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y

`frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 633(65YsuppbY0), P85>-P<1>.

5. Jbnmdofd ON, Crnddfd NN, Libgcnrlnr [G, nt fb. 316> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid

Lumgnbmdns ^pgftn hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg Nonrlnd`y

@frgmivfs`ubfr @frn: Qfrt >; Fgubt Cfsm` Bmhn Puppirt fdg @frgmipuboidfry

Snsus`mtftmid Vufbmty. @mr`ubftmid

@mr`ubftmid.. 316>:603Zsuppb 3_;P767‐P70>.
‐P70>.
=. Pifr, K., Dibfd, K. Q., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Qnrjmds, L. G., Bitt, @., @frbm, Q., ... & Pudgn, J.

(316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316>; sn`tmid

0. Fgubt fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 611-67<.

61. Qnrjmds, L. G., Efdgbny, F. K., Jistnr, S. \., @fstríd, O., Poyte, O. F.,
66

Ibfsvnndlnd, W., ... & Smstfldi, L. (316>). Nuripnfd Snsus`mtftmid @iud`mb

Lumgnbmdns hir Snsus`mtftmid 316>; Pn`tmid 3. Fgubt cfsm` bmhn suppirt fdg

futioftng nxtnrdfb gnhmcrmbbftmid. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 56-==.

66. Jistnr, S. \., Cfucmd, O. F., Cissfnrt, B. B., @fcfbbnri, F., @fssfd, Q., @fstríd, O.,

... & Sfhhfy, X. (3161). Nuripnfd Snsus`mtftmid @iud`mb Lumgnbmdns hir

Snsus`mtftmid 3161 Pn`tmid 3. Fgubt cfsm` bmhn suppirt fdg usn ih futioftng

nxtnrdfb gnhmcrmbbftirs. Snsus`mtftmid, 56(61), 63<<-63=3.

63. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi,

G iddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S., Emrs`e,

J. L., ... & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn Puppirt; 3131

Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg

Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid, 673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗‗
 63

CFC MM

WFWF BFJPFDF KFBFD DFQFP

W^K^FD QNOCNBFKFSFD

• Ondknbfsjfd `frf ondliptmofbjfd ijsmlndfsm kfrmdlfd

• Ondknbfsjfd tnrfpm supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd

• Onbfjujfd pndlnbibffd kfbfd dfpfs, pnocujffd gfd pnonbmefrffd kfbfd dfpfs ftfs

• Qndlludffd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs gfsfr gfd bfdkut

• Qndyngitfd kfbfd dfpfs yfdl tnrsuocft

• Qndlnbibffd smrjubfsm pfgf empijsmf

F. Qndgfeubufd

Empijsmf onrupfjfd pndyncfc jnlfwftfd yfdl hftfb. Empijsmf onrupfjfd pndyncfc

fwfb tnrkfgmdyf lfdllufd hudlsm irlfd tucue oubtmpnb yfdl snrmdl cnrfjemr ondkfgm lflfb

hudlsm irlfd gfd cnrfjemr gndlfd jnoftmfd. Ibne jfrndf mtu ondlndfbm empijsmf bncme gmdm

gfd snlnrf ondlnbibf gndlfd tnpft onrupfjfd bfdljfe yfdl pndtmdl gfbfo ondlnbibf

pfsmnd gndlfd jnlfwftfd jfrgmivfsjubfr.

Empijsmf efrus snlnrf gmjnbibf gndlfd `npft gfd tnpft, sncfc cncnrfpf irlfd yfdl

vmtfb (itfj gfd kfdtudl) sfdlft rndtfd tnrefgfp empijsmf, yfmtu fjfd ondlfbfom jnrusfjfd

yfdl cnrsmhft ondntfp gfd ondmdllfbjfd jn`f`ftfd snbfofdyf ((snqunbfn

snqunbfn).
).

Hudlsm pnrdfpfsfd fgfbfe ondkfomd vndtmbfsm yfdl cfmj, snemdllf I 3 yfdl cnrgmhusm

gfrm fbvnibm jn jfpmbnr cnrbfdlsudl cfmj gfd gmhusm @I 3 gfrm jfpmbnr jn fbvnibm cfmj. Efsmb

fjemrdyf fgfbfe ijsmlndfsm gfd eionistfsms @I 3 cfmj.

C. Ijsmlndfsm Kfrmdlfd

Pn`frf lfrms cnsfr syfrft flfr ijsmlnd sfopfm jn snb / kfrmdlfd gfd cmsf gmludfjfd

udtuj ontfcibmson onocndtuj ndnrlm fgfbfe hudlsm pnrdfpfsfd gfd smrjubfsm yfdl cfmj
udtuj ontfcibmson onocndtuj ndnrlm fgfbfe hudlsm pnrdfpfsfd gfd smrjubfsm yfdl cfmj.

Pn`frf rmd`m syfrft tnrsncut fgfbfe sncflfm cnrmjut;

6. Hrfjsm mdspmrfsm I3 (HmI3) `ujup.

3. Hudlsm rnspmrfsm fgnjuft;

f. Kfbfd dfpfs cfmj

c. Xibuon tmgfb `ujup

60

`. Hrnjundsm dfpfs `ujup

g. Mrfof dfpfs tnrftur

n. Jnfgffd fbvnibm/ pfru cfmj

0. Qnocfwf I3 cfmj;

f. Jfgfr Ec `ujup

c. Pmhft Ec cfmj

7. Hudlsm jfrgmivfsjubnr/smrjubfsm cfmj;

f. Xibuon `fmrfd gfrfe `ujup

c. Jidtrfjtmbmtfs itit kfdtudl cfmj

`. Qnocubue gfrfe gfbfo jnfgffd cfmj

g. Mrfof & hrnjundsm gndyut kfdtudl cfmj

n. Omjrismrjubfsm cfmj

>. Pnb/ kfrmdlfd tucue ofsme cfmj

Fpfcmbf sfbfe sftu gfrm syfrft-syfrft tnrsncut gmftfs ondlfbfom lfdllufd ofjf fjfd

tnrkfgm empijsmf. Wfdgf-tfdgf gmdm empijsmf sn`frf jbmdms fdtfrf bfmd;

6. Qfsmnd lnbmsfe

3. Wfopfj pu`ft pfsm

0. Qnrdfpfsfd ondlfbfom ‒gmstrnss‟ yfdl gmtfdgfm ;

f. @npft gfd gfdljfb

c. Wfj tnrftur

7. Gndyut dfgm jn`mb, `npft

>. Mrfof gndyut kfdtudl snrmdl tmgfj tnrftur

8. Wnjfdfd gfrfe ondmdljft

<. Jnrmdlft gmdlmd.

@. Qndlnbibffd Empijsmf gfd Qnocnrmfd Cfdtufd Dfpfs/Xndtmbfsm

6. Qnocnrmfd Pupbnondtfsm Ijsmlnd

Wukufd pnocnrmfd I3 mfbfe flfr HmI3 ondmdljft, snemdllf tnjfdfd pfrsmfb I 3 yfdl

gmemrup ondmdljft ofjf tnjfdfd pfrsmfb I 3 gm fbvnibm (QFI3) kulf fjfd ondmdljft, cmbf

kfbfd dfpfs gfd vndtmbfsm cfmj. Jfbfu QFI3 ondmdljft, yfdl cnrgmhusm jn gfrfe fjfd
bncme cfdyfj snemdllf jfdgudlfd I 3 gfbfo gfrfe ondmdljft.

Cmbf hudlsm smrjubfsm (ondlngfrjfd I 3 jnsnburue tucue sfopfm jn snb / kfrmdlfd)

67

iptmofb ofjf empijsmf gfpft tnrftfsm. Qfgf jnlfwftfd jfrgmipuboidnr, pnocnrmfd

ijsmlnd efrus gmbfjujfd sn`npftdyf kmjf sfturfsm jurfdl gfrm =7%.

Qnocnrmfd ijsmlnd gfpft gmbfjujfd gndlfd onofjfm cnrcflfm fbft. Jnnhnjtmhfd

ofsmdl-ofsmdl fbft gmtndtujfd ibne jnofopufd fbft udtuj ondlefdtfrjfd ijsmlnd

gndlfd jn`npftfd fbmrfd yfdl `ujup tmdllm udtuj ondlmocfdlm jn`npftfd fbmrfd

mdspmrfsm pnrdfpfsfd spidtfd pfsmnd. Ibne jfrndf mtu, pnocnrmfd ijsmlnd yfdl

gmmdspmrfsm sntmdllm 611% (Hrfjsm ijsmlnd mdspmrfsm ? HmI3;6,1) gmfdkurjfd udtuj

jnlfwftfd jfrgmipuboidnr. Efb mdm gmtukujfd udtuj ondliptmofbjfd tnjfdfd ijsmlnd

mdspmrfsm yfdl fjfd onofjsmofbjfd sfturfsm ijsmlnd gfbfo gfrfe frtnrm gfd fjemrdyf

onofjsmofbjfd pndlfdljutfd ijsmlnd smstnomj ( Ixylnd

(Ixylnd Gnbmvnry GI3).

Qndlfdljutfd ijsmlnd yfdl gmcfwf gfbfo tucue jn kfrmdlfd gmdyftfjfd gfbfo GI3

dmbfmdyf gmpndlfruem ibne jfgfr enoilbicmd, sfturfsm ijsmlnd gfbfo frtnrm (PfI3) gfd
`urfe kfdtudl.

Fbft-Fbft Qnocnrmfd Ijsmlnd

Flfr gfpft onocnrmjfd ijsmlnd jnpfgf pfsmnd gmpnrbujfd pnrfbftfd gfsfr yfmtu;

• Puocnr ijsmlnd

• Fbft-fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd; jfdub dfsfb, cnrcflfm of`fo sudljup oujf

Puocnr Ijsmlnd

]fdl gmofjsug suocnr ijsmlnd fgfbfe tfcudl ijsmlnd ftfu udmt yfdl tnrtnopnb
pfgf gmdgmdl (ijsmlnd sndtrfb). Qfgf ijsmlnd sndtrfb, suocnr ijsmlnd gmjndgfbmjfd

gfrm rufdl sndtrfb ijsmlnd yfdl cmfsfdyf tnrgfpft gm ruofe sfjmt cnsfr. Puocnr

ijsmlnd mdm gmsfocudljfd jn fbft supbnondtfsm flfr ijsmlnd gfpft gmfbmrjfd jn pfsmnd

snsufm jncutuefd.

Jnbndljfpfd gfrm suocnr ijsmlnd fgfbfe;

 • Qnocujf jftup udtuj onocujf tfcudl, pndlujur tnjfdfd, gfd fbmrfd lfs

(prnssurn lfuln gfd hbiwontnr).

• Qmpf pndleucudl (tucmdl

(tucmdl `iddn`tir) jn fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd.

6>

Lfocfr 3.6. Puocnr Ijsmlnd gndlfd prnssurn lfuln yfdl tnrsfocudl jn sudljup
oujf gndlfd rnsnrvimr I3

Fbft-fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd

Fbft-fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd (bmeft tfcnb 6) gfpft gmlibidljfd ondkfgm smstno

ijsmlnd rndgfe ftfu smstno ijsmlnd tmdllm (gfpft onocnrmjfd ijsmlnd sfopfm 611%)

gfd smstno fbmrfd rndgfe ftfu smstno fbmrfd tmdllm, yfdl frtmdyf fbft gfpft

ondlfbmrjfd ijsmlnd gndlfd hrfjsm ijsmlnd mdspmrfsm yfdl gmftur ofjsmofb (611%).

f. Jfdub dfsfb

Onbfbum jfdub dfsfb, ijsmlnd (611%) yfdl gmfbmrjfd gfpft gmftur gndlfd

jn`npftfd fbmrfd fdtfrf 6-> bmtnr pnr-ondmt. Jidsndtrfsm ijsmlnd yfdl gmmdspmrfsm

pfsmnd ftfu gmsncut hrfjsm ijsmlnd mdspmrfsm (HmI3) tnrlfdtudl gfrm jn`npftfd fbmrfd

gfd vndtmbfsm snondmt pfsmnd, gndlfd gnomjmfd HmI 3 tmgfj gfpft gmjndgfbmjfd. HmI 3
ofjsmofb yfdl gm`fpfm gndlfd jfdub dfsfb tmgfj bncme gfrm 1,71 (HmI3 ?71%).

Qndmdljftfd jn`npftfd fbmrfd ijsmlnd 6 bmtnr pnr ondmt efdyf fjfd ondmdljftjfd

jidsndtrfsm ijsmlnd sncnsfr 7% (Wfcnb 0). Qnocnrmfd fbmrfd yfdl bncme gfrm > bmtnr

pnr-ondmt tmgfj fjfd onocnrmjfd HmI3 yfdl tmdllm, ofbfe cnrfjmcft ondlnrmdljfd
gfd ondlmrmtfsm oujisf dfsfb. Ibne jfrndf mtu, jfdub dfsfb gmsncut fbft

supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd smstno ijsmlnd-rndgfe, fbmrfd-rndgfe.

fbmrf d-rndgfe. Jnudtudlfd jfdub

dfsfb fgfbfe jndyfofdfd pfsmnd gfd fbmrfd I3 yfdl tnrus ondnrus onsjmpud

pfsmnd sngfdl ofjfd, gmujur sueu, ofupud snbfof pnofjfmfd pmpf dfsilfstrmj.

c. Pudljup oujf sngnrefdf

Pudljup oujf sngnrefdf ftfu gmjndfb gndlfd sudljup oujf Eugsid.

Pudljup oujf mdm onopudyfm bucfdl

bucfdl tnopft pmpf sfburfd ofsuj I3 gm gfsfrdyf

gfd bucfdl-bucfdl jn`mb gmsnjmbmbmdl sudljup oujf. Ijsmlnd gfpft gmfbmrjfd

68

gndlfd jn`npftfd 8-61 bmtnr pnr ondmt gndlfd HmI3 yfdl gm`fpfm snjmtfr 1,0>-1,8 .

Cmbf jn`npftfd fbmrfd ijsmlnd jurfdl gfrm 8 bmtnr pnr ondmt fjfd tnrkfgm

pnduopujfd @I3 fjmcft tnrkfgm gnfg spf`n onjfdmj. Fbft mdm tnrofsuj smstno

ijsmlnd-sngfdl, fbmrfd-tmdllm.

`. Pudljup oujf did-rncrnftemdl

Pudljup oujf mdm tnrgmrm ftfs sudljup oujf sngnrefdf yfdl gmbndljfpm

gndlfd jfdtidl rnsnrvimr ijsmlnd pfgf gfsfr sudljup oujf gfd sftu jftup

sftu frfe yfdl tnrbntfj pfgf bucfdl gm sfopmdl sudljup gfd sftu bflm jftup

sftu frfe tnrbntfj gm fdtfrf jfdtidl rnsnrvimr gfd sudljup oujf.

Qfgf sfft mdspmrfsm, jftup yfdl tnrbntfj gm cflmfd sfopmdl sudljup oujf fjfd

ondutup snemdllf snburue lfs mdspmrfsm cnrfsfb gfrm jfdtidl rnsnrvimr, sngfdljfd

jftup yfdl cnrfgf gm fdtfrf jfdtidl rnsnrvimr gfd sudljup ondutup snemdllf
lfs njspmrfsm tmgfj ofsuj jn jfdtidl rnsnvimr tntfpm gmpfjsf jnbufr onbnwftm

bucfdl-bucfdl jn`mb gm sfopmdl sudljup. Qfgf smstno mdm, fbmrfd ijsmlnd tnrus

ondnrus fjfd ondlmsm jfdtidl rnsnrvimr. Jn`npftfd fbmrfd ijsmlnd pfgf sudljup

mdm sncnsfr =-6> bmtnr pnr-ondmt gfpft onocnrmjfd

onocnrmjfd jidsndtrfsm ijsmlnd sncnsfr
sncnsfr

=1-611%. Flfr cnrhudlsm snonstmdyf, efrus gmkflf flfr jfdtidl rnsnrvimr

ondlnocfdl-ondlnopms, tmgfj jibfps.

g. Pudljup oujf pfrtmfb rncrnftemdl

Pudljup oujf mdm tnrgmrm gfrm sudljup oujf sngnrefdf gndlfd jfdtidl

rnsnrvimr pfgf gfsfr sudljup. Ijsmlnd ondlfbmr jn jfdtidl rnsnrvimr tnrus

ondnrus. Jntmjf
Jntmjf njspmrfsm, snpnrtmlf
snpnrtmlf fwfb lfs njspmrfsm ofsuj jn jfdtidl rnsnrvimr

cnr`fopur ijsmlnd yfdl fgf. Kfgm sfft mdspmrfsm pfsmnd ondlemsfp jnocfbm

snpnrtmlf lfs njspmrfsmdyf.

 Pudljup oujf yfdl gmbndljfpm gndlfd jfdtidl rnsnrvimr onrupfjfd fbft smstno

ijsmlnd tmdllm, fbmrfd-tmdllm. Pudljup oujf gndlfd rnsnrvimr I3 gmludfjfd pfgf;

• Pfjmt jrmtms, jnsfgfrfd ofsme cfmj, vndtmbfsm fgnjuft tntfpm onocutuejfd

ijsmlnd gndlfd jidsndtrfsm tmdllm.

•
Pncnbuo fgf mdgmjfsm mdtucfsm trfjnf, snpnrtm
snpnrtm pfgf ngno pfru fjut, fsof
fsof fjut,
QQIJ, ftfu pfsmnd tmgfj sfgfr tntfpm vndtmbfsm fgnjuft gndlfd rnhbnjs cftuj

ofsme fgf.

6<

Lfocfr 3.3. Cnrcflfm fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd

F. Jfdub dfsfb; fbmrfd rndgfe, ijsmlnd rndgfe

C. Pudljup Xndturm; fbmrfd tmdllm, ijsmlnd cnrvfrmfsm tnrlfdtudl snttmdl

6. Ijsmlnd 611% cnrfsfb gfrm suocnr ijsmlnd (hbiwontn

hbiwontnr)
r)

3. Jftup yfdl gfpft gmftur gndlfd cnsfrdyf % ijsmlnd yfdl gmmdlmdjfd

@. Pudljup oujf fnrisib; fbmrfd sngfdl, ijsmlnd cnrvfrmfsm

6. Ijsmlnd yfdl ofsuj jn dncubmznr

G. Pudljup oujf gndlfd rnsnrvimr I3; fbmrfd tmdllm, ijsmlnd tmdllm

6. Ijsmlnd 611% ofsuj jn rnsnrvimr

3. gfd 0. Jftup sftu frfe yfdl ondlftur lfs/ugfrf mdspmrfsm

mdspmrfsm gfd njspmrfsm

7. Jftup pndlfofd ofsujdyf ugfrf

N. Pudljup oujf Xndturm

Pudljup oujf vndturm tnrgmrm gfrm sudljup oujf gfd omxmdl knt. Gndlfd

fbft mdm HmI3 yfdl gmcnrmjfd gfpft gmjndgfbmjfd. Ijsmlnd yfdl gmcnrmjfd gfpft

gmftur cnrjmsfr 37%, 35%, 0>% gfd 71% gndlfd jn`npftfd fbmrfd 7-5 bmtnr pnr

ondmt gfd 7>->1% gndlfd jn`npftfd fbmrfd 61-63 bmtnr pnr ondmt
 ondmt, gfd 7>->1% gndlfd jn`npftfd fbmrfd 61-63 bmtnr pnr ondmt.

Pudljup oujf mdm pfbmdl cnrludf pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd pndyfjmt pfru icstrujsm

jridmj (QQIJ) yfdl gmjntfeum ononrbujfd sngmjmt empijsmf udtuj onom`u pusft

pnrdfpfsfd, snemdllf gmpnrbujfd pnocnrmfd tmtrfsm HmI3 yfdl tnpft udtuj

onopnrcfmjm sfturfsm ijsmlnd tfdpf ondnjfd vndtmbfsm snondmt. Fbft mdm

tnrofsuj smstno ijsmlnd-tnrjndgfbm,

ijsmlnd-tnrjndgfbm, fbmrfd-tmdllm.

65

Wfcnb 3.6. Fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd, jn`npftfd fbmrfd gfd pnrsndtfsn ijsmlnd yfdl gmefdtfrjfd

Fbft Jn`npftfd Fbmrfd % Ijsmlnd

6 B/ondmt 36%-37%
3 B ond
ondmt
mt 3>%-35
3>%-35%
%
Jfdub Dfsfb 0 B/ondmt 3=%-03%
7 B/ondmt 00%-08%
> B/ondmt 0<%-71%
Pudljup Oujf Pngnrefdf 8-61 B/ondmt 0>%- 81%
8 B/ondmt 81%
Pudljup Oujf gndlfd < B/ondmt <1%
5 B/ondmt 51%
rnsnrvimr I3 = B/ondmt =1%
61-6> B/ondmt =>-611%

Pudljup Oujf Xndturm 7-5 B/ondmt 37%-0>%

61-6> B/ondmt 71%->1%

3. Qnofdtfufd Qnocnrmfd Ijsmlnd

^dtuj onofdtfu jnnhnjtmhfd pnocnrmfd ijsmlnd gfd onocfdtu onbfjujfd

tmtrfsm HmI3, gfpft gndlfd pnonrmjsffd mdvfsmh yfmtu

yfmtu fdfbmsms
fdfbmsms lfs gfrfe (QfI3 gfd

PfI3) gfd sn`frf did-mdvfsmh gndlfd fbft ijsmontrm gndyut (Qubsn

( Qubsn Ixyontry).

Ijsmontrm gndyut fjfd ondlujur sfturfsm ijsmlnd yfdl cnrfsfb

cnrfsfb gfrm smdyfb `fefyf

yfdl gmtrfdsomsmjfd onbfbum kfrmdlfd gndlfd onopnremtudljfd smhft-smhft gndyutfd

fbmrfd gfrfe.

Qrmdsmp ijsmontrm gndyut cnrgfsfrjfd pfgf fcsircsm yfdl cnrgndyut fdtfrf

suocnr `fefyf gfd gntnjtir `fefyf yfmtu gfrfe frtnrm: pnrcngffd fcsircsm

lnbiocfdl `fefyf onrfe gfd mdhrf onrfe ibne ijsmenoilbicmd gfd enoilbicmd

tnrngujsm pfgf hrfjsm gfrfe frtnrm

frtnrm yfdl cnrpubsfsm gm cfwfe fbft sndsir.

Bmlet Nomttmdl Gmigf (BNG) pfgf pricn fbft mdm fjfd ondtrfdsomsmjfd `fefyf
 Bmlet Nomttmdl Gmigf (BNG) pfgf pricn fbft mdm fjfd ondtrfdsomsmjfd `fefyf

onbfbum kfrmdlfd (omsfbdyf gm ukudl kfrm), gfd mdtndsmtfs `fefyf yfdl gmtrfdsomsmjfd

gmujur ibne gntnjtir `fefyf pfgf smsm bfmddyf. Qndlludffd ijsmontrm gndyut gfpft

pubf sncflfm pntudkuj pnombmefd fbft supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd (Wfcnb 3).

3 ).

6=

Wfcnb 3.3. Qnombmefd Fbft Pupbnondtfsm Ijsmlnd Cnrgfsfrjfd Dmbfm Ijsmontrm

Dmbfm ijsmontrm Frtm Jbmdms Qmbmefd fbft supbnondtfsm

gndyut Ijsmlnd

=>-611% gfbfo cftfs dirofb Jfdub dfsfb I3 ofx 7B/ondmt

=1-=7% Empijsmf rmdlfd-sngfdl Pudljup oujf sngnrefdf I3 8-

61B/ondmt

5>-5=% Empijsmf Cnrft Pudljup oujf gndlfd rnsnrvimr

I3 61-6>B/ondmt

25>% Empijsmf cnrft yfdl Xndtmbfsm tnjfdfd pismtmh I3

ondlfd`fo dyfwf 611%

0. Qnocujffd gfd Qnonbmefrffd Kfbfd Dfpfs Ftfs

Qfgf pfsmnd yfdl tmgfj sfgfr, pndyncfc tnrsnrmdl suocftfd kfbfd dfpfs yfdl

tnrkfgm fgfbfe fjmcft embfdldyf tidus itit-itit tndllirijfd. Gfbfo jfsus mdm, bmgfe

kftue jn cnbfjfdl gfd ondyuocft kfbfd dfpfs pfgf cflmfd hfrmdls.

h frmdls. Wfdgf3 cfewf

kfbfd dfhfs tmgfj pftnd fdtfrf bfmd ; dfhfs cnrcudym, fgf tfrmjfd itit itit bnenr, fgf

`njudlfd gm ‒suprf stnrdfb dit`e‟, `njudlfd gm gfnrfe mlf gfd cfwfe gmfhrflof.

Qnocujffd kfbfd dfpfs sn`frf ofdufb

Wnjdmj gfsfr pnocujffd kfbfd dfpfs ftfs fgfbfe gndlfd ondlfdljft jnpfbf gfd

ondgiridl rfefdl cfwfe jn gnpfd ftfu gmsncut fdljft jnpfbf-fdljft gflu ( enfg
tmbt-`emd bmht). Wnjdmj gfsfr mdm fjfd nhnjtmh cmbf icstrujsm kfbfd dfpfs gmsncfcjfd ibne

bmgfe ftfu rnbfjsfsm itit pfgf kfbfd dfpfs ftfs.

Cmbf pfsmnd yfdl ondgnrmtf trfuof gmgulf ondlfbfom `ngnrf bnenr, gmbfjujfd

pndfrmjfd rfefdl tfdpf ondgiridl jnpfbf. Jfrndf ondlnbibf kfbfd dfpfs yfdl

tnrcujf gfd onocnrmjfd vndtmbfsm onrupfjfd prmirmtfs, ofjf ludfjfd giridl

jnpfbf-tfrmj gflu cmbf pndfrmjfd rfefdl sfkf tmgfj onocujf kfbfd dfpfs.

31

C @

Lfocfr 3.0. F. Puocftfd kfbfd dfpfs ftfs fjmcft bmgfe gfd npmlbitms, C. Ofdnuvnr
giridl jnpfbf - tfrmj gflu fjfd ondlfdljft bmgfe, onocncfsjfd icstrujsm, @.

Ondfrmj rfefdl tfdpf ondgiridl jnpfbf gmbfjujfd cmbf pfsmnd gmgulf ondlfbfom

trfuof tubfdl snrvmjfb.

7. Qnocujffd kfbfd dfpfs gndlfd fbft cfdtu

Qismsm kfbfd dfpfs ftfs yfdl cndfr efrus gmkflf pfgf pfsmnd tmgfj sfgfr yfdl gfpft

cnrdfhfs sn`frf spidtfd. Qfgf pfsmnd yfdl tmgfj sfgfr tfdpf rnhbnjs cftuj ftfu

oudtfe, gfpft gmpfsfdl fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs sngnrefdf.

Fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs sngnrefdf fgfbfe;
 • Fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs irihfrmdl (Iripefrydlnfb Fmrwfy/IQF)

• Fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs dfsihfrmdl (Dfsipefrydlnfb Fmrwfy/DQF)

7.6. Fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs irihfrmdl (IQF)

Fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs mdm efdyf gmludfjfd pfgf pfsmnd yfdl tmgfj sfgfr cmbf

fdljft jnpfbf-fdljft gflu tmgfj cnrefsmb onopnrtfefdjfd kfbfd dfpfs ftfs tnrcujf.

Fbft mdm tmgfj cibne gmludfjfd pfgf pfsmnd sfgfr ftfu sntndlfe sfgfr jfrndf

gfpft ondyncfcjfd
ondyncfcjfd cftuj gfd oudtfe. Kfgm pfgf pfsmnd yfdl
yfdl ofsme fgf rnhbnjs
cftuj ftfu oudtfe tmgfj gmmdgmjfsmjfd udtuj pnofsfdlfd IQF. Cmbf pfsmnd

onombmjm rnhbnjs cftuj ftfu oudtfe, IQF gfpft ondstmoubfsm tnrkfgmdyf oudtfe

gfd bfrmdlispfson.

36

Wfcnb 3.0. @frf pndlludffd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs irihfrmdl

Bfdljfe Wmdgfjfd

6 Cnrsmejfd oubut gfd hfrmdl gfrm snjrnsm, gfrfe, ftfu oudtfefd

gndlfd ondlludfjfd ukudl pndyngit hfrmdl yfdl jfju (]fudjnr),

cmbf onoudljmdjfd.
3 Qmbmebfe ujurfd IQF yfdl tnpft yfmtu gndlfd ondnopftjfd IQF gm

sfopmdl wfkfe, gndlfd ukudl IQF pfgf sugut oubut, ukudl yfdl bfmd

pfgf sugut rfefdl cfwfe. Cmbf IQF gmujur gfd gmofsujjfd gndlfd

tnpft, ofjf IQF fjfd tnpft snkfkfr gn

gndlfd
dlfd pfdljfb lbitms.

0 Ofsujjfd IQF sngnomjmfd snemdllf mf cnrputfr jn frfe cnbfjfdl

jntmjf onofsujm oubut.

7 Jntmjf IQF sugfe ofsuj ridllf oubut gfd ondgnjftm gmdgmdl

pistnrmir hfrmdl, putfrbfe IQF snkfue 651 I jn frfe pismsm yfdl tnpft.

Puftu ontign fbtnrdftmh fgfbfe onofsujjfd IQF sn`frf burus jntmjf

ondlludfjfd pndnjfdfd bmgfe ftfu fbft yfdl snrupf udtuj ondfefd

bmgfe gm gfsfr oubut.

Pntnbfe pnofsfdlfd IQF, bfjujfd pnofdtfufd pfgf pfsmnd. Kflfbfe flfr

jnpfbf gfd gflu tntfp cnrfgf pfgf pismsm yfdl tnpft udtuj ondkflf pftndsm
 kfbfd dfpfs. Bfjujfd pndyngitfd cnrjfbf gm gfbfo oubut gfd hfrmdl

cmbf fgf snjrnt, gfrfe ftfu oudtfefd.

F C

Lfocfr 3.7. F. Cnrcflfm ujurfd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs irihfrmdl (IQF),
C. Qismsm IQF yfdl cndfr

33

Qnreftmjfd efb-efb cnrmjut mdm jntmjf ondlludfjfd IQF;

• Cmbf IQF yfdl gmpmbme tnrbfbu cnsfr gfpft ondyuocft bfrmdl gfd

ondyncfcjfd trfuof pfgf strujtur bfrmdl.

• Cmbf IQF tnrbfbu jn`mb ftfu tmgfj gmofsujjfd gndlfd tnpft gfpft ondnjfd

gfsfr bmgfe gfrm cnbfjfdl gfd ondyuocft kfbfd dfpfs.

• Ofsujjfd gndlfd eftm-eftm udtuj ondlemdgfrm tnrkfgmdyf trfuof kfrmdlfd

budfj pfgf cmcmr gfd bmgfe.

7.3. Fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs dfsihfrmdl (DQF)

Wmgfj snpnrtm fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs irihfrmdl, fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs dfsihfrmdl

gfpft gmludfjfd pfgf pfsmnd yfdl sfgfr ftfu sntndlfe sfgfr, kfgm pfsmnd yfdl ofsme
onopudyfm rnhbnjs cftuj gfd oudtfe. Fbft mdm cnrcndtuj pmpf
pmpf gfrm pbfstmj yfdl bnocut

gfd tmgfj cnrcfbid yfdl cnrhudlsm sncflfm kfbfd fbmrfd ugfrf fdtfrf bucfdl emgudl gfd

hfrmdl. Mdgmjfsm bfmd pndlludffd DQF fgfbfe cmbf gmtnoum jnsubmtfd pfgf pndlludffd

IQF snpnrtm fgfdyf trfuof gm snjmtfr oubut ftfu trmsous.

Wfcnb 3.7. @frf pndlludffd fbft cfdtu

cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs
dfpfs dfsihfrmdl

Bfdljfe Wmdgfjfd
6 Qmbmebfe ujurfd DQF yfdl tnpft

• Gmfontnr bufr DQF tmgfj bncme cnsfr gfrm bucfdl gfbfo emgudl
 • Gmfontnr bufr DQF tmgfj bncme cnsfr gfrm bucfdl gfbfo emgudl.

Cncnrfpf tndflf jnsneftfd ondlludfjfd gmfontnr kfrm

jnbmdljmdl pfsmnd sncflfm pngiofd udtuj onombme ujurfd

yfdl tnpft.

• Qfdkfdl DQF efrusbfe sfof gndlfd kfrfj fdtfrf ukudl emgudl

pfsmnd gndlfd `upmdl tnbmdlf.

3 Cfsfem DQF gndlfd pnbuofs yfdl bfrut gfbfo fmr ftfu knbby

30

0 Ofsujjfd DQF onbfbum bucfdl emgudl gndlfd frfe pistnrmir

onocndtuj lfrms tnlfj burus gndlfd pnroujffd wfkfe. Ofsujjfd

gndlfd bnocut sfopfm gfsfr dfsihfrmdl.

Cmbf ondlfbfom efocftfd;

• Qutfr sngmjmt pmpf udtuj onohfsmbmtfsm pnofsfdlfd pfgf sugut

fdtfrf ridllf emgudl gfd dfsihfrmdl.

• @icfbfe tnopftjfd onbfbum bucfdl emgudl yfdl sftudyf

jfrndf pfsmnd onombmjm ridllf emgudl gndlfd ujurfd yfdl

cnrcngf.

F C
 Lfocfr 3.>. F. Cnrcflfm ujurfd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfhfs dfsihfrmdl (DQF),
C. Qismsm DQF yfdl cndfr

Cncnrfpf efb yfdl efrus gmpnreftmjfd pfgf pnofsfdlfd DQF;

• ^sfefjfd onofsujjfd DQF gndlfd bnocut udtuj ondlemdgfrm tnrkfgmdyf

jiopbmjfsm. DQF gfpft ondlmrmtfsm oujisf ftfu onricnj kfrmdlfd fgndimg gfd

ondyncfcjfd pndgfrfefd, gndlfd jnoudljmdfd tnrkfgmdyf fspmrfsm luopfbfd

jn trfjnf. Qndyngitfd gfpft gmbfjujfd udtuj ondlnbufrjfd gfrfe gfd

snjrnt.

•
DQF gndlfd ujurfd yfdl tmgfj tnpft gfpft
gfpft ofsuj jn gfbfo nsihflus.
nsihflus. Gndlfd
vndtmbfsm yfdl fjtmh, snpnrtm vndtmbfsm jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf, DQF gfpft

ondyncfcjfd tnrkfgmdyf pnoiopffd bfocudl gfd jnoudljmdfd

empivndtmbfsm.

• DQF gfpft ondyncfcjfd bfrmdlispfson gfd oudtfe, wfbfupud sn`frf uouo

37

DQF gfpft gmtibnrfdsm ibne pfsmnd gfbfo jnfgffd sntndlfe sfgfr.

• DQF tmgfj cibne gmpfsfdl pfgf pfsmnd yfdl ondlfbfom trfuof wfkfe jfrndf

fgfdyf rmsmji tnrkfgmdyf pndnopftfd yfdl sfbfe jn gfbfo ridllf tndljirfj

onbfbum bfpmsfd `rmcmhiroms yfdl ondlfbfom hrfjtur.

7. Qnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm ofdufb

Cmbf pnrdfpfsfd tmgfj fgnjuft, ofjf tmdgfjfd yfdl efrus gmbfjujfd fgfbfe

onocnrmjfd cfdtufd dfpfs (vndtmbfsm). Wfrlnt pnocnrmfd cfdtufd vndtmbfsm mfbfe flfr

I3 cmsf ofsuj sfopfm jn fbvnibm (yfdl snbfdkutdyf cnrgmhusm jn gfrfe) gfd @I 3 jnbufr

gfrm fbvnibm jn ugfrf cncfs.

Xndtmbfsm gndlfd jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf (cfl-ofsj vndtmbftmid)

Fbft vndtmbfsm jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup

dfpfs -sudljup oujf tnrgmrm gfrm sncufe jfdtidl vndtmbfsm

(snbfbu ondlnocfdl) yfdl onbnjft pfgf sncufe sudljup oujf wfkfe gfd jftup

sftu frfe (did-rncrnftemdl

(did-rncrnftemdl).
). Pnbfmd gndlfd sudljup oujf, jfdtidl vndtmbfsm cmsf

gmeucudljfd gndlfd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs snpnrtm pmpf ndgitrfjnf, sudljup bfrmdl,

gfd pmpf nsihflitrfjnf. Qnrfbftfd mdm tnbfe ondkfgm suftu pnrfbftfd utfof snbfof

cncnrfpf gnjfgn yfdl gmludfjfd udtuj vndtmbfsm gfbfo jnfgffd gfrurft. Xndtmbfsm
gndlfd jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf fgfbfe ontign pfbmdl bfzmo yfdl gmludfjfd

udtuj onocnrmjfd vndtmbfsm cnrtnjfdfd pismtmh.

Fbft yfdl bndljfp efrus tnrgmrm gfrm;

• Jfdtidl dfpfs (snbfbu ondlnocfdl), udtuj pfsmnd gnwfsf gndlfd vibuon

6811 oB.

• Pmstno jftup sftu frfe (did-rncrnftemdl

( did-rncrnftemdl)) udtuj ond`nlfe pfsmnd ondlemrup

ugfrf yfdl sugfe gmenocusjfd. Jftup mdm sncflfm sfburfd ofsuj ijsmlnd

gndlfd fbmrfd ofjsmofb 01 bmtnr pnr ondmt.

• Jidnjtir gndlfd gmfontnr 6>/33 oo

• Snsnrvimr ijsmlnd

• Cfefd tfefd `uf`f

Mdgmjfsm pndlludffd fbft vndtmbfsm jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf fgfbfe;

• Endtm dfpfs

3>

•
Dfpfs spidtfd tmgfj fgnjuft
• Ondurudjfd jnrkf dfpfs gndlfd onocfdtu onocnrmjfd tnjfdfd pismtmh pfgf

sfft mdspmrfsm pfsmnd

• Empijsmf fjmcft vndtmbfsm spidtfd yfdl tmgfj fgnjuft

Jncnrefsmbfd pnocnrmfd cfdtufd dfpfs gndlfd fbft mdm tnrlfdtudl gfrm;

• Kfbfd dfpfs tnrcujf/ tmgfj fgf suocftfd

• Wmgfj fgf jnci`irfd fdtfrf sudljup oujf gndlfd oujf pfsmnd

• Qnocnrmfd dfpfs gndlfd vibuon tmgfb yfdl iptmofb gndlfd ondnjfd jfdtidl

dfpfs gndlfd cndfr

Xndtmbfsm cuftfd gndlfd ondlludfjfd fbft jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf gmbfjujfd

gndlfd `frf;

6. Gmpfsfdl IQF cmbf pfsmnd tmgfj onopudyfm rnhbnjs cftuj ftfu oudtfe, flfr

kfbfd dfpfs tntfp tnrcujf.

3. Gndlfd tntfp onbfjujfd njstndsm jnpfbf, mcu kfrm gfd kfrm tnbudkuj onocndtuj
 N-@ `bfop
`bfop:: euruh '@' ondnjfd pmdllmr sudljup oujf jn wfkfe pfsmnd flfr tmgfj

fgf jnci`irfd gm fdtfrf sudljup gfd wfkfe, sngfdljfd tmlf kfrm smsfdyf
onocndtuj euruh 'N' ondlfdljft rfefdl cfwfe snemdllf kfbfd dfpfs tntfp

tnrcujf. Wfdlfd yfdl bfmd ondnjfd jfdtidl dfpfs gndlfd bnocut

b nocut gfbfo wfjtu

bncme gfrm 6 gntmj sntmfp vndtmbfsm.

0. Fpfcmbf `frf gmftfs submt gmbfjujfd ibne sftu irfdl pndibidl, ofjf gmfdkurjfd

gmbfjujfd ibne guf irfdl pndibidl. Pftu pndibidl ononlfdl sudljup gndlfd

3 tfdlfd yfdl ofsmdl-ofsmdl onocndtuj euruh '@' gndlfd mcu kfrm gfd kfrm

tnbudkuj udtuj ondutup jnci`irfd gmfdtfrf sudljup gfd wfkfe, gfd

onocndtuj euruh 'N' gndlfd 0 kfrm smsfdyf udtuj ondlfdljft rfefdl cfwfe.

Qndibidl jnguf ondnjfd jfdtidl dfpfs gfbfo wfjtu bncme gfrm 6 gntmj sntmfp

vndtmbfsm, sfopfm gfgf tnrfdljft (Lfocfr 3.8.). Jnguf pndibidl efrus

ondlfoftm tnrfdljftdyf gfgf.

38

7. Jnci`irfd fdtfrf jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf tmgfj fjfd tnrkfgm cmbf jfdtidl
dfpfs-sudljup oujf gmeucudljfd gndlfd fbft-fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs snpnrtm

pmpf ndgitrfjnf, sudljup bfrmdl gfd pmpf nsihflitrfjnf (`iocmtucn).

Lfocfr 3.8. Qnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd fbft jfdtidl-dfpfs sudljup oujf gndlfd
tnjdmj N-@ `bfop udtuj ondlfdljft rfefdl cfwfe (jmrm) gfd gndlfd 3 pndibidl

(jfdfd).
 3<

>. Qnocnrmfd Xndtmbfsm Gndlfd Fbft Cfdtu Kfbfd Dfpfs Wmdljft Bfdkut
Mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf

Mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf fgfbfe prisns onofsujjfd pmpf ndgitrfjnf jn gfbfo trfjnf

pfsmnd. Cmbf pmpf gmofsujjfd onbfbum

onbfbum oubut gmsncut mdtucfsm iritrfjnf, cmbf onbfbum

emgudl gmsncut mdtucfsm dfsitrfjnf. Mdtucfsm gm gfbfo trfjnf mdm tnrofsuj gfbfo tftf

bfjsfdf kfbfd dfpfs tmdljft bfdkut. Wndflf jnsneftfd tnrbftme yfdl cibne onbfjujfd

mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf.

Jnludffd pmpf ndgitrfjnf fgfbfe;

• Ononbmefrf kfbfd dfpfs ftfs tnrcujf (pftnd)

•
Onocfdtu pnocnrmfd ijsmlnd jidsndtrfsm tmdllm
• Onohfsmbmtfsm pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd vibuon tmgfb yfdl tnpft udtuj

ononbmefrf pndlnocfdlfd pfru yfdl fgnjuft

• Ond`nlfe kfbfd dfpfs gfrm fspmrfsm msm bfocudl ftfu cndgf pfgft ftfu `fmrfd

gfrm oubut, jnridljidlfd ftfu kfbfd dfpfs ftfs

• Onopnrougfe pndyngitfd `fmrfd gfbfo trfjnf

• Pncflfm fbtnrdftmh udtuj onofsujjfd icft (vfsiprnsmd, npmdnhrmd gfd bmgijfmd)

 l ( p , p )

pfgf wfjtu rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl-pfru cmbf fjsns mdtrfvndf ftfu mdtrfisnus cnbuo

fgf.

Mdgmjfsm mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf fgfbfe;

• Endtm kfdtudl, cmbf vndtmbfsm gndlfd jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf tmgfj

onoudljmdjfd ftfu tmgfj nhnjtmh

• Qfsmnd lflfb dfpfs, empijsmf gndlfd pnocnrmfd ijsmlnd yfdl tmgfj fgnjuft

gndlfd fbft-fbft vndtmbfsm yfdl tmgfj mdvfsmh

• Qfsmnd yfdl tmgfj cmsf onopnrtfefdjfd kfbfd dfpfs (pfsmnd jiof)

Jiopbmjfsm mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf

• Wrfuof;

i Bfsnrfsm cmcmr, bmgfe hfrmdl, ftfu trfjnf

i Wrfuof pmtf sufrf

i Qnrhirfsm hfrmdl-nsihflus

i Oudtfe gfd fspmrfsm msm bfocudl jn gfbfo kfbfd dfpfs cfwfe

i Ondmdljftdyf snjrnsm jftnjibfomd yfdl ondyncfcjfd pndmdljftfd

tnjfdfd gfrfe, tfjmjfrgmf, ftfu frmtomf.

35

• Mdtucfsm sftu cridjus; tnrkfgm bncme snrmdl pfgf cridjus jfdfd gmcfdgmdljfd

cridjus jmrm gfd gfpft cnrfjmcft empijsnomf jfrndf tmgfj tnrgfpft vndtmbfsm

pfgf sfbfe sftu pfru-pfru, snemdllf tmdgfjfd yfdl efrus gmbfjujfd fgfbfe;

i Jnopnsjfd cfbid pmpf ndgitrfjnf,

i Wfrmj pmpf ndgitrfjnf jnbufr snjmtfr 6-3 `o, bfbu

i Jidhmrofsm pismsm pmpf ndgitrfjnf gndlfd pnonrmjsffd hmsmj.

Wnjfdfd jrmjimg

Ofjsug gfrm pndnjfdfd tubfdl rfwfd jrmjimg fgfbfe udtuj ond`nlfe rnlurlmtfsm

msm bfocudl gfd onocfdtu vmsufbmsfsm irmhmsmuo trfjnf. Qndnjfdfd gmbfjujfd sfopfm

pmpf ndgitrfjnf ofsuj, cfbid pmpf gmjnocfdljfd gfd pismsm pmpf gmpfstmjfd
gmpfstmjfd tnpft.

Qndnjfdfd jrmjimg gmbfjujfd ibne pndibidl yfdl tmgfj onocnrmjfd

onocnrmjfd vndtmbfsm ftfu

jioprnsm gfgf, gndlfd bfdljfe-bfdljfe;

6. Sfcf tidkibfd tubfdl rfwfd tmrimg (Fgfo's fppbn)

fppbn)

3. Sfcf onocrfd jrmjitmrimg yfdl onrupfjfd kfrmdlfd budfj gm cfwfe tubfdl

 rfwfd tmrimg

0. Sfcf tidkibfd jnrfs yfmtu tubfdl rfwfd jrmjimg tnpft gm cfwfe onocrfd

jrmjitmrimg.

7. Gndlfd mcu kfrm gfd kfrm tnbudkuj tnjfd jn cfwfe gfd jn frfe jnpfbf. Ofjsug
tmdgfjfd mdm ondnjfd trfjnf jn cfwfe ondutup nsihflus.

>. Bnpfsjfd tnjfdfd fpfcmbf pmpf trfjnf tnbfe tnpft pismsmdyf gfd sugfe

gmjnocfdljfd ftfu cmbf tnbfe gmpnrmdtfejfd ibne irfdl yfdl onbfjujfd

mdtucfsm.

Cmbf onrukuj pfgf pfdgufd FEF 3161, tnjfdfd jrmjimg sugfe tmgfj gmfdkurjfd bflm

jfrndf gfrm cncnrfpf jfsus, tnrdyftf rnlurlmtfsm msm bfocudl tntfp sfkf gfpft tnrkfgm.

Dfoud gnomjmfd, pfsmnd gndlfd bfocudl pndue ofsme efrus gmbfjujfd tmdgfjfd mdm.

3=

Lfocfr 3.<. Wnjfdfd Jrmjimg

Pudljup bfrmdl (Bfrydlnfb Ofsj Fmrwfy/BOF)

BOF onrupfjfd pmpf yfdl ukudldyf cnrcndtuj sudljup gndlfd cfbid yfdl cmsf

gmj c j BOF gm jj j g b h m b m j m
gmjnocfdljfd. BOF gmofsujjfd jn gfbfo hfrmdls tfdpf bfrmdlisjipm.

Lfocfr 3.5. F. BOF. C,@,G. Bfdljfe-bfdljfe pnofsfdlfd BOF

Mdgmjfsm pnofsfdlfd BOF;

• Jntmgfjofopufd pndibidl onocnrmjfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd fbft jfdtidl dfpfs-

sudljup oujf

• Endtm dfpfs gfd endtm kfdtudl

@frf pnofsfdlfd BOF;

6. Ofsujjfd BOF jn gfbfo oubut sfopfm tnrfsf fgf tfefdfd. Fgfdyf tfefdfd

01

ondudkujjfd ukudl gmstfb pmpf BOF sfopfm gm empihfrmdl.

3. Jnocfdljfd cfbiddyf. Qndlnocfdlfd cfbid fjfd ondgiridl sudljup

ondutupm bucfdl trfjnf gfd ondyncfcjfd ugfrf ondlfbmr bnwft pmpf ofsuj.

0. Qnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd pmpf BOF fjfd ondlfbmrjfd ugfrf bnwft bucfdl

gm tndlfe sudljup.

@iocmtucn (Qmpf Nsilfhus-Wrfjnf)

@iocmtucn onrupfjfd pmpf gndlfd guf buond gfd guf cfbid. Qmpf mdm gmpfsfdl

tfdpf pnrbu onovmsufbmsfsm pmtf sufrf. Pftu buond onopudyfm bucfdl-bucfdl vndtmbfsm

gm smsm pmpf pfgf tmdljft empihfrmdl gfd ukudl gmstfbdyf cudtu. Pftu buond bfmddyf

onopudyfm ukudl yfdl tnrcujf.

Cmbf @iocmtucn gmofsujjfd jn gfbfo oubut gfd cfbid hfrmdl

hfr mdl gmjnocfdljfd, cfbid

fjfd cnrfgf gm fdtfrf gfsfr bmgfe gfd pfbftuo oibbn, snemdllf @iocmtucn cnrfgf

pfgf pismsm yfdl tnpft gfd onomsfejfd irihfrmdl gfrm empihfrmdl Qndlnocfdlfd
pfgf pismsm yfdl tnpft gfd onomsfejfd irihfrmdl gfrm empihfrmdl
empihfrmdl.. Qndlnocfdlfd

cfbid nsihflus fjfd onomsfejfd trfjnf ftfu nsihflus. @iocmtucn bncme snrmdl ofsuj

jn gfbfo nsihflus gmcfdgmdljfd jn gfbfo trfjnf. Jidtrfmdgmjfsm pndlludffd

`iocmtucn fgfbfe pfsmnd gndlfd rnhbnjs hfrmdl ftfu bfrmdl.

F ? pmpf nsihflus: pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm ofsuj j n trfjnf

onbnwftm bucfdl-bucfdl sfopmdl pmpf ? C
@ ? Qmpf trfjnf: pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm onbnwftm ukudl
prijsmofb yfdl tnrcujf bfdlsudl jn trfjnf
^kudl Gmstfb G ? Cfbid hfrmdls: gmjnocfdljfd gfrm jftntnr ? N
H ? Cfbid nsihflus/trfjnf: gmjnocfdljfdljfd gfrm jftntnr ? L E ? 3
lfrms emtfo cftfs lmlm: @iocmtucn gmofsujjfd sfopfm
lfrms emtfo gm fdtfrf lmlm-lmlm

^kudl Qrijsmofb

Lfocfr 3.=. @iocmtucn

@frf pnofsfdlfd @iocmtucn;

6. Qnlfdl gfd ofsujjfd pmpf `iocmtucn yfdl cfbiddyf gfbfo jnfgffd jnopns

gndlfd frfe bndljudlfd pmpf snfrfe gndlfd bndljudlfd hfrmdls jn gfbfo

06

oubut sfopfm 3 lfrms emtfo pfgf pmpf tnrbntfj gm fdtfrf lmlm ftfs gfd lmlm cfwfe

pfsmnd.

3. Jnougmfd jnocfdljfd cfbid hfrmdl (prijsmofb/cmru) gndlfd 51-611ob ugfrf,

gfd jnougmfd cfbid nsihflus (gmstfb/putme) gndlfd 63-6>ob ugfrf.

0. Qfstmjfd pismsm @iocmtucn, gm gfbfo nsihflus ftfu trfjnf.

7. Gndlfd onocnrmjfd vndtmbfsm onbfbum pmpf cmru (hfrmdl/prijsmofb) gfd bmeft

gfgf tnrfdljft, ofjf pmpf `iocmtucn ofsuj jn gfbfo nsihflus. Onsjmpud

`iocmtucn ofsuj jn gfbfo nsihflus tfpm gfpft ondlnocfdljfd pfru jfrndf

vndtmbfsm ofsuj jngfbfo bucfdl-bucfdl pfgf smsm buond hfrmdl yfdl cnrfgf gm
fdtfrf 3 cfbid, gfd ugfrf fjfd ofsuj jn trfjnf.

>. Fpfcmbf vndtmbfsm onbfbum pmpf cmru (hfrmdl/prijsmofb) tmgfj gfpft

ondlnocfdljfd pfru, frtmdyf gfgf tmgfj tnrfdljft, ofjf vndtmbfsm gmcnrmjfd

onbfbum pmpf putme (trfjnf/gmstfb), gfd bmeft gfgf tnrfdljft, cnrfrtm

cnr frtm `iocmtucn
 ofsuj jn gfbfo trfjnf, snemdllf hudlsm `iocmtucn sfof gndlfd pmpf

ndgitrfjnf.

E
G
@ C
H

Lfocfr 3.61. @iocmtucn ofsuj jn gfbfo nsipeflus

• F? pmpf nsihflus: pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm ofsuj jn trfjnf onbnwftm bucfdl-bucfdl

gm sfopmdl pmpf ? C

• @ ? Qmpf Wrfjnf
Wrfjnf

• G ? Cfbid hfrmdl gmjnocfdljfd

• H ? Cfbid nsihflus/trfjnf gmjnocfdljfd

• E ? Guf lfrms emtfo cftfs lmlm

03

8. Qnonrmjsffd pismsm pmpf ndgitrfjnf gfd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs suprflbitmj

Qismsm fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs sn`npftdyf efrus gmpnrmjsf gndlfd `frf pnocnrmfd

dfpfs cuftfd gndlfd fbft jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf. Wmdgfjfd mdm tmgfj pnrbu

ondlendtmjfd jioprnsm kfdtudl pfgf pfsmnd yfdl sngfdl gmbfjujfd rnsusmtfsm

kfdtudl pfru.

Qnonrmjsffd pismsm pmpf gm gfbfo trfjnf gfpft gmbfjujfd gndlfd;

• Qnonrmjsffd hmsmj yfmtu gndlfd onbmeft gfgf ondlnocfdl, bfjujfd fusjubtfsm

gm > tnopft yfmtu gm ftfs pnrut, bfpfdlfd pfru ftfs jfdfd-jmrm, gfd bfpfdlfd

pfru cfwfe jfdfd-jmrm.

• Fbft-fbft snpnrtm ndg tmgfb @I3 gntn`tir gfd nsipeflnfb gntn`tir.

Qnonrmjsffd hmsmj
 Fpfcmbf gmdgmdl gfgf tmgfj tnrbmeft ondlnocfdl gfd pfgf fusjubtfsm tnrgndlfr

lurlbmdl gm npmslfstrmuo cnrfrtm tnrkfgm mdtucfsm nsihflus. Xndtmbfsm gndlfd jfdtidl

dfpfs- sudljup oujf gmendtmjfd, gfd pmpf ndgitrfjnf gm`fcut, jnougmfd;

f. Cnrmjfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf ftfu pnrtmocfdljfd

pndlludffd fbft cfdtu dfpfs bfdkut bfmddyf snpnrtm BOF ftfu @iocmtucn.

c. ^bfdlm mdtucfsm pmpf ndgitrfjnf gmgfbfo trfjnf sntnbfe onbfjujfd rnijsmlndfsm

gndlfd vndtmbfsm jfdtidl dfpfs-sudljup oujf.

`. Pntnbfe mdtucfsm ubfdl, tfopfj pndlnocfdlfd gmdgmdl gfgf gfd tmgfj

tnrgndlfr sufrf `fmrfd gfrm gfbfo pnrut, bfjujfd fusjubtfsm gm > tnopft yfmtu gm

ftfs pnrut, bfpfdlfd pfru ftfs jfdfd-jmrm, gfd bfpfdlfd pfru cfwfe jfdfd-jmrm

g. Fpfcmbf cnbuo yfjmd gndlfd pismsm pmpf ndgitrfjnf, ofjf bfjujfd bfrmdlisjipm

ubfdl udtuj onofstmjfd ukudl pmpf ndgitrfjnf tnbfe onbnwftm pmtf sufrf.

Jfpdilrfhm

Cnrcflfm fbft nbnjtridmj gfd onjfdmj gfpft gmludfjfd gm bufr ofupud gm gfbfo
ruofe sfjmt. Cnrcflfm oignb gntnjtir @I3 fjemr njspmrfsm yfdl cnrhudlsm sn`frf

jufbmtftmh, jufdtmtftmh, ftfupud jidtmdyu, gfd gntnjtir nsihflfb tnrsngmf gfrm yfdl

sngnrefdf sfopfm yfdl jiopbnjs gndlfd efrlf ofefb.

Gntnjtir @I3 fjemr njspmrfsm onrupfjfd fbft udtuj ondlndfbm fgfdyf @I3 yfdl

gmnjspmrfsm gfrm pfru. Ontign yfdl pfbmdl sngnrefdf gmludfjfd udtuj ondmbfm pismsm

00

gm gfbfo kfbfd dfhfs ftfu gm nsihflus, yfmtu gndlfd fgfdyf wfrdf udlu cnrfrtm tmgfj

fgf @I3 yfdl cnrfrtm pmpf gm gfbfo nsihflus, gfd cmbf wfrdf judmdl cnrfrtm pmpf gm

gfbfo trfjnf. Onsjmpud gnomjmfd fbft mdm tmgfj gfpft ondmbfm jngfbfofd pmpf gm

gfbfo trfjnf.

Jnsfbfefd pnrucfefd wfrdf snrmdl tnrkfgm pfgf pfsmnd endtm kfdtudl ftfu gndlfd

nocibm pfru. Jfrndf mtu pndmbfmfd gmfdkurjfd sntnbfe gmbfjujfd pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm

sncfdyfj >-8 jfbm. Ontign bfmddyf fgfbfe gndlfd fbft yfdl gmsncut jfpdiontnr yfdl

ondlujur sn`frf jufdtmtftmh @I3. fjemr njspmrfsm onocnrmjfd lfocfr yfdl gmsncut

jfpdilrfh. Fbft mdm gfpft ondlujur @I3 fjemr njspmrfsm sn`frf tnrus ondnrus. Fpfcmbf
pmpf ndgitrfjnf ofsuj jn gfbfo trfjnf ofjf jfpdiontnr ondlnbufrjfd lnbiocfdl

gfd fdljf yfdl ondllfocfrjfd dmbfm @I3.

Qnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf ftfu fbft cfdtu kfbfd

dfpfs suprflbitmj yfdl gmbfjujfd rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl-pfru.

Qfgf pfsmnd gndlfd endtm kfdtudl ftfu endtm dfpfs, pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd

onopnreftmjfd efb-efb sncflfm cnrmjut;

6. Xibuon;

f. Cnsfrdyf vibuon ijsmlnd yfdl gmcnrmjfd gndlfd jfdtudl dfpfs-sudljup

oujf efdyf sfopfm gfgf tfopfj tnrfdljft

c. Qfgf pfsmnd icnsmtfs gmcnrmjfd vibuon yfdl bncme cnsfr

`. Pntmfp pnocnrmfd vibuon bfofdyf 6 gntmj

3. Jn`npftfd. Jn`npftfd pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm gndlfd jfdtudl dfpfs-sudljup

oujf fgfbfe;

f. 61 jfbm pnr ondmt ( sntmfp 8 gntmj) pfgf wfjtu rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl pfru.

c. 63 jfbm pnr ondmt ( sntmfp > gntmj) pfgf wfjtu endtm dfpfs tfdpf gmsnrtfm

endtm kfdtudl

0. Pmjbus jioprnsm gfgf-vndtmbfsm; tmgfj fgf smdjridmsfsm fdtfrf jioprnsm gfgf

gfd pnocnrmfd vndtmbfsm.

<. Qndyngitfd Kfbfd Dfpfs Ftfs ]fdl Wnrsuocft

Qndyngitfd fgfbfe jiopidnd yfdl pndtmdl gfbfo ondlnbibf kfbfd dfpfs pfsmnd.

Wndflf jnsneftfd efrus smfp udtuj onbfjujfd pndyngitfd cmbf kfbfd dfpfs

07

tnrsuocft ibne snjrnt, gfrfe, ftfu oudtfefd. Qnrfbftfd pndyngit tnrgmrm gfrm udmt

yfdl ougfe gmcfwf ftfu udmt yfdl tnrtfdfo pfgf gmdgmdl.

Qnrfbftfd pndyngit yfdl ougfe gmcfwf, ftfu gmpmdgfejfd gndlfd ougfe efrus

onombmjm gfyf sngit yfdl onofgfm. ^ouodyf yfdl gmcutuejfd fgfbfe gfyf sngit

sncnsfr -51 emdllf -631 ooEl. ^dmt pndyngit yfdl tnrtfdfo pfgf gmdgmdl gfpft

onocnrmjfd gfyf sngit emdllf bncme gfrm -011 ooEl jntmjf snbfdl gmpfsfdl pfgf

gfyf sngit pndue.

Jftntnr Budfj gfd Jnrfs

Wnrsngmf jftntnr pndyngit yfdl budfj gfd jnrfs. Jftntnr yfdl budfj gfd hbnjsmcnb

gfpft gmludfjfd gfbfo oubut ftfu emgudl Jftntnr yfdl budfj gfd hbnjsmcnb tnrsngmf
gfpft gmludfjfd gfbfo oubut ftfu emgudl. Jftntnr yfdl budfj gfd hbnjsmcnb tnrsngmf

gfbfo pnocudljus stnrmb gfd kulf gfpft gmludfjfd udtuj pndyngitfd yfdl gfbfo

pfgf pmpf ndgitrfjnf gmgfbfo trfjnf. Jftntnr yfdl jnrfs (`idtiedyf, ]fdjfunr)

gmludfjfd udtuj ondyngit irihfrmdl. Jftntnr kndms mdm bncme cfmj gmludfjfd udtuj

ondyngit snjrnt gfd cfefd pfrtmjubft yfdl jndtfb.

Kndms Jftntnr Jnludffd

Budfj Fspmrfsm snjrnt jndtfb gfrm irihfrmdl gfd dfsihfrmdl

Qndyngitfd snjrnt gfbfo pmpf ndgitrfjnf

Qndyngitfd onbfbum DQF udtuj ondlfjsns cflmfd cnbfjfdl hfrmdl

pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd lmlm yfdl ond`ndljrfo/ondlud`m

Jnrfs Bncme nhnjtmh udtuj ondyngit irihfrmdls, jeususdyf cmbf tnrgfpft

cfefd pfrtmjnb yfdl jndtfb.

Qrisngur pndyngitfd irihfrmdl

Mjutm bfdljfe-bfdljfe cnrmjut udtuj onbfjujfd pndyngitfd irihfrmdl;

Bfdljfe Wmdgfjfd

6 Ofsujjfd jftntnr ftfu fbft pndyngit gndlfd bnocut jn gfbfo irihfrmdls

onbnwftm bmgfe.

^jurbfe jftntnr sncnbuo onbfjujfd pndyngitfd, gfd kfdlfd ofsujjfd

jftntnr bncme kfue gfrm kfrfj fdtfrf ukudl emgudl gndlfd `upmdl tnbmdlf.

0>

3 Ludfjfd pndyngit gndlfd ondlefocft cflmfd pfdljfb pfgf sfft ondfrmj

jftntnr gndlfd lnrfjfd onoutfr ftfu onombmd

Pn`frf jeusus, cftfsm usfef pndyngitfd emdllf 61 gntmj ftfu jurfdl. ^dtuj

ondlemdgfrm tnrkfgmdyf empijsnomf, gfeubum gfd mjutm usfef pndyngitfd

gndlfd pnocnrmfd ijsmlnd 611% gfbfo wfjtu yfdl smdljft.

Qnofdtfud gndyut kfdtudl, bfku dfgm, sfturfsm ijsmlnd, gfd jnfgffd jbmdms

pfsmnd snbfof pndyngitfd. Cmbf tnrkfgm crfgmjfrgmf, turuddyf sfturfsm ijsmlnd, ftfu
jnfgffd jbmdms onocuruj, snlnrf endtmjfd pndyngitfd. Cnrmjfd ijsmlnd fbmrfd tmdllm

em g k j c bm bg j gm m jbm m c mj C b e mb m
 emdllf gndyut kfdtudl jnocfbm dirofb gfd jidgmsm jbmdms onocfmj. Cfdtubfe vndtmbfsm

cmbf gmcutuejfd.

G. QNDLNBIBFFD PMSJ^BFPM QFGF EMQIJPMF

Pfbfe sftu hudlsm smrjubfsm fgfbfe ondgmstrmcusmjfd I3 yfdl tnrgfpft gfbfo gfrfe jn

snburue tucue (snb / kfrmdlfd).

Wfdgf-tfdgf hudlsm smrjubfsm cfmj

Wfdgf-tfdgf hudlsm smrjubfsm cfmj;

• Qnrhusm cfmj, yfdl gmtfdgfm gndlfd;

i Fjrfb efdlft.

i Qrigujsm urmdn `ujup (1,>-6 ``/jl cc/kfo).

i Hudlsm irlfd tucue cfmj .

• Wnjfdfd gfrfe gfd dfgm cfmj.

Pyfrft flfr smrjubfsm cnrhudlsm gndlfd cfmj mfbfe;

• Gndyut kfdtudl;

i Hrnjundsmdyf `ujup (snsufm gndlfd uour)

i Mrfof yfdl tnrftur

• Xibuon `fmrfd mdtrf vfsjubnr `ujup.

• Qnocubue gfrfe gfd omjrismrjubfsm cfmj.

Cmbf hudlsm smrjubfsm tmgfj fgnjuft, tmdgfjfddyf mfbfe iptmofsm hudlsm smrjubfsm, yfmtu;

• Onbfjujfd rnsusmtfsm `fmrfd

08

Wukufd rnsusmtfsm `fmrfd mfbfe flfr vibuon `fmrfd mdtrfvfsjubnr `ujup, gndlfd

efrfpfd prnbifg kfdtudl (tnrutfof kfdtudl cflmfd jmrm) `ujup snemdllf `urfe

kfdtudl (strijn
(strijn vibuon)
vibuon) ond`ujupm. Gndlfd gnomjmfd `frgmf` iutput `ujup.

• Ondliptmofbjfd jidtrfjsm itit kfdtudl

Cmbf tnrcujtm cfewf jidtrfjsm itit kfdtudl tmgfj juft, ofjf tmdgfjfd jmtf mfbfe

onopnrjuft jidtrfjsm itit kfdtudl gndlfd pnocnrmfd icft yfdl cnrsmhft mditripmj

pismtmh, omsfbdyf gipfomdn, gicutfomd, fgrndfbmd.

• Onopnrcfmjm jnfgffd pnocubue gfrfe

Qfsmnd lfwft gfd sfjmt jrmtms fjfd ondlfbfom lfdllufd pnocubue gfrfe, cmsf
 ondlfbfom jidstrmjsm (vfsijidstrmjsm) ftfu gmbftfsm (vfsigmbftfsm). Flfr tnjfdfd

pnrhusm `ujup iptmofb snemdllf pnrhusm jn snburue tucue iptmofb ofjf jmtf

onofdmpubfsm pnocubue gfrfe yfdl ondlfbfom lfdllufd gndlfd ondlludfjfd

icft-icftfd vfsifjtmh, omsfbdyf dir-fgrndfbmd (cnrsmhft vfsijidtrmjtir) ftfu

libidlfd dmtrft (cnrsmhft vfsigmbftftir).

• Onopnrcfmjm mrfof gndyut kfdtudl

Lfdllufd mrfof gfpft ondyncfcjfd hudlsm kfdtudl tmgfj iptmofb. Ibne jfrndf mtu
m tu

cmbf mrfof kfdtudl ondllfdllu enoigmdfomjf jmtf onbfjujfd iptmofsm gndlfd

ondlludfjfd icft3fd yfdl tnrlibidl gfbfo icft fdtm-frmtomf.

Omjrismrjubfsm
Omjrismrjubfsm onrupfjfd udmt yfdl sfdlft pndtmdl gfbfo jnemgupfd, jfrndf

onrupfjfd tnopft tnrkfgmdyf prisns ijsmlndfsm gfd trfdspirt dutrmsm udtuj kfrmdlfd snrtf

pndyncfrfd icft gfd prisns moudmtfs fpfcmbf tucue ondlfbfom sfjmt.

Omtijidgrmf onrupfjfd cflmfd gfrm snb sncflfm tnopft tnrkfgmdyf ontfcibmson yfdl

ondlefsmbjfd FWQ (ndnrkm). Fpfcmbf omtijidgrmf tmgfj `ujup ondgfpftjfd I 3 ftfu tmgfj

cmsf ondlludfjfd I3 fjfd tnrkfgm gmstrns gmtmdljft snbubnr gndlfd ofdmhnstfsm jbmdms yfdl

cnrof`fo of`fo gfd onrupfjfd fwfb lflfb irlfd yfdl oubtmpnb.

Qnofdtfufd lfdllufd gm tmdljft omjrismrjubfsm gfpft gmjnrkfjfd sn`frf ‒cng smg

smgn‟
n‟

yfmtu gndlfd ondlujur p@I3 kfrmdlfd gfd ondlludfjfd irteilidfb pibfrmzftmid spn`trfb

(IQP). Kfrmdlfd yfdl cmsf onwfjmbm udtuj gmpfdtfu fgfbfe gmcfwfe bmgfe (sucbmdlufb).

0<

Qnofdtfufd tnrefgfp ijsmlndfsm kfrmdlfd

Qnrkfbfdfd I3 gfrm ugfrf bufr sfopfm jn kfrmdlfd pnrbu gmpfdtfu, flfr fpfcmbf tnrkfgm

lfdllufd ofjf fdtmsmpfsm gfd pndlnbibffddyf bncme tnpft snsufm gndlfd

pnrofsfbfefddyf.

• Qnofdtfufd I3 gm pfru

Wukufd onofdtfu gm tmdljft pfru fgfbfe udtuj ondlntfeum cflfmofdf prisns

gmhusm lfs I3 gfd @I3.

]fdl gmpfdtfu;
 l p
i PfI3 (PpI3)

i QfI3 / HmI3

i F-f GI3

• Qnofdtfufd I3 gm gfrfe;

Wukufd onofdtfu fgfbfe onbmeft jfdgudlfd I 3 gfbfo gfrfe.

]fdl gmpfdtfu ;

i PfI3

i QfI3

i Jfdgudlfd I gfbfo gfrfe (ixylnd

(ixylnd `idtndt)
3

• Qnofdtfufd ijsmlndfsm gm tmdljft snb;

Wukufddyf fgfbfe ondlntfeum prisns ijsmlndfsm snb / kfrmdlfd.

]fdl gmpfdtfu;

i Jfgfr bfjtft gfrfe

i Cfsn gnhmsmt / njsns (CG/N)

i P`vI3 (sfturfsm ijsmlnd vndf sndtrfb)

05

SNHNSNDPM

6. Dnuofr, S. \., Itti, @. \., Bmdj, O. P., Jridm`j, P. B., Peustnr, O., @fbbfwfy, @. \., ...

& Qfssofd, S. P. (3161). Qfrt 5; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt; 3161

Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg

nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 633(65YsuppbY0), P<3=-P<8<.

3. N`` @ioomttnn. (311>). 311> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir

`frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid,

 663(37 Puppb), MX6.
0. Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid md `ibbfcirftmid wmte ten Mdtnrdftmidfb Bmfmsid @ioomttnn

id Snsus`mtftmid. (3111). Lumgnbmdns 3111 hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg

nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn; fd mdtnrdftmidfb `idsndsus id s`mnd`n. @mr`ubftmid,

613.

7. Nmsndcnrl OP, Efbbstrio FQ, @ipfss OJ, nt. fb. Wrnftondt ih iut-ih-eispmtfb `frgmf`

frrnsts wmte rfpmg gnhmcrmbbftmid cy nonrlnd`y ongm`fb tn`edm`mfds. D Ndlb K Ong.

6=51:013;60<=-50.

>. Cnrl, S. F., Enopembb, S., Fcnbbf, C. P., Fuhgnrenmgn, W. Q., @fvn, G. O., Efzmdsjm, O. H.,

... & Pwir, S. F. (3161). Qfrt >; fgubt cfsm` bmhn suppirt; 3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt
Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y

`frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 633(65YsuppbY0), P85>-P<1>.

8. Jbnmdofd ON, Crnddfd NN, Libgcnrlnr [G, nt fb. 316> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid

Lumgnbmdns ^pgftn hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr

@frn: Qfrt >; Fgubt Cfsm` Bmhn Puppirt fdg @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid Vufbmty.

@mr`ubftmid.. 316>:603Zsuppb 3_;P767‐P70>.

@mr`ubftmid ‐P70>.

<. Pifr, K., Dibfd, K. Q., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Qnrjmds, L. G., Bitt, @., @frbm, Q., ... & Pudgn, J.

(316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316>; sn`tmid 0.

Fgubt fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 611-67<.

5. Qnrjmds, L. G., Efdgbny, F. K., Jistnr, S. \., @fstríd, O., Poyte, O. F., Ibfsvnndlnd,

W., ... & Smstfldi, L. (316>). Nuripnfd Snsus`mtftmid @iud`mb Lumgnbmdns hir

Snsus`mtftmid 316>; Pn`tmid 3. Fgubt cfsm` bmhn suppirt fdg futioftng nxtnrdfb

gnhmcrmbbftmid. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 56-==.

=. Jistnr, S. \., Cfucmd, O. F., Cissfnrt, B. B., @fcfbbnri, F., @fssfd, Q., @fstríd, O., ... &

Sfhhfy, X. (3161). Nuripnfd Snsus`mtftmid @iud`mb Lumgnbmdns hir Snsus`mtftmid 3161

0=

Pn`tmid 3. Fgubt cfsm` bmhn suppirt fdg usn ih futioftng nxtnrdfb gnhmcrmbbftirs.

Snsus`mtftmid, 56(61), 63<<-63=3.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗
 71

CFC MMM

WNSFQM BMPWSMJ GNHMCSMBFPM, FNG, JFSGMIXNSPM,

GFD QF@^ KFDW^DL

F. Qndgfeubufd

Wnrfpm bmstrmj cnrupf gnhmcrmbfsm, jfrgmivnrsm, gfd pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd onrupfjfd
 p p p k l p

cflmfd gfrm cfdtufd emgup gfsfr ofupud cfdtufd emgup bfdkut. Gnhmcrmbfsm cfmj

ondlludfjfd gnhmcrmbftir ofdufb ofupud futioftng nxtnrdfb gnhmcrmbbftir (FNG)

onrupfjfd tmdgfjfd yfdl pndtmdl udtuj tftf bfjsfdf endtm kfdtudl gndlfd mrfof hmcrmbfsm

vndtrmjnb ofupud tfjmjfrgm vndtrmjnb tfdpf dfgm. Jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm gmludfjfd

pfgf jfsus tfjmfrmtomf yfdl ondyncfcjfd lfdllufd enoigmdfomj, sngfdljfd pf`u

kfdtudl trfdsjutfd gfpft gmludfjfd pfgf jfsus crfgmfrmtomf gndlfd lfdllufd

enoigmdfomj.

C. ^SFMFD OFWNSM

WMDGFJFD GNHMCSMBFPM
Gnhmcrmbfsm onrupfjfd prisns pnocnrmfd snkuobfe frus bmstrmj udtuj jnkut kfdtudl

onbfbum fbft gnhmcrmbftir yfdl gmefrfpjfd gfpft ondlnocfbmjfd mrfof ondkfgm dirofb.

Gnhmcrmbfsm gmludfjfd pfgf jidgmsm endtm kfdtudl yfdl gmsncfcjfd ibne XW (vndtrm`ubfr
( vndtrm`ubfr

tf`ey`frgmf),
tf`ey`frgmf), XH (vndtrm`ubfr
(vndtrm`ubfr hmcrmbbftmid)
hmcrmbbftmid) ftfu XW pibmoirhmj (tirsfgn
( tirsfgn gn pimdtns).
pimdtns).

Jncnrefsmbfd gnhmcrmbfsm fjfd ondurud kmjf gmbfjujfd snofjmd bfof gfd XH `ndgnrudl

cnrucfe ondkfgm fsmstib gfbfo cncnrfpf ondmt. Fdljf jnoftmfd ondmdljft <-61% sntmfp

ondmt yfdl tnrbnwftm tfdpf gmbfjujfd rnsusmtfsm.

Gnhmcrmbftir oignrd gmjbfsmhmjfsmjfd cnrgfsfrjfd 3 tmpn cndtuj lnbiocfdl, oidihfsmj

gfd cmhfsmj. Gnhmcrmbftir oidihfsmj onrupfjfd lndnrfsm pnrtfof, tfpm gnhmcrmbftir cmhfsmj

sfft mdm bncme cfdyfj gmludfjfd. Wmdljft ndnrlm cnrvfrmfsm gmeucudljfd gndlfd pnbufdl

yfdl bncme tmdllm udtuj jnocfbmdyf mrfof sn`frf spidtfd. Gnhmcrmbftir lnbiocfdl

oidihfsmj ondlefdtfrjfd ndnrlm gndlfd sftu jutuc. Gnhmcrmbftir lnbiocfdl cmhfsmj

ondlludfjfd sftu gfrm guf lnbiocfdl gfd sntmfp lnbiocfdl tnrcujtm nhnjtmh udtuj

ondlembfdljfd XH gndlfd gisms tnrtndtu. Qfgf gisms yfdl sfof ftfu bncme rndgfe gfrm

lnbiocfdl oidihfsmj, lnbiocfdl cmhfsmj bncme fofd gfd nhnjtmh udtuj ondlembfdljfd

XH. Pftu jnkut gnhmcrmbfsm cmhfsmj sntfrf cfejfd bncme cfmj gfrm tmlf jfbm jnkut gnhmcrmbfsm

76

oidihfsmj.

Qfgf gnhmcrmbftir cmhfsmj, rnjiondgfsm cnsfrdyf ndnrlm yfdl gmludfjfd uouodyf

gm`fdtuojfd pfgf fbft (gfpft cnrcngf sntmfp onrj). Cmbf privmgnr ondlludfjfd

gnhmcrmbftir cmhfsmj yfdl tmgfj ondlntfeum rndtfdl gisms nhnjtmh udtuj ondlftfsm XH, ofjf

pndibidl gfpft ondlludfjfd pmbmefd 311 K sncflfm gisms fwfb gfd sntnrusdyf. Cmbf
ondlludfjfd gnhmcrmbftir oidihfsmj, pmbme gisms 081 K udtuj snouf jnkutfd.

Gisms tnrjn`mb gnhmcrmbfsm yfdl nhnjtmh pfgf cfym gfd fdfj gfd cftfs ftfs udtuj

gnhmcrmbfsm yfdl fofd kulf cnbuo gmjntfeum. Gisms 7 - 61 K/jl nhnjtmh onocnrm gnhmcrmbfsm

pfgf fdfj-fdfj, tfdpf nhnj curuj yfdl cnrofjdf. Qfgf fdfj usmf 6-5 tfeud gnhmcrmbfsm

ofdufb yfdl gmrnjiondgfsmjfd (oidihfsmj ftfu cmhfsmj) fgfbfe 3 K/jl udtuj pnr`icffd

pnrtfof gfd 7 K/jl udtuj pnr`icffd snbfdkutdyf.

Futioftng nxtnrdfb gnhmcrmbbftir (FNG) fgfbfe fbft yfdl gmprilrfo ibne jioputnr

ondlludfjfd cfdtufd sufrf gfd lfocfr udtuj onofdgu tndflf jnsneftfd onbfjujfd

gnhmcrmbfsm pfgf XH sn`frf fofd. Pnkfj tfeud 6==>, FEF tnbfe onrnjiondgfsmjfd

pndlnocfdlfd prilrfo bfy-rns`unr FNG udtuj ondmdljftjfd jncnrefsmbfd rnsusmtfsm gm

bufr SP. Wukufd gfrm prilrfo mdm fgfbfe udtuj ondlurfdlm mdtnrvfb wfjtu gfrm idsnt XH

emdllf gmbfjujfd SKQ gfd pndlefdtfrfd jnkutfd, gndlfd onofstmjfd cfewf FNG gfd bfy-

rns`unr yfdl gmbftme cnrfgf gm frnf pucbmj bijfsm endtm kfdtudl gfpft tnrkfgm. Efb mdm

ondnjfdjfd pndtmdldyf pndlnbibffd, pnrnd`fdffd, pnbftmefd gfd ondleucudljfd

smstno lfwft gfrurft ongms snrtf ondnrfpjfd prisns pnrcfmjfd jufbmtfs sn`frf

cnrjnsmdfocudlfd. FNG efdyf cnrludf pfgf snrfdlfd gmsncfcjfd ibne XH/XW tfdpf

dfgm, gfd efb mdm tmgfj nhnjtmh udtuj pndftfbfjsfdffd fsmstib gfd QNF. Qndlludf FNG efrus

gmbftme tmgfj efdyf udtuj ondlndfbm jnlfwftfd gfd pndlludffd FNG tntfpm kulf

pndtmdldyf vndtmbfsm tnjfdfd pismtmh gfd smrjubfsm gfbfo SKQ snsufm jncutuefd. \fbfu FNG

tmgfj gmrfd`fdl udtuj onocnrmjfd jnkutfd bmstrmj tnrsmdjridmsfsm (omsfbdyf jfrgmivnrsm

pfgf XW gndlfd gndyut dfgm), tntfpm FNG fjfd ondlfdkurjfd udtuj onbfjujfd jnkutfd

tmgfj tnrsmdjridmsfsm pfgf XW oidioirhmj gfd pibmoirhmj cmbf jnjnrfpfd gfd oirhibilm

lnbiocfdl S onbfopfum dmbfm dirofb.

73

F. Qnrsmfpfd pfsmnd

Cujf pfjfmfd pfsmnd cflmfd gfgf, smfpjfd frnf fpnx kfdtudl gfd cflmfd stnrduo

udtuj onbfjujfd gnhmcrmbfsm. Qfgf pfsmnd prmf gndlfd rfocut gfgf yfdl bncft, jidtfj

nbnjtrigf jn gfgf fjfd tnrlfdllu, jfrndf rfocut tnrsncut gfpft ondmocubjfd

k c j g b j g g j bm em b jb ( ggb ) mg j
kncfjfd ugfrf fdtfrf nbnjtrigf gfd jubmt, snemdllf bnt
bntfj
fj bnopndl (pfggbns
pfggbns)) yfdl tmgfj

tnpft fjfd ondmdljftjfd tfefdfd gndlfd biopftfd ndnrlm. \fbfu sfdlft kfrfdl, pfgf

bmdljudlfd yfdl jfyf ijsmlnd snpnrtm udmt pnrfwftfd mdtndsmh, biopftfd ndnrlm mdm

gfpft ondmocubjfd jncfjfrfd fpfcmbf tnrgfpft pnr`mjfd fpm.

Qndibidl efrus ondnopftjfd pfggbn pfgf pismsm stnrdfb-fpmjfb. Bnopndl gfgf

jfdfd (stnrdfb) gmbntfjjfd pfgf gfgf cflmfd supnri-fdtnrmir cflmfd jfdfd gfd

bnopndl fpmjfb (jmrm) gmbntfjjfd pfgf gfgf cflmfd mdhnri-bftnrfb jmrm. Qnbntfjfd

bnopndl pfgf pismsm bfmd yfdl ofsme gfpft gmtnrmof fgfbfe pfgf gmdgmdl bftnrfb jfdfd

gfd jmrm (cmfjsmbnr) ftfu bnopndl jmrm pfgf pismsm fpmjfb stfdgfr sngfdljfd bnopndl

bfmddyf gmbntfjjfd pfgf pudlludl jfdfd ftfu jmrm.

Cmbf ondlludfjfd bnocfr cnrpnrnjft (pft`e

pft`e),
), pndibidl efrus onbnjftjfddyf

gndlfd cfmj pfgf gfgf gfd ondlemdgfrm jidtfj gndlfd sfgfpfd NJL. Qndlludffd

bnocfr cnrpnrnjft fjfd ondlurfdlm rmsmji tnrkfgmdyf biopftfd bmstrmj. Cmbf

onoudljmdjfd efrus gmbfjujfd pnd`ujurfd gfnrfe yfdl fjfd gmbnjftm bnocfr

cnrpnrnjft. Cmbf pfsmnd gfbfo jidgmsm cfsfe, usfefjfd udtuj ondlnrmdljfd snlnrf

gfnrfe yfdl fjfd gmbnjftm bnocfr tnrsncut. Pfft onocnrmjfd gnhmcrmbfsm pfgf pfsmnd

yfdl ondlludfjfd pf`u kfdtudl pnrofdnd (QQO) ftfu mopbfdtfcbn `frgmivnrtnr

gnhmcrmbbftir (M@G), cnrmjfd kfrfj omdmofb > `o gfrm lndnrftir pf`u kfdtudl ftfu M@G

udtuj ond`nlfe ofbhudlsm pf`u kfdtudl ftfu M@G tnrsncut.

C. Qnrsmfpfd pndibidl

Bfdkutjfd jioprnsm gfgf gfd vndtmbfsm emdllf fbft gnhmcrmbftir smfp.

@. Qnrsmfpfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir gfd pndudkfdl

6. Pmfpjfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir snsufm gndlfd yfdl fgf gm hfsmbmtfs jnsneftfd

sntnopft snrtf lnb

3. Dyfbfjfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir, pfsfdl bnfg NJL gnhmcrmbftir pfgf pfsmnd

0. Pmfpjfd fbft-fbft rnsusmtfsm gfd cfl-vfbvn ofsj (cfllmdl)

(cfllmdl)

70

G. Wmdgfjfd gnhmcrmbfsm

6. Bfdkutjfd jioprnsm gfgf.

3 Dyfbfjfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir Ludfjfd gisms ndnrlm ofjsmouo (cmhfsmj 311K

 3. Dyfbfjfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir. Ludfjfd gisms ndnrlm ofjsmouo (cmhfsmj 311K,

oidihfsmj 081 K).

0. Pmfpjfd lnb pfgf pfggbns.

7. Qismsmjfd pfggbns pfgf gfgf pfsmnd gm cflmfd fdtnrmir jfdfd (cflmfd

stnrduo) gfd bmdnf fjsmbf jmrm (cflmfd fpnx kfdtudl). Bfjujfd `efrlmdl

gndlfd ondnjfd tiocib @EFSLN pfgf pfggbns yfdl gmpismsmjfd gm fpnx.

>. Jntmjf fbft gnhmcrmbftir sugfe gm @EFSLN emdllf pndue, cnrm fcf-fcf jnpfgf

tmo supfyf tmgfj ondyndtue pfsmnd. Endtmjfd jioprnsm gfd vndtmbfsm.

8. Pntnbfe onofstmjfd snburue tmo tmgfj ondyndtue pfsmnd gfd mrfof oidmtir

ofsme ondudkujjfd mrfof XW/XH, tnjfd jnguf tiocib gm pfggbn gnhmcrmbftir

udtuj onbnpfs ndnrlm sei`j. Cnrmjfd tnjfdfd 63.> jl jntmjf fjfd onbfjujfd

gnhmcrmbfsm.

<. Pntnbfe snbnsfm onbfjujfd gnhmcrmbfsm, snlnrf bfdkutjfd jioprnsm gfd

vndtmbfsm snbfof > smjbus ftfu 3 ondmt. Nvfbufsm mrfof kfdtudl gmbfjujfd

sntnbfe onbfjujfd 3 ondmt rnsusmtfsm.

JFSGMIXNSPM
Jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm fgfbfe efdtfrfd jnkut yfdl cnrsfoffd gndlfd jiopbnjs

VSP (smdjrid). Pmdjridmsfsm mdm cnrtukufd udtuj ondlemdgfrm efdtfrfd jnkut snbfof ofsf

rnhrfjtnr rnbftmh smjbus kfdtudl. Ndnrlm (gisms jnkut) yfdl gmludfjfd udtuj jnkut smdjridmsfsm

bncme rndgfe gfrm pfgf yfdl gmludfjfd udtuj jnkut yfdl tmgfj tnrsmdjridmsfsm (gnhmcrmbfsm).

Jnkut gndlfd ndnrlm yfdl rndgfe mdm snefrusdyf snbfbu gmefdtfrjfd sncflfm jnkut yfdl

smdjrid jfrndf kmjf gmefdtfrjfd sncflfm jnkut tmgfj tnrsmdjridmsfsm ofjf gfpft onom`u

tnrkfgmdyf XH.

Kmjf jfrgmivnrsm gmcutuejfd gfd tmgfj oudljmd gmbfjujfd jnkut smdjrid (omsfbdyf mrfof

kfdtudl pfsmnd mrnlubfr), ludfjfd jnkut fsmdjrid ndnrlm tmdllm. Efdtfrfd jnkut

tnrsmdjridmsfsm (jfrgmivnrsm) gmmdgmjfsmjfd udtuj ondlicftm tfjmfrmtomf yfdl tmgfj stfcmb

gndlfd dfgm yfdl cnreucudlfd gndlfd pnocndtujfd jiopbnjs VSP snpnrtm pfgf

suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf (PXW), ftrmfb hmcrmbbfsm, ftrmfb hbuttnr. Jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm

77

gfpft kulf gmbfjujfd pfgf XW oidioirhmj gndlfd dfgm gndlfd enoigmdfomj yfdl tmgfj

stfcmb.

Gisms ndnrlm fwfb yfdl gmrnjiondgfsmjfd udtuj jfrgmivnrsm ftrmfb hmcrmbbfsm fgfbfe 631-
311 K udtuj fbft cmhfsmj gfd 311 K udtuj fbft oidihfsmj. Pngfdljfd jfrgmivnrsm udtuj ftrmfb

hbuttnr gfd PXW onocutuejfd ndnrlm yfdl bncme rndgfe: yfjdm >1-611 K. Kmjf gndlfd gisms

>1 K fwfb lflfb, pndibidl sncfmjdyf ondmdljftjfd gisms sn`frf cnrtfefp. Qfgf fdfj-fdfj

gfpft gmcnrmjfd ndnrlm fwfb 1,>-6 K/jl udtuj PXW, gndlfd gisms ofjsmofb 3 K/jl. XW
oidioirhmj yfdl tmgfj stfcmb gndlfd dfgm gmicftm gndlfd jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm

gndlfd ndnrlm fwfb 611 K. Pngfdljfd XW pibmoirhmj gndlfd ftfu tfdpf dfgm gmicftm

sncflfm XH gndlfd ondlludfjfd ndnrlm jnkut tmdllm yfdl tmgfj tnrsmdjridmsfsm (gisms

gnhmcrmbfsm). Gisms udtuj fdfj-fdfj gmrnjiondgfsmjfd ndnrlm fwfb 1,>-6 K/jl, gndlfd gisms

ofjsmofb 3 K/jl sfof snpnrtm pfgf PXW

F. Qnrsmfpfd pfsmnd

6. Mdhirong `idsndt tmdgfjfd yfdl fjfd gmbfjujfd. Knbfsjfd tndtfdl gmfldisms

frmtomf jnpfgf pfsmnd/jnbufrlf, cfefyf frmtomf tnrsncut, rnd`fdf tmdgfjfd

jnkut bmstrmj yfdl fjfd gmbfjujfd

3. Cujf pfjfmfd pfsmnd cflmfd gfgf, smfpjfd frnf fpnx kfdtudl gfd cflmfd

stnrduo udtuj onbfjujfd jfrgmivnrsm

C. Qnrsmfpfd pndibidl

6. Qfdllmb tmo udtuj fsmstnd tmdgfjfd jfrgmivnrsm

3. Qnrsmfpjfd pndibidl udtuj onbfjujfd cfdtufd dfpfs kmjf pfsmnd ondlfbfom

crfgmpdnu/fpdnu sntnbfe gmbfjujfd tmdgfjfd sngfsm

0. Qnrsmfpfd rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl pfru kmjf gmpnrbujfd

@. Qnrsmfpfd fbft jfrgmivnrsm gfd pndudkfdl

Pmfpjfd fbft jfrgmivnrsm. Qfsfdl bnfg NJL. Pmfpjfd cfllmdl

cfllmdl..

G. Wmdgfjfd Jfrgmivnrsm

6. Cmbf onoudljmdjfd cnrmjfd sngfsm (omsfbdyf omgfzibfo) pfgf pfsmnd jfrndf

gfpft ondyncfcjfd dynrm gfd rfsf tmgfj dyfofd cflm pfsmnd.

7>

3. Dyfbfjfd fbft jfrgmivnrsm. Ludfjfd gisms ndnrlm snsufm gndlfd jnbfmdfd

mrfof. Dyfbfjfd oign smdjridmsfsm.

 • ^dtuj mrfof tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs snopmt gfd tnrftur (omsfbdyf

PXW/Ftrmfb hbuttnr) oubfm gndlfd gisms >1-611 K.

• ^dtuj mrfof tfjmjfrgm jiopbnjs snopmt gfd tmgfj tnrftur (omsfbdyf

ftrmfb hmcrmbfsm) oubfm gndlfd gisms 631-311 K udtuj cmhfsmj gfd 311 K

udtuj fbft oidihfsmj.

• ^dtuj mrfof tfjmjfrgm jiopbnjs bncfr gfd tnrftur (XW) oubfm gndlfd

gisms 611 K.

0. Pmfpjfd lnb pfgf pfggbn

7. Qismsmjfd pfggbn pfgf gfgf pfsmnd gm cflmfd fdtnrmir jfdfd (cflmfd stnrduo)

gfd bmdnf fxmbbf jmrm (cflmfd fpnx kfdtudl). Bfjujfd `efrlmdl gndlfd ondnjfd

tiocib @EFSLN pfgf pfggbn yfdl gmpismsmjfd gm fpnx.

>. Jntmjf fbft jfrgmivnrsm sugfe gm `efrln emdllf pndue, cnrm fcf-fcf jnpfgf

tmo supfyf tmgfj ondyndtue pfsmnd.

8. Pntnbfe onofstmjfd snburue tmo tmgfj ondyndtue pfsmnd, tnjfd jnguf

tiocib gm pfggbn udtuj onbnpfs ndnrlm sei`j. Cnrmjfd tnjfdfd 63.> jl jntmjf

fjfd onbfjujfd jfrgmivnrsm

<. Pntnbfe snbnsfm onbfjujfd jfrgmivnrsm, nvfbufsm oidmtir NJL. Pntmfp snbnsfm

jfrgmivnrsm, fpfcmbf oidmtir NJL ondudkujjfd fgfdyf irlfdmzng reyteo

ofjf efrus onofstmjfd fgf tmgfjdyf dfgm tnrbncme gfeubu tnrutfof udtuj

jiopbnjs VSP bncfr (XW) yfdl tmgfj tnrjidvnrsm gndlfd onbfjujfd

jfrgmivnrsm (jfrndf gfpft cnrucfe ondkfgm XW tfdpf dfgm). Kmjf frmtomf

cnbuo tnrftfsm, dfmjjfd gisms jfrgmivnrsm >1 K gfrm gisms fwfb.

QF@^ KFDW^DL WSFDPJ^WFD

Qf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd tnrofsuj sfbfe sftu kndms pf`u kfdtudl tnopirnr, gfd gfpft

gmpfsfdl snondtfrf sn`frf `npft gfd fofd emdllf gmgfpft pnrcfmjfd jbmdms ftfu ontign

pf`u kfdtudl yfdl bncme gnhmdmtmh gmbfjujfd. Fbft pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd fgfbfe fbft

gnhmcrmbbftir ofdufb yfdl onombmjm hudlsm pf`u kfdtudl.

78

F. Qnrsmfpfd pfsmnd
 6. Mdhirong `idsndt tmdgfjfd yfdl fjfd gmbfjujfd. Knbfsjfd tndtfdl gmfldisms

frmtomf jnpfgf pfsmnd/jnbufrlf, cfefyf frmtomf tnrsncut, rnd`fdf tmdgfjfd

pf`u kfdtudl yfdl fjfd gmbfjujfd

3. Cujf pfjfmfd pfsmnd cflmfd gfgf, Fdkurfd pnofsfdlfd pfg fgfbfe pfgf

pismsm fdtnrmir-pistnrmir gndlfd nbnjtrigf pismtmh gmbntfjjfd gm pistnrmir gm

pudlludl fdtfrf sjfpubf gfd tubfdl vnrtncrf gfd nbnjtrigf dnlftmh

gmbntfjjfd gm fdtnrmir gm fdtfrf pri`nssus xypeimgnus gfd frnibf ofoofn

jmrm (pismsm X3-X0). Qfgf pnrnopufd, pfyugfrf efrus gmfdljft gubu gfd

nbnjtrigf gmbntfjfd gm cfwfedyf. Kfdlfd sfopfm nbnjtrigf tnrbmpft (kfdlfd

gmbntfjjfd pfgf bmpftfd pfyugfrf). Qismsmjfd nbnjtrigf pistnrmir tnrbncme

gfeubu udtuj ond`nlfe tnrbmpft/tnrbnpfs/cnrjnrutdyf nbnjtrigf fdtnrmir

sfft pfsmnd gmomrmdljfd. Fbtnrdftmh pismsm pfg yfdl bfmd fgfbfe pismsm fpnjs-

stnrduo (snpnrtm sfft gnhmcrmbfsm), gndlfd nbnjtrigf dnlftmh gmbntfjjfd pfgf

fpnjs kfdtudl gfd nbnjtrigf dnlftmh pfgf gfgf jfdfd cflmfd ftfs. (bmeft

lfocfr)
0. Cmbf onoudljmdjfd cnrmjfd sngfsm (omsfbdyf omgfzibfo) pfgf pfsmnd jfrndf

pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd gfpft ondyncfcjfd dynrm gfd rfsf tmgfj dyfofd

pfgf pfsmnd

C. Qnrsmfpfd pndibidl

Qfdllmb tmo udtuj pnrsmfpfd rnsusmtfsm kmjf gmpnrbujfd

@. Qnrsmfpfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir gfd pndudkfdl

Pmfpjfd fbft pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd. Qfsfdl bnfg NJL. Pmfpjfd sngfsm

G. Wmdgfjfd pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd

6. Dyfbfjfd fbft gnhmcrmbftir, lfdtm oign pfgf oign pf`u kfdtudl ( pf`mdl
pf`mdl).
).

Bnpfsjfd sfocudlfd pfggbns gnhmcrmbftir gfd lfdtm gndlfd pfg nbnjtrigf

pf`u kfdtudl. Fdkurfd pnofsfdlfd pfg fgfbfe pfgf pismsm fdtnrmir-

pistnrmir gndlfd nbnjtrigf pismtmh gmbntfjjfd gm pistnrmir gm pudlludl fdtfrf

sjfpubf gfd tubfdl vnrtncrf gfd nbnjtrigf dnlftmh gmbntfjjfd gm fdtnrmir gm

7<

fdtfrf pri`nssus xypeimgnus gfd frnibf ofoofn jmrm (pismsm X3 X0)

 fdtfrf pri`nssus xypeimgnus gfd frnibf ofoofn jmrm (pismsm X3-X0).

Fbtnrdftmh pismsm pfg yfdl bfmd fgfbfe pismsm fpnjs-stnrduo (snpnrtm sfft

gnhmcrmbfsm), gndlfd nbnjtrigf dnlftmh gmbntfjjfd pfgf fpnjs kfdtudl gfd

nbnjtrigf dnlftmh pfgf gfgf jfdfd cflmfd ftfs. (bmeft lfocfr >.6)

3. Qmbme oign pf`u gnofdg / hmxng (fsyd`eridius)

(fsyd`eridius)

0. Qmbme jn`npftfd bfku pf`u yfdl gmmdlmdjfd cmfsfdyf 81-<1x/ondmt

7. Ftur iutput pf`u. Cmbf enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb pf`u gfpft gmoubfm gfrm

iutput ofjsmofb jnougmfd gmturudjfd cnrtfefp gfd gmpnrtfefdjfd >-61 oF

gm ftfs cftfs focfdl pf`u.

>. Qnreftmjfd `frgmf` `fpturn,

`fpturn, gmtfdgfm gndlfd tmocubdyf sftu jiopbnjs VSP

sntnbfe sntmfp stmoubus pf`u. Pnbfbu jidhmrofsm `frgmf` `fpturn gndlfd

pnrfcffd dfgm

Lfocfr >.6. Qismsm pnofsfdlfd pfg nbnjtrigf pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd. Ftfs;

Qismsm fdtnrmir-pistnrmir. Cfwfe; pismsm fpnjs-stnrduo.

75
SNHNSNDPM
6. Dnuofr, S. \., Itti, @. \., Bmdj, O. P., Jridm`j, P. B., Peustnr, O., @fbbfwfy, @.

\., ... & Qfssofd, S. P. (3161). Qfrt 5; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn

suppirt; 3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry

rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr

`frn. @mr`ubftmid
@mr`ubftmid,, 633
633(65YsuppbY0),
(65YsuppbY0), P<3=-P<8<.

3. Bmdj, O. P., Cnrjiw, B. @., Jugnd`euj, Q. K., Efbpnrmd, E. S., Enss, N. Q., Oimtrf,

X. J., ... & \emtn, S. G. (316>). Qfrt <; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn

suppirt; 316> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns upgftn hir

`frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn.

@mr`ubftmid, 603(65YsuppbY3), P777-P787.

0. Pifr, K., Dibfd, K. Q., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Qnrjmds, L. G., Bitt, @., @frbm, Q., ... & Pudgn,

J. (316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316>;

sn`tmid 0. Fgubt fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 611-67<.

7. Kf`ics, M., Pudgn, J., Gnfjmd, @. G., Efzmdsjm, O. H., Jnrcnr, S. N., Jistnr, S. \.,

... & Fdlnbis, O. (3161). Qfrt 8; gnhmcrmbbftmid; 3161 mdtnrdftmidfb `idsndsus id

`frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn s`mnd`n

wmte trnftondt rn`ioondgftmids. @mr`ubftmid

@mr`ubftmid,, 633
633(68YsuppbY3),
(68YsuppbY3), P03>-P00<.

>. Snmsmdlnr, K., Lstrnmd, @., \mdtnr, W., [nmdgbeihnr, N., Eøbbmdlnr, J., Oirm, O., ...

& Pmistrzidnj, Q. (3161). Iptmomzftmid ih mdmtmfb ndnrly hir `frgmivnrsmid ih

ftrmfb tf`eyfrreyteomfs wmte cmpefsm` sei`js. Wen Fonrm`fd kiurdfb ih

nonrlnd`y ongm`mdn,
ongm`mdn, 35
35(3),
(3), 6>=-68>.

8. N`` @ioomttnn. (311>). 311> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir

`frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr

`frn. @mr`ubftmid
@mr`ubftmid,, 663
663(37
(37 Puppb), MX6.

<. Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid md `ibbfcirftmid wmte ten Mdtnrdftmidfb Bmfmsid

@ioomttnn id Snsus`mtftmid. (3111). Lumgnbmdns 3111 hir `frgmipuboidfry

rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn; fd mdtnrdftmidfb `idsndsus

id s`mnd`n. @mr`ubftmid
@mr`ubftmid,, 613
613..

5. Lbivnr, C. O., \fbse, P. K., O`@fdd, @. K., Oiirn, O. K., Ofdiefrfd, L., Gfbznbb,

L. \., ... & Oftenw, W. Q. (3115). Cmpefsm` ndnrly snbn`tmid hir trfdsteirf`m`

`frgmivnrsmid ih ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid. Wen CNPW FH Wrmfb. Enfrt, =7

=7(<),
(<), 557-55<.

7=
=. Ofdnlibg, K. @., Msrfnb, @. \., Nerbm`e, K. S., Gurfy, L., Qfkmtdnv, G., \nlndnr, H.

W., & Eiedbisnr, P. E. (311<). Nxtnrdfb `frgmivnrsmid ih ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid md

pftmndts wmte mopbfdtng pf`nofjnr ir `frgmivnrtnr-gnhmcrmbbftir systnos; f

rfdgiomzng `iopfrmsid ih oidipefsm` fdg cmpefsm` sei`j ndnrly

fppbm`ftmid. Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 35

35(67),
(67), 6<06-6<05.

61. Pfgi, G. O., Gnfjmd, @. G., Qntbny, L. \., & @bnwbiw, H. (3117). @iopfrmsid ih
ten nhhn`ts ih rnoivfb ih `enst efmr wmte dit gimdl si cnhirn nxtnrdfb

gnhmcrmbbftmid id trfdsteirf`m` mopngfd`n. Wen Fonrm`fd kiurdfb ih

`frgmibily, =0
=0(6),
(6), =5-611.

66. Gigg, W. N., Gnfjmd, @. G., Qntbny, L. \., & @bnwbiw, H. (3117). Nxtnrdfb

gnhmcrmbbftmid md ten bnht bftnrfb pismtmid‗

pismtmid ‗f `iopfrmsid ih ofdufb pfggbns wmte

snbh-fgensmvn pfgs. Snsus`mtftmid

Snsus`mtftmid,, 80
80(0),
(0), 350-358.

63. Wmccfbbs, K., @frtnr, C., Jmrfby, D. K., Sfll, Q., & @bmhhirg, O. (3166). Nxtnrdfb fdg

mdtnrdfb cmpefsm` gmrn`t `urrndt sei`j gisns hir pngmftrm` vndtrm`ubfr hmcrmbbftmid

fdg pubsnbnss vndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf. Qngmftrm` @rmtm`fb @frn Ongm`mdn,

Ongm`mdn , 63
63(6),
(6),

67-31.

60. Ptmnbb, M. L., \fbjnr, S. L., @efpofd, H. \., Bfdj, Q., Dnscmtt, B. Q., @iusmdnfu,

G., ... & \nbbs, L. F. (311<). Snspidsn ti Bnttnr Snlfrgmdl Frtm`bn,‒CMQEFPM@

Wrmfb; F Sfdgiomzng @iopfrmsid ih Hmxng Biwnr Xnrsus Ns`fbftmdl Emlenr

Ndnrly Bnvnbs hir Gnhmcrmbbftmid md Iut-ih-Eispmtfb @frgmf`

Frrnst‟. @mr`ubftmid
@mr`ubftmid,, 668
668(6=),
(6=), n>30-n>30.

67. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S.,

Emrs`e, J. L., ... & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn

Puppirt; 3131 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry

Snsus`mtftmid fdg Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid,

673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

>1
 CFC MX

QNSF\FWFD QFP@F ENDWM KFDW^DL

F. Qndgfeubufd

Qnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl onrupfjfd jiopidnd pndtmdl gfbfo tftf bfjsfdf
cfdtufd emgup kfdtudl bfdkut. Qfsmnd endtm kfdtudl yfdl jnocfbm onombmjm smrjubfsm

spidtfd tntfp onombmjm rmsmji jnoftmfd yfdl tmdllm tnrutfof gfbfo 37 kfo pnrtfof,

jfrndf tmgfj tnrtutup jnoudljmdfd sugfe ftfu fjfd tnrkfgm gmshudlsm jfrgmivfsjubfr gfd

dnuribilms. Qnrfwftfd yfdl jioprnendsmh gfd tnrstrujtur snrtf oubtmgmsmpbmdnr efrus

gmmopbnondtfsmjfd pfgf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl. Qfgf oigub mdm, fjfd gmcfefs

ondlndfm tmdgfjfd-tmdgfjfd yfdl gmpnrbujfd udtuj pnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl, oubfm

gfrm onbfjujfd nvfbufsm yfdl gmpnrbujfd pfgf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl emdllf

onbfjujfd tmdgfjfd yfdl gmpnrbujfd udtuj ondlftfsm jnbfmdfd yfdl tnrkfgm.

Wukufd uouo gfrm pnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl fgfbfe;

• smstno
Ondliptmofbjfd hudlsm smstno kfdtudl gfd pfru gndlfd pnrhusm gfrfe jn irlfd

vmtfb

• Qfgf jfsus endtm kfdtudl gm bufr ruofe sfjmt, rukuj pfsmnd jn ruofe sfjmt yfdl

snsufm gndlfd pndfdlfdfd smstno pnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl yfdl

jioprnendsmh, onbmputm mdtnrvndsm jiridnr fjut, pnrfwftfd dnuribilmj,

pndfdlfdfd jidgmsm jrmtms sn`frf jioprnendsmh, snrtf tnrfpm empitnromf.

• Ofopu onomdgfejfd pfsmnd jn rufdlfd pnrfwftfd mdtndsmh yfdl gfpft

onocnrmjfd pndfdlfdfd pnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl sn`frf jioprnendsmh.

• Onbfjujfd mgndtmhmjfsm snrtf onocnrmjfd tnrfpm tnrefgfp hfjtir pnd`ntus endtm

kfdtudl gfd ond`nlfe tnrkfgmdyf endtm

endtm kfdtudl cnrubfdl.

Wukufd jeusus pnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl;

• Ondlndgfbmjfd sueu tucue udtuj ondliptmofbjfd pnoubmefd dnuribilmj snrtf

jnemgupfd

• Onbfjujfd mgndtmhmjfsm snrtf onbfjujfd tftf bfjsfdf smdgrio jiridnr fjut.

• Onocnrmjfd vndtmbfsm onjfdmj yfdl iptmofb gnom onomdmofbjfd trfuof pfgf

>6
 pfru.

• Ondlurfdlm rmsmji jnrusfjfd oubtm irlfd gfd ondudkfdl hudlsm irlfd tnrsncut

kmjf gmpnrbujfd

• Onbfjujfd pndmbfmfd prildisms sn`frf icknjtmh sfft pnoubmefd

Onbfjujfd

• Onocnrmjfd pnbfyfdfd rnefcmbmtfsm udtuj pfsmnd yfdl snbfoft gfrm endtm kfdtudl

cmbf gmpnrbujfd

C. ^SFMFD OFWNSM

Wmdgfj Bfdkut Qfs`f Endtm Kfdtudl

Snsusmtfsm tnrefgfp pfsmnd tntfp cnrbfdlsudl snbfof hfsn pfs`f endtm kfdtudl.

Wmdgfjfd-tmdgfjfd cnrmjut gfpft gmbfjujfd sn`frf cnrsfoffd, dfoud kmjf gmpnrbujfd

pndndtufd prmirmtfs ofjf bfdljfe-bfdljfe yfdl efrus gmbfjujfd fgfbfe sncflfm cnrmjut;

Hfsn stfcmbmsfsm fwfb tnrgmrm gfrm ofdfknond kfbfd dfpfs, pndlnbibffd pfrfontnr

dfpfs jnougmfd pndlnbibffd pfrfontnr enoigmdfomjf.

6. Ofdfknond kfbfd dfpfs (fmrwfy

(fmrwfy)
Qfgf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl, pfstmjfd kfbfd dfpfs fofd. Cmbf cnbuo gmpfsfdl

mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnfb, bfjujfd kmjf onofdl gmmdgmjfsmjfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd jiof.

Qfgf pfsmnd yfdl sugfe tnrmdtucfsm, `frm fpfjfe tnrgfpft tfdgf-tfdgf suocftfd

fmrwfy (sufrf lurlbmdl). Bfjujfd su`tmid cmbf pnrbu. Qnofsfdlfd jfpdilrfhm gfpft

gmbfjujfd udtuj ondlidhmrofsm gfd onofdtfu pndnopftfd pmpf ndgitrfjnfb.

3. Qndlnbibffd pfrfontnr dfpfs (crnftemdl

( crnftemdl))

Empijsmf-empnrijsmf gfd empijsnomf efrus gmftfsm. ^dtuj ondlemdgfrm empijsmf

pfgf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl, ludfjfd jidsndtrfsm ijsmlnd yfdl pfbmdl tmdllm yfdl
cmsf gm`fpfm sfopfm sfturfsm gfrfe ftfu tnjfdfd ijsmlnd gfrfe gfpft gmujur. Kmjf

vndtmbftir onjfdmj sugfe tnrsngmf gfd tmtrfsm HmI 3 sfopfm cftfs yfdl gmpnrbujfd udtuj

ond`fpfm tfrlnt sfturfsm ijsmenoilbicmd (PpI 3) =3-=5%. Hrfjsm ijsmlnd yfdl tnrbfbu

tmdllm kustru gfpft ondlfjmcftjfd nhnj tijsmsmtfs

tijsmsmtfs yfdl cnrcfefyf cflm pfsmnd. Cnrmjfd

vibuon tmgfb 8-5 ob/jlCC. Qnrtfefdjfd bfku dfpfs oubfm gfrm 61/ondmt, tmtrfsm vndtmbfsm

pnr ondmt udtuj ond`fpfm tfrlnt Qf@I3 0>-7> ooEl. Empnrvndtmbfsm pnrbu gmemdgfrm

jfrndf gfpft ondyncfcjfd pndurudfd `urfe kfdtudl (fjmcft pndmdljftfd tnjfdfd

mdtrftirfjfb) gfd cnrpitndsm ondyncfcjfd msjnomf jn itfj (fjmcft pndurudfd jfgfr

>3
Qf@I3). Bfjujfd pnonrmjsffd ridtlnd teirfx udtuj onofstmjfd pismsm pmpf

Ndgitrfjnfb snrtf ondlmgndtmhmjfsm pndyncfc ftfu jiopbmjfsm gfrm endtm kfdtudl

snpnrtm fgfdyf ngnof pfru, pdnuoiteirfx, pdnuoidmf ftfu pdnuoidmtms.

0. Qndlnbibffd pfrfontnr enoigmdfomj (smrjubfsm) gfd jfrgmivfsjubfr

Qnrbu gmbfjujfd oidmtirmdl mrfof kfdtudl gfd tnjfdfd gfrfe sn`frf jidtmdyu.

Jn`ujupfd tnjfdfd gfrfe sfdlft gmpnrbujfd udtuj pnrhusm kfrmdlfd. Empitndsm pfs`f

rnsusmtfsm onopnrcuruj jnbufrfd gfd ondmdljftjfd oirtfbmtfs. Cujtm mbomfe

onrnjiondgfsmjfd udtuj ondkflf tnjfdfd gfrfe pfs`f rnsusmtfsm pfgf bnvnb tnjfdfd

gfrfe smstibmj gmftfs =1 ooEl gfd tnjfdfd frtnrm rftf-rftf (onfd

( onfd frtnrmfb

prnssurn/OFQ)
prnssurn/OFQ) gmftfs 8> ooEl. Empitndsm cmfsfdyf gmsncfcjfd ibne 0 ofsfbfe, yfmtu

ofsfbfe rftn (gfd ftfu mrfof), vibuon, gfd piopf. Cmbf tnrgfpft ofsfbfe rftn (cfmj

crfgmjfrgmf njstrmo 2>1x/ondmt ftfupud tfjmfrmtomf njstrmo 46>1x/ondmt gndlfd

mrfof yfdl cujfd smdus), ftfsm tfjmjfrgmf gfd crfgmjfrgmf mdm snsufm gndlfd fblirmton

tfjmjfrgmf ftfu crfgmjfrgmf.

Wnrfpm utfof bfmd yfdl gmpnrbujfd pfgf pfs`f rnsusmtfsm fgfbfe onofstmjfd

jn`ujupfd `fmrfd mdtrfvfsjubfr. Qndurudfd tidus pnocubue gfrfe gfpft gmsncfcjfd

ibne pndurudfd tidus smopftms ofupud fjmcft gfrm fsmgisms ontfcibmj. ^sfef jirnjtmh

pnrtfof pfgf sncflmfd cnsfr jfsus fgfbfe gndlfd ondmdljftjfd vibuon

mdtrfvfsjubfr (jn`ufbm cmbf empitndsm gmsncfcjfd ibne gnjiopndsfsm kfdtudl jmrm).

Pncflfm gisms ukm `fmrfd gfpft gmcnrmjfd 3-7 ``/jlCC gfbfo 61 ondmt bfrutfd Df@b

1.=% ftfu rmdlnr bfjtft sn`frf mdtrfvndf ftfu mdtrfissnus sfopfm cftfs yfdl cmsf

gmtibnrfdsm pfsmnd.

Icft-icft vfsifjtmh gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl udtuj

onopnrcfmjm `urfe kfdtudl, tnrutfof fbmrfd gfrfe jn kfdtudl gfd itfj. Qrisns

msjnomf/rnpnrhusm pfs`f endtm kfdtudl gfd gnhmcrmbfsm nbnjtrmj gfpft ondyncfcjfd

gmshudlsm/studdmdl
gmshudlsm/studdmdl gfrm omijfrg yfdl cmsf cnrbfdlsudl snbfof cncnrfpf kfo.

Qnonrmjsffd njijfrgmilrfhm cnrofdhfft udtuj ondgntnjsm efb tnrsncut. Cnrcflfm icft

gfpft gmpmbme gndlfd tukufd onopnrcfmjm bfku kfdtudl (nhnj jriditripmj),

jidtrfjtmbmtfs omijfrgmuo (nhnj mditripmj),

m ditripmj), ondmdljftjfd tnjfdfd frtnrm (nhnj

vfsijidstrmjsm) ftfu ondlurfdlm fhtnrbifg (nhnj vfsigmbftir). Eftm-eftm gfbfo

pndlludffd icft-icftfd mditripmj ftfu vfsiprnsir gfpft ondmdljftjfd

>0
jnoudljmdfd frmtomf gfd onopnrcuruj msjnomf omijfrgmuo sncflfm fjmcft

jntmgfjsnmocfdlfd fdtfrf jncutuefd gfd supbfm ijsmlnd omijfrgmuo.

Qndyncfc tnrcfdyfj jfsus endtm kfdtudl fgfbfe pndyfjmt kfdtudl gfd

msjnomf/mdhfrj omijfrg. NJL 63 sfgfpfd efrus gmbfjujfd snlnrf pfs`f endtm kfdtudl

udtuj ondndtujfd fgfdyf nbnvfsm snlond PW fjut (jfsus MOF NPW) ftfu tmgfj.

Pmdgriof jiridnr fjut fgfbfe pndyncfc uouo endtm kfdtudl gm bufr ruofe sfjmt pfgf

pfsmnd yfdl tmgfj onombmjm pndyncfc njstrfjfrgmfj

njstrfjfrgmfj yfdl knbfs. Wmdgfjfd mdtnrvndsm

kfdtudl gfd fdlmilrfhm

fdlmilrf hm jiridnr pnrbu gmpnrtmocfdljfd cmbf gmgfpftm jn`urmlffd endtm

kfdtudl yfdl gmsncfcjfd ibne ofsfbfe kfdtudl gfd tnrgfpft nbnvfsm snlond PW pfgf

NJL, pfsmnd gndlfd mdstfcmbmtfs enoigmdfomj (syij jfrgmilndmj) ftfu pfsmnd yfdl

onocutuejfd cfdtufd smrjubfsm onjfdmj. Qndgnjftfd mdvfs

mdvfsmh
mh gmdm gmrnjiondgfsmjfd

pfgf pfsmnd smdgriof jiridnr fjut cfmj gndlfd ftfupud tfdpf nbnvfsm snlond PW

yfdl snbfoft gfrm endtm kfdtudl.

Ofdfknond cnrjnbfdkutfd tnrgmrm gfrm nvfbufsm pndyncfc rnvnrsmcnb gfrm endtm

kfdtudl, nvfbufsm
nvfbufsm hudlsm dnuribilms pfsmnd, snrtf o
ofdfknond
fdfknond p
pnrfwftfd
nrfwftfd jrmtms bfdkutfd.

7. Nvfbufsm hudlsm dnuribilms

Bfjujfd pnonrmjsffd yfdl gmpnrbujfd udtuj ondlnvfbufsm hudlsm dnuribilms. Qfgf

pfsmnd yfdl jiof ftfu tmgfj gfpft ondlmjutm pnrmdtfe pnrbu gmbfjujfd Wfrlntng

Wnopnrfturn Ofdflnondt (WWO) snsnlnrf oudljmd. Qfsmnd gmcuft empitnrom (sueu

03-08i@) snbfof 37 kfo ondlludfjfd pnrfdljft pndgmdlmd. Jidsubtfsmjfd gndlfd

gijtnr spnsmfbms sfrfh. Qfdtfu sueu mdtm (nsihflnfb, jnome) sn`frf jidtmdyu.

• Qnrtfefdjfd sfturfsm I3 dirofb, diroi`fpdnf gfd jfgfr lbujisf gfrfe dirofb

• Qnonrmjsffd nbnjtrindsnhfbilrfo (NNL) sn`frf jidtmdyu ftfu cnrjfbf oudljmd

gmpnrbujfd pfgf pfsmnd yfdl jiof

>. Nvfbufsm hudlsm ontfcibmj gfd tfdlfdm ntmibilm endtm kfdtudl yfdl gfpft gmpubmejfd

gndlfd `npft. Bmcftjfd jidsubtfsm febm udtuj ofdfknond cnrjnbfdkutfd. Qnocnrmfd

sngfsm snrmdljfbm gmpnrbujfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd vndtmbfsm onjfdmj.

Bfjujfd pnonrmjsffd pndudkfdl bfmd yfdl gmpnrbujfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl

• Qnonrmjsffd ridtlnd teirfx kfdtudl

>7
 Sidtlnd teirfx gmpnrbujfd udtuj onofstmjfd fmrwfy (NWW) fofd gfd

ondgntnjsm pndyncfc ftfu jiopbmjfsm gfrm endtm kfdtudl, omsfbdyf ngnof

pfru, pdnuoidmf, tndsmid pdnuoiteirfx

• Qnonrmjsffd fdfbmsf lfs gfrfe

Gntnjsm empijsmf gfd jnbfmdfd lfs gfrfe (eygrilnd mid/fsmgisms) sncflfm

pndyncfc endtm kfdtudl. Jirnjsm fsmgisms ontfcibmj gndlfd onopnrcfmjm

enoigmdfomj snrtf pnrhusm kfrmdlfd, cmbf fsmgisms ontfcibmj cnrft gfpft

gmpnrtmocfdljfd pnocnrmfd mdhus sigmuo cmjfrcidft.

• Qnonrmjsffd nbnjtribmt

@frm gfd ftfsm lfdllufd nbnjtribmt (empijfbnomf/empnrjfbnomf) sncflfm hfjtir

rmsmji frmtomf. Wfrlnt J 0.>->.1 oNq/B

>>
Lfocfr 7.6 Fblirmtof pnrfwftfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl gnwfsf >8
SNHNSNDPM
6. Qncnrgy, O. F., @fbbfwfy, @. \., Dnuofr, S. \., Lni`fgmd, S. L., [moonrofd, K.

B., Giddmdi, O., ... & Xfdgnd Einj, W. B. (3161). Qfrt =; pist ‐`frgmf`
‐`frgmf` frrnst `frn;

3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid

fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 633(65YsuppbY0), P<85-P<58.

3. @fbbfwfy, @. \., Giddmdi, O. \., Hmdj, N. B., Lni`fgmd, S. L., Libfd, N., Jnrd, J. C.,

... & [moonrofd, K. B. (316>). Qfrt 5; pist‐`frgmf`

‐`frgmf` frrnst `frn; 316> Fonrm`fd

Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns upgftn hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg

nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. `mr`ubftmid, 603(65YsuppbY3), P78>-P753.

0. Dibfd, K. Q., Pifr, K., @frmiu, F., @ridcnrl, W., Oiubfnrt, X. S., Gnfjmd, @. G., ... &

Pfdgridm, @. (316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb fdg Nuripnfd si`mnty ih

mdtndsmvn `frn ongm`mdn 316> lumgnbmdns hir pist-rnsus`mtftmid `frn. Mdtndsmvn

`frn ongm`mdn, 76(63), 310=-31>8.

7. Dibfd, K. Q., Pifr, K., [mgnofd, G. F., Cmfrndt, G., Cissfnrt, B. B., Gnfjmd, @., ... &
Cøttmlnr, C. (3161). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid

3161 sn`tmid 6. Nxn`utmvn suoofry. Snsus`mtftmid, 56(61), 636=-63<8.

>. Dnuofr, S. \., Itti, @. \., Bmdj, O. P., Jridm`j, P. B., Peustnr, O., @fbbfwfy, @. \.,

... & Qfssofd, S. P. (3161). Qfrt 5; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt;

3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid

fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 633(65YsuppbY0), P<3=-P<8<.

8. Bmdj, O. P., Cnrjiw, B. @., Jugnd`euj, Q. K., Efbpnrmd, E. S., Enss, N. Q., Oimtrf, X.

J., ... & \emtn, S. G. (316>). Qfrt <; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt;

316> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns upgftn hir `frgmipuboidfry

rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 603(65YsuppbY3),

P777-P787.

<. Pifr, K., Dibfd, K. Q., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Qnrjmds, L. G., Bitt, @., @frbm, Q., ... & Pudgn, J.

(316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316>; sn`tmid

0. Fgubt fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 611-67<.

5. Oirrmsid, B. K., Gnfjmd, @. G., Oirbny, Q. W., @fbbfwfy, @. \., Jnrcnr, S. N., Jridm`j,

P. B., ... & Qfrr, O. (3161). Qfrt 5; fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt; 3161 mdtnrdftmidfb

`idsndsus id `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn

><
 s`mnd`n wmte trnftondt rn`ioondgftmids. @mr`ubftmid, 633(68YsuppbY3), P07>-

P736.

=. Dmnbsnd, D., \nttnrsbnv, K., @ridcnrl, W., Nrbmdln, G., Lfs`en, ]., Efssflnr, @., ... &

Qnbbms, W. (3160). Wfrlntng tnopnrfturn ofdflnondt ft 00 @ vnrsus 08 @ fhtnr

`frgmf` frrnst. Dnw Ndlbfdg Kiurdfb ih Ongm`mdn, 08=(30), 36=<-3318.

61. Smttndcnrlnr, K. @., & @fbbfwfy, @. \. (3160). Wnopnrfturn ofdflnondt fdg

oignrd pist-`frgmf` frrnst `frn. D Ndlb K Ong, 08=(30), 3383-3380.

66. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi,

G iddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S., Emrs`e,

J. L., ... & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn Puppirt; 3131

Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg

Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid, 673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗‗

>5
 CFC X

CSFGMJFSGMF

F. Qndgfeubufd

Crfgmjfrgmf gmgnhmdmsmjfd sncflfm gndyut kfdtudl yfdl jurfdl gfrm 81 jfbm/ondmt,

sngfdljfd crfgmjfrgmf yfdl ondyncfcjfd tmocubdyf jnbuefd jbmdms uouodyf jurfdl

gfrm >1 jfbm/ondmt. Gndyut kfdtudl rndgfe pfgf sncflmfd irfdl onrupfjfd cflmfd gfrm

jidgmsm hmsmibilms yfdl dirofb, fjfd tntfpm pfgf sncflmfd irfdl bfmddyf gndyut kfdtudl

bncme gfrm >1 jfbm/ondmt oudljmd tmgfj `ujup gfbfo ononduem jncutuefd ontfcibmj gfd

ondmocubjfd jnbuefd jbmdms.

Crfgmjfrgmf fjfd kfgm ofsfbfe cmbf smotioftmj ftfu sugfe ondmocubjfd lnkfbf gfd

tfdgf fjmcft gndyut kfdtudl yfdl tnrbfbu bfocft, uouodyf tfdgf gfd lnkfbf tmocub pfgf

gndyut kfdtudl 2>1 jfbm/ondmt. Qfgf oftnrm mdm, fjfd gmcfefs tftf bfjsfdf crfgmjfrgmf.

C. Wftfbfjsfdf Crfgmjfrgmf
Biw Gnlrnn FX Cbi`j

Qndlnrtmfd biw gnlrnn FX cbi`j

Biw gnlrnn FX cbi`j ond`fjup FX cbi`j gnrfkft 6 gfd FX cbi`j gnrfkft 3 tmpn M.

Lfocfr >.6. FX Cbij gnrfkft M

Lfocfr >.3. Cbij FX gnrfkft 3 tmpn M. Qnreftmjfd pnrpfdkfdlfd mdtnrvfb QS yfdl

prilrnsmh emdllf sftu lnbiocfdl Q (pfdfe) tmgfj gmmjutm ibne jiopbnjs VSP.

>=
 >=

Wftf bfjsfdf smdus crfgmjfrgmf gfd biw gnlrnn FX cbi`j

6) Enoigmdfomj stfcmb

Gfbfo ondlefgfpm pfsmnd gndlfd crfgmjfrgmf yfdl pndtmdl fgfbfe ondndtujfd

fpfjfe crfgmjfrgmf sugfe ondmocubjfd lnkfbf gfd tfdgf lfdllufd pnrhusm ftfu tmgfj.

Wfdgf-tfdgf lfdllufd enoigmdfomj gfd pnrhusm kfrmdlfd fgfbfe;

• Empitndsm

• Qndurudfd jnsfgfrfd

• Wfdgf syij

• Dynrm gfgf msjnomj

• Lflfb kfdtudl fjut

Kmjf tmgfj fgf lnkfbf gmftfs, pfsmnd gmjftfjfd stfcmb gfd efdyf ononrbujfd oidmtir

gfd icsnrvfsm.

3) Enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb

Kmjf fgf tfdgf tmgfj stfcmb (crfgmjfrgmf ondlfjmcftjfd lfdllufd enoigmdfomj),

ofjf bfjujfd bfdljfe-bfdljfe sncflfm cnrmjut;

• Pnlnrf pfstmjfd tmgfj fgf lfdllufd kfbfd dfhfs

• Cnrmjfd ijsmlnd

• Qfsfdl oidmtir NJL, tnjfdfd gfrfe gfd ijsmontrm

• Qfsfdl kfbur mdtrfvndf

Qfsmnd tnrsncut gfpft gmcnrmjfd tnrfpm fwfb cnrupf subhfs ftripmd. Ftripmd gfpft

ondmdljftjfd gndyut kfdtudl gfd onopnrcfmjm lnkfbf jbmdms jfrndf crfgmjfrgmf, efb

mdm gmgujudl ibne gftf pndnbmtmfd ukm jbmdms pfgf irfdl gnwfsf. Pubhft ftripmd ofopu

onopnrcfmjm pndurudfd gndyut kfdtudl yfdl gmongmfsm ibne lfdllufd smstno

jibmdnrlmj.

Gisms subhft ftripmd yfdl gmrnjiondgfsmjfd fgfbfe 6 ol MX, gfpft gmcnrmjfd tmfp 0-

> ondmt gndlfd gisms ofjsmouo 0 ol.

Emle Gnlrnn FX Cbi`j

Qndlnrtmfd emle gnlrnn FX cbi`j

Emle gnlrnn FX cbi`j ond`fjup FX cbi`j gnrfkft 3 tmpn 3 gfd FX cbi`j gnrfkft 0.
 81

Lfocfr >.0. Cbij FX gnrfkft 3 tmpn MM (efocftfd tmdllm) mdtnrvfb QS-VSP

rnlubfr emdllf tnrkfgm 3 gndyut yfdl ondlembfdl: lfrms cftfs jiopbnjs VSP

dirofb ondlmdgmjfsmjfd digus yfdl tmdllm ftfu efocftfd digus.

Lfocfr >.7. Cbij FX gnrfkft 0; lnbiocfdl Q rnlubfr pfgf jn`npftfd >1->>

jfbm pnr ondmt: gndyut pnbnpfsfd vndtrmjnb rnlubfr pfgf jn`npftfd 0>-71 jfbm

pnr ondmt: tmgfj fgf eucudlfd fdtfrf lnbiocfdl Q gfd jiopbnjs VSP

Wftf bfjsfdf emle gnlrnn FX cbi`j

6) Enoigmdfomj stfcmb

Gfbfo ondlefgfpm pfsmnd gndlfd crfgmjfrgmf yfdl pndtmdl fgfbfe ondndtujfd

fpfjfe crfgmjfrgmf sugfe ondmocubjfd lnkfbf gfd tfdgf lfdllufd pnrhusm ftfu tmgfj.

Wfdgf-tfdgf lfdllufd enoigmdfomj gfd pnrhusm kfrmdlfd fgfbfe;

• Empitndsm

• Qndurudfd jnsfgfrfd

• Wfdgf syij

• Dynrm gfgf msjnomj

• Lflfb kfdtudl fjut

Kmjf tmgfj fgf lnkfbf gmftfs, pfsmnd gmjftfjfd stfcmb gfd efdyf ononrbujfd oidmtir

gfd icsnrvfsm.

3) Enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb

• Pnlnrf pfsfdl pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd sfocmb ondudllu pnofsfdlfd pf`u

kfdtudl trfdsvndf.
 86

• Kmjf pf`u kfdtudl trfdsjutfd tmgfj tnrsngmf, cnrmjfd gipfomd >-31

βl/jlCC/ondmt ftfu npmdnhrmd 3-

3- 61 βl/ondmt. Qnrtmocfdljfd udtuj jidsub

febm gfd pnofsfdlfd pf`u kfdtudl trfdsvndf.

Lfocfr >.>. Fbur tftf bfjsfdf crfgmfrmtomf

 83

SNHNSNDPM

6. Dnuofr S\, Itti @\, Bmdj OP, nt fb. 3161

31 61 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns

hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn.

@mr`ubftmid. 3161:633;P<3=‐P<8<.
‐P<8<.
3. P`eibtnd O, Pzmbm-Wirij W, Jbiitwmkj Q, Kirgfnds B. @iopfrmsid ih oidipefsm` fdg

cmpefsm` sei`js hir trfdsteirf`m` `frgmivnrsmid ih ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid. Enfrt. 3110:

5=;6103‐6107.
‐6107.

0. \nd [@, @end PF, Wfm @W, @emfdl @N, @emiu @\, @efdl OP. Nbn`tripeysmibilm`fb

on`efdmsos fdg gntnromdfdts ih vflfb ofdnuvnrs hir tnromdftmid ih pfrixysofb

suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf. @mr`ubftmid. 6==5: =5;3<68‐3<30.

‐3<30.

7. Bmo PE, Fdfdtefrfofd X, Wni \P, @efd ]E. Pbiw mdhusmid ih `fb`muo `efddnb

cbi`jnrs `iopfrng wmte mdtrfvndius fgndismdn md ten nonrlnd`y trnftondt ih

suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf. Snsus`mtftmid. 311=: 51;>30 ‐>35.

‐>35.
>. Crfgy \K, Pwfrt L, GnCnedjn GK, Of IK, Fuhgnrenmgn WQ. Wen nhhm`f`y ih ftripmdn

md ten trnftondt ih enoigydfom`fbby udstfcbn crfgy`frgmf fdg ftrmivndtrm`ubfr

cbi`j; prneispmtfb fdg nonrlnd`y gnpfrtondt `idsmgnrftmids. Snsus`mtftmid.

6===: 76;7<‐>>.
‐>>.

8. Oirrmsid BK, Bidl K, Xnronubnd O, P`ewfrtz C, Pfwfgsjy C, Hrfdj K, nt fb. F

rfdgiomzng `idtribbng hnfsmcmbmty trmfb `iopfrmdl sfhnty fdg nhhn`tmvndnss ih

prneispmtfb pf`mdl vnrsus `idvndtmidfb trnftondt; ―QrnQF@N.”Snsus`mtftmid.

3115: <8;076‐07=.
‐07=.

<. Cnrdenmo F, Hftmi S, Jmiwsjm \, \nmbndofdd G, Sm`jbm E, Si``f EQ. Ftripmdn ihtnd
rnsubts md `iopbntn ftrmivndtrm`ubfr cbi`j ir smdus frrnst fhtnr `frgmf`

trfdspbfdtftmid; fd udprngm`tfcbn fdg gisn-mdgnpndgndt pendiondid.

Wrfdspbfdtftmid. 3117: <<;6656‐665>.

‐665>.

5. Bmdj, O. P., Cnrjiw, B. @., Jugnd`euj, Q. K., Efbpnrmd, E. S., Enss, N. Q., Oimtrf, X.

J., ... & \emtn, S. G. (316>). Qfrt <; fgubt fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt;

316> Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid lumgnbmdns upgftn hir `frgmipuboidfry

rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn. @mr`ubftmid, 603(65YsuppbY3),

P777-P787.
=. Futeirs/Wfsj Hir`n Onocnrs, Crmldibn, O., Furm``emi, F., Cfrid-Nsqumvmfs, L.,
Cirgf`efr, Q., Cirmfdm, L., ... & Nbbmitt, Q. O. (3160).
(316 0). 3160 NP@ Lumgnbmdns id `frgmf`

80

pf`mdl fdg `frgmf` rnsyd`eridmzftmid tenrfpy; ten Wfsj Hir`n id `frgmf` pf`mdl

fdg rnsyd`eridmzftmid tenrfpy ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih @frgmibily (NP@).

Gnvnbipng md `ibbfcirftmid wmte ten Nuripnfd Enfrt Seyteo Fssi`mftmid (NESF).

( NESF).

Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 07(3=), 3356-303=.

61. Pifr, K., Dibfd, K. Q., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Qnrjmds, L. G., Bitt, @., @frbm, Q., ... & Pudgn, J.

(316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316>; sn`tmid

0. Fgubt fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 611-67<.

66. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi,

G iddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S., Emrs`e,

J. L., ... & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn Puppirt; 3131

Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg

Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid, 673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗‗
 87

CFC XM

WFJMJFSGMF

F. Qndgfeubufd
Wfjmjfrgmf gmgnhmdmsmjfd sncflfm suftu jidgmsm gndyut kfdtudl 4611 jfbm/ondmt.

Gndyut kfdtudl yfdl `npft gndlfd mrfof yfdl dirofb (mrfof smdus) snrmdljfbm

onrupfjfd rnspid hmsmibilms tnrefgfp suftu jidgmsm strnss, omsfbdyf empijsmf, gnofo,

rfsf sfjmt, jidgmsm jnjurfdlfd vibuon mdtrfvfsjubfr gfd bfmd-bfmd.

bfmd -bfmd. Wntfpm gndyut kfdtudl

yfdl `npft gfpft gmsncfcjfd ibne lfdllufd mrfof kfdtudl (tfjmfrmtomf). Wfjmfrmtomf

yfdl njstrmo (46>1 jfbm/ondmt) gfpft ondmocubjfd lnkfbf jbmdms yfdl gmsncfcjfd ibne

onduruddyf `urfe kfdtudl gfd ondmdljftdyf jncutuefd ijsmlnd omijfrgmuo.

C. Jbfsmhmjfsm Wfjmjfrgmf
Wfjmfrmtomf gndlfd VSP Pnopmt

6. Qndlnrtmfd

Wfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs VSP snopmt (VSP 2 1.63 gntmj) (suprfvndtrm`ubfr

( suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf/
tf`ey`frgmf/ PXW)

gmurutjfd gfrm yfdl pfbmdl snrmdl;

• Pmdus tfjmjfrgmf

• Ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid

• Ftrmfb hbuttnr

• Sn-ndtry digus FX

• Wfjmjfrgmf gmongmfsm-kfbur fjsnsirms

• Wfjmjfrgmf ftrmuo (tnrofsuj cndtuj itioftmsfsm gfd rn-ndtry)

• Oubtmhi`fb ftrmfb tf`ey`frgmf (OFW)

• Kud`tmidfb tf`ey`frgmf (kfrfdl pfgf gnwfsf)

Pmdus Wfjmjfrgmf
 Pmdus tfjmjfrgmf cmfsfdyf tmocub fjmcft stmoubus hmsmibilms, snpnrtm gnofo, fdnomf,

ftfu empitndsm/syij. Pmdus tfjmjfrgmf gmgnhmdmsmjfd sncflfm gndyut kfdtudl 4 611

jfbm/ondmt. Cftfs ftfs gndyut kfdtudl pfgf smdus tfjmjfrgmf cnrlfdtudl pfgf usmf

(gmemtudl sncflfm 331 jfbm/ondmt gmjurfdlm usmf pfsmnd gfbfo tfeud) gfd gfpft cnrludf

8>

gfbfo ondmbfm fpfjfe jn`npftfd gndyut kfdtudl yfdl tnrkfgm cnrfgf pfgf jmsfrfd yfdl

snsufm gndlfd usmf pfsmnd. Qfgf smdus tfjmjfrgmf tmgfj gmpnrbujfd tnrfpm icft udtuj

ondlftfsm mrfof tnrsncut. Wnrfpm gmfrfejfd pfgf mgndtmhmjfsm gfd tftf bfjsfdf pndyncfc

yfdl ondgfsfrm. Cmbf hudlsm kfdtudl curuj ofjf `urfe kfdtudl tnrlfdtudl pfgf gndyut

kfdtudl yfdl `npft. Qfgf tfjmjfrgmf jiopndsfsm snpnrtm mdm msm snjud`up tnrcftfs snemdllf

‒ondirofbjfd‟ gndyut kfdtudl gfpft onopnrcuruj jnfgffd.

Lfocfr <.6. Pmdus Wfjmjfrgmf.

Puprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf (PXW)

Pncflmfd cnsfr PXW onrupfjfd tfjmjfrgmf rnlubfr yfdl gmsncfcjfd rn-ndtry, yfmtu

suftu smrjumt mrfof fcdirofb yfdl onoudljmdfd lnbiocfdl gnpibfrmsfsm cnrkfbfd

onbmdljfr pfgf kfrmdlfd kfdtudl. Mrfof gmfdllfp cnrfsfb gfrm suprfvndtrmjubfr (ftrmuo)

kmjf jiopbnjs VSP snopmt (2 1,63 gntmj) ftfu kmjf jiopbnjs VSP bncfr tfpm
tfpm tnbfe gmjntfeum

fgfdyf cudgbn crfd`e cbi`j ftfu fcnrfdsm sncnbuodyf. Pmrjumt rn-ndtry yfdl

ondlefsmbjfd PXW gfpft oud`ub pfgf omijfrgmuo ftrmuo (ondlefsmbjfd ftrmfb

hmcrmbbftmid,, ftrmfb hbuttnr gfd cncnrfpf cndtuj tfjmjfrgmf ftrmuo). Pmrjumt rn-ndtry, cfmj
hmcrmbbftmid

snburuedyf ofupud sncflmfd, kulf gfpft cnrfgf pfgf digus FX mtu sndgmrm. Efb mdm fjfd
ondlefsmbjfd FX digfb rnndtry tf`ey`frgmf (FXDSW) kmjf jnguf tudljfm smrjumt rn-ndtry

cnrfgf gfbfo kfrmdlfd digus FX ftfu FX rn-ndtry tf`ey`frgmf (FXSW) kmjf sfbfe sftu

tudljfm gfrm smrjumt rn-ndtry onbmcftjfd kfbur fjsnsirms gfd yfdl bfmd onbmcftjfd digus FX.

Puclrup frmtomf rn-ndtry mdm (FXDSW gfd FXSW) onombmjm `mrm fwmtfd gfd tnromdfsm yfdl

ondgfgfj snrtf gndyut yfdl rnlubfr yfdl onbncmem cftfs ftfs tmpmjfb
tm pmjfb gfrm smdus tfjmjfrgmf

pfgf sfft mstmrfeft (46>1 jfbm/ondmt) gfd, gfbfo jfsus FXDSW, lnbiocfdl Q pfgf NJL
snrmdljfbm tmgfj gfpft gmbmeft. Fjmcft smhft fwmtfd gfd tnromdfsm yfdl ondgfgfj gfrm

FXDSW gfd FXSW, jnguf mrfof mdm gmdfofjfd kulf pfrixysofb suprfvndtrm`ubfr

tf`ey`frgmf (QPXW).

88

Lfocfr <.3. Wfjmjfrgmf Puprfvndtrmjubfr

^dtuj onocngfjfd cndtuj PXW rn-ndtry yfdl cnrfsfb gfrm omijfrgmuo ftrmuo

(omsfbdyf ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid)

hmcrmbbftmid) gndlfd PXW yfdl cnrfsfb gfrm digus FX (QPXW) pndtmdl

gmbfjujfd jfrndf sntmfp cndtuj fjfd onombmjm rnspid yfdl cnrcngf tnrefgfp tnrfpm yfdl

gmtukujfd udtuj ondlefocft jidgujsm onbfbum digus FX. Qfgf frmtomf rn-ndtry yfdl

cnrfsfb gfrm omijfrgmuo ftrmuo, icft-icftfd yfdl onopnrbfocft jidgujsm onbfbum

digus FX fjfd onopnrbfocft bfku mrfof vndtrmjnb tntfpm tmgfj fjfd ondtnromdfsm

frmtomf. Cnrbfwfdfd gndlfd efb mdm, frmtomf rn-ndtry yfdl onbmcftjfd digus FX (QPXW)
gfpft gmtnromdfsm ibne icft-icftfd libidlfd gm ftfs.

Jnbiopij bfmd gfrm PXW fgfbfe tfjmjfrgmf itioftmsfsm. Frmtomf mdm cujfd gmfjmcftjfd

smrjumt rn-ndtry tntfpm gmfjmcftjfd ibne hijus itioftms yfdl tnrfdlsfdl. Wmgfj snpnrtm pibf

ondgfgfj pfgf rn-ndtry, jfrfjtnrmstmj fwmtfd gfd tnromdfsm tfjmfrmtomf mdm

m dm bncme cnrtfefp

gfd omrmp snpnrtm cflfmofdf digus smdus cnjnrkf gfbfo ondmdljftjfd gfd ondurudjfd

gndyut kfdtudl sn`frf cnrtfefp. Frmtomf itioftmsfsm mdm onbmputm tfjmjfrgmf ftrmuo

njtipmj, oubtmhi`fb ftrmfb tf`ey`frgmf (OFW), gfd kud`tmidfb tf`ey`frgmf.

tf`ey`frgmf. Frmtomf mdm submt

gmtfdlfdm, gfd tmgfj rnspidsmh tnrefgfp jfrgmivnrsm gfd cmfsfdyf gmjidtrib sn`frf fjut

ondlludfjfd icft yfdl onopnrbfocft jidgujsm onbfbum digus FX gfd jnougmfd fjfd
onopnrbfocft gndyut vndtrmjnb.

Ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid

Puftu tfjmjfrgmf yfdl tmgfj tnrftur, cfmj VSP snopmt ofupud bncfr (gndlfd ftfu tfdpf

jidgujsm fcnrfd), cmfsfdyf fgfbfe suftu ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd rnspid vndtrmjubfr yfdl

tmgfj tnrjidtrib Jnoudljmdfd gmfldisms yfdl bfmd fgfbfe outmhi`fb ftrmfb tf`ey`frgmf
tmgfj tnrjidtrib. Jnoudljmdfd gmfldisms yfdl bfmd fgfbfe outmhi`fb ftrmfb tf`ey`frgmf

(OFW) ftfu mrfof smdus (smdus tfjmjfrgmf) gndlfd gndyut prnoftur ftrmfb yfdl snrmdl.

Jntmjf fgf jnrflufd tndtfdl gmfldisms mrfof gfd pfsmnd gfbfo jidgmsm stfcmb ofjf

bfjujfd NJL 63 sfgfpfd gfd jidsubtfsm gndlfd febm.

8<

Lfocfr <.0 Hmcrmbfsm Ftrmuo

3. Wftf Bfjsfdf Wfjmfrmtomf gndlfd VSP Pnopmt

Nvfbufsm fwfb onbmputm nvfbufsm kfbfd dfpfs gfd pnrdfpfsfd. Empijsnomf onrupfjfd

pndyncfc uouo tfjmjfrgmf. Cnrm ijsmlnd gfd cfdtufd pnrdfpfsfd cmbf gmpnrbujfd. Qfsfdl

oidmtir mrfof kfdtudl, fwfsm tnjfdfd gfrfe gfd sfturfsm ijsmlnd snrtf pfsfdl fjsns

mdtrfvndf. Focmb NJL 63 bnfg cmbf onoudljmdjfd. Wfjmfrmtomf gmjftnlirmjfd stfcmb fpfcmbf

tmgfj gmtnoujfd lnkfbf jbmdms snrmus yfmtu empitndsm (tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj 2=1 ooEl),

pndurudfd jnsfgfrfd (fjut), tfdgf-tfdgf syij, dynrm gfgf msjnomj, gfd lflfb kfdtudl

fjut. Cmbf tnrgfpft sfbfe sftu gfrm jidgmsm tnrsncut, ofjf pfsmnd gmjftnlirmjfd onombmjm

tfjmjfrgmf yfdl tmgfj stfcmb.

3.6. Enoigmdfomj Ptfcmb

Wfjmjfrgmf Jiopbnjs VSP Pnopmt Wnrftur

Ofduvnr Xflfb

Qfgf tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs VSP snopmt tnrftur gfpft gm`icf ofduvnr vflfb. Ofduvnr

vflfb gfd fgndismd onrupfjfd pmbmefd tnrfpm fwfb udtuj tnromdfsm QPXW stfcmb. Ofduvnr

vflfb sfkf (ofduvnr Xfbsfvf ftfu pmkft smdus jfritms) gfpft ondlendtmjfd emdllf 3>%
QPXW. ^dtuj tfjmjfrgm VSP snopmt bfmddyf (omsfbdyf ftrmfb hbuttnr), ofduvnr vflfb gfd

fgndismd gfpft onopnrbfocft gndyut vndtrmjnb sn`frf trfdsmnd snemdllf cnrpitndsm

onocfdtu gmfldisms mrfof tntfpm cmfsfdyf tmgfj fjfd ondlendtmjfd tfjmfrmtomf yfdl

fgf. Ofduvnr vflfb yfdl `ujup nhnjtmh gfd snrmdl gmbfjujfd fgfbfe pmkft smdus jfritms.

@frf onbfjujfd pmkft smdus jfritms;

 pk

• Qfstmjfd tmgfj fgf jidtrfmdgmjfsm udtuj pmkft smdus jfritms

i Smwfyft mdhfrj omijfrg

i Smwfyft WMF ftfu strijn gfbfo 0 cubfd tnrfjemr

i
Smwfyft vndtrm`ubfr hmcrmbbftmid ftfu vndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf
i Fgfdyf crumt pfgf frtnrm jfritms

• Qfsfdl oidmtir NJL. Qismsm tnrbndtfdl gndlfd jnpfbf njstndsm gfd sngmjmt cnrpfbmdl

85

jn frfe jidtrfbftnrfb gfrm smsm yfdl fjfd gmpmkft.

• @frm tmtmj gm sfbfe sftu frtnrm jfritms jmrm ftfu jfdfd gm bnenr sntmdllm oudljmd.

•
Qmkft frtnrm jfritms gndlfd lnrfjfd smrjubfr snbfof >-61 gntmj sfocmb tnrus
onopnreftmjfd oidmtir.

• Cmbf tmdgfjfd tmgfj cnrefsmb cmsf gm`icf ubfdl gm smsm sncnbfedyf.

Fgndismd
Kmjf QPXW tmgfj rnspid gndlfd ofduvnr vflfb, ofjf cnrmjfd fgndismd 8 ol MX sn`frf

`npft onbfbum vndf yfdl cnrgmfontnr cnsfr (omsfbdyf vndf ongmfdf jucmtus), gmmjutm

gndlfd hbuse ondlludfjfd `fmrfd Df@b 1.=% 31 oB. Kmjf mrfof tmgfj cnrucfe gfbfo 6

emdllf 3 ondmt, ofjf cnrmjfd fgndismd 63 ol MX sn`frf `npft gndlfd `frf yfdl sfof.

Cmbf yfdl gmludfjfd fgndismd gfbfo cndtuj FWQ, gisms yfdl gmludfjfd fgfbfe gisms mdmsmfb
61 ol MX gfd gisms ubfdlfd 31 ol MX.

Jnoudljmdfd gfpft tnrkfgm jiopbmjfsm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd rnspid vndtrmjnb `npft

sfft pnocnrmfd fgndismd pfgf pfsmnd QPXW gndlfd \Q\ (FXSW). Jfrndf mtu gnhmcrmbftir

efrus tnrsngmf, tnrutfof pfgf pfsmnd yfdl gm`urmlfm onombmjm \Q\.

Pnpnrtm ofduvnr vflfb, nhnj fgndismd pfgf PXW bfmd snbfmd QPXW (omsfbdyf ftrmfb

hmcrmbbftmid ftfu ftrmfb hbuttnr) fjfd sn`frf trfdsmnd onopnrbfocft jn`npftfd vndtrmjnb.

Efb mdm fjfd cnrludf udtuj onocfdtu gmfldisms wfbfupud tmgfj ondtnromdfsm

tfjmfrmtomf.

Jidvnrsm QPXW ondlludfjfd fgndismd ftfupud pndlefocft jfdfb jfbsmuo (`fb`muo

( `fb`muo
`efddnb cbi`jnr) onocnrmjfd efsmb yfdl sfof, tntfpm fgndismd onombmjm nhnj yfdl bncme

`npft gfd nhnj sfopmdl yfdl bncme sngmjmt gmcfdgmdljfd gndlfd vnrfpfomb. Fomigfrid

gfpft gmludfjfd udtuj tnromdfsm QPXW tntfpm fwmtfd jnrkf fomigfrid bncme bfocft

gmcfdgmdljfd gndlfd fgndismd gfd onombmjm pitndsm prifrmtomf.

 Fgndismd onombmjm cncnrfpf mdtnrfjsm icft yfdl pndtmdl. Gisms yfdl bncme cnsfr

gmpnrbujfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd jfgfr tnihmbmd, jfhnmd ftfu tnicriomd gfbfo gfrfe yfdl

tmdllm. Gisms fwfb efrus gmjurfdlm sncfdyfj 0 ol pfgf pfsmnd yfdl ondlludfjfd

gmpmrmgfoib ftfu jfrcfofznpmd, pfs`f trfdspbfdtfsm kfdtudl, ftfu kmjf pnocnrmfd

ondlludfjfd fjsns vndf sndtrfb. Nhnj sfopmdl fgndismd yfdl snrmdl tnrkfgm tntfpm
cnrsmhft snondtfrf fgfbfe hbusemdl
hbusemdl,, gmspdnf gfd dynrm gfgf. Fgndismd tmgfj cibne

gmcnrmjfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd fsof. Fgndismd fofd gfd nhnjtmh pfgf jnefombfd.

8=

Pntnbfe jidvnrsm, icsnrvfsm pfsmnd udtuj jnoudljmdfd rnjurndsm. Kmjf tnrkfgm

rnjurndsm, gfpft gmcnrmjfd fgndismd ubfdl ftfu gmcnrmjfd icft pndlefocft digus FX

yfdl onombmjm jnrkf bncme pfdkfdl (yfmtu gmbtmfzno ftfu pndlefocft cntf). Kmjf sfft

pnocnrmfd fgndismd ftfu ofduvnr vflfb mrfof ondudkujjfd cndtuj bfmd gfrm PXW (snpnrtm

ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid ftfu hbuttnr), ofjf pndlicftfd gndlfd flnd pndlefocft digus FX jnrkf

pfdkfdl gmpnrtmocfdljfd flfr ofopu onopnrtfefdjfd jidtrib jn`npftfd vndtrmjnb.

Qndlefocft Jfdfb Jfbsmuo gfd Qndlefocft Cntf

Kmjf QPXW tmgfj cnrucfe ftfu rnjurnd sntnbfe pnocnrmfd fgndismd ftfu ofduvnr vflfb

ftfu onoud`ubjfd cndtuj bfmd gfrm PXW (snpnrtm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid ftfu hbuttnr), ofjf

gmsfrfdjfd ondlludfjfd flnd pndlefocft digub FX jnrkf pfdkfdl snpnrtm pndlefocft

jfdfb jfbsmuo did gmemgripmrmgmd (vnrfpfomb gfd gmbtmfzno) ftfu pndlefocft cntf. Icft-
icftfd mdm cnjnrkf tnrutfof pfgf kfrmdlfd digus gfd gfpft gmludfjfd udtuj

ondlendtmjfd QPXW rn- ndtry yfdl cnrlfdtudl pfgf jidgujsm onbfbum digus FX, ftfu

udtuj onopnrbfocft rnspid vndtrmjnb pfgf PXW bfmddyf gndlfd ondlefocft jidgujsm

onbfbum digus FX. Onjfdmson yfdl cnrcngf gfd gurfsm yfdl bncme pfdkfdl gfrm icft-

icftfd mdm gfpft ondlefsmbjfd tnromdfsm QPXW yfdl bncme ondntfp, ftfu pfgf jfsus PXW

bfmd (snpnrtm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid ftfu hbuttnr) udtuj onopnrtfefdjfd jidtrib jn`npftfd.

^dtuj vnrfpfomb cnrmjfd 3,>-> ol MX cibus snbfof 3 ondmt (snbfof 0 ondmt pfgf

pfsmnd bfdkut usmf). Kmjf tmgfj fgf rnspid tnrfpnutmj gfd tmgfj fgf jnkfgmfd nhnj sfopmdl,

gisms ubfdl >- 61 ol gfpft gmcnrmjfd sntmfp 6>-01 ondmt gndlfd gisms titfb 31 ol.
Snlmond gisms bfmd yfmtu gmcnrmjfd > ol cibus tmfp 6> ondmt gndlfd gisms titfb 01 ol.

Xnrfpfomb efdyf cibne gmcnrmjfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd PXW rn-ndtry jiopbnjs snopmt ftfu

frmtomf yfdl gmpfstmjfd cnrfsfb gfrm suprfvndtrmjubfr. Xnrfpfomb tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd

pfgf tfjmfrmtomf jiopbnjs VSP bncfr. Xnrfpfomb kulf tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd pfgf pfsmnd
pfgf tfjmfrmtomf jiopbnjs VSP bncfr. Xnrfpfomb kulf tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd pfgf pfsmnd

gndlfd hudlsm vndtrmjnb yfdl ondurud ftfu lflfb kfdtudl.

^dtuj gmbtmfzno, cnrmjfd gisms 6>-31 ol (1,3> ol/jlCC) MX snbfof 3 ondmt. Kmjf

gmpnrbujfd, gfbfo 6> ondmt jnougmfd cnrmjfd gisms tfocfefd 31-3> ol MX (1,0>

ol/jlCC). Gisms mdhus ruoftfd fgfbfe >-6> ol/kfo, gmtmtrfsm snsufm gndlfd jn`npftfd

gndyut kfdtudl.
Cnrcflfm kndms pndlefocft cntf udtuj pndfdlfdfd tfjmfrmtomf suprfvndtrmjubfr, gm

fdtfrfdyf ontipribib, ftndibib, nsoibib gfd bfcntfbib. Qfgf prmdsmpdyf flnd-flnd mdm

<1

cnjnrkf gndlfd `frf onbfwfd tidus smopftms pfgf kfrmdlfd digus yfdl fjfd

ondlefsmbjfd pnrbfocftfd jidgujsm. Pnpnrtm pndlefocft jfdfb jfbsmuo, icft libidlfd

mdm kulf onombmjm nhnj mditripmj dnlftmh gfd fjfd ondurudjfd `urfe kfdtudl pfgf pfsmnd

lflfb kfdtudl. Nhnj sfopmdl pndlefocft cntf onbmputm crfgmjfrgmf, pnrbfocftfd

jidgujsm FX, gfd empitndsm. Qndlefocft cntf efrus gmcnrmjfd sn`frf eftm-eftm pfgf

pfsmnd gndlfd pndyfjmt pfru icstrujtmh ftfu lflfb kfdtudl jidlnstmh.

Qnreftmfd pfgf pndlludffd icft-icftfd udtuj PXW

Qnocnrmfd icft pfgf pfsmnd prn-njsmtfsm (onombmjm kfbur fjsnsirms/f``nssiry
fjsnsirms/ f``nssiry pftewfy)

yfdl ondlfbfom ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid ftfu hbuttnr gndlfd jidgujsm jn vndtrmjnb onbfbum digus

FX ofupud kfbur fjsnsirms efrus eftm-eftm. Ibne jfrndf pndlicftfd gndlfd flnd

pndlefocft digus FX (tnrofsuj fgndismd, pndlefocft jfbsmuo, pndlefocft cntf ftfu

gmlijsmd) jn`mb jnoudljmdfd gfpft onopnrbfocft jn`npftfd vndtrmjnb gfd pfgf

cncnrfpf jfsus gfpft onopnr`npft rnspid vndtrmjnb. Pnemdllf, icft pndlefocft digus

FX tmgfj gmludfjfd pfgf jfsus ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid ftfu hbuttnr prn-njsmtfsm.

Emdgfrm jiocmdfsm flnd pndlefocft digus FX yfdl onombmjm jnrkf pfdkfdl. \fjtu

pfrue fgndismd yfdl `npft onoudljmdjfd pnocnrmfd icft bfdkutfd kmjf gmpnrbujfd.

Pntnbfe pnocnrmfd fgndismd gfpft gmcnrmjfd pndlefocft jfdfb jfbsmuo ftfu

pndlefocft cntf udtuj ond`nlfe rnjurndsm. Wntfpm, pndlludffd pndlefocft jfdfb

jfbsmuo cnrsfoffd gndlfd pndlefocft cntf yfdl sfof-sfof onombmjm wfjtu pfrue

pfdkfdl fjfd ondyncfcjfd pitndsmfsm yfdl gfpft ondmocubjfd crfgmjfrgmf cnrft.

\fbfu icft-icftfd fdtmfrmtomf bfmd (yfmtu fomigfrid, prijfmdfomg, ftfu sitfbib) gfpft

gmludfjfd udtuj ondlftfsm PXW, tfpm tijsmsmtfs yfdl tmdllm gfd rmsmji prifrmtomf onocuft

icft-icftfd mdm jurfdl gmsujfm. Qndln`ufbmfd pfgf pfsmnd prn-njsmtfsm gndlfd frmtomf
ftrmuo sfft icft-icft pndlefocft digus FX tmgfj gfpft gmludfjfd, icft-icft mdm gfpft

gmludfjfd udtuj ondlidtrib jn`npftfd gndyut kfdtudl. Qndlludffd ifcft-icft mdm

udtuj PXW bfmd snpnrtm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gfd hbuttnr gfpft ondyncfcjfd tnromdfsm frmtomf.

Efb mdm gfpft onocnrmjfd nhnj yfdl tmgfj gmmdlmdjfd cmbf sncnbuodyf tmgfj fgf

pnd`nlfefd udtuj jiopbmjfsm triocinocibm yfdl oudljmd tnrkfgm fjmcft jidvnrsm mtu.

Wfjmjfrgmf VSP Pnopmt Wmgfj Wnrftur

Wfjmjfrgmf VSP snopmt tmgfj tnrftur sncflmfd cnsfr gmsncfcjfd ibne ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid.
hmcrmbbftmid.

<6

Wftf bfjsfdf uouo ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gmhijusjfd pfgf ondurudjfd mrfof vndtrmjnb yfdl

`npft (jidtrib jn`npftfd), jidvnrsm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid yfdl tmgfj stfcmb ondkfgm mrfof smdus

(jidtrib mrfof) ftfu jngufdyf. Qfsmnd gndlfd ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid onombmjm rmsmji

triocinocibm tnrutfof cmbf gurfsm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid sugfe bncme gfrm 75 kfo. \fbfu

gnomjmfd gurfsm yfdl bncme pndgnj tmgfj ondymdljmrjfd jnoudljmdfd tmgfj tnrkfgm

nocibm. Jfrgmivnrsm nbnjtrmj ftfu hfrofjibilmj (jidvnrsm ondkfgm mrfof smdus) tmgfj cibne

gmbfjujfd pfgf pfsmnd mdm, jn`ufbm pfsmnd tmgfj stfcmb. Wmdgfjfd fbtnrdftmh fgfbfe gndlfd

onbfjujfd jfrgmivnrsm sntnbfe pnocnrmfd fdtmjiflubfd enpfrmd gfd pnonrmjsffd

njijfrgmilrfhm trfdsnsihflnfb udtuj onofstmjfd tmgfj fgfdyf triocus gm ftrmuo jmrm.

Jidtrib Jn`npftfd (Sftn @idtrib)

Qfsmnd yfdl enoigmdfomjdyf tmgfj stfcmb efrus ondgfpftjfd jfrgmivnrsm nbnjtrmj

sn`npftdyf. Qfgf pfsmnd stfcmb gmbfjujfd jidtrib jn`npftfd mrfof vndtrmjnb snsufm gndlfd

lnkfbf gfd enoigmdfomj pfsmnd. Qfgf jfsus ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd rnspid vndtrmjnb

`npft, pndlefocft cntf gfd pndlefocft jfdfb jfbsmuo did gmemgripmrmgmd MX snpnrtm

gmbtmfzno onrupfjfd icft pmbmefd udtuj jidtrib jn`npftfd mrfof fjut. Gmlijsmd gfd

fomigfridn gfpft gmludfjfd udtuj jidtrib jn`npftfd (rftn

( rftn `idtrib) pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd

lflfb kfdtudl jidlnstmh. Dfoud gnomjmfd, rmsmji jidvnrsm ondkfgm mrfof smdus pfgf

pndlludffd fomigfridn efrus gmpnrtmocfdljfd sncnbuo ondlludfjfd gndlfd flnd mdm

(rmsmji nocibm ondmdljft).

Jidtrib Mrfof

Cnrcflfm icft gmjntfeum nhnjtmh gfbfo tnromdfsm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid (jfrgmivnrsm

hfrofjibilmj ftfu jmomfwm). Fdljf jncnrefsmbfd gm fdtfrf icft tnrsncut cnrvfrmfsm gfd

tmgfj snoufdyf tnrsngmf gfbfo hiroubfsm pfrndtnrfb. Jidsubtfsm febm gmrnjiondgfsmjfd.

3.3. Enoigmdfomj Wmgfj Ptfcmb

Wfjmjfrgmf gndlfd enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb ononrbujfd usfef `npft ondlftfsm

tfjmjfrgmf gndlfd tnrfpm bmstrmj. Wnrfpm bmstrmj pmbmefd pfgf tfjmjfrgmf tmgfj stfcmb fgfbfe

jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm (syd`eridmzng

(syd`eridmzng `frgmivnrsmid).
`frgmivnrsmid). Qfgf pfsmnd tmgfj stfcmb gndlfd

tfjmjfrgmf VSP snopmt tnrftur, sfocmb onopnrsmfpjfd jfrgmivnrsm gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd

pnocnrmfd fgndismd, tnrutfof cmbf pfsmnd tmgfj empitndsm.

<3

Jfrgmivnrsm

Jfrgmivnrsm fgfbfe pnocnrmfd syij bmstrmj yfdl pndlefdtfrfddyf gmsmdjridjfd gndlfd

jiopbnjs VSP. Qndlefdtfrfd bmstrmj yfdl tnrsmdjridmsfsm mdm fjfd ondlemdgfrjfd

pnocnrmfd bmstrmj pfgf ofsf rnhrfjtnr rnbftmh yfdl gfpft ondyncfcjfd vndtrm`ubfr

hmcrmbbftmid.. Kmjf onoudljmdjfd, cuft fjsns vndf sncnbuo jfrgmivnrsm gfd cnrmjfd sngfsm
hmcrmbbftmid

kmjf pfsmnd gfbfo jidgmsm sfgfr. Kfdlfd ondudgf jfrgmivnrsm kmjf pfsmnd sfdlft tmgfj

stfcmb. ^dtuj mdhirofsm bncme bfdkut tndtfdl gnhmcrmbfsm gfd jfrgmivnrsm, bmeft cfc ‒Wnrfpm

Bm
Bmstrmj‟.
strmj‟.

Jfrgmivnrsm cmfsfdyf gmoubfm gndlfd onocnrmjfd gisms mdmsmfb ndnrlm jn`mb, jnougmfd

gmtmdljftjfd cnrtfefp cmbf gisms mdmsmfb tmgfj cnrefsmb. Cnsfr ndnrlm yfdl gmcnrmjfd sncflfm

gisms mdmsmfb jfrgmivnrsm tnrlfdtudl pfgf cndtuj mrfof NJL. Qfgf pndlludffd gnhmcrmbftir

cmhfsmj, cmbf mrfof NJL jiopbnjs VSP snopmt tnrftur, gisms mdmsmfb gmcnrmjfd >1-611 K. Gisms
Gi sms

mdmsmfb udtuj VSP snopmt tmgfj tnrftur 631 K ‐ 311 K cmbf ondlludfjfd gnhmcrmbftir cmhfsmj

gfd 311 K cmbf ondlludfjfd gnhmcrmbftir oidihfsmj.

Wfjmfrmtomf gndlfd VSP Bncfr

6. Qndlnrtmfd
Wfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr gmgnhmdmsmjfd gndlfd VSP 4 1,63 gntmj. Cndtuj pfbmdl uouo

gfrm tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr fgfbfe;

• XW

• PXW (QPXW, FH ftfu mrfof ftrmuo bfmd-bfmd) gndlfd jidgujsm fcnrfd

• Wfjmjfrgmf prn-njsmtfsm (tnrjfmt gndlfd ftfu gmongmfsm ibne kfbur fjsnsirms)

 • Mrfof pf`u vndtrmjubfr

Wfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs VSP bncfr gfpft rnlubfr ftfupud mrnlubfr. Puftu tfjmjfrgmf

jiopbnjs bncfr rnlubfr jnoudljmdfd cnsfr fgfbfe XW ftfu PXW gndlfd fcnrfd. Puftu

tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr mrnlubfr jnoudljmdfd fgfbfe ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd fcnrfd,

ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn-njsmtfsm (yfmtu ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd jidgujsm fdtnlrfg onbfbum

kfbur fjsnsirms) ftfu XW pibmoirhmj/tirsfgns

pibmoirhmj/tirsfgns gn pimdtns.
pimdtns. Qndibidl efrus

onopnrtmocfdljfd pnrbudyf jidsubtfsm febm jntmjf ondfdlfdm tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs VSP

bncfr.

<0

Lfocfr <.7. Wfjmjfrgmf Xndtrmjubfr Oidioirhmj

3. Wftf Bfjsfdf Wfjmfrmtomf gndlfd VSP Bncfr

Nvfbufsm fwfb onbmputm nvfbufsm kfbfd dfpfs gfd pnrdfpfsfd. Empijsnomf onrupfjfd

pndyncfc uouo tfjmjfrgmf. Cnrm ijsmlnd gfd cfdtufd pnrdfpfsfd cmbf gmpnrbujfd. Qfsfdl

oidmtir mrfof kfdtudl, fwfsm tnjfdfd gfrfe gfd sfturfsm ijsmlnd snrtf pfsfdl fjsns

mdtrfvndf gfd NJL 63 bnfg cmbf onoudljmdjfd. Wfjmfrmtomf gmjftnlirmjfd stfcmb fpfcmbf

tmgfj gmtnoujfd lnkfbf jbmdms snrmus yfmtu empitndsm, pndurudfd jnsfgfrfd (fjut), tfdgf-

tfdgf syij, dynrm gfgf msjnomj, gfd lflfb kfdtudl fjut. Cmbf tnrgfpft sfbfe sftu gfrm

jidgmsm tnrsncut, ofjf pfsmnd gmjftnlirmjfd onombmjm tfjmjfrgmf yfdl tmgfj stfcmb.

3.6. Enoigmdfomj Ptfcmb

Wfjmjfrgmf VSP Bncfr Wnrftur

Fgndismd pfgf Wfjmjfrgmf VSP Bncfr

Wfjmjfrgmf VSP bncfr cmfsfdyf cnrfsfb gfrm vndtrmjnb (XW). Wntfpm snpnrtm yfdl tnbfe

gmtnrfdljfd sncnbuodyf, PXW jfgfdljfbf gfpft ondlefsmbjfd mrfof gndlfd VSP yfdl

bncfr, yfmtu pfgf PXW gndlfd fcnrfdsm ftfu prn-njsmtfsm. Cmbf ondgfpftjfd jfsus

tfjmjfrgmf VSP bncfr, sncmsf oudljmd mgndtmhmjfsm fpfjfe tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr
tnrsncut suftu PXW ftfu XW, bfbu bfjujfd tftf bfjsfdf spnsmhmj snsufm mrfof tnrsncut.

Dfoud jfgfdljfbf ntmibilm mrfof tmgfj gfpft gmtndtujfd.

Fgndismd tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd pfgf tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr yfdl tmgfj stfcmb ftfu

mrnlubnr ftfu pibmoirhmj, jfrndf gfpft ondyncfcjfd pnrcurujfd ondkfgm XH. Wntfpm cmbf

tfjmjfrgmf VSP bncfr yfdl stfcmb onombmjm mrfof yfdl rnlubfr gfd oidioirhmj, fgndismd

MX rnbftmh fofd udtuj gmpnrtmocfdljfd pnofjfmfddyf, cfmj udtuj pndlicftfd ofupud

gmfldisms. Kmjf tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr fgfbfe PXW gndlfd fcnrfdsm, ofjf pnocnrmfd

fgndismd fjfd onopnrbfocft mrfof snondtfrf ftfu ondljidvnrsm ondkfgm mrfof smdus:

kmjf XW ofjf pnocn

pnocnrmfd
rmfd fgndismd tmgfj fjfd cnrpndlfrue pfg
pfgf
f mrfof (jn`ufbm pfgf jfsus

kfrfdl gfrm XW mgmipftmj). Nhnj trfdsmnd fgndismd yfdl sfdlft `npft cmfsfdyf gfpft

gmtibnrfdsm sn`frf enoigmdfomj. Jfrndf cnrcflfm rnspid mrfof pfgf sfft pnocnrmfd

<7

fgndismd mdm gfpft onocfdtu gmfldisms mrfof yfdl ondgfsfrm, sfdlft gmsfrfdjfd

onbfjujfd gijuondtfsm gndlfd pndlludffd rnjfofd NJL jidtmdyu. @frf pnocnrmfd

fgndismd sfof gndlfd pnocnrmfd pfgf QPXW; 8 ol MX cibus `npft, sntnbfe mtu gfpft

gmcnrmjfd cibus 63 ol kmjf mrfof tmgfj tnrjidvnrsm.

Gnhmcrmbftir efrus tnrsngmf kmjf onocnrmjfd fgndismd gfbfo jfsus tfjmjfrgmf VSP

bncfr. Nhnj sfopmdl gfpft tnrkfgm pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn-njsmtfsm yfdl

gmicftm gndlfd fgndismd yfmtu jidvnrsm ondkfgm ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd rnspid

vndtrmjubfr `npft. Gm sfopmdl mtu gfpft tnrkfgm XH pfgf ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn-njsmtfsm, \Q\

ftfu XW.

Icft Fdtmfrmtomf
Qfgf pfsmnd XW yfdl stfcmb, icft fdtmfrmtomf ftfu jfrgmivnrsm nbnjtmh fgfbfe tftf bfjsfdf

pmbmefd. Kmjf fdtmfrmtomf MX gmcnrmjfd, fomigfridn, bmgi`fmdn gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd.

Fbtnrdftmh bfmddyf fgfbfe Qri`fmdfomgn gfd sitfbib, yfdl efrus gmemdgfrm pfgf pfsmnd

gndlfd mdtnrvfb VW onofdkfdl. Kmjf sfbfe sftu icft fdtmfrmtomf

fd tmfrmtomf mdm gmcnrmjfd, pnocnrmfd

icft fdtmfrmtomf jnguf tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd tfdpf jidsubtfsm febm. Kmjf tnrfpm fdtmfrmtomf

tmgfj cnrefsmb, ofjf jfrgmivnrsm ftfu jidsubtfsm febm efrus gmpnrtmocfdljfd.

Fomigfridn nhnjtmh gfbfo ond`nlfe rnjurndsm XW oidioirhmj ftfu ondlicftm

frmtomf vndtrmjubfr rnhrfjtnr pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd pndyfjmt frtnrm jiridnr gfd hudlsm

vndtrmjnb yfdl curuj. Fomigfridn gmcnrmjfd 6>1 ol MX snbfof 61 ondmt: gisms gfpft
gmubfdl kmjf gmpnrbujfd gndlfd gisms ofjsmouo 3.3 l MX pnr 37 kfo. Gisms bncme tmdllm (011
ol) ondyncfcjfd pndmdljftfd hrnjundsm empitndsm, wfbfu cncnrfpf bfpirfd ondlftfjfd

empitndsm gmfjmcftjfd zft pnbfrut vfsifjtmh.

Bmgijfmd jurfdl nhnjtmh gfbfo tnromdfsm XW gmcfdgmdljfd fomigfridn. Bmgi`fmdn gfpft

gmpnrtmocfdljfd sncflfm tnrfpm fdtmfrmtomf bmdm jnguf udtuj XW oidioirhmj. Bmgi`fmdn

gfpft gmcnrmjfd pfgf gisms 6-6,> ol/jlCC MX cibus. Mdhus ruoftfd fgfbfe 6-7 ol/ondmt

(01->1
(01- >1 βl/jlCC/ondmt).

Wfjmjfrgmf VSP Bncfr Wmgfj Wnrftur

Wfjmjfrgmf VSP bncfr tmgfj tnrftur cmfsfdyf gmsncfcjfd ibne ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd

jidgujsm fcnrfd, ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn-njsmtfsm ftfu XW pibmoirhmj.

• Ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd jidgujsm fcnrfd

<>

Wftf bfjsfdf ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gndlfd jidgujsm fcnrfd sfof gndlfd tftf

bfjsfdf ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid pfgf uouodyf.

• Ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn-njsmtfsm

Qfgf fdfbmsms suftu mrfof jiopbnjs VSP bncfr tmgfj tnrftur, efrus gmpmjmrjfd

suftu ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn-njsmtfsm. Jidsubtfsm febm gmfdkurjfd. Qfgf jfsus mdm

emdgfrm icft-icft pndlefocft digus FX snpnrtm fgndismd, pndlefocft jfdfb

jfbsmuo, gmlijsmd gfd jnoudljmdfd pndlefocft cntf jfrndf sn`frf pfrfgijs icft

mdm ofbfe gfpft ondyncfcjfd pndmdljftfd rnspid vndtrmjnb. Cmfsfdyf pfsmnd

gndlfd ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid prn- njsmtfsm onombmjm gndyut kfdtudl yfdl sfdlft `npft

gfd ononrbujfd jfrgmivnrsm nbnjtrmj sn`npftdyf. Jntmjf jfrgmivnrsm nbnjtrmj tmgfj

tnrsngmf ftfu tmgfj nhnjtmh, ftfu ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid rnjurnd, ofjf pndlludffd icft
jidtrib mrfof snpnrtm fomigfrid gfpft cnrludf, cfmj gfbfo ondlidtrib jn`npftfd

ofupud stfcmbmsfsm mrfof.

• XW pibmoirhmj

XW pibmoirhmj cmfsfdyf ononrbujfd gnhmcrmbfsm sn`npftdyf gndlfd ndnrlm yfdl

sfof gndlfd XH. Cmbf pfsmnd XW pibmoirhmj onombmjm enoigmdfomj stfcmb ftfu

rnjurnd, jidsubtfsmjfd gndlfd febm.

Icft hfrofjibilmj udtuj ond`nlfe rnjurndsm XW pibmoirhmj gmtukujfd pfgf

pndyncfc yfdl ondgfsfrm gfd fgf tmgfjdyf pnofdkfdlfd mdtnrvfb VW pfgf mrfof

smdus. Kmjf mdtnrvfb VW onofdkfdl snbfof mrfof smdus (gndlfd jftf bfmd XW-dyf
 fgfbfe tirsfgns gn pimdtns),
pimdtns), ofjf bfdljfe pnrtfof fgfbfe ondlendtmjfd icft-

icftfd yfdl gmjntfeum onopnrpfdkfdl mdtnrvfb VW. Qnrcfmjm jntmgfjsnmocfdlfd

nbnjtribmt gfd pnom`u fjut bfmddyf (omsfbdyf ivnrgisms icft ftfu jnrf`udfd).

\fbfu ofldnsmuo uouo gmludfjfd pfgf XW tirsfgns gn pimdtns (XW pibmoirhmj

tnrjfmt gndlfd mdtnrvfb VW onofdkfdl), sn`frf mbomfe pndlludffddyf efdyf

gmgujudl ibne 3 pndnbmtmfd icsnrvfsmidfb yfdl ondudkujjfd jnnhnjtmhfddyf pfgf

pfsmnd gndlfd mdtnrvfb VW onofdkfdl. Qfgf snrmfb jfsus bfmd msipritnrndib ftfu

pf`u vndtrmjnb nhnjtmh gfbfo tnromdfsm tirsfgns gn pimdtns yfdl tnrjfmt gndlfd

crfgmjfrgmf gfd pnofdkfdlfd mdtnrvfb VW yfdl gmmdgujsm icft. XW pibmoirhmj fjmcft

smdgriof VW onofdkfdl hfombmfb gfpft gmicftm gndlfd ofldnsmuo MX, pf`u

kfdtudl gfd/ftfu pndlefocft cntf: msipritnrndib efrus gmemdgfrm. XW pibmoirhmj

tnrjfmt gndlfd smdgriof VW onofdkfdl gmgfpft gfpft gmicftm gndlfd ofldnsmuo

<8

MX. Wfocfefd pf`u kfdtudl ftfu msipritnrndib MX gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd pfgf XW

pibmoirhmj gndlfd crfgmjfrgmf ftfu tfopfj gmpm`u ibne kngf pfgf mrfof.

XW pibmoirhmj tfdpf pnofdkfdlfd mdtnrvfb VW pfbmdl cfdyfj gmsncfcjfd ibne

msjnomf omijfrg. Qfgf jidgmsm mdm, fomigfridn MX gfd pndlefocft cntf gfpft

ondurudjfd rnjurndsm frmtomf. Msjnomf omijfrg efrus gmicftm gndlfd pndlefocft

cntf gfd pnrtmocfdljfd jftntnrmsfsm kfdtudl gfd rnvfsjubfrmsfsm. Cnrcngf gndlfd

fomigfrid, ofldnsmuo tmgfj nhnjtmh gfbfo ond`nlfe XW pibmoirhmj pfgf pfsmnd

gndlfd mdtnrvfb VW dirofb.

Qndyncfc bfmd XW pibmoirhmj snbfmd msjnomf omijfrg gfd smdgriof VW

onofdkfdl fgfbfe XW jftnjibfomdnrlmj (yfdl oudljmd rnspidsmh gndlfd

pndlefocft cntf) gfd smdgriof Crulfgf (yfdl oudljmd rnspidsmh gndlfd

msipritnrndib).

3.3. Enoigmdfomj Wmgfj stfcmb

Wfjmjfrgmf gndlfd enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb ononrbujfd usfef `npft ondlftfsm

tfjmjfrgmf gndlfd tnrfpm bmstrmj. Wnrfpm bmstrmj pmbmefd pfgf tfjmjfrgmf tmgfj stfcmb fgfbfe

jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm (syd`eridmzng

(syd`eridmzng `frgmivnrsmid).
`frgmivnrsmid).

Qfsmnd yfdl tmgfj stfcmb gndlfd lfocfrfd mrfof tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs VSP bncfr

efrus gmfdllfp sncflfm XW gfd snlnrf bfjujfd jfrgmivnrsm. Efdtfofd gfgf ( prn`irgmfb
teuop)) gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd pfgf pfsmnd XW tmgfj stfcmb yfdl gmsfjsmjfd, tnrpfsfdl
teuop

oidmtir NJL gfd cmbf gnhmcrmbftir cnbuo smfp udtuj bfdlsudl gmludfjfd. Jfrgmivnrsm

cmfsfdyf gmoubfm gndlfd onocnrmjfd gisms mdmsmfb ndnrlm jn`mb, jnougmfd gmtmdljftjfd

cnrtfefp cmbf gisms mdmsmfb tmgfj cnrefsmb. Qfgf tfjmjfrgmf VSP bncfr tnrftur gisms mdmsmfb

gmcnrmjfd 611 K (cmhfsmj ftfu oidihfsmj). Pngfdljfd cmbf frmtomf cnrsmhft VSP bncfr gfd

tmgfj tnrftur/pibmoirhmj, jfrgmivnrsm tmgfj cmsf gmbfjujfd. Kfgm cmbf gmtnoujfd pfsmnd tmgfj

stfcmb gndlfd tfjmjfrgmf VSP bncfr pibmoirhmj ftfu cmbf fgf jnrflufd fpfjfe mrfof yfdl

fgf XW oidioirhmj ftfu pibmoirhmj, bfjujfd syij bmstrmj tmgfj tnrsmdjridmsfsm gisms tmdllm,

ftfu gndlfd jftf bfmd bfjujfd gnhmcrmbfsm. Qfs`f onbfjujfd jfrgmivnrsm pfgf XW, kmjf tmgfj

fgf pnrucfefd mrfof kfdtudl, pfstmjfd tnrbncme gfeubu fgf tmgfjdyf dfgm, jfrndf cmsf
cnrucfe kfgm XW tfdpf dfgm. Kmjf ofsme tnrgfpft dfgm, dfmjjfd gisms jfrgmivnrsm >1 K gfrm

gisms sncnbuodyf.

<<
 Lfocfr <.>. Fblirmtof Wftfbfjsfdf Wfjmjfrgmf

<5

SNHNSNDPM
6. Dnuofr S\, Itti @\, Bmdj OP, nt fb. 3161 Fonrm`fd
F onrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir

@frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid.

3161:633;P<3= ‐P<8<.
‐P<8<.

3. Jftrmtsms, G. L., Cirmfdm, L., @ismi, H. L., Emdgrm`js, L., Kfms, Q., Kisnpesid, O. N., ... &

Bfdn, G. F. (316<). Nuripnfd Enfrt Seyteo Fssi`mftmid (NESF) `idsndsus gi`uondt

id ten ofdflnondt ih suprfvndtrm`ubfr frreyteomfs, ndgirsng cy Enfrt Seyteo

Pi`mnty (ESP), Fsmf-Qf`mhm` Enfrt Seyteo Pi`mnty (FQESP), fdg Pi`mngfg

Bftmdifonrm`fdf gn Nstmoubf`mðd @frgmf`f y Nbn`trihmsmibilmf (PIBFN@N). NQ Nuripf`n,

6=(0), 78>->66.

0. Cbiostrøo-Budgqvmst, @., P`enmdofd, O. O., Fbmit, N. O., Fbpnrt, K. P., @fbjmds, E.,

@foo, F. K., ... & Ombbnr, G. G. (3110). F@@/FEF/NP@ lumgnbmdns hir ten ofdflnondt

ih pftmndts wmte suprfvndtrm`ubfr frreyteomfs‗

frreyteomfs ‗nxn`utmvn suoofry; f rnpirt ih ten

Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily/Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Wfsj Hir`n id Qrf`tm`n

Lumgnbmdns fdg ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih @frgmibily @ioomttnn hir Qrf`tm`n Lumgnbmdns

(\rmtmdl @ioomttnn ti Gnvnbip Lumgnbmdns hir ten Ofdflnondt ih Qftmndts wmte

Puprfvndtrm`ubfr Frreyteomfs) gnvnbipng md `ibbfcirftmid wmte DFPQN-Enfrt Seyteo

Pi`mnty. Kiurdfb ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily, 73(5), 67=0-6>06.

 y l ly, ( ),

7. Oidsmnurs, J. L., Dibfd, K. Q., Cissfnrt, B. B., Lrnmh, S., Of`idi`emn, M. J., Dmjibfiu, D.

M., ... & [mgnofd, G. F. (316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir

rnsus`mtftmid 316> sn`tmid 6. Nxn`utmvn suoofry. Snsus`mtftmid.-Bmonrm`j, 6=<3,

`urrnds, =>, 6-51.

>. Qfln, S. B., Kilbfr, K. F., @fbgwnbb, O. F., @fbjmds, E., @idtm, K. C., Gnfb, C. K., ... & Mdgmj,

K. E. (3168). 316> F@@/FEF/ESP lumgnbmdn hir ten ofdflnondt ih fgubt pftmndts wmte

suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf; f rnpirt ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih

@frgmibily/Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Wfsj Hir`n id @bmdm`fb Qrf`tm`n Lumgnbmdns fdg

ten Enfrt Seyteo Pi`mnty. Kiurdfb ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily, 8<(60), n3<-

n66>.

8. Jmr`eeih, Q., Cndussm, P., Jitn`ef, G., Febssid, F., Ftfr, G., @fsfgnm, C., ... & Emdgrm`js,

L. (3168). 3168 NP@ Lumgnbmdns hir ten ofdflnondt ih ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid gnvnbipng md

`ibbfcirftmid wmte NF@WP. Nuripnfd kiurdfb ih `frgmi-teirf`m` surlnry, >1(>), n6-n55.

<. Futeirs/Wfsj Hir`n Onocnrs, Qrmirm, P. L., Cbiostrøo-Budgqvmst, @., Ofzzfdtm, F.,

<=

Cbio, D., Cirllrnhn, O., ... & Emdgrm`js, L. (316>). 316> NP@ Lumgnbmdns hir ten
ofdflnondt ih pftmndts wmte vndtrm`ubfr frreyteomfs fdg ten prnvndtmid ih suggnd

`frgmf` gnfte; Wen Wfsj Hir`n hir ten Ofdflnondt ih Qftmndts wmte Xndtrm`ubfr

Frreyteomfs fdg ten Qrnvndtmid ih Puggnd @frgmf` Gnfte ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih

@frgmibily (NP@) Ndgirsng cy; Fssi`mftmid hir Nuripnfd Qfngmftrm` fdg @idlndmtfb

@frgmibily (FNQ@). Np Nuripf`n, 6<(66), 6816-685<.

5. Lbivnr, C. O., \fbse, P. K., O`@fdd, @. K., Oiirn, O. K., Ofdiefrfd, L., Gfbzn
Gfbznbb,
bb, L. \.,

... & Oftenw, W. Q. (3115). Cmpefsm` ndnrly snbn`tmid hir trfdsteirf`m` `frgmivnrsmid

ih ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid. Wen CNPW FH Wrmfb. Enfrt, =7

=7(<),
(<), 557-55<.

=. Ofdnlibg, K. @., Msrfnb, @. \., Nerbm`e, K. S., Gurfy, L., Qfkmtdnv, G., \nlndnr, H. W., &
Eiedbisnr, P. E. (311<). Nxtnrdfb `frgmivnrsmid ih ftrmfb hmcrmbbftmid md pftmndts wmte

mopbfdtng pf`nofjnr ir `frgmivnrtnr-gnhmcrmbbftir systnos; f rfdgiomzng

`iopfrmsid ih oidipefsm` fdg cmpefsm` sei`j ndnrly fppbm`ftmid. Nuripnfd enfrt

kiurdfb, 35
35(67),
(67), 6<06-6<05.

61. Pifr, K., Dibfd, K. Q., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Qnrjmds, L. G., Bitt, @., @frbm, Q., ... & Pudgn, J.

(316>). Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316>; sn`tmid 0.

Fgubt fgvfd`ng bmhn suppirt. Snsus`mtftmid, =>, 611-67<.

66. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S., Emrs`e, J.

L., ... & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn Puppirt; 3131

Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg

Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid, 673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗‗

51

CFC XMM
PMDGSIOF JISIDNS FJ^W

Wukufd Qnocnbfkfrfd
Qfgf fjemr pnocfefsfd jfsus mdm pnsnrtf gmefrfpjfd gfpft;

• Ondgmsjusmjfd gmfldisms gfd gmfldisms cfdgmdl dynrm gfgf yfdl ondlfd`fo

dyfwf

• Ofopu onocf`f NJL gfd ondljbfsmhmjfsmjfd jn gfbfo tmlf jftnlirm yfmtu

fgfdyf PW nbnvfsm, PW gnprnsm, ftfu NJL dirofb

• Ondknbfsjfd gfd ondlludfjfd fblirmtof PJF, tnrofsuj pndlludffd icft,

gisms, gfd strftnlm pndfdlfdfd

• Ondlnrtm gfd ondknbfsjfd mgndtmhmjfsm gmdm, strftmhmjfsm rmsmji, gfd tnrfpm pfsmnd

gndlfd PJF

• Ofopu ondlmgndtmhmjfsm gfd onocnrmjfd tnrfpm dynrm gfgf msjnomj fjut

• Ondknbfsjfd tndtfdl pndlludffd icft-icft PJF

Ofopu ondknbfsjfd pntudkuj strftnlm rnpnrhusm

 • Ofopu ondknbfsjfd pntudkuj strftnlm rnpnrhusm

• Ofopu onbfjujfd pndmbfmfd strftmhmjfsm rmsmji tmdllm pfgf PJF DPWNOM

F. Qndgfeubufd

Pmdgriof jiridnr fjut onrupfjfd suftu jnlfwftfd jfrgmivfsjubfr yfdl onombmjm

pitndsm jiopbmjfsm yfdl gfpft cnrfjmcft hftfb. Pmdgriof jiridnr fjut, tnrutfof mdhfrj

omijfrg, onrupfjfd pndyncfc utfof jnkfgmfd endtm kfdtudl ondgfgfj yfdl gmsncfcjfd

frmtomf ofbmldf yfdl tnrkfgm sfft snrfdlfd.

Wukufd tnrfpm PJF fgfbfe ondlurfdlm gfnrfe omijfrg yfdl ondlfbfom mdhfrj snemdllf

hudlsm vndtrmjnb jmrm gfpft gmpnrtfefdjfd, ond`nlfe jiopbmjfsm jfrgmfj hftfb gfd

ondfdlfdm jiopbmjfsm PJF. Gmfldisms gfd tnrfpm yfdl `npft fjfd ondynbfoftjfd

omijfrg pfgf kfo-kfo fwfb mdhfrj. Qfgf cfc mdm fjfd gmcfefs ondlndfm smdgriof jiridnr

fjut onbmputm fdlmdf pn`tirms tmgfj stfcmb, snrtf mdhfrj omijfrg cfmj gndlfd lfocfrfd

nbnjtrijfrgmilrfo gmsnrtfm PW nbnvfsm

nbnvfsm ofupud did-PW nbnvfsm.
nbnvfsm.

56

C. Gnhmdmsm

Qndlnrtmfd PJF onrukuj pfgf snjuopubfd jnbuefd gfd tfdgf jbmdms yfdl snsufm

gndlfd msjnomf omijfrg fjut. Pmdgriof jiridnr fjut onrupfjfd suftu spnjtruo gfbfo

pnrkfbfdfd pndgnrmtf pndyfjmt kfdtudl jiridnr (ftnrisjbnrisms jiridnr). PJF gfpft

cnrupf fdlmdf pnjtirms tmgfj stfcmb, mdhfrj omijfrg gndlfd did-PW nbnvfsm, mdhfrj omijfrg

gndlfd PW nbnvfsm, gfd ftfu jnoftmfd kfdtudl ondgfgfj.

@. Npmgnomibilm
Pmdgriof jiridnr fjut fgfbfe jnlfwftfd jfrgmivfsjubfr yfdl onrupfjfd pndyncfc

utfof jnoftmfd. Jnoftmfd tnrcfdyfj tnrkfgm gm bufr ruofe sfjmt. Jnoftmfd yfdl tnrkfgm
sncnbuo pfsmnd sfopfm gm ruofe sfjmt cnreucudlfd gndlfd frmtomf ofbmldf (XW/XH).

Cfdyfj jnkfgmfd tnrkfgm gfbfo nopft kfo pnrtfof sntnbfe fwfb snrfdlfd. Jnoftmfd gm

ruofe sfjmt bncme cfdyfj cnreucudlfd gndlfd onduruddyf `urfe kfdtudl tnrofsuj

lflfb kfdtudl jidlnstmh gfd syij jfrgmilndmj. Jnoftmfd cnreucudlfd gndlfd bufsdyf

omijfrg yfdl tnrjndf. Ibne jfrndf mtu, upfyf onocftfsm bufs mdhfrj fjfd ondurudjfd

t bmt
oirtfbmtfs.

G. Qftihmsmibilm

Qndyncfc tnrkfgmdyf PJF sn`frf tnirmtms fgfbfe fjmcft triocisms jiridnr gfd ricnjfd
pbfj (pbfqun hmssurn
hmssurn).
). Qfgf pndnbmtmfd fdlmilrfhm gfd stugm pist-oirtno yfdl gmbfjujfd

pfgf pfsmnd PJF snlnrf sntnbfe tmocubdyf jnbuefd tfopfj cfewf pfgf bncme gfrm 5>%

jfsus tnrgfpft ijbusm triocus pfgf frtnrm pndyncfc (`ubprmt

( `ubprmt frtnry). Wriocus yfdl

tnrcndtuj onrupfjfd `fopurfd triocus putme (wemtn

(wemtn teriocus)
teriocus) gfd triocus onrfe

(rng teriocus).
teriocus). Wriocisms jiridnr yfdl tnrkfgm uouodyf gmeucudljfd gndlfd ricnjfd
ri cnjfd

pbfj. Qnrucfefd yfdl tmcf-tmcf gfrm fdlmdf stfcmb ondkfgm tmgfj stfcmb ftfu mdhfrj omijfrg

uouodyf cnreucudlfd gndlfd ricnjfd pbfj pfgf tmtmj gm ofdf senfr strnss-dyf
strnss-dyf tmdllm

gfd gfpft tnrkfgm pfgf pbfj ftnrisjbnrisms yfdl cnsfr ofupud jn`mb (omdir). Qbfj yfdl

ondlfbfom ricnjfd jnougmfd onrfdlsfdl flrnlfsm triocismt yfdl snbfdkutdyf fjfd

onocndtuj triocus. Ppfson frtnrm jiridnr kulf cnrpnrfd pndtmdl gfbfo pftihmsmibilm

PJF. Qnrucfefd tidus pnocubue gfrfe jiridnr onbfbum dmtrm` ixmgn (DI) ndgilnd gfpft

onocuft vfrmfsm focfdl rfdlsfdl fdlmdf fdtfrf sftu pfsmnd gndlfd yfdl bfmd gfd fdtfrf

sftu wfjtu gndlfd wfjtu yfdl bfmd. Cncnrfpf hfjtir yfdl gfpft onopndlfruem tidus

53

frtnrm yfmtu empijsmf, jftnjibfomd ndgilnd, gfd zft vfsifjtmh (snritidmd, fgndismd

gmhishft).

Qfsmnd gndlfd ftnrisjbnrisms jiridnr cmsf ondlfbfom lnkfbf jbmdms yfdl cnrvfrmfsm

tnrlfdtudl gfrm tmdljft suocftfd frtnrm jiridnr. Lnkfbf-lnkfbf jbmdms mdm onbmputm fdlmdf

tmgfj stfcmb, did-PW-snlondt nbnvftmid oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid (DPWNOM), gfd PW-snlondt

nbnvftmid oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid (PWNOM). Cncnrfpf efb yfdl ondgfsfrm pftihmsmibilm PJF

fgfbfe sncflfm cnrmjut;

f. Qbfj tmgfj stfcmb

Qndyncfc utfof tnrkfgmdyf PJF fgfbfe rupturdyf pbfj yfdl jfyf bmpmg gndlfd

`fdljfdl yfdl tmpms. ^ouodyf pbfj yfdl ondlfbfom ruptur sn`frf enoigmdfomj tmgfj

smldmhmjfd cnsfr bnsmdyf. Fgfdyf jiopidnd snb mdhbfofsm yfdl cnrfgf gm cfwfe

sucndgitnb onrupfjfd tmtmj bnofe gfd onrupfjfd prngmspismsm tnrkfgmdyf ruptur pbfj.

Jn`npftfd fbmrfd gfrfe, turcubndsm, gfd fdftiom pnocubue gfrfe kulf onocnrmjfd

jidtrmcusm tnrefgfp efb tnrsncut.

c. Suptur pbfj
c. Suptur pbfj

Pntnbfe pbfj ruptur, snb-snb pbftnbnt fjfd ondutupm ftfu ondnopnb pfgf pbfj yfdl

ruptur. Suptur fjfd onrfdlsfdl gfd ondlfjtmhjfd flrnlfsm pbftnbnt. Hmcrmdilnd fjfd

ondynbmoutm pbftnbnt yfdl jnougmfd fjfd onrfdlsfdl pnocndtujfd triocmd.

Lfocfr <.6. Qftihmsmibilm smdgriof jiridnr fjut

50

`. Fdlmdf tmgfj stfcmb

Puocftfd triocus yfdl pfrsmfb fjfd ondmocubjfd lnkfbf msjnomf yfdl prilrnsmh (bncme

bfof ftfu pfgf fjtmvmtfs yfdl bncme rmdlfd gfrm cmfsfdyf), lnkfbf msjnomf yfdl cfru

pnrtfof tnrkfgm, ftfu tnrkfgm sfft mstmrfeft. Qfgf hfsn mdm triocus jfyf fjfd pbftnbnt

snemdllf tnrfpm fspmrmd, `bipmgilrnb, gfd LQ MMc/MMMf mdemcmtir pfbmdl nhnjtmh. Qnocnrmfd

triocibmsms pfgf hfsn mdm tmgfj nhnjtmh gfd ofbfe sncfbmjdyf gfpft ondlfjsnbnrfsm

ijbusm gndlfd onbnpfsjfd cnjufd yfdl cnrmjftfd gndlfd triocmd yfdl gfpft

onoprioism tnrkfgmdyf jiflubfsm. Ijbusm triocus yfdl cnrsmhft mdtnromtnd gfpft

ondyncfcjfd dnjrisms omijfrg snemdllf ondmocubjfd DPWNOM.

g. Omjrinocibm

Omjrinocibm gfpft cnrfsfb gfrm triocus yfdl nocibm jn gmstfb gfd cnrsfrfdl gm gfbfo

omjrivfsjubfr jiridnr yfdl ondyncfcjfd tripidmd kfdtudl ondmdljft (pndfdgf

fgfdyf dnjrisms gm kfdtudl). Jidgmsm mdm onrupfjfd rmsmji tmdllm tnrkfgmdyf mdhfrj

omijfrg yfdl bncme bufs.

n. Ijbusm triocus

Kmjf triocus ondyuocft titfb pnocubue gfrfe jiridnr gfbfo kfdljf wfjtu yfdl

bfof, ofjf fjfd ondyncfcjfd PWNOM. Cnjufd mdm jfyf fjfd triocmd, ibne jfrndf mtu,

pnocnrmfd hmcrmdibmsms yfdl `npft gfd tnpft ftfu bfdlsudl

bfdl sudl gmbfjujfd mdtnrvndsm `iridnr

pnrjutfd (MJQ) gfpft onocftfsm pnrbufsfd mdhfrj omijfrg.

N. Gmfldisms gfd Wftfbfjsfdf PJF

6. Qndlnrtmfd

Pmdgrio jiridnr fjut (PJF) onrupfjfd suftu snjuopubfd jnbuefd gfd tfdgf jbmdms

yfdl snsufm gndlfd msjnomf omijfrg fjut. Gmfldisms PJF gmcuft cnrgfsfrjfd jnbuefd

jefs fdlmdf. Wnrjfgfdl pfsmnd tmgfj fgf jnbuefd fdlmdf, dfoud tnrgfpft snsfj dfpfs

ftfu jnbuefd bfmd yfdl tmgfj jefs snpnrtm dynrm npmlfstrmj ftfu smdjip yfdl gmsncut

fdlmdf nqumvfbndt. Efb mdm gmmjutm pnrucfefd nbnjtrijfrgmilrfo (NJL) gfd ftfu

pnrucfefd ndzmo kfdtudl. Qfgf cncnrfpf jfsus, jnbuefd pfsmnd, lfocfrfd fwfb NJL

gfd pnonrmjsffd bfcirftirmuo ndzmo kfdtudl fwfb tmgfj cmsf ondymdljmrjfd fgfdyf

PJF, ibne jfrndf pnrucfefd NJL cnrsmhft gmdfoms gfd pndmdljftfd ndzmo cfru tnrkfgm

cncnrfpf kfo jnougmfd. Qfgf jidgmsm mdm gmpnrbujfd pndlfoftfd sn`frf snrmfb

sncnbuo ondymdljmrjfd gmfldisms PJF.

57

3. Lnkfbf

Lnkfbf - lnkfbf uouo msjnomf gfd mdhfrj omijfrg fgfbfe dynrm gfgf rntristnrdfb.

]fdl pnrbu gmpnreftmjfd gfbfo nvfbufsm jnbuefd dynrm gfgf msjnomj jefs PJF fgfbfe;

• Bijfsm dynrm; gm gfnrfe rntristnrdfb, pfsmnd submt onbijfbmsfsm rfsf dynrm

• Gnsjrmpsm dynrm; pfsmnd ondlnbue rfsf cnrft snpnrtm gmemopmt, gmtnjfd, gmrnofs,

pfdfs, ftfu gfgf tnrfsf pndue. Jnbuefd tnrsncut bncme giomdfd gmcfdgmdljfd

rfsf dynrm yfdl smhftdyf tfkfo. Qnrbu gmwfspfgfm kulf cmbf pfsmnd ondlnbue dynrm

npmlfstrmj, smdjip, ftfu snsfj dfpfs (fdlmdf nqumvfbndt)

• Qndkfbfrfd dynrm; pndkfbfrfd jn bndlfd jmrm, cfeu, pudlludl, npmlfstrmuo, bnenr

(rfsf tnr`njmj), ftfu rfefdl cfwfe (rfsf dlmbu). Jfgfdl dynrm kulf ondkfbfr jn

bndlfd jfdfd ftfu jnguf bndlfd

• Bfof dynrm; dynrm pfgf PJF gfpft cnrbfdlsudl bfof, bncme gfrm 31 ondmt. Qfgf
 MOF-NPW, dynrm bncme gfrm 31 ondmt gfd tmgfj embfdl gndlfd mstmrfeft ftfu dmtrft

sucbmdlufb

• Lnkfbf smstnomj; gmsnrtfm jnbuefd snpnrtm oufb, oudtfe, ftfu jnrmdlft gmdlmd.

Qfgf mdhfrj omijfrg snrmdljfbm gmsnrtfm lnkfbf itidio snpnrtm jnrmdlft gmdlmd

yfdl onocfsfem cfku, oufb ftfu oudtfe, pfbpmtfsm, ftfu pfdgfdlfd onbfyfdl.

Pnbfmd mtu, pnrbu gmtnbusurm bncme bfdkut ondlndfm hfjtir rmsmji PJF
P JF snpnrtm onrijij,

empnrtndsm, gmfcntns onbbmtus, gmsbmpmgnomf, hfjtir lndntmj gm jnbufrlf (Smwfyft irfdl

tuf ftfu sfugfrf jfdgudl yfdl ondlfbfom snrfdlfd kfdtudl ftfu ondmdllfb

ondgfgfj gm usmf ougf), gfd ondipfusn pfgf wfdmtf, udtuj snofjmd onopnrjuft

gmfldisms PJF.

Gmfldisms cfdgmdl PJF

Qndyfjmt yfdl ondlfd`fo kmwf gfd gfpft ondynrupfm dynrm gfgf msjnomf;

6) Gmsnjsm firtf; tfdyfjfd smhft dynrm, fpfjfe snpnrtm gmricnj

3) Nocibm pfru fjut; tfdyfjfd hfjtir rmsmji cnrupf moicmbmsfsm

0) Wndsmid pdnuoiteirfx; tfdyfjfd rmwfyft pndyfjmt pfru bfof, `ngnrf gmdgmdl

gfgf

5>

0. Qnonrmjsffd hmsmj

Qnonrmjsffd hmsmj gmbfjujfd udtuj ondnlfjjfd gmfldisms, ondymdljmrjfd

jnoudljmdfd pndyncfc dynrm gfgf bfmddyf, gfd ondlnvfbufsm fgfdyf jiopbmjfsm PJF.

Qnonrmjsffd hmsmj pfgf PJF uouodyf dirofb. Wnrjfgfdl pfsmnd tnrbmeft `nofs,

cnrjnrmdlft gmdlmd, ftfu gmgfpft tfdgf jiopbmjfsm cnrupf tfjmpdnf, tfjmjfrgmf emdllf

crfgmjfrgmf, fgfdyf lfbbip, ridjm cfsfe efbus gm pfru, ftfu tnrgndlfr cmsmdl kfdtudl

(ourour) ftfu fjrfb yfdl gmdlmd cmbf gmsnrtfm jidgmsm syij jfrgmilndmj. Cmbf tmgfj fgf

jiopbmjfsm, cmfsfdyf gfrm pnonrmjsffd hmsmj tmgfj gmtnoujfd jnbfmdfd yfdl cnrfrtm.

7. NJL

Qnonrmjsffd NJL onrupfjfd pnonrmjsffd pndudkfdl yfdl pndtmdl pfgf gmfldisms

PJF udtuj ondndtujfd tftf bfjsfdf snbfdkutdyf. NJL efrus gmfocmb gfbfo 61 ondmt

b e m g m j m g g j b e m g g
 pnrtfof sntnbfe pfsmnd gftmdl jn udmt lfwft gfrurft gndlfd jnbuefd dynrm gfgf.

Cnrgfsfrjfd lfocfrfd NJL, pfsmnd PJF gfpft gmjbfsmhmjfsmjfd gfbfo 3 jnbiopij;

6) Gndlfd nbnvfsm snlond PW ftfu bnht cudgbn crfd`e cbi`j (BCCC)

cfru/gmfdllfp cfru (dnw

(dnw ir prnsuofcby dnw BCCC).
BCCC ). Gmgfpftjfd lfocfrfd

nbnvfsm snlond PW omdmofb gm guf sfgfpfd yfdl cnreucudlfd

3) Wfdpf nbnvfsm snlond PW, gndlfd lfocfrfd NJL uouodyf cnrupf gnprnsm
snlond PW ftfu mdvnrsm lnbiocfdl W yfdl gmdfoms pfgf sfft pfsmnd

ondlnbue dynrm gfgf

Lfocfr <.3. @frf ondlujur gnvmfsm snlond PW

58

Cncnrfpf `idtie lfocfrfd NJL PJF gndlfd PW nbnvfsm gfd tfdpf PW nbnvfsm snrtf lfocfr

dnw BCCC;
Lfocfr <.0. PWNOM nxtndsmvn fdtnrmir wfbb (PW nbnvfsm gm sfgfpfd X3-X8, M, fXB)

Lfocfr <.7. PWNOM mdhnrmir wfbb (tnrgfpft PW nbnvfsm gm sfgfpfd MM, MMM, fXH)

5<
 Lfocfr <.>. NJL BCCC (jiopbnjs VSP yfdl bncfr gm X>-X8, M gfd fXB gmsnrtfm

lnbiocfdl P yfdl gfbfo gm X6-X3)

>. Bfcirftirmuo

Qnonrmjsffd bfcirftirmuo udtuj ondmbfm fgfdyf tfdgf dnjrisms omijfrg snpnrtm

@J-OC, Wripidmd W gfd M, snrtf omilbicmd gmpfjfm udtuj ondnlfjjfd gmfldisms PJF.

Wripidmd bncme gmpmbme jfrndf bncme sndsmtmh gfrm pfgf @J-OC. Wripidmd cnrludf udtuj

gmfldisms, strftmhmjfsm rmsmji, gfd ondndtujfd prildisms. Wripidmd yfdl ondmdljft

fjfd ondmdljftjfd rmsmji jnoftmfd. Qfgf pfsmnd PJF gndlfd PW nbnvfsm, rnpnrhusm tmgfj

cibne gmtudgf efdyf udtuj ondudllu ndzmo kfdtudl.

@J-OC onrupfjfd msindzmo gfrm `rnftmdmd jmdfsn,

jmdfsn, gndlfd jidsndtrfsm tnrcnsfr

tnrgfpft pfgf omijfrgmuo. Gfbfo kuobfe jn`mb @J-OC gfpft gmkuopfm gm itit rfdljf,

usus jn`mb ftfu gmfhrflof. @J-OC oubfm ondmdljft 0 kfo sntnbfe mdhfrj gfd ond`fpfm

pud`fjdyf sntnbfe 63-67 kfo. @J-OC fjfd oubfm ondlembfdl gfrm gfrfe 75-<3 kfo

sntnbfe mdhfrj.

Wripidmd ondlftur mdtnrfjsm jnrkf fjtmd gfd oyismd gfbfo itit kfdtudl gfd bncme
spnsmhmj gfrm @J-OC. Fgf guf cndtuj yfmtu tripidmd W gfd M. Ndzmo mdm
m dm oubfm ondmdljft

pfgf kfo 0 sntnbfe idsnt dynrm gfgf. ond`fpfm pud`fjdyf pfgf kfo jn-63 emdllf 37,

snrtf jfgfrdyf ofsme ondmdljft sfopfm cncnrfpf efrm jn gnpfd, jnougmfd dmbfmdyf

jnocfbm jn dirofb pfgf efrm jn 5 ‐ 36 (trip W) gfd < ‐ 67 (trip M). Qndmdljftfd ndzmo

mdm ondkfgm cujtm fgfdyf dnjrisms omijfrg gfd ondudkujjfd prildisms yfdl curuj

55

pfgf PJF. Qndlujurfd ndzmo kfdtudl tripidmd cnrsfof gndlfd pnonrmjsffd NJL

sn`frf snrmfb onrupfjfd cflmfd gfrm nvfbufsm pfsmnd gndlfd tfdgf gfd lnkfbf yfdl

ond`urmlfm fgfdyf PJF. Qntulfs ongms pnrbu ondlntfeum idsnt gfrm lnkfbf sncnbuo

onbfjujfd pnonrmjsffd ndzmo kfdtudl, jfrndf tripidmd ofupud @J-OC cfru

ondmdljft 0 kfo sntnbfe idsnt msjnomj.

Qfgf pngiofd tfeud 316>, pndlludffd cmiofrjnrs emle sndsmtmvn-`frgmf`

Wripidmd M (es-`WdM) gfd emle sndsmtmvn-`frgmf` Wripidmd W (es-`WdW) gmfdkurjfd cmbf

tnrsngmf, ondlmdlft cmiofrjnr mdm bncme sndsmtmh udtuj ondgntnjsm fgfdyf dnjrisms

omijfrg bncme fwfb. Gntnjsm pndmdljftfd tripidmd (Wd) gmftfs dmbfm pnrsndtmb == cftfs

ftfs, sfdlft sndsmtmh gfd spnsmhmj ondudkujjfd fgfdyf dnjrisms omijfrg. Focfdl
cftfs gntnjsm udtuj es-`WdM 1,1>8 o`l/B sngfdljfd udtuj es-`WdW 67 dl/B. Qngiofd

tfeud 316> kulf onrnjiondgfsmjfd udtuj tmgfj onbfjujfd pnonrmjsffd es-`WdM ftfu

es-`WdW pfgf kfo jn-1 gfd kfo jn-3 tfdpf onbfjujfd strftmhmjfsm rmsmji jbmdms udtuj

ondymdljmrjfd gmfldisms PJF. Efsmb pndlujurfd es-`WdM gndlfd dmbfm jurfdl gfrm

pnrsndtmb == pfgf kfo 1 gfd kfo jn-3 cnrsfof gndlfd dmbfm strftmhmjfsm rmsmji jbmdms yfdl

rndgfe (sjir WMOM 1 ftfu 6) onoprngmjsm fdljf jnkfgmfd ofkir fgvnrsn `frgmf` nvndt

(OF@N) gfbfo 01 efrm jurfdl gfrm 6%.

Cmbf tmgfj tnrsngmf pnonrmjsffd es-`WdW ftfu es-`WdM, pnonrmjsffd tripidmd W ftfu

tripidmd M yfdl dnlftmh pfgf sfft gftfdl gfd fdtfrf 0 sfopfm 8 kfo gfrm idsnt msjnomj

gfpft gmludfjfd cnrsfoffd gndlfd strftmhmjfsm rmsmji yfdl sfdlft rndgfe (WMOM sjir 1,

biw rmsj Xfd`iuvnr rubn, Dirte Fonrm`fd `enst pfmd s`irn 1, gfd usmf 2 >1 tfeud ftfu

ENFSW s`irn rmsmji rndgfe) gfpft onoprngmjsm jurfdl gfrm 6% OF@N gfbfo 01 efrm

5=
 Lfocfr <.8 Qnonrmjsffd ndzmo kfdtudl pfgf smdgrio jiridnr fjut

Wftfbfjsfdf uouo PJF

Pn`frf uouo, tftf bfjsfdf mdhfrj omijfrg fjut gndlfd PW nbnvfsm (MOF NPW) gfd

mdhfrj omijfrg fjut tfdpf PW nbnvfsm (MOF DNPW) efopmr sfof, cfmj prf ruofe sfjmt
ofupud sfft gm ruofe sfjmt. Qnrcngffd tnrgfpft pfgf strftnlm tnrfpm rnpnrhusm, gmofdf

MOF NPW bncme gmtnjfdjfd udtuj snlnrf onbfjujfd rnpnrhusm, cfmj gndlfd ongmjfondtisf

(hmcrmdibmsms) ftfu mdtnrvndsm (mdtnrvndsm jiridnr pnrjutfd - MJQ).

f. Wftfbfjsfdf Qrf Suofe Pfjmt

Wmdgfjfd-tmdgfjfd prf ruofe sfjmt gmbfjujfd ibne nonrlnd`y ongm`fb snrvm`n

(bfyfdfd lfwft gfrurft) sncnbuo pfsmnd tmcf gm ruofe sfjmt, cmfsfdyf gmbfjujfd gm

gfbfo focubfds. Cmbf gm`urmlfm PJF, snlnrf bfjujfd pnonrmjsffd NJL 63 sfgfpfd gfd

cnrmjfd pnocnrmtfeufd jn SP cmbf fgf rnd`fdf udtuj gmbfjujfd tmdgfjfd hmcrmdibmsms

ftfu MJQ prmonr.

Qnonrmjsffd NJL gndlfd pnocf`ffd ibne onsmd jioputnr tfdpf jidhmrofsm

gndlfd gijtnr ftfu pntulfs ongms tnrbftme tmgfj gmfdkurjfd ondlmdlft tmdllmdyf
tmdllm dyf efsmb

pnocf`ffd pismtmh pfbsu.

Wmdgfjfd yfdl gmbfjujfd pfgf bfyfdfd lfwft gfrurft fgfbfe;

• Oidmtirmdl, fofdjfd FC@ (fmrwfy,

(fmrwfy, crnftemdl, `mr`ubftmid).
`mr`ubftmid). Qnrsmfpjfd gmrm udtuj

onbfjujfd SKQ gfd gnhmcrmbfsm

=1

• Cnrmjfd fspmrmd. Qnrtmocfdljfd pnocnrmfd ijsmlnd, dmtrilbmsnrmd, gfd oirhmd kmjf

gmpnrbujfd

• Qnonrmjsffd NJL 63 sfgfpfd gfd mdtnrprntfsm. Kmjf tnrgfpft PW nbnvfsm,

mdhirofsmjfd ruofe sfjmt gfd `ftft wfjtu idsnt snrtf jidtfj pnrtfof gndlfd

tmo ongms

• Bfjujfd pnocnrmtfeufd jn SP udtuj onbfjujfd pnrsmfpfd pndnrmoffd pfsmnd

gndlfd PJF

Cmbf fjfd gmcnrmjfd hmcrmdibmtmj prf ruofe sfjmt, bfjujfd `en`jbmst jidtrfmdgmjfsm
hmc m bmtmj
 hmcrmdibmtmj

Fspmrmd gfpft gmcnrmjfd snsnlnrf oudljmd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd jn`urmlffd PJF

snemdllf gfpft gmcnrmjfd prf ruofe sfjmt sn`frf gmjudyfe gndlfd gisms 681 - 031 ol.

Pncnbuo onocnrmjfd fspmrmd, pfstmjfd tmgfj tnrgfpft fbnrlm fspmrmd pfgf pfsmnd.

c. Wftf Bfjsfdf Fwfb gm Suofe Pfjmt

6. Ijsmlnd

Qfgf pngiofd 3161, ijsmlnd gmcnrmjfd pfgf snouf pfsmnd gndlfd snsfj

dfpfs, tfdgf lflfb kfdtudl, syij, ftfu sfturfsm ijsmlnd 2=7%. Oidmtirmdl PpI
3

fjfd sfdlft cnrofdhfft udtuj ondlntfeum pnrbu tmgfjdyf gmcnrmjfd ijsmlnd pfgf

pfsmnd. Jidsndsus 316> onouft cncnrfpf pndgfpft yfdl onopnrsifbjfd

tndtfdl pnrbu tmgfjdyf tnrfpm ijsmlnd pfgf pfsmnd PJF gndlfd PpI3 yfdl dirofb.

Qngiofd 316> onrnjiondgfsmjfd udtuj onopnrtmocfdljfd pndudgffd tnrfpm

ijsmlnd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd jn`urmlffd ftfu tnrcujtm PJF gndlfd PpI3 yfdl

dirofb. Mdgmjfsm tnrfpm ijsmlnd fgfbfe pfgf jidgmsm;

▫ Qfsmnd gndlfd dynrm gfgf ondntfp ftfu cnrubfdl ftfu enoigmdfomj

tmgfj stfcmb

▫ Qfsmnd gndlfd tfdgf cndgudlfd pfru (lflfb kfdtudl fjut)

▫ Qfsmnd gndlfd sfturfsm ijsmlnd 2=1%

3. Fspmrmd

Fspmrmd gfpft ondurudjfd rnijbusm jiridnr gfd cnrubfdldyf jnkfgmfd msjnomj

sntnbfe tnrfpm hmcrmdibmtmj. Qndlludffd fspmrmd supismtirmf gfpft gmbfjujfd pfgf

pfsmnd gndlfd oufb, oudtfe, ubjus pnptmj, ftfu lfdllufd pfgf sfburfd

pnd`nrdffd ftfs. Gisms pnonbmefrffd 51-611 ol/efrm.

=6

Icft fdtm-mdhbfoftirmj did stnrimg (IFMDP) cfmj yfdl snbnjtmh ofupud

didsnbnjtmh tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd pfgf PJF snbfof gm SP jfrndf gfpft

ondmdljftjfd rmsmji jnoftmfd, rnmdhfrj, lflfb kfdtudl, empnrtndsm, gfd ruptur

omijfrg.

0. Dmtrft

Wfcbnt dmtrilbmsnrmd sucbmdlufb gfpft gmcnrmjfd sfopfm 0 jfbm gndlfd mdtnrvfb 0-

> ondmt kmjf tmgfj tnrgfpft jidtrfmdgmjfsm. Icft mdm tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd pfgf

m g e gm mj tmg j t cmb mt t j g e m t bmj =1 E

 pfsmnd gndlfd enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb yfmtu tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj 2=1 ooEl
ftfu 401 ooEl bncme rndgfe gfrm pnonrmjsffd tnjfdfd gfrfe fwfb (kmjf

gmbfjujfd), crfgmjfrgmf 2>1 x/ondmt ftfu tfjmjfrgmf 46>1x/ondmt tfdpf fgfdyf

lflfb kfdtudl, gfd fgfdyf mdhfrj vndtrmjnb jfdfd. Dmtrilbmsnrmd fgfbfe vndigmbftir

gfd pndlludffddyf efrus cnreftm-eftm pfgf jnfgffd pfsmnd yfdl ondlludfjfd

icft pndlefocft hishigmnstnrfsn (`idtie; smbgndfhmb) gfbfo wfjtu 237 kfo (75

kfo pfgf tfgfbfhmb). Gisms udtuj dmtrilbmsnrmd fgfbfe 711 omjrilrfo, sngfdljfd

MPGD fgfbfe > ol sn`frf sucbmdlufb.

7. Fdfblntmj

Fdfblntmj tnrpmbme pfgf pfsmnd PJF fgfbfe oirhmd. Qnocnrmfd oirhmd gmbfjujfd
kmjf tmgfj fgf rnspids tnrefgfp pnocnrmfd dmtrilbmsnrmd sucbmdlufb
sucbmdlufb ftfu snoprit.

Oirhmd onrupfjfd pndlicftfd yfdl `ujup pndtmdl pfgf PJF ibne jfrndf;

▫ Ondmocubjfd nhnj fdfblnsmj pfgf PPQ yfdl gfpft ondlurfdlm fjtmvfsm

dnurieuoirfb gfd ondyncfcjfd pnbnpfsfd jftnjibfomd

▫ Ondyncfcjfd vndigmbftfsm yfdl fjfd ondlurfdlm cncfd vndtrmjnb jmrm gfd

ondlurfdlm jncutuefd ijsmlnd

▫ Ondurudjfd tfefdfd vfsjubfr smstnomj, snemdllf ondlurfdlm fhtnrbifg

vndtrmjnb jmrm

▫ Onocfdtu rngmstrmcusm vibuon gfrfe pfgf ngnof pfru fjut

=3
 Lfocfr <.< Fblirmtof Pmdgriof Jiridnr Fjut
=0

Wftf bfjsfdf PW Nbnvfsm

6. Qndlnrtmfd

MOF NPW onrupfjfd mdgmjftir jnkfgmfd ijbusm titfb pnocubue gfrfe frtnrm jiridnr.

Jnfgffd mdm ononrbujfd tmdgfjfd rnvfsjubfrmsfsm udtuj ondlnocfbmjfd fbmrfd gfrfe

gfd rnpnrhusm omijfrg sn`npftdyf: sn`frf ongmjfondtisf ondlludfjfd flnd

hmcrmdibmtmj ftfu sn`frf onjfdms, mdtnrvndsm jiridnr pnrjutfd prmonr. Gmfldisms MOF
NPW gmtnlfjjfd kmjf tnrgfpft jnbuefd fdlmdf pnjtirms fjut gmsnrtfm nbnvfsm snlond PW

yfdl pnrsmstnd gm guf sfgfpfd yfdl cnrsncnbfefd. Mdmsmfsm tftf bfjsfdf rnvfsjubfrmsfsm
tmgfj ononrbujfd ondudllu efsmb pndmdljftfd ofrjf kfdtudl.

3. Wftfbfjsfdf
Wnrfpm rnpnrhusm pfgf MOF NPW onrupfjfd pnrjnocfdlfd yfdl sfdlft pndtmdl

gfbfo pndlicftfd pndyfjmt jfrgmivfsjubfr sfft mdm. Wnrfpm hmcrmdibmtmj snlnrf ftfu MJQ

prmonr sugfe onrupfjfd stfdgfr pndlicftfd pfsmnd MOF NPW yfdl idsnt snrfdlfd

ofsme gfbfo 63 kfo gfd tmgfj tnrgfpft jidtrfmdgmjfsm. Wnrfpm rnpnrhusm gfpft

ondynbfoftjfd hudlsm omijfrg gfd ondlurfdlm oirtfbmtfs. Pnofjmd pndgnj wfjtu

rnpnrhusm, ofdhfftdyf snofjmd cnsfr.

Wnrfpm Snpnrhusm pfgf MOF NPW

Snpnrhusm pfgf pfsmnd MOF NPW fjfd ondlnocfbmjfd fbmrfd jiridnr pfgf frtnrm

yfdl cnreucudlfd gndlfd frnf mdhfrj, ond`nlfe pnrbufsfd mdhfrj, gfd ondurudjfd

oirtfbmtfs kfdljf pfdkfdl. Hmcrmdibmsms cnrefsmb ondlnocfbmjfd fbmrfd dirofb jiridnr

pfgf >1-81% jfsus, sngfdljfd MJQ prmonr gfpft ondlnocfbmjfd fbmrfd dirofb sfopfm

=1% jfsus, gfd ofdhfft mdm bncme cnsfr gmgfpftjfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd syij

jfrgmilndmj. Wmdgfjfd MJQ kulf onombmjm rmsmji pnrgfrfefd mdtrfjrfdmfb gfd strijn yfdl

bncme rndgfe. Qfgf PJF gndlfd nbnvfsm snlond PW gfd BCCC cfru ftfu gulffd cfru,

sncnbuo onbfjujfd tnrfpm rnpnrhusm efrus gmbfjujfd nvfbufsm sncflfm cnrmjut;

Bfdljfe M

i Dmbfm wfjtu idsnt snrfdlfd

i Qnremtudljfd rmsmji MOF NPW

i Qnremtudljfd rmsmji hmcrmdibmsms

i \fjtu yfdl gmpnrbujfd gfrm trfdspirtfsm jnpfgf febm mdtnrvndsm (jftntnrmsfsm/MJQ)

yfdl tnrsngmf

=7

Bfdljfe MM

Gfbfo onbfjujfd pnombmefd strftnlm tnrfpm rnpnrhusm fgf cncnrfpf efb yfdl efrus

gmpnreftmjfd, fdtfrf bfmd idsnt PWNOM, fgf tmgfjdyf hfsmbmtfs mdtnrvndsm `iridnr

pnrjutfd (MJQ) gfd tndflf febm, jidtrfmdgmjfsm hmcrmdibmsms, gfd pfgf pfsmnd yfdl rmsmji

bncme tmdllm.
 Wfcnb <.0. Qnombmefd strftnlm tnrfpm rnpnrhusm (hmcrmdibmsms ftfu mdvfsmh)

Wnrfpm Hmcrmdibmsms Wnrfpm Mdvfsmh (MJQ)

• Idsnt 2 63 kfo (hmcrmdibmsms pfbmdl • Idsnt 2 63 kfo, sntnbfe idsnt 40 kfo MJQ

nhnjtmh kmjf gmbfjujfd pfgf idsnt 20 bncme nhnjtmh gfrmpfgf hmcrmdibmtmj

kfo) • Gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd sntnbfe idsnt

• Wmgfj fgf fjsns jn hfsmbmtfs MJQ (udtuj 463 kfo kmjf pfsmnd ofsuj jn gfbfo

onrukuj ononrbujfd wfjtu 4631 jrmtnrmf rmsmji tmdllm

ondmt) ftfu fjfd ondmocubjfd • Wnrsngmf febm MJQ

pndudgffd; i Jidtfj ongmj-cfbid ftfu giir-ti-

i
Jidtfj ongmj-cfbid (pfgf tmdgfjfd cfbbiid tmon 2 =1 ondmt
MJQ) ftfu giir-ti-cfbbiid tmon 4 =1 i (Giir-ti-cfbbiid tmon)
tmon) gmjurfdlm
ondmt (giir-ti-dnngbn tmon)
tmon) 2 6 kfo
i (Giir-ti-cfbbiid tmon)
tmon) gmjurfdlm • Wnrgfpft jidtrfmdgmjfsm hmcrmdibmsms,
(giir-ti-dnngbn tmon)
tmon) 4 6 kfo tnrofsuj rmsmji pnrgfrfefd tmdllm
• Wmgfj tnrgfpft jidtrfmdgmjfsm • PWNOM rmsmji tmdllm (@EH, Jmbbmp ≮ 0)
hmcrmdibmsms • Gmfldisms PWNOM gmrflujfd

*Qfgf pnombmefd strftnlm rnpnrhusm gmftfs, hmcrmdibmtmj onombmjm nhmjfsm yfdl sfof

cfmjdyf gndlfd MJQ prmonr gfbfo pnd`fpfmfd WMOM 0 hbiw pfgf frtnrm jiridnr yfdl
ondlfbfom suocftfd titfb fpfcmbf gmbfjujfd gndlfd idsnt 2 0 kfo

=>

Wnrfpm hmcrmdibmsms

Pncnbuo gmbfjujfd tmdgfjfd hmcrmdibmsms, pfsmnd efrus gmbfjujfd pnonrmjsffd fgf

tmgfjdyf jidtrfmdgmjfsm hmcrmdibmsms.

Wfcnb <.7. Jidtrfmdgmjfsm hmcrmdibmsms

 Wfcnb <.7. Jidtrfmdgmjfsm hmcrmdibmsms

Jidtrfmdgmjfsm Fcsibut Jidtrfmdgmjfsm Snbftmh

• Qnrgfrfefd mdtrfjrfdmfb jfpfdpud • Wnjfdfd gfrfe yfdl tmgfj tnrjidtrib

• Ptrijn msjnomj jurfdl gfrm 0 cubfd gfd • Wnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj 4651 ooEl

bncme gfrm 0 kfo gfd tnjfdfd gfrfe gmfstibmj 4661

• Wuoir mdtrfjrfdmfb ooEl

• Fgfdyf jnbfmdfd strujtur vfsjubfr • Smwfyft strijn msjnomj 40 cubfd,

snrncrfb gnondsmf

• Jn`urmlffd gmsnjsm firtf • Wrfuof ftfu SKQ bfof (461ondmt)

• Qnrgfrfefd mdtnrdfb fjtmh ftfu ftfu ipnrfsm cnsfr 2 0 cubfd

lfdllufd smstno pnocnjufd gfrfe • Qnrgfrfefd mdtnrdfb gfbfo 3-7

• @ngnrf jnpfbf tnrtutup ftfu `ngnrf omdllu

wfkfe gfbfo 0 cubfd tnrfjemr • Qndusujfd pnocubue gfrfe yfdl

submt gmbfjujfd pndnjfdfd

• Efomb

• ^bjus pnptmjuo

• Pngfdl ondlludfjfd fdtmjiflubfd

gndlfd MDS tmdllm

=8
 Lfocfr <.=. @njbms hmcrmdibmsms prf ruofe sfjmt

Qndlicftfd hmcrmdibmsms bncme fwfb (giir-grul

(giir-grul 201 ondmt) gfpft onocftfsm bufsdyf

mdhfrj, onopnrcfmjm hudlsm vndtrmjnb, gfd ondlurfdlm fdljf jnoftmfd. Kndms icft

hmcrmdibmsms gmcflm ondkfgm hmcrmd spnsmhmj (fbtnpbfsn, rntnpbfsn, tndn`tnpbfsn) gfd did-

hmcrmd-spnsmhmj (strnptijmdfsn). Gm Mdgidnsmf uouodyf yfdl tnrsngmf fgfbfe

strnptijmdfsn, gndlfd gisms pnocnrmfd sncnsfr 6,> kutf udmt, gmbfrutjfd gfbfo 611 ``

Df@b 1,=% ftfu gnxtrisn >%, gmcnrmjfd sn`frf mdhus snbfof 01 - 81 ondmt. Hmcrmdibmsms

cnrofdhfft udtuj gmcnrmjfd pfgf MOF NPW gndlfd idsnt 2 63 kfo gfd tmgfj fgf

jidtrfmdgmjfsm fcsibut gndlfd jrmtnrmf sncflfm cnrmjut; (6) PW nbnvfsm ftfu pnrjmrffd

BCCC cfru, (3) Mdhfrj omijfrg yfdl bufs,

b ufs, (0) Qfgf usmf ougf gndlfd rmsmji pnrgfrfefd

=<

mdtrfsnrncrfb yfdl bncme rndgfe. Pngfdljfd pfgf MOF NPW gndlfd idsnt snrfdlfd

fdtfrf 63 - 37 kfo ftfu mdhfrj jn`mb, ftfu pfsmnd 4<> tfeud, strftnlm mdm gmfdllfp jurfdl

cnrofdhfft. Hmcrmdibmsms oudljmd cnrcfefyf kmjf gmcnrmjfd pfgf (6) Gnprnsm snlond PW,
(3) Idsnt 4 37 kfo (0) Wnjfdfd gfrfe yfdl tmdllm (tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj 46<> ooEl).

Pnbfof gmbfjujfd hmcrmdibmsms, pndgnrmtf efrus gmoidmtir sn`frf jntft (cngsmgn

( cngsmgn).
).

Wfdgf vmtfb gfd NJL gm nvfbufsm sntmfp >-61 ondmt udtuj ondgntnjsm rmsmji hmcrmdibmsms

yfmtu; (6) Qnrgfrfefd, (3) Fbnrlm, (0) Empitndsm (7) Frmtomf rnpnrhusm: frmtomf rnpnrhusm
mdm sncndfrdyf fgfbfe sfbfe sftu tfdgf jncnrefsmbfd hmcrmdibmsms dfoud fpfcmbf frmtomf

rnpnrhusm yfdl tnrkfgm fgfbfe frmtomf ofbmldf sncflfm `idtie vndtrmjubfr tfjmjfrgmf

ofjf pnrbu gmbfjujfd pndfdlfdfd snlnrf.

Qndmbfmfd jncnrefsmbfd hmcrmdibmsms gmbfjujfd 81-=1 ondmt gmoubfm gfrm sfft icft

hmcrmdibmsms gmofsujjfd. Wfdgf jncnrefsmbfd hmcrmdibmsms fgfbfe (6) rnsibusm jiopbmt gfrm

dynrm gfgf (3) PW nbnvfsm ondurud 4 >1% (gmbmeft tnrutfof pfgf sfgfpfd gndlfd PW

nbnvfsm tnrtmdllm) (0). Fgfdyf frmtomf rnpnrhusm. Cmbf hmcrmdibmsms tmgfj cnrefsmb ofjf

pndgnrmtf sn`npftdyf efrus gmbfjujfd MJQ (rns`un

(rns`un pnr`utfdnius `iridfry

mdtnrvndtmid). Qfgf pngiofd FEF 316>, sntmfp pfsmnd yfdl tnbfe gmbfjujfd hmcrmdibmsms
mdtnrvndtmid).
gmfdkurjfd udtuj gmbfjujfd fdlmilrfhm gmdm gfbfo 0-8 kfo pnrtfof emdllf 37 kfo pfs`f

hmcrmdibmsms.

Wmdgfjfd Mdtnrvndsm Jiridnr Qnrjutfd Qrmonr (MJQQ)

Fdlmipbfstm jiridnr gndlfd ftfu tfdpf pnofsfdlfd stndt fgfbfe tnrfpm pmbmefd

pfgf tftf bfjsfdf MOF NPW cmbf gfpft gmbfjujfd jidtfj gi`tir-cfbbiid ftfu giir-

cfbbiid 2=1 ondmt pfgf pusft jnsneftfd yfdl onopudyfm hfsmbmtfs MJQ tnrbftme.

Qngiofd 316> onrnjiondgfsmjfd cfewf MJQ prmonr (Qrmofry

( Qrmofry Qnr`utfdnius

@iridfry Mdtnrvndtmid/QQ@M)
Mdtnrvndtmid/QQ@M) gfpft gmbfjujfd cmbf wfjtu gfrm idsnt jnbuefd jurfdl gfrm

63 kfo gfd wfjtu MJQQ gfrm jidtfj pnrtfof gndlfd tndflf jnsneftfd jurfdl gfrm 631

ondmt.

Snjiondgfsm pngiofd 316> yfdl cnreucudlfd gndlfd tmdgfjfd MJQQ;

6) Cmbfofdf tnrfpm hmcrmdibmsms prf ruofe sfjmt onoudljmdjfd udtuj gmbfjujfd

snbfof trfdshnr onduku SP gndlfd hfsmbmtfs MJQQ, ofjf bncme gmutfofjfd

udtuj ondlmrmo jn SP udtuj gmbfjujfd MJQQ gfrmpfgf hmcrmdibmsms, ibne jfrndf

=5

rmsmji pnrgfrfefd bncme jn`mb kmjf gmbfjujfd MJQQ, dfoud tmgfj tnrgfpft

pnrcngffd oirtfbmtfs fdtfrf jnguf strftnlm tnrsncut.

3) Q g m g b m MOF NPW gm m g SP
 3) Qfgf pfsmnd gnwfsf yfdl ondlfbfom MOF NPW gm udmt lfwft gfrurft SP tfdpf

hfsmbmtfs MJQ, gmsfrfdjfd flfr pfsmnd tnrsncut snlnrf gmpmdgfejfd tfdpf

hmcrmdibmsms jn ruofe sfjmt gndlfd hfsmbmtfs MJQ, cujfd gmcnrmjfd hmcrmdibmsms gm

SP fwfb gfd cujfd cfru gmbfjujfd pnomdgfefd udtuj gmbfjujfd MJQ ibne

jfrndf fgfdyf msjnomj rnsmgufb.

0) Jiocmdfsm tmdgfjfd hmcrmdibmsms gfeubu jnougmfd gmmjutm gndlfd gndlfd MJQQ

tmgfj gmfdkurjfd.

7) Kmjf tnbfe gmbfjujfd tnrfpm hmcrmdibmsms, pnrbu gmpnrtmocfdljfd udtuj

ondlmrmo pfsmnd jn SP gndlfd hfsmbmtfs MJQ udtuj gmbfjujfd fdlmilrfhm

jiridnr gfbfo 0-37 kfo.

>) Kmjf wfjtu idsnt lnkfbf yfdl tmocub gmjntfeum, mdtnrvfb fdtfrf jidtfj

pnrtfof gndlfd pntulfs ongms (hmrst ongm`fb `idtf`t) gfd rnpnrhusm efrus

tmgfj bncme gfrm 631 ondmt.

8) Qfgf MOF NPW gndlfd idsnt 3 kfo, hmcrmdibmsms snlnrf bncme gmrnjiondgfsmjfd
gmcfdgmdl MJQQ cmbf gmpnrjmrfjfd jntnrbfocftfd udtuj MJQ prmonr bncme gfrm

81 ondmt.

<) Cmbf pfsmnd MOF NPW tmgfj gfpft gmrukuj jn SP yfdl onombmjm hfsmbmtfs MJQ tnpft

wfjtu, ofjf sncflfm fbtnrdftmh tnrfpm hmcrmdibmtmj gmcnrmjfd jnougmfd pfsmnd

gmrukuj jn hfsmbmtfs MJQ udtuj fdlmilrfhm jiridnr rutmd.

5) Wmdgfjfd mdvfsmh snlnrf gmbfjujfd pfgf pfsmnd PJF tfdpf nbnvfsm snlond PW

gndlfd rmsmji tmdllm gfd sfdlft tmdllm.

=) Fdlmilrfhm jiridnr nonrlndsm snlnrf gfpft gmbfjujfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd

IE@F (Iut-ih-Eispmtfb
(Iut-ih-Eispmtfb @frgmf` Frrnst) gndlfd jn`urmlffd pndyncfc gfrm
kfdtudl ftfu nbnvfsm snlond PW pfgf NJL

61) Fdlmilrfhm jiridnr nonrlndsm kulf gmbfjujfd pfgf pfsmnd jiof sntnbfe

IE@F yfdl gm`urmlfm pndyncfcdyf gfrm kfdtudl tfdpf wfbfu tfdpf

gmgfpftjfd nbnvfsm snlondt PW.

66) Fdlmilrfhm jiridnr gmfdkurjfd pfgf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl cfmj jiof

ofupud sfgfr.

==

Wftf bfjsfdf PJF did-PW Nbnvfsm

F Qndlnrtmfd
F. Qndlnrtmfd

Gmfldisms MOF-DNPW gfd fdlmdf pnjtirms tmgfj stfcmb (FQWP) gmtnlfjjfd kmjf tnrgfpft

jnbuefd fdlmdf pnjtirms fjut tfdpf nbnvfsm snlond PW yfdl pnrsmstnd gm guf sfgfpfd

yfdl cnrsncnbfefd. Snjfofd NJL sfft prnsndtfsm gfpft cnrupf gnprnsm snlond PW,

mdvnrsm lnbiocfdl W, lnbiocfdl W yfdl gftfr, lnbiocfdl W psnugi-dirofbmzftmid

psnugi-dirofbmzftmid,,

ftfu cfejfd tfdpf pnrucfefd (Lfocfr 6). FQWP gfd MOF DNPW gmcngfjfd cnrgfsfrjfd

jnkfgmfd mdhfrj omijfrg yfdl gmtfdgfm gndlfd pndmdljftfd ndzmo kfdtudl.

C. Wftfbfjsfdf

Fdlmdf pnjtirms tmgfj stfcmb (FQWP) gfd MOF DNPW fgfbfe tnrofsuj spnjtruo PJF

tfdpf PW nbnvfsm. Jndfmjfd ndzmo kfdtudl onocngfjfd fdtfrf MOF DNPW gndlfd FQWP.

Gmfldisms PJF DPWN cfmj FQWP ofupud MOF DNPW efrus gmbfjujfd sn`frf tnrmdtnlrfsm

gndlfd strftmhmjfsm rmsmji. Wukufd utfof gfrm strftmhmjfsm rmsmji fgfbfe udtuj

ondlmgndtmhmjfsm pfsmnd yfdl pfgf pnonrmjsffd fwfb tfdpf prihmb rmsmji tmdllm tntfpm

gmgfpftjfd PJF gfd QKJ smldmhmjfd pfgf prisns gmfldistmj. Ptrftmhmjfsm rmsmji
onougfejfd gijtnr onbfjujfd sjrmdmdl pfsmnd yfdl fjfd ondgfpftjfd ofdhfft

gndlfd tftf bfjsfdf PJF gfd ondlemdgfrm prisngur gfd pndlicftfd yfdl tmgfj

gmpnrbujfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd rmsmji sfdlft rndgfe. Ptrftmhmjfsm rmsmji gmbfjujfd udtuj

onoprngmjsm tnrkfgmdyf ofkir fgvnrsn `frgmf` nvndt (OF@N) cfmj snlnrf sfft

pnrfwftfd, kfdljf ondndlfe ofupud kfdljf pfdkfdl. Ptrftmhmjfsm rmsmji gfpft kulf

ondkfgm f`ufd udtuj onbfjujfd tmdgfjfd mdvfsmh gmdm pfgf PJF tfdpf PW nbnvfsm. Pnbfmd

pfrfontnr jbmdms snpnrtm enoigmdfomj gfd frmtomf, strftmhmjfsm rmsmji gfpft gmbfjujfd

gndlfd cncnrfpf sjir snpnrtm WMOM gfd LSF@N.

^dtuj strftmhmjfsm rmsmji tmdllm gfd sfdlft tmdllm pnrbu snlnrf gmbfjujfd
rnvfsjubfrmsfsm cnrupf fdlmilrfhm gfd mdtnrvndsm jiridnr. Jrmtnrmf strftmhmjfsm rmsmji

gmtfopmbjfd pfgf tfcnb <.6. \fjtu pnombmefd strftnlm mdvfsmh gmtfopmbjfd pfgf tfcnb

<.3.

611

Wfcnb <.6. Ptrftmhmjfsm rmsmji pfgf PJF tfdpf PW nbnvfsm

Jrmtnrmf rmsmji sfdlft tmdllm

• Enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb ftfu syij jfrgmilndmj

• Dynrm gfgf yfdl sngfdl tnrkfgm ftfu cnrubfdl yfdl rnhrfjtnr tnrefgfp

icft

• Frmtomf yfdl ondlfd`fo dyfwf ftfu endtm kfdtudl

• Jiopbmjfsm onjfdmj mdhfrj omijfrgmuo

• Lflfb kfdtudl fjut

• Qnrucfefd gmdfomj PW-W cnrubfdl, tnrutfof cmbf nbnvfsm snlond PW

pnrsmstnd

Jrmtnrmf rmsmji tmdllm

• Qndurudfd ftfu pndmdljftfd tripidmd kfdtudl snsufm gndlfd mdhfrj

omijfrgmuo

• Qnrucfefd gmdfomj PW ftfu lnbiocfdl W (smotioftmj ftfu

fsmotioftmj)

• Pjir LSF@N 4671

Jrmtnrmf rmsmji sngfdl

• Gmfcntns onbbmtus

• Mdsuhmsmndsm lmdkfb (nLHS 2 81 oB/ondmt/6.<0 o3)

• BXNH 2 71% ftfu lflfb kfdtudl jidlnstmh

• Fdlmdf gmdm pfs`f mdhfrj

• Smwfyft MJQ sncnbuodyf

• Smwfyft ipnrfsm @iridfry Frtnry Cypfss Lrfht (@FCL) sncnbuodyf

•
Pjir LSF@N 461= gfd 2671
Jrmtnrmf rmsmji rndgfe

Jrmtnrmf yfdl tmgfj gmsncutjfd gm ftfs

616
 Wfcnb <.3. Qnombmefd strftnlm mdvfsmh gmdm pfgf PJF tfdpf PW Nbnvfsm

Wmdgfjfd mdvfsmh • Fdlmdf rnhrfjtnr

snlnrf (gfbfo 3 • Wfdgf gfd lnkfbf lflfb kfdtudl ftfu rnlurlmtfsm
kfo) omtrfb cfru ftfu pnrcurujfd

• Enoigmdfomj tmgfj stfcmb

• Fdlmdf ftfu msjnomf rnjurnd wfjtu mstmrfeft

onsjmpud gmbfjujfd tnrfpm mdtndsmh

• XW ondntfp ftfu XH

Ptrftnlm gmpfdgu • Pjir rmsmji rndgfe (omsfbdyf WMOM 1 ftfu 6, LSF@N

msjnomf 261=). Qfsmnd pnrnopufd rmsmji rndgfe gndlfd

tripidmd dnlftmh

• Qmbmefd pfsmnd ftfu jbmdmsm pfgf pfsmnd cujfd rmsmji

tmdllm

Wmdgfjfd mdvfsmh gmdm • Cujfd sfbfe sftu gm ftfs, tntfpm sjir LSF@N 4 671

(gfbfo 37 kfo) Qnrucfefd tnopirfb pfgf bnvnb tripidmd

• Gnprnsm snlond PW cfru ftfu gmpnrjmrfjfd cfru

Wmdgfjfd mdvfsmh • Cujfd sfbfe sftu gm ftfs tntfpm ondgnrmtf

tnrtudgf (gfbfo 3>- gmfcntns onbbmtus
<3 kfo) • Mdsuhmsmndsm lmdkfb (LHS 281 oB/ondmt/6.<3 o 3)

• Qndurudfd hudlsm smstibmj BX (NH 21.71)

• Fdlmdf gmdm pfs`f mdhfrj

• Smwfyft MJQ gfbfo 8 cubfd tnrfjemr

• Smwfyft ipnrfsm @FCL sncnbuodyf

•
Pjir LSF@N 61=-671: WMOM s`irn 4?3

613
i

Lfocfr <.5. Qnombmefd strftnlm gfd wfjtu tnrfpm cnrgfsfrjfd strftmhmjfsm rmsmji fwfb
pfgf PJF tfdpf PW nbnvfsm

610
SNHNSNDPM

6. @fddid @Q gfd Crfudwfbg N, ^dstfcbn Fdlmdf fdg Did-PW nbnvftmid oyi`frgmfb

mdhfr`tmid. Gfbfo Bmccy Q, Cidiw SI, Ofdd GB, [mpns GQ, Crfudwfbg N. Enfrt
E nfrt Gmsnfsn;

F Wnxtciij ih @frgmivfs`ubfr Ongm`mdn. 5te ng. Pfudgnrs Nbsnvmnr. 3115; >0: 606=-

>6.

3. NP@ @ioomttnn hir Qrf`tm`n Lumgnbmdns. Lumgnbmdns hir Wen Gmfldisms fdg Wrnftondt
ih Did-PW Nbnvftmid F`utn @iridfry Pydgirons. 311<

0. Lrucc DS, Dnwcy GN. @frgmibily md F`utn @iridfry Pydgrion. Qi`jnt Ciij

@frgmibily. 3dg ng. Nbsnvmnr. 3118;>: =6-603.

7. I”@iddir, S. N., Cissfnrt, B., Frdtz, E. S., Criijs, P. @., Gmnr`js, G., Hnmtisf-Hmbei,
Hnmtisf -Hmbei, L.,

... & \nbshirg, O. (3161). F`utn @iridfry Pydgrion @efptnr @ibbfcirftirs. Qfrt =;

f`utn `iridfry sydgrions; 3161 mdtnrdftmidfb `idsndsus id `frgmipuboidfry

rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn s`mnd`n wmte trnftondt

rn`ioondgftmids. @mr`ubftmid, 633(68 suppb 3), P733-P78>.

>. \nbshirg, O., Dmjibfiu, D. M., Cnylum, H., Cissfnrt, B., Lefnooflefom, @., Didilm, E.,
... & \iibhrny, J. L. (316>). Qfrt >; f`utn `iridfry sydgrions; 316> mdtnrdftmidfb

`idsndsus id `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn

s`mnd`n wmte trnftondt rn`ioondgftmids. @mr`ubftmid, 603(68YsuppbY6), P678-P6<8.

8. Fostnrgfo, N. F., \ndlnr, D. J., Crmdgms, S. L., @fsny, G. N., Lfdmfts, W. L., Eibons,

G. S., ... & Bnvmdn, L. D. (3167). 3167 FEF/F@@ lumgnbmdn hir ten ofdflnondt ih

pftmndts wmte did‐PW-nbnvftmid

‐PW-nbnvftmid f`utn `iridfry sydgrions; nxn`utmvn suoofry; f

rnpirt ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily/Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Wfsj Hir`n

id Qrf`tm`n Lumgnbmdns. Kiurdfb ih ten Fonrm`fd `ibbnln ih `frgmibily, 87(37), 387>-

385<.

<. I'Lfrf, Q. W., Jusednr, H. L., Fs`enmo, G. G., @fsny, G. N., @eudl, O. J., Gn Bnois, K.

F., ... & Lrfdlnr, @. C. (3160). 3160 F@@H/FEF lumgnbmdn hir ten ofdflnondt ih PW-

nbnvftmid oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid; nxn`utmvn suoofry; f rnpirt ih ten Fonrm`fd

@ibbnln ih @frgmibily Hiudgftmid/Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Wfsj Hir`n id Qrf`tm`n

Lumgnbmdns. Kiurdfb ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily, 86(7), 75>->61.

5. Dmjibfiu, D. M., Frdtz, E. S., Cnbbiu, F., Cnylum, H., Cissfnrt, B. B., & @frmiu, F. (316>).

Nuripnfd rnsus`mtftmid `iud`mb lumgnbmdns hir rnsus`mtftmid 316> sn`tmid 5. Mdmtmfb

617
 ofdflnondt ih f`utn `iridfry sydgrions. Snsus`mtftmid.-Bmonrm`j, 6=<3, `urrnds,

=>, 387-3<<.

=. Xfd gn \nrh, H., & Ptfhh, N. P. @. (3115). N

NP@
P@ Lumgnbmdns id ten ofdflnondt ih f`utn

oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid md pftmndts prnsndtmdl wmte PWNOM. Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 3=,

3=1=-3=7>.

61. Ptnl, Q. L., & Kfons, P. (3163). 3163 NP@ Lumgnbmdns id f`utn oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid
(PWNOM). Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 00, 3>16-3>13.

66. Mcfdnz, C., Kfons, P., Flnwfbb, P., Fdtudns, O. K., Cu``mfrnbbm-Gu``m, @., Cundi, E., ... &

Emdgrm`js, L. (316<). 316< NP@ Lumgnbmdns hir ten ofdflnondt ih f`utn oyi`frgmfb

mdhfr`tmid md pftmndts prnsndtmdl wmte PW-snlondt nbnvftmid; Wen Wfsj Hir`n hir ten

ofdflnondt ih f`utn oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid md pftmndts prnsndtmdl wmte PW-snlondt

nbnvftmid ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih @frgmibily (NP@). Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 0=(3),

66=-6<<.

63. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S., Emrs`e, J.

L., ... & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn Puppirt; 3131
Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg

Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid, 673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗‗

61>
 CFC XMMM

WFWFBFJPFDF JNLF\FWFD PMSJ^BFPM

(EMQIWNDPM, P]IJ, NGNOF QFS^ FJ^W)

F. Qndgfeubufd
Qndlntfeufd ondgfsfr tndtfdl tnjfdfd gfrfe, hfjtir-hfjtir yfdl onopndlfruem

tnjfdfd gfrfe, hudlsm hmsmibilms piopf kfdtudl, msm snjud`up gfd `urfe kfdtudl gmpnrbujfd

udtuj ondnbffe ofsfbfe pfsmnd, onocuft pndmbfmfd jidgmsm pfsmnd snrtf onbfjujfd

pndftfbfjsfdffd yfdl tnpft gfbfo wfjtu smdljft gfd jidgmsm yfdl submt cfejfd jfgfdl

onrflujfd. Qfsmnd gndlfd tnjfdfd gfrfe yfdl rndgfe ftfu empitndsm (smstibmj gm cfwfe

611 ooEl) snrmdl gmkuopfm gm udmt lfwft gfrurft. Pnlnrf `frm fpfjfe tnrgfpft tfdgf-

tfdgf pndurudfd pnrhusm jn kfrmdlfd yfdl gfpft cnrbfdkut jn frfe jnlflfbfd pnrhusm

kfrmdlfd, sncnrfpf cnrft jidgmsm

ji dgmsm pndgnrmtf, snrtf usfef yfdl tnpft udtuj ondlftfsmdyf.

Fpfcmbf tfdgf jnlflfbfd pnrhusm kfrmdlfd sugfe oud`ub cnrfrtm pfsmnd gfbfo jidgmsm syij.

C. Wftf bfjsfdf empitndsm gfd syij

f. Wftfbfjsfdf empitndsm

Qndlnrtmfd empitndsm
Empitndsm fgfbfe jnfgffd tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj gmcfwfe 611 ooEl. Empitndsm

tmgfj snbfbu gmsnrtfm gndlfd syij/lfdllufd pnrhusm. Pfdlft pndtmdl udtuj

onocngfjfd empitndsm gndlfd empitndsm yfdl gmsnrtfm tfdgf syij.

Wftfbfjsfdf
Gfbfo ondftfbfjsfdf empitndsm, efrus gmpfefom ofsfbfe utfof pfgf pfsmnd

fgfbfe ofsfbfe jnbfmdfd mrfof (bfku kfdtudl tnrbfbu `npft/bfocft), ofsfbfe vibuon

ftfu ofsfbfe piopf. Empitndsm yfdl gmsnrtfm gndlfd tfjmjfrgm njstrmo (bfku dfgm

46>1x/ondmt) ftfu crfgmjfrgm njstrmo (bfku dfgm 2>1x/ondmt) ofjf gmbfjujfd

tftfbfjsfdf snsufm fblirmton tfjmjfrgmf/crfgmjfrgmf (bmeft oigub crfgmjfrgm gfd

tfjmjfrgm). Kmjf tmgfj gmgfpftjfd jnbfmdfd bfku kfdtudl yfdl njstrmo, bfjujfd ukm `fmrfd

udtuj ondmbfm stftus vibuon kfdtudl gfd ondliptmofbmsfsm vibuon mdtrfvfsjubnr gfd

tnjfdfd pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb jmrm. Cmbf pfsmnd sugfe tmgfj rnspid gndlfd pnocnrmfd

`fmrfd gfd ofsme gfbfo jidgmsm empitndsm, gfpft gmcnrmjfd gicutfomd grmp 3-31

βl/jlCC/ondmt kmjf tmgfj gmtnoujfd tfdgf-tfdgf syij.

618
c. Wftfbfjsfdf syij

Qndlnrtmfd syij

Pyij fgfbfe juopubfd lnkfbf fjmcft pnrhusm snbubfr tmgfj ond`ujupm gfd pfsijfd

I3 tmgfj `ujup ononduem jncutuefd ontfcibmj yfdl gfpft gmsncfcjfd ibne cncnrfpf

efb gndlfd lfocfrfd jbmdms yfdl cnrvfrmfsm

Wfdgf gfd lnkfbf syij

Ofdmhnstfsm jbmdms tnrlfdtudl pndyfjmt gfsfr gfd onjfdmson jiopndsfsm yfdl

tnrkfgm, omsfbdyf;

• Qndmdljftfd tfefdfd vfsjubfr pnrmhnr; jubmt pu`ft gfd gmdlmd, ibmlurmf

• Widus sfrfh fgrndnrlmj ondmdljft ondyncfcjfd tfjmjfrgm udtuj

ondmdljftjfd `urfe kfdtudl, jnrmdlft cfdyfj, `nofs, oufb, oudtfe ftfu

gmfrn

• Empipnrhusm irlfd vmtfb cnrupf msjnomf omijfrgmuo gmtfdgfm dynrm gfgf gfd

ftfu snsfj dfpfs, mdsuhmsmndsm snrncrfb gmtfdgfm gndlfd pndurudfd jnsfgfrfd

Jbfsmhmjfsm syij

Pyij gfpft gmcflm ondkfgm cncnrfpf kndms, yfmtu;

6. Pyij jfrgmilndmj

Pyij yfdl pndyncfc prmonrdyf fgfbfe lfdllufd jmdnrkf kfdtudl. Jmdnrkf

kfdtudl gmtndtujfd ibne;

• Jnofopufd snb omijfrg udtuj onoiopf gndlfd `frf onofdkfdl

pfgf hfsn pndlmsmfd (gmfstibmj) gfd onondgnj pfgf hfsn pndlisidlfd

(smstibmj),

• Xibuon gfrfe gfd tnjfdfd yfdl gmfbfom vndtrmjnb pfgf hfsn fjemr

pndlmsmfd (prnbifg) gfd

• Wfefdfd yfdl efrus gmbfwfd vndtrmjnb udtuj pndlisidlfd (fhtnrbifg

(fhtnrbifg)

• Hrnjundsm jidtrfjsm: ondndtujfd kuobfe gfrfe yfdl gfpft gmpiopf

gfbfo snondmt (`urfe kfdtudl).

3. Pyij empivibnomj

Onrupfjfd pndyncfc pfbmdl snrmdl syij gfd empitndsm: cmsf fjmcft

jnjurfdlfd `fmrfd fcsibut (omsfbdyf gmfrn, oudtfe, pnrgfrfefd ofsmh) ftfu

njstrfvfsfsm (omsfbdyf syij gndlun).

0. Pyij gmstrmcutmh

61<
 Witfb `fmrfd tucue tmgfj cnrjurfdl, tfpm vibuon mdtrfvfsjubfr rnbftmh tmgfj

snmocfdl gndlfd jfpfsmtfs vfsjubfr, omsfbdyf pfgf syij fdfhmbfjsms, syij

snptmj gfd syij dnurilndmj.

7. Pyij fjmcft Icstrujsm fbmrfd

Omsfbdyf pfgf nocibm pfru, tfopidfgn (nhusm pnrmjfrgmuo), stndisms jftup

omtrfb ftfu firtf.

Wftfbfjsfdf syij
Gfbfo ondftfbfjsfdf syij, efrus gmpfefom ofsfbfe utfof pfgf pfsmnd fgfbfe

ofsfbfe jnbfmdfd mrfof (bfku kfdtudl tnrbfbu `npft/bfocft), ofsfbfe vibuon ftfu

ofsfbfe piopf.

Ofsfbfe bfku mrfof kfdtudl

Wndtujfd fpfjfe hrnjundsm dfgm njstrmo `npft (tfjmjfrgm 46>1x/ondmt) ftfu njstrmo

bfocft (crfgmjfrgm 2>1x/ondmt). Crfgm-tfjmjfrgmf gfpft snlnrf gmjntfeum gndlfd

onrfcf dfgm gfd onbmeft oidmtir NJL. Wndtujfd kndms mrfof (crfgmjfrgm fjmcft cbij

FX, tfjmfrmtomf ftrmfb ftfu vndtrmjubfr). Cmbf ofsfbfe puop

puop,, vibuon gfd rnsmstndsm

cnbuo knbfs, ofjf yfdl pnrtfof gmftfsm fgfbfe rftn

rftn.. Bfjujfd tftf bfjsfdf tfjmjfrgmf

gfd crfgmjfrgmf snsufm fblirmtof. Qfsmnd empitndsm gndlfd tfdgf fwfb empipnrhusm gfd

crfgmjfrgmf efrus gmcnrm icft udtuj ondmdljftjfd rftn ftfu pnofsfdlfd pf`u kfdtudl

sncnbuo onocnrmjfd ukm `fmrfd ( hbumg `efbbndln),

`efbbndln), mditripmj ftfu vfsiprnsir.

Ofsfbfe vibuon

Cnrmjfd `fmrfd mdhus, trfdshusm gfrfe, ftfsm pndyncfc gfd pnrtmocfdljfd

vfsiprnsir. Fgf 3 of`fo pricbno vibuon yfjdm;

6. Empivibnomf fcsibut

Jnjurfdlfd `fmrfd fjmcft embfdldyf `fmrfd tucue, omsfbdyf pnrgfrfefd,

oudtfe, gmfrn, pibmurmf, pndlufpfd cnrbncmefd, gnemgrfsm

3. Empivibnomf rnbftmh

Xibuon smrjubfsm cnrjurfdl rnbftmh, tmgfj fgf jnembfdlfd `fmrfd dfoud

jfpfsmtfs vfsjubfr ondmdljft (vfsigmbftfsm ftfu cnrpmdgfedyf `fmrfd smrjubfsm

jn rufdl ‒jntmlf‟) snemdllf tnrkfgm empivibnomf

615
 Cmbf knbfs fgf jnembfdlfd `fmrfd tucue, ofjf pmbmefd pnrtfof fgfbfe ononduem

vibuon mdtrfvfsjubfr. Cmbf vibuon sugfe gm`ujupm gfd tnjfdfd gfrfe ofsme rndgfe,

gfpft gmcnrmjfd gmcnrmjfd vfsiprnsir. Icft vfsifjtmh yfdl gfpft gmcnrmjfd udtuj

ondlftfsm vfsigmbftfsm fgfbfe;

Pyij snpsms ; dirnpmdnhrmd, gicutfomd cmbf onocutuejfd mditripmj

• Pyij fdfhmbfjsms ; npmdnhrmd, dirnpmdnhrmd, gipfomd, hndmbnhrmd

• Jnrf`udfd cntf cbi`jnr ; npmdnhrmd, ftripmdn, lbujflid, gipfomd,

msipritnrndib

• Jnrf`udfd fbhf-cbi`jnr ; npmdnhrmd, dirnpmdnhrmd

Ofsfbfe vibuon pfgf syij snrmdl tnrsfofr: cmfsfdyf tnrkfgm empivibnomf rnbftmh

fjmcft vfsigmbftfsm. Gnomjmfd pubf pfgf ofsfbfe rftn gfd puop

puop.. Jbmdmsm efrus wfspfgf

pfgf empivibnomf gndlfd vfsigmbftfsm, gfd onocnrmjfd hbumg `efbbndln cmbf `urmlf fgf

empivibnomf. Pn`frf uouo prmirmtfs pnrtfof fgfbfe onocnrmjfd `fmrfd pndllfdtm,

sngfdljfd vfsiprnsir onofmdjfd pnrfd snjudgnr dfoud pndtmdl pfgf jfsus

vfsigmbftfsm. Kfdlfd onocnrm vfsiprnsir tfdpf ondlftfsm jnjurfdlfd `fmrfd bncme

gubu ftfu gmcnrmjfd cnrsfoffd. Qnocnrmfd icft vfsiprnsir sfkf gfpft ondmocubjfd

lflfb kfdtudl gfd onduruddyf hudlsm enoigmdfomj jeususdyf pfgf jfsus msjnomf

omijfrg.

Ofsfbfe piopf/jidtrfjtmbmtfs kfdtudl

Qndyncfc lflfb piopf efrus snlnrf gmjndfbm flfr upfyf pndlicftfd yfdl tnpft,

`npft, gm sfft yfdl jrmtms gfpft gmcnrmjfd. Qndyncfc tnrcfdyfj fgfbfe jnlflfbfd hudlsm

vndtrmjnb jmrm yfdl gmsncfcjfd mdhfrj omijfrg fjut. Juopubjfd gftf sucknjtmh snpnrtm

hfjtir rmsmji jfrgmivfsjubfr, rmwfyft sfjmt kfdtudl, strijn ftfu pndyfjmt lmdkfb gfd

tndtujfd strftmhmjfsm rmsmji. Gftf icknjtmh onbmputm pnonrmjsffd hmsmj: oudljmd gmkuopfm

mjtus cnrpmdgfe fjmcft jfrgmionlfbm, lfbbip, frmtomf, cmsmdl kfdtudl, Hiti pibis gfgf

tfopfj jfrgmionlfbm gfd ftfu ngnof pfru, NJL ondudkujjfd pndyfjmt kfdtudl

jiridnr ftfu empnrtndsm. Qnrtmocfdljfd pnonrmjsffd njijfrgmilrfhm snlnrf kmjf pnrbu.

Mdlft, snouf pfsmnd syij gfpft kftue jn pricbno puop cmbf smrjubfsm tmgfj gfpft

ononduem jncutuefd I3, lubf gfd FWQ kfrmdlfd. ]fdl gmpnrbujfd pfsmnd lflfb piopf

fgfbfe;

61=
 • Qndlicftfd cnrsfof iptmofbmsfsm rftn (ftfsm ofsfbfe mrfof kfdtudl

tnrutfof tfjmjfrgm gfd crfgmjfrgm njstrmo) gfd iptmofbmsfsm vibuon

mdtrfvfsjubfr gfd tnjfdfd pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb jmrm.

• Jirnjsm pricbno gfsfr snpnrtm empijsmf, empilbmjnom, ivnrgisms icft/rf`ud.

•
Onopnrcfmjm jidtrfjtmbmtfs kfdtudl (gipfomd, gicutfomd, mditripmj bfmd),
vfsigmbftir udtuj ondlurfdlm tfefdfd vfsjubfr smstnomj (fhtnrbifg
( fhtnrbifg), gmurntmj

gfd vndigmbftir udtuj ondlurfdlm prnbifg (cncfd pndlmsmfd), fbft cfdtu

smrjubfsm onjfdmj (Mdtrf

(Mdtrf Firtm` Cfbbiid Quop- MFCQ)
MFCQ) ftfu ipnrfsm jirnjsm.

Qfgf pfsmnd syij jfrgmilndmj gfd ngnof pfru efrus gmpmjmrjfd jncutuefd tnjfdfd

pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb jmrm yfdl iptmofb. Qnocnrmfd `fmrfd mdtrfvndf cnrtukufd

ondliptmofbjfd tnjfdfd pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb jmrm tnrbncme gfeubu. Qfgf jfsus lfwft,

pnocnrmfd Df@b 1.=% 3-7 oB/jlCC (gmfwfbm 6>1

6> 1 oB) gfbfo wfjtu smdljft gfpft gm`icf

(ukm `fmrfd). Cmbf mdhus fwfb onocnrm gfopfj pnrcfmjfd snpnrtm ondmdljftdyf tnjfdfd
gfrfe gfd onduruddyf gndyut kfdtudl, ofjf pnocnrmfd `fmrfd gfpft gmbfdkutjfd >11

ob gfbfo 6 kfo cnrmjutdyf. Cmbf pfsmnd tmgfj rnspid gndlfd pnocnrmfd `fmrfd,

snrmdljfbm gmcutuejfd icft-icftfd mditripmj ftfu vfsiprnssir.

Empitndsm tfdpf gmsnrtfm lnkfbf-lnkfbf gfd tfdgf-tfdgf syij

Pntnbfe ondliptmofbjfd tnjfdfd pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb gndlfd pnocnrmfd `fmrfd

jrmstfbimg, dfoud tmgfj bflm cnrnspid, ofjf pfsmnd snrmdljfbm onocutuejfd tfocfefd

mditripmj. Cmbf tmgfj gmsnrtfm tfdgf-tfdgf syij (fjrfb gmdlmd, pnofdkfdlfd wfjtu

pndlmsmfd jfpmbnr43 gntmj), icft mditripmj pmbmefd yfdl gmcnrmjfd fgfbfe gicutfomd,
gndlfd gisms 3-31 o`l/jlCC/ondmt. Wmtrfsm emdllf tnrkfgm tnjfdfd frtnrm rnrftf 48>

ooEl sfocmb mgndtmhmjfsm gfd ftfsm pndyncfc ofsfbfe piopf tnrsncut. Gicutfomd

tmgfj cibne gmcnrmjfd sncflfm icft tudllfb pfgf tnjfdfd gfrfe gm cfwfe =1 ooEl

gmsnrtfm lnkfbf syij.

Empitndsm gmsnrtfm lnkfbf-lnkfbf gfd tfdgf-tfdgf syij

Jidgmsm mdm onombmjm fdljf jnoftmfd tmdllm. Iptmofbjfd tnjfdfd pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb

gndlfd ukm `fmrfd tnrbncme gfeubu. Cmbf pnocnrmfd `fmrfd sugfe tmgfj cnrnspid gfd

pfsmnd ofsme gfbfo empitndsm gfd gmsnrtfm tfdgf-tfdgf syij, ofjf gmcutuejfd icft-

661
icftfd vfsiprnssir (vfsijidstrmjtir). Dirnpmdnhrmd 1,6-1,> o`l/jlCC/ondmt mdtrfvndf

onopudyfm nhnj vfsiprnssir juft yfdl ondkfgm pmbmefd utfof pfgf jidgmsm empitndsm

gmsnrtfm syij. Gipfomd gisms >-31 o`l/jlCC/ondmt gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd sncflfm

vfsiprnssir sncflfm fbtnrdftmh dirnpmdnhrmd pfgf tnrutfof pfgf syij gndlfd bfku

hrnjundsm dfgm yfdl rndgfe (2>1x/ondmt) ftfu empitndsm yfdl gmsnrtfm crfgmjfrgmf
njstrmo. Gipfomd onombmjm rmsmji tnrkfgmdyf frmtomf bncme tmdllm gfrmpfgf dirnpmdnhrmd.

Qfgf syij yfdl ondynrtfm smdgriof jiridnr fjut efrus gmpmjmrjfd rnpnrhusm

jiridnr snlnrf, gfpft cnrupf fdlmilrfhm-mdtnrvndsm ( pnr`utfdnius `iridfry

mdtnrvndtmid))
mdtnrvndtmid gfd gmpnrtmocfdljfd pnofsfdlfd cfdtufd smrjubfsm onjfdmj

(`idtiedyf Mdtrf Firtm` Cfbbid Quop)

Quop) cmbf fwfb lnkfbf oud`ub gfbfo wfjtu 63-37 kfo,

gfd gmpmjmrjfd jnoudljmdfd cngfe pmdtfs jiridnr.

Gicutfomd gfpft gmjiocmdfsmjfd gndlfd dirnpmdnhrmd, gfd gfpft oubfm gmcnrmjfd

cmbf tfdgf-tfdgf empipnrhusm ondlembfdl. \fspfgfm syij pfgf mdhfrj fjut vndtrmjnb

jfdfd yfdl sfdlft nhnjtmh cmbf gmcnrmjfd `fmrfd gfd pnocnrmfd gicutfomd bncme
gmfdkurjfd udtuj onopnrcfmjm jidtrfjtmbmtfs vndtrmjnb jfdfd wfbfupud fgf tfdgf

syij: emdgfrm vndigmbftir (dmtrilbmsnrmd) gfd gmurntmj. Wmdgfjfd rnvfsjubfrmsfsm jiridnr

snlnrf gfpft onocnrm efsmb yfdl sfdlft cfmj.

666
Lfocfr =.6. Fblirmtof Wftfbfjsfdf Empitndsm/Pyij

663
@. Wftf bfjsfdf ngnof pfru fjut

Qndlnrtmfd ngnof pfru fjut

Ngnof pfru fjut fgfbfe tmocudfd `fmrfd gm pnocubue gfrfe gfd pfrndjmo pfru

yfdl pfgf sncflmfd cnsfr jfsus gmsncfcjfd ibne lflfb

lf lfb kfdtudl fjut.

Wfdgf gfd lnkfbf

Ngnof pfru fjut gmtfdgfm gndlfd lnkfbf snsfj dfpfs yfdl onocnrft tnrutfof sfft

fjtmhmtfs, cftuj gndlfd rmfj cnrcume jnonrfefd, snsfj cmbf cnrcfrmdl

Jidgmsm pfsmnd gmspdnu, snrmdljfbm lnbmsfe, sfturfsm I3 jurfdl gfrm =1% sncnbuo

pnocnrmfd supbnondtfsm ijsmlnd, pfgf pnonrmjsffd hmsmj gmgfpftjfd tfdgf-tfdgf

jfrgmionlfbm, mjtus cnrlnsnr jn bftnrfb, pndmdljftfd KXQ, crfgm-tfjmfrmtomf, sufrf

lfbbip, cmsmdl kfdtudl, ridjm cfsfe cfsfb cmbftnrfb pfru, wennzmdl (fsteof `frgmfbn),

fjrfb gmdlmd gfd cfsfe, hiti pibis gfgf tfopfj cndgudlfd cftwmdl fppnfrfd`n.
fppnfrfd`n.

Qnrbu gmmdlft cfewf ngnof pfru gfpft gmcngfjfd ondkfgm ngnof pfru jfrgmilndmj

gfd did-jfrgmilndmj. Qfgf ngnof pfru jfrgmilndmj uouodyf gmgfpftjfd rmwfyft

lflfb kfdtudl jridms sncnbuodyf ftfu lnkfbf lflfb kfdtudl fjut yfdl gmfjmcftjfd

msjnomf omijfrg. Ngnof pfru did-jfrgmilndmj snrmdljfbm gmgfpftjfd pfgf pfsmnd

tfdpf rmwfyft pndyfjmt kfdtudl sncnbuodyf, pfbmdl snrmdl gmgfpftjfd pfgf pfsmnd

gndlfd jnbfmdfd pfru (gnofo, cftuj cnrgfefj, snsfj dfpfs).

Wftfbfjsfdf

Wftfbfjsfdf ngnof pfru fjut jfrgmilndmj gmcflm gfbfo 0 tfefpfd.

Wfefpfd pnrtfof;

• Bntfjjfd pfsmnd gfbfo pismsm guguj, tmdgfjfd mdm cnrtukufd ondmdljftjfd

vibuon gfd jfpfsmtfs vmtfb pfru, ondlurfdlm jnrkf itit pnrdfpfsfd, gfd

ondurudjfd fbmrfd gfrfe vndf cfbmj jn kfdtudl.

• Qfsfdl sudljup oujf did-rncrnftemdl gndlfd fbmrfd 6> B/ondmt (tfrlnt PpI 3

4=3-=5%) cnrmjfd cnrsfoffd gndlfd pnofsfdlfd fjsns MX gfd oidmtir NJL

• Ijsmontrm gndyut gfpft onocnrm mdhirofsm jncnrefsmbfd tnrfpm wfbfupud fbft

pnofdtfufd PpI3 mdm jurfdl fjurft fpfcmbf tnrkfgm pndurudfd pnrhusm pnrmhnr.

Ibne jfrndf mtu gmfdkurjfd onbfjujfd pnonrmjsffd fdfbmsms lfs gfrfe udtuj

pnofdtfufd ijsmlndfsm vndtmbfsm gfd fsfo cfsf.

 660

• Kmjf tnrkfgm empivndtmbfsm cnrmjfd vndtmbfsm tnjfdfd pismtmh gndlfd jfdtudl dfpfs-

sudljup oujf udtuj ondllfdtmjfd sudljup oujf did-rncrnftemdl

did-rncrnftemdl..

• Dmtrilbmsnrmd ftfu MPGD nhnjtmh ondlurfdlm ngnof pfru jfrndf ondlurfdlm

prnbifg. Qnocnrmfd tfcbnt ftfu sprfy sucbmdlufb yfdl gfpft gmubfdlm sntmfp >-61

ondmt cmbf WG tntfp 4 =1-611 ooEl, ofjsmofb 0x pnocnrmfd. Qfstmjfd tmgfj fgf

jidtrfmdgmjfsm pnocnrmfd dmtrft (bmeft cfc hfrofjibilm)

• Hurisnomgn 1,>-6 ol/jlCC MX. Nhnj cmhfsmj pnrtfof gm`fpfm gfbfo > ondmt gm

ofdf tnrkfgm vndigmbftfsm, snemdllf fbmrfd cfbmj jn kfdtudl gfd pfru cnrjurfdl

(ondlurfdlm prnbifg). Nhnj jnguf fgfbfe sncflfm gmurntmj yfdl ond`fpfm

pud`fjdyf sntnbfe 01-81 ondmt. Jnnhnjtmhfd hurisnomgn tmgfj efrus gm`fpfm

gndlfd gmurnsms cnrbncmefd. Cmbf hurisnomgn sugfe rutmd gmomduo sncnbuodyf,

ofjf gisms cmsf gmlfdgfjfd. Cmbf gfbfo 31 ondmt cnbuo gmgfpft efsmb yfdl

gmefrfpjfd, ubfdlm cibus hurisnomg MX guf jfbm gisms fwfb. Gisms cmsf bncme tmdllm

cmbf rntndsm `fmrfd ondidkib gfd/ftfu hudlsm lmdkfb tnrlfdllu

• Oirhmd subhft gmnd`nrjfd gndlfd Df@b 1.=%, cnrmjfd 3-7 ol MX cibus pnbfd

tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj 4 611ooEl. Nhnj vndigmbftir ondmdljftjfd jfpfsmtfs

vndf, ondlurfdlm fbmrfd gfrfe cfbmj jn vndf sndtrfb gfd pfru, ondlurfdlm

tnjfdfd pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb jmrm (prnbifg), gfd kulf onopudyfm nhnj vfsigmbftir

rmdlfd, snemdllf fhtnrbifg cnrjurfdl. Nhnj sngfsm gfrm oirhmd subhft ondurudjfd

bfku dfpfs.

• ^dtuj ond`nlfe jibfps fbvnibm gfd onopnrcfmjm pnrtujfrfd lfs gfpft

gmcnrmjfd tnjfdfd njspmrfsm fjemr pismtmh ( pismtmvn ndg-nxpmrftiry

ndg-nxpmrftiry prn
prnssurn
ssurn)) gfpft

gmcnrmjfd

Wmdgfjfd Jnguf

• Kmjf rnspid pfsmnd cfmj sntnbfe ondgfpftjfd tmdgfjfd pnrtfof, ofjf tmgfj

gmpnrbujfd pnonrmjsffd tfocfefd, jfrndf ondurud tmdljft jnlfwftfddyf,

jeususdyf cmbf diroitndsm.

• Cmbf pfsmnd ofsme cnbuo rnspid gndlfd tftfbfjsfdf bmdm pnrtfof, gfd tnjfdfd

gfrfe ofsme cfmj/tmdllm, gfpft gmcnrmjfd dmtrilbmsnrmd MX 61-311¾l/ondmt (ftfu

MPGD MX 6-61 ol/kfo) gndlfd tntfp onofdtfu tnjfdfd gfrfe.

• Cmbf tnjfdfd gfrfe turud cnrmjfd mditripmj ftfu vfsiprnsir;

 • Cmbf tnjfdfd gfrfe turud, cnrmjfd mditripmj ftfu vfsiprnsir;

667

• Gicutfomd 3-31 ¾l/jlCC/ondmt MX cmbf empitndsm tfdpf syij

• Gipfomd >-31 ¾l/jlCC/ondmt MX (tnrutfof gmpmbme cmbf hrnjundsm dfgm

2>1x/ondmt) ftfu dirnpmdnhrmd 1,6-1,> o`l/jlCC/ondmt MX cmbf

tnrgfpft tfdgf syij

Wmdgfjfd Jntmlf

• Gmpnrsmfpjfd cmbf tmdgfjfd pnrtfof gfd jnguf tmgfj onocnrm efsmb yfdl

onofgfm ftfu tnrgfpft jiopbmjfsm spnsmhmj

• Qnrbu gmbfjujfd oidmtir enoigmdfomj mdvfsmh gndlfd hfsmbmtfs

h fsmbmtfs spnsmfbmstmj

• Qnrtmocfdljfd MFCQ, gmbfdkutjfd MJQ ftfu cngfe pmdtfs jiridnr

G. Qndutup

Qndgnjftfd smstnoftms ondkfgm jud`m utfof pndfdlfdfd jfsus lfwft. Qfgf tipmj
mdm gmefrfpjfd pnsnrtf jursus gfpft onrnsfpm efb sncflfm cnrmjut;

Fwfbm pnomjmrfd onbmputm nopft trmfg pfgf snouf pfsmnd;

• F-C-@ (Fmrwfy, Crnftemdl, @mr`ubftmid)

• Ijsmlnd, MX bmdn, Oidmtir (I-M-O)

• Dfgm/pnrdfhfsfd/tnjfdfd gfrfe

• Fgfjfe ofsfbfe mrfof (crfgmjfrgm/tfjmjfrgm njstrmo), vibuon,

ftfu piopf (jidtrfjtmbmtfs kfdtudl)

Qndlicftfd empitndsm tmgfj efdyf gmpfdgfdl gfrm tnjfdfd gfrfe, tntfpm lnkfbf-lnkfbf

gfd tfdgf-tfdgf jbmdms bncme cnrefrlf yfdl onbmputm;

• Jnfgffd uouo

• Lfdllufd jnsfgfrfd

• Qnrhusm pnrmhnr pfgf ukudl-ukudl njstrnomtfs

• Qndlmsmfd jfpmbnr

• Lnkfbf syij

• Qrigujsm urmd
 66>

Ludfjfd trmfg jfrgmivfsjubfr gfd `frm kfwfcfd sn`frf tnrpmsfe gfd tnrmdtnlrfsm pnrmefb;

• Mrfof

• Xibuon-rnsmstndsm pnocubue gfrfe

•
Qiopf

Ondlndfb ofsfbfe mrfof gfd putusjfd smjfp tnrefgfp;

• Crfgmjfrgmf njstrmo 2>1x/ondmt

• Wfjmjfrgmf njstrmo 46>1x/ondmt (tmgfj tnrofsuj smdus tfjmjfrgmf)

vibuon

• Fcsibut

• Snbftmh

piopf

• Qrmonr

• Pnjudgnr

Fgf tmlf pnlfdlfd pnrnd`fdffd tftf bfjsfdf;

• @icf jirnjsm mrfof sncnbuo cnrfbme jn piopf gfd vibuon

• Kmjf pfru cnrsme (tmgfj tnrgfpft ridjem), `icf cnrmjfd `fmrfd sncnbuo onocnrm icft

mditripmj gfd vfsiprnssir udtuj iptmofbmsfsm vibuon mdtrfvfsjubnr gfd tnjfdfd

pndlmsmfd vndtrmjnb jmrm

• Kmjf tmgfj rnspid gndlfd ukm `fmrfd, udtuj ofsfbfe piopf cnrmjfd mditripmj udtuj

ofsfbfe piopf gfd vfsiprnsir udtuj smstno vfsjubfr gndlfd pftijfd tfrlnt

tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj 4=1 ooEl gfd OFQ 48> ooEl

 668

SNHNSNDPM

6. Xfd Gmnpnd, P., Jftz, K. D., Fbcnrt, D. O., Endry, W. G., Kf`ics, F. J., Jfpur, D. J., ...

& @iend, O. L. (316<). @idtnopirfry ofdflnondt ih `frgmilndm` sei`j; f

s`mndtmhm` stftnondt hrio ten Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid. @mr`ubftmid, 608(68),

n303-n385.

3. Wemnbn, E., Ieofd, N. O., gn \fef-Wemnbn, P., [nyonr, ^., & Gns`e, P. (316=).

Ofdflnondt ih `frgmilndm` sei`j `iopbm`ftmdl oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid; fd upgftn

316=. Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 71(03), 38<6-3850.

0. Xfegftpiur @, @ibbmds G, Libgcnrl P. @frgmilndm` Pei`j. 316= : K Fo Enfrt. GIM;

61.6686/KFEF.66=.166==6.

7. Qurvny O, Fbbnd L. Ofdflmdl f`utn puboidfry ingnof. 316<: Fust Qrns`r ; (71) ;

>=-80.

>. Ptfdgb W, Fddn`jn W, @fs`ircm M, nt fbb. Wen Diond`bfturn, Gnhmdmtmid fdg

Gmstmd`tmid ih Wypns ih Pei`j. Gts`e Frztncb Mdt 3165: 66>; <><-85

8. Pmdlbntfry NO, @efrbtid DQ, Npstnmd KB, nt fbb. 316> FEF Lumgnbmdns upgftn hir @QS

fdg N@@. 316>: Xib 603 Di 65

<. Smvnrf HB, Ofrtmdnz ES@, BfWirrn @@, nt fbb. Wrnftondt ih Eypnrtndsmvn

@frgmilndm` Ngnof wmte Mdtrfvndius Emle-Gisn Dmtrilby`nrmd md f Qftmndt

Qrnsndtmdl wmte Pmlds ih Snspmrftiry Hfmburn; F @fsn Snpirt fdg Snvmnw ih ten

Bmtnrfturn. Fo K @fsn Snp, 316=: 31; 50-=1

5. \rmtmdl @ioomttnn Onocnrs, Fdtofd, N. O., Fdcn, G. W., Frostridl, Q. \.,

Cftns, N. S., Lrnnd, B. F., ... & Irdfti, K. Q. (3117). F@@/FEF lumgnbmdns hir ten
ofdflnondt ih pftmndts wmte PW-nbnvftmid oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid‗
mdhfr`tmid‗nxn`utmvn

suoofry; f rnpirt ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily/Fonrm`fd Enfrt

Fssi`mftmid Wfsj Hir`n id Qrf`tm`n Lumgnbmdns (\rmtmdl @ioomttnn ti Snvmsn ten

6=== Lumgnbmdns hir ten Ofdflnondt ih Qftmndts \mte F`utn Oyi`frgmfb

Mdhfr`tmid). Kiurdfb ih ten Fonrm`fd @ibbnln ih @frgmibily, 77(0), 8<6-<6=.

=. Qfub O, Ofxwnbb \. Iptmomzmdl hbumg tenrfpy md sei`j. @rmtm`fb `frn: 316=; 3>; 378-
378 -

3>6

61 @n``idm O Cf`jnr GG Fdtidnbbm O nt fbb @idsndsus id `mr`ubftiry sei`j fdg

 61. @n``idm O, Cf`jnr GG, Fdtidnbbm O, nt fbb. @idsndsus id `mr`ubftiry sei`j fdg

enoigydfom` oidmtirmdl. Wfsj hir`n ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih Mdtndsmvn @frn

Ongm`mdn. Mdtndsmvn @frn Ong. 3167: 71; 6<=>-656>

66<

CFC MU

ICFW-ICFWFD ]FDL GML^DFJFD GFBFO

CFDW^FD EMG^Q KFDW^DL BFDK^WFD

Wukufd Qnocnbfkfrfd ;

6. Ondlntfeum kndms icft-icftfd vfsifjtmh

3. Ondlntfeum kndms icft-icftfd fdtmfrmtomf

0. Ondlntfeum kndms icft-icftfd fdtmteriocitmj

7. Ondlntfeum icft-icft bfmddyf yfdl snrmdl gmludfjfd pfgf jnlfwftfd

jfrgmivfsjubfr

>. Onofefom onjfdmson jnrkf, gisms gfd nhnj sfopmdl icft-icftfd tnrsncut

F. QNDGFE^B^FD

Wukufd utfof pnocnrmfd icft pfgf pfsmnd-pfsmnd endtm kfdtudl fgfbfe onocfdtu

ondlnocfbmjfd smrjubfsm spidtfd (rnturd ih spidtfdnius `mr`ubftmid/SIP@ ) gfd

ononbmefrf smrjubfsm tnrsncut flfr pnrhusm kfrmdlfd iptmofb gfd fjemrdyf gfpft

ondmdljftjfd jnbufrfd pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl.

C. QNOCNSMFD ICFW-ICFWFD SNP^PMWFPM KFDW^DL

ICFW-ICFWFD MDIWSIQMJ / XFPIQSNPPIS

6. Npmdnhrmd
Onopudyfm nhnj fgrndnrlmj-ζ
fgrndnrlmj-ζ gfd fgrndnrlmj-
fgrndnrlmj-γ gfd nhnj mditripmj gfd

jriditripmj yfdl pitnd. Qfgf gisms tmdllm onopudyfm pndlfrue sncflfm

vfsiprnsir.

3. Dirnpmdnhrmd

Onrupfjfd icft vfsijidstrmjtir fgrndnrlmj-ζ6

fgrndnrlmj-ζ6 yfdl pitndsmdyf bncme cnsfr

gmcfdgmdljfd gndlfd gipfomd ftfu hndmbnhrmd. Jn`ufbm mtu dirnhmdnhrmd

onopudyfm nhnj jriditripmj gfd mditripmj onbfbum rnsnptir γ6. Pnpnrtm icft
i cft
 vfsijidstrmjtir bfmddyf, pnocnrmfd dirnhmdnhrmd gfpft ondurudjfd `urfe

kfdtudl snmrmdl gndlfd pndmdljftfd fhtnrbifg gfd tnjfdfd gfrfe. Qndmdljftfd

gndyut kfdtudl kfrfdl tnrkfgm. Qfgf pfsmnd yfdl tnbfe gmbfjujfd rnsusmtfsm `fmrfd

fgnjuft, dirnhmdnhrmd gfpft ondmdljftjfd fbmrfd gfrfe lmdkfb.

665

0. Gipfomd

Onrupfjfd icft vfsifjtmh yfdl onopudyfm nhnj mditripmj gfd vfsiprnsir

tnrlfdtudl gisms yfdl gmcnrmjfd. Qfgf mdhus gisms rndgfe (3-0 ¾l/jl

CC/ondmt), gipfomd onopudyfm nhnj mditripmj gfd jriditripmj. Gfd

onopudyfm fjsm sncflfm rnsnptir gipfomdnrlmj pfgf lmdkfb gfd gfpft

ondmdljftjfd kuobfe urmd: onsjmpud gnomjmfd pndlludffd gndlfd tukufd

nhnj pfgf lmdkfb tmgfj gmfdkurjfd jfrndf tmgfj gfpft ond`nlfe gmshudlsm lmdkfb

ftfu onopnrcfmjm jnbufrfd. Qfgf mdhus gisms sngfdl (8-61 ¾l/jl CC/ondmt)

nhnj utfof gipfomd fgfbfe sncflfm mditripmj, sngfdljfd pfgf mdhus gisms

bncme tmdllm (4 61 ¾l/jl CC/ondmt) onrupfjfd vfsijidstrmjtir jfrndf fgfdyf

nhnj flidmst ζ yfdl cnrofjdf.

7. Gicutfomd

Onrupfjfd flidms fgrndnrlmj-γ

fgrndnrlmj-γ did snbnjtmh gndlfd nhnj mditrihmj. Mdhus gisms

> - 31 ¾l/jl CC/ondmt fjfd ondmdljftjfd `urfe kfdtudl, yfdl gmpnrfdtfrfm

gndlfd pndmdljftfd strijn vibuon. Wnjfdfd gfrfe frtnrm tntfp tmgfj cnrucfe,

ondurud ftfu sngmjmt ondurud ftfu ondmdljft. Qfgf pfsmnd empitndsm efrus

eftm-eftm: pfgf rnsusmtfsm `fmrfd yfdl tmgfj fgnjuft, pnocnrmfd gicutfomd

ofbfe gfpft ondurudjfd tnjfdfd gfrfe gfd ondlfjmcftjfd tfjmjfrgm. Nhnj

jriditripmj cnrvfrmfsm tnrlfdtudl rnspids pfsmnd.

Wfcnb =.6 Mdgmjfsm, Gisms, gfd @frf Qnocnrmfd Icft-icftfd Mditripmj gfd Xfsiprnsir
Dfof Icft Mdgmjfsm Gisms gfd @frf pnocnrmfd
Npmdnhrmd • Endtm kfdtudl ; XH, XW •Npmdnhrmd tnrsngmf gndlfd jidsndtrfsm 6;61.111
tfdpf dfgm, fsmstib, QNF. gfd 6;6111 (ludfjfd sngmffd 6;6111 udtuj jfsus
• Empitndsm cnrft ; pfgf endtm kfdtudl, ftfu 61 ob gisms 6;61.111)
empitndsm gndlfd •Jfsus endtm kfdtudl ;
crfgmjfrgmf gfpft MX/MI; 6 ol (6 ob gfrm 6 ; 6111) gmcnrmjfd tmfp 0 -
gmludfjfd jntmjf lflfb > ondmt snbfof rnsusmtfsm, sntmfp pnocnrmfd
gndlfd ftripmdn ftfu gmmjutm gndlfd hbuse 31ob Df@b 1,=% gfd
pfgf empitndsm fjmcft ondfmjjfd bndlfd snbfof 61- 31 gntmj sntnbfe
pndlludffd pnocnrmfd gisms
peispeigmnstnrfsn
peispeig mnstnrfsn Sutn ndgitrfjnfb ; 3 - 3,> ol gmnd`nrjfd
 ndzyon mdemcmtir.
• Fdfhmbfjsms, rnfjsm fbnrlm
cnrft gmjiocmdfsm gndlfd
`fmrfd, jirtmjistnrimg gfd
fdtmemstfomd.
Dirnpmdnhrmd ▫ Pyij jfrgmilndmj cnrft
yfdl onocutuejfd
vfsiprnssir tnrutfof
pfgf syij jfrgmilndmj
gndlfd hrnjundsm dfgm
dirofb/tmdllm
▫ Pyij gndlfd
vfsigmbftfsm (`idtie;
syij snpsms)
Gipfomd • ^dtuj ofsfbfe piopf
(lflfb kfdtudl jidlnstmh)
gfd gndlfd tfdgf-tfdgf
syij, tnrutfof pfgf
syij jfrgmilndmj
gndlfd hrnjundsm dfgm
rndgfe (2>1x/ondmt)
• Crfgmjfrgm tmgfj stfcmb
yfdl tmgfj rnspid
gndlfd ftripmd
Gicutfomd ofsfbfe piopf (lflfb
kfdtudl jidlnstmh)
jidlnstmh)
gndlfd tnjfdfd gfrfe
smstibmj <1 - 611 ooEl
gfd tfdpf tfdgf-tfdgf
syij
gndlfd 61 ob Df@b 1.=% gmmjutm gndlfd
pnocnrmfd cfdtufd dfpfs/vndtmbfsm.
dfpfs/vndtmbfsm.
•Jfsus crfgmjfrgmf / empitndsm cnrft
Mdhus (udtuj crfgmjfrgm tmgfj stfcmb); 3 - 61
¾l/ondmt, gmtmtrfsm snsufm rnspid pfsmnd.
66=
•Grmp 1,6 - 1,> ¾l/jl CC/ondmt MX: gmtmtrfsm snsufm
rnspid
Qnreftmfd;
•
Kfdlfd gmcnrmjfd cnrsfoffd gndlfd bfrutfd
fbjfbm
• Jirnjsm empivibnomf gndlfd pnocnrmfd vibuon
sncnbuo pnocnrmfd dirnpmdnhrmd
• Eftm-eftm tnrefgfp jnoudljmdfd tnrkfgmdyf
njstrfvfsfsm
njstrfvfsf sm yfdl gfpft ondyncfcjfd dnjrisms
kfrmdlfd.
• Gfpft ondyncfcjfd frmtomf (rmsmji frmtomf bncme
rndgfe gfrmpfgf gipfomdn).
• Gmludfjfd cnreftm-eftm pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd
msjnomj fjut, bfjujfd pndmbfmfd `urfe kfdtudl.
• Mdhus; > - 31 ¾l/jl CC/ondmt, gmtmtrfsm snsufm
rnspid pfsmnd, gisms gmdfmjjfd pnrbfefd
Qnreftmfd;
•
Jirnjsm empivibnomf gndlfd pndllfdtmfd
vibuon sncnbuo pnocnrmfd gipfomd.
• Smsmji frmtomf bncme tmdllm gfrmpfgf dirnpmdnhmd
(bncme fofd gmludfjfd
gmludfjfd pfgf pfsmnd sysyij
ij gndlfd
dfgm yfdl rndgfe)
• Kfdlfd gmjiocmdfsmjfd gndlfd bfrutfd fbjfbm
(dftrmuo cmjfrcidft).
cmjfrcidft).
• Mdhus ; > - 31 ¾l/jl CC/ondmt gm tmtrfsm.
Qndmdljftfd gndyut kfdtudl bncme gfrm 61% gfpft
ondmocubjfd ftfu ondyncfcjfd njsfsnrcfsm
msjnomj omijfrg.
• Pnbfof pnocnrmfd gicutfomd, pfsmnd
ononrbujfd pnofdtfufd enoigmdfomj sn`frf
jidtmdyu.
• Snspid pfgf pfsmnd usmf bfdkut gfpft ondurud
sn`frf cnrofjdf
Qnreftmfd;
• Jidtrf-mdgmjfsm
Jidtrf-mdgmjfsm ; gm`urmlfm ftfu gmjntfeum syij
jfrndf icft/rf`ud
• Jirnjsm empivibnomf gndlfd pnocnrmfd vibuon
sncnbuo pnocnrmfd gicutfomd
• Gfpft ondyncfcjfd tfjmfrmtomf, tnjfdfd gfrfe
yfdl hbujtuftmh, sfjmt jnpfbf gfd oufb.
• Kfdlfd gmjiocmdfsm gndlfd bfrutfd fbjfbm
(dftrmuo cmjfrcidft)
cmjfrcidft)
 (dftrmuo cmjfrcidft).
cmjfrcidft).

631

ICFW-ICFWFD FDWMFSMWOMF

Cnrgfsfrjfd onjfdmson jnrkfdyf, icft-icft fdtm frmtomf gmcflm ondkfgm 7 jnbfs.

Pnbfmd mtu fjfd gmcfefs pubf icft yfdl gmpnrludfjfd pfgf jfsus crfgmfrmtomf, yfmtu
subhfs ftripmd.

Jbfsmhmjfsm icft tfjm-frmtomf;

F. Jnbfs M

Onjfdmson jnrkfdyf ondlefocft jfdfb dftrmuo: pndurudfd jn`npftfd

ofsujdyf dftrmuo onbfocftjfd jndfmjfd hfsn dib gfrm fjsm pitndsmfb,

fjmcftdyf tnrkfgm pndurudfd fjsm njsmtfcmbmtfs gfd jn`npftfd jidgujsm

Icft fdtm frmtomf jnbfs M tmgfj gmcfefs pfgf oigub F@BP

C. Jnbfs MM (@idtie ; Qripfdibib, Ftndibib gfd Ontipribib.)

Onjfdmson jnrkfdyf fgfbfe ondurudjfd gnpibfrmsfsm hfsn 7 snemdllf

onofdkfdljfd jidgujsm digus FX, ondurudjfd jidtrfjtmbmtfs gfd gndyut

kfdtudl. Ibne jfrndf mtu, jnbfs mdm cnrofdhfft pfgf tnrfpm tfjmfrmtomf yfdl

gmsncfcjfd ibne fjtmvmtfs smopftmj, snpnrtm hmcrmbfsm gfd hbuttnr ftrmuo,

tfjmjfrgmf rnndtrm digus FX. Jnbfs mdm tnrofsuj fdtflidms fgrndnrlmj-γ.

fgrndnrlmj-γ.

@. Jnbfs MMM (@idtie ; fomigfrid)

Onjfdmson jnrkf fgfbfe gndlfd ondlefocft jfdfb jfbmuo snemdllf

ondurudjfd frus jfbmuo snbfof hfsn rnpibfrmsfsm. Jnbfs mdm onofdkfdljfd

bfof fjsm pitndsmfb tfdpf ondllfdllu gnpibfrmsfsm hfsn 1 ftfu pitndsmfb

onocrfd mstmrfeft, onopnrpfdkfdl pnrmign rnhrfjtnr nhnjtmh.

G. Jnbfs MX (@idtie ; Xnrfpfomb gfd Gmbtmfzno)

Onjfdmson jnrkfdyf fgfbfe sncflfm pndlefocft jfdfb jfbsmuo, snemdllf

ondyncfcjfd pndurudfd jn`npftfd gnpibfrmsfsm spidtfd hfsn 7 gfd

onbfocftjfd jidgujsm pfgf kfrmdlfd-kfrmdlfd yfdl tnrlfdtudl pfgf frus

ofsuj jfbsmuo snpnrtm digus FX itit itit pibis vfsjubfr gfd kfdtudl
 ofsuj jfbsmuo snpnrtm digus FX, itit-itit pibis vfsjubfr gfd kfdtudl.

N. Icft tfjmfrmtomf bfmddyf

6. Fgndismd

Onrupfjfd dujbnismg fbfomfe gndlfd onjfdmson jnrkfdyf ondurudjfd

jn`npftfd jidgujsm, onofdkfdljfd pnrmign rnhrfjtnr gfd ondurudjfd

itioftmsfsm digus FX.

636

3. Ofldnsmuo subhft

Onjfdmson jnrkfdyf onopnrpfdkfdl smjbus smdus, onbfocftjfd

jidgujsm digus FX gfd jidgujsm mdtrf ftrmfb gfd mdtrf vndtrm`ubfr

0. Gmlijsmd

Onjfdmson jnrkfdyf onondgnjjfd pnrmign rnhrfjtnr snb-snb omijfrg

ftrmuo gfd vndtrmjnb onofdkfdljfd pnrmign rnhrfjtnr nhnjtmh gfd

ondlurfdlm jn`npftfd jidgujsm snrfcut purjmdkn.

Wfcnb =.3 Mdgmjfsm, Gisms, gfd @frf Qnocnrmfd Icft-icftfd Wfjmfrmtomf

Dfof Icft Mdgmjfsm Gisms gfd @frf pnocnrmfd
Bmgijfmd MX 6.Endtm kfdtudl • Endtm kfdtudl
(XW/XH sncflfm • Gisms fwfb 6 - 6,> ol/jlCC/ MX cibus
fbtnrdftmh • ^dtuj XH/XW rnhrfjtnr ; 1,> - 1,<> ol/jlCC/MX gmubfdlm 61 -
fomigfrid) 6> ondmt jnougmfd, gndlfd gisms ofjsmouo sncfdyfj 0 jfbm
3. XW stfcmb ftfu gndlfd titfb gisms 0 ol/jlCC.
(fbtnrdftmh • Qnocnrmfd gfpft onbfbum NWW gndlfd gisms 3 - 7 ol/jlCC.
fomigfrid) • Qfgf XW stfcmb, VSP jiopbnjs bncfr gndlfd tmpn yfdl tmgfj
knbfs, njtipm yfdl
yfdl smldmhmjfd:
• gismsdyf fgfbfe 1,> - 1,< ol/jlCC MX sfopfm 6 - 6,> ol/jlCC
MX gmubfdlm sntmfp > - 61 ondmt gndlfd titfb gisms 0 ol/jlCC.
• Gisms pnonbmefrffd 6 - 7 ol/ondmt MX ( 01->1
¾l/jlCC/ondmt) gmnd`nrjfd gfbfo gnjstrisn >% ftfu Df@b
1,=%.
Fomigfrid 6.Endtm kfdtudl • pfgf endtm kfdtudl
MX XW/XH • Cibus pnbfd 011 ol MX (gmnd`nrjfd gndlfd 31-01 ob
3. XW stfcmb gnjstrisn >%).
• Qnrtmocfdljfd pnocnrmfd cnrmjutdyf sncfdyfj 6>1 ol MX
gndlfd snbfdl wfjtu 0-> ondmt.
• Qfgf tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs VSP bncfr yfdl stfcmb,
i Grmp 6>1 ol MX gfbfo > - 61 ondmt pnrtfof, gfpft gmubfdl

gfbfo 6>1 ol MX sntmfp 61 ondmt kmjf gmpnrbujfd ofjsmouo

pnocnrmfd 3,3 lr MX/37 kfo.
i Gisms pnonbmefrffd ; 081 ol MX snbfof 8 kfo (6 ol/ondmt)

bfbu gmbfdkutjfd gndlfd >71 ol MX snbfof 65 kfo cnrmjutdyf

(1,> ol/ondmt).
Ontipribib 6. Icft bmdm jnguf • Gisms fwfb; > ol MX sntmfp > ondmt sn`frf bfocft gfd gfpft
MX (sfft mdm udtuj PXW (sntnbfe gmubfdl 0 jfbm gisms fwfb. Gmtmtrfsm snsufm gndlfd gndyut
sngmffd fgndismd) kfdtudl gfd tnjfdfd gfrfe.
gfrfe.
icft cnbuo 3. Ondlidtrib bfku • Gisms irfb; 3> - >1 ol snbfof 8 - 63 kfo, jnougmfd sntnbfe
tnrsngmf gm mrfof pfgf ftrmfb 3 - 0 efrm gmdfmjjfd 3 jfbm gisms fwfb: gfpft gmtmtrfsm sfopfm
Mdgidnsmf) hmcrmbfsm gisms 311 ol/efrm
0. Fdtm fdlmdf pfgf

Xnrfpfomb PJF
6. Icft bmdm jnguf • Gisms pnrtfof ; 3,>-> ol MX cibus snbfof 3 ondmt (0 ondmt
MX udtuj PXW (sntnbfe pfgf pfsmnd usmf bfdkut). Gisms cnrmjutdyf >-61 ol MX kmjf
fgndismd) gmpnrbujfd gndlfd mdtnrvfb wfjtu 6>-01 ondmt gfrm pnocnrmfd
gisms pnrtfof. Gisms ofjsmouo 31 ol MX.

633

3. Ondlidtrib bfku • Fbtnrdftmh; > ol cibus sntmfp 6> ondmt gndlfd titfb gisms 01

mrfof pfgf ftrmfb ol.

hmcrmbfsm
•
Gmbtmfzno MX 6. Icft
Icft bbmdm
mdm jnguf Qfgf jfsus fjut, cnrmjfd 6>-31 ol (1,3> ol/jl) MX snbfof 3
udtuj PXW (sntnbfe ondmt. Gfpft gmubfdlm 6> ondmt jnougmfd gndlfd gisms 31-3>
fgndismd) ol (1,0> ol/jl CC) snbfof 3 ondmt.
3. Ondlidtrib bfku • Gisms pnonbmefrffd >-6> ol/kfo, gmtmtrfsm emdllf tnr`fpfm
mrfof pfgf ftrmfb bfku dfgm hmsmibilms. Gfpft gmnd`nrjfd gndlfd gnjstris >% ftfu
hmcrmbfsm dirofb sfbmdn.
•

Fgndismd MX 6. Icft bmdm pnrtfof • Bntfjjfd pfsmnd pfgf pismsm ombg-rnvnrsn Wrndgnbndcurl
(ftfu FWQ) udtuj PXW (jnpfbf bncme tmdllm gfrmpfgf jfjm) sncnbuo pnocnrmfd icft.
• Qnrludfjfd ternn-wfy pfsfdl fjsns MX gm gfnrfe vndf
gfnrfe crf`emfb/fdtn`ucmtm
crf`emfb/fdtn`ucmtm
• Cibus 8 ol fgndismd (61 ol FWQ) MX `npft gfbfo wfjtu 6-0
gntmj gmmjutm cibus sfbmdn dirofb 31 ob, jnougmfd bndlfd
gmfdljft.
• Cmbf gmpnrbujfd, gisms jnguf 63 ol fgndismd (31 ol FWQ) MX,
gfpft gmcnrmjfd gfbfo 6-3 ondmt sntnbfe pnocnrmfd pnrtfof.
Ofldnsmuo 6. Endtm kfdtudl • Endtm kfdtudl (gmsncfcjfd Empiofldnsnomf
Empiofldnsnomf ftfu Wirsfgns
Pubhft MX gndlfd gn pimdtns)
pimdtns) ; 6 - 3 lrfo (> - 61 ob gfrm bfrutfd ofldnsmuo 31%)
Empiofldnsnom gm nd`nrjfd gfbfo 61 ob G>% / dirofb sfbmdn.
ftfu Wirsfgn gn • Wirsfgns gn pimdtns gndlfd dfgm ftfu mdhfrj omijfrg
Qimdtns (WgQ) gndlfd empiofldnsnomf;
empiofldnsnomf; Bifgmdl gisn 6 - 3 lrfo (> -61 ob
3. Wirsfgn gn gfrm bfrutfd ofldnsmuo 31%) gmnd`nrjfd gfbfo >1 - 611 ``
Qimdtns gndlfd G>%, gmcnrmjfd snbfof > sfopfm 81 ondmt MX. Gmmjutm gndlfd
dfgm 1,> - 6 lrfo pnr kfo MX (tmtrfsm udtuj ondlidtrib Wirsfgns gn
pimdtns).
pimdtns ).
Gmlijsmd MX 6. Icft fbtnrdftmh @frf pnocnrmfd
udtuj PXW (sntnbfe • Gisms pnrtfof 7-8 ul/jl (gisms irfdl gnwfsf 1.> ol ftfu 6
fgndismd) fopub gmlixmd MX) gfbfo > ondmt
3. Ondlidtrib bfku • Gisms cnrmjutdyf ; 3-0 ul/jl (udtuj irfdl gnwfsf sntndlfe
mrfof pfgf ftrmfb fopub ftfu 1.3> ol MX) gfbfo 7-5 kfo cnrmjutdyf. Witfb (5-63
hmcrmbfsm ul/jl, tnrcflm snbfof 5-68 kfo)
• @nj jfgfr gmlijsmd 7 kfo sntnbfe pnocnrmfd mv ftfu 8 kfo
sntnbfe pnocnrmfd irfb
• Wurudjfd gisms gmlijsmd sncnsfr >1% fpfcmbf gmludfjfd
cnrsfoffd gndlfd Fomigfrid.
Qrijfmdfomg 6. Wfjmjfrgm VSP Grmp 31->1 ol/ondmt emdllf frmtomf embfdl
MX Bncfr yfdl Ptfcmb
(sfft mdm icft cnbuo Ptip cmbf oud`ub empitndsm/gurfsm
empitndsm/gurfsm VSP ondmdljft 4>1%
 (sfft mdm icft cnbuo Ptip cmbf oud`ub empitndsm/gur
empitndsm/gurfsm
fsm VSP ondmdljft 4>1%
tnrsngmf gm Gisms ofjsmofb 6< ol/jl
Mdgidnsmf)
Pitfbib MX 6. Wfjmjfrgm VSP 611 ol (6.> ol/jlCC) gfbfo > ondmt
Bncfr yfdl Ptfcmb
(sfft mdm icft cnbuo Emdgfrm cmbf VW onofdkfdl
tnrsngmf gm
Mdgidnsmf)

630

Icft crfgmfrmtomf

6. Pubhfs ftripmdn

Onjfdmson jnrkf utfof ftripmd fgfbfe sncflfm zft fdtflidmson yfdl

jiopntmtmh, gmofdf gfpft gmftfsm gndlfd `frf ondmdljftjfd jidsndtrfsm

fsntmbjibmd pfgf bijfsm rnsnptir gfrm irlfd nhnjtir. Ftripmd tmgfj cnrhudlsm

nhnjtmh pfgf FX cbi`j bnvnb mdhrf digfb (emle gnlrnn FX cbi`j yfmtu FX cbi`j

gnrfkft MM tmpn 3 gfd gnrfkft 0)

3. Gipfomd

Bmeft cfc mditripmj/vfsiprnssir. Onjfdmson jnrkf gipfomd sncflfm icft

crfgmfrmtomf fgfbfe gndlfd cnrmjftfd gndlfd rnsnptir cntf 6 fgrndnrlmj pfgf

kfdtudl snemdllf onocnrmjfd nhnj jriditripmj pismtmh gfd ondmdljftjfd bfku

hrnjundsm dfgm

0. Npmdnpermdn

Bmeft cfc mditripmj/vfsiprnssir. Onjfdmson jnrkf npmdnhrmd sncflfm icft

crfgmfrmtomf fgfbfe gndlfd cnrmjftfd gndlfd rnsnptir cntf 6 fgrndnrlmj pfgf

kfdtudl snemdllf onocnrmjfd nhnj jriditripmj pismtmh gfd ondmdljftjfd bfku

hrnjundsm dfgm

Wfcnb =.0 Mdgmjfsm, Gisms, gfd @frf Qnocnrmfd Icft-icftfd Crfgmfrmtomf

Dfof Icft Mdgmjfsm Gisms gfd @frf pnocnrmfd
• •

Pubhfs
Ftripmd Crfgmjfrgm tmgfj stfcmb (bmdm
pnrtfof) Qfgf
sntmfpcrfgmjfrgmf
0-> ondmtcnrmjfd
snsufm6 jncutuefd
ol MX (7 fopub)
tmgfj
onbncmem 1,17 ol/jl CC.
• Qndlludffd gndlfd mdtnrvfb kfdljf pndgnj (0
ondmt) gfd gisms yfdl bncme tmdllm (41,17ol/jl
CC) gmcnrmjfd pfgf jidgmsm jbmdms yfdl cnrft.
• Wmgfj rnspid pfgf FX cbi`j emle gnlrnn (Oicmtz
 MM gfd gnrfkft 0)
Gipfomd • Crfgmjfrgm tmgfj stfcmb yfdl • Mdhus; > - 31 ¾l/jl CC/ondmt, gmtmtrfsm snsufm
tmgfj rnspid gndlfd rnspid pfsmnd, gisms gmdfmjjfd pnrbfefd
ftripmd Qnreftmfd;
• Jirnjsm empivibnomf gndlfd pndllfdtmfd
vibuon sncnbuo pnocnrmfd gipfomd.
• Gfpft ondyncfcjfd tfjmfrmtomf,
vfsijidstrmjsm
vfsijidstrm jsm njsnsmh.
•

Npmdnhrmd Crfgmjfrgmf
gfpft smotioftms ;
gmpnrtmocfdljfd Mdhus jidtmdyu; gisms mdmsmfb 1,6 - 1,>
¾l/jl/ondmt
sntnbfe pnocnrmfd ftripmd •Jfsus crfgmjfrgmf / empitndsm cnrft
gfd fbtnrdftmh gipfomd. •Mdhus (udtuj crfgmjfrgm tmgfj stfcmb); 3 - 61
• Empitndsm cnrft gndlfd ¾l/ondmt, gmtmtrfsm snsufm rnspid pfsmnd.
crfgmjfrgmf
637

QNOCNSMFD ICFW FDWM WSIOCIWMJ

F. Fspmrmd

Fspmrmd ondlefocft pnocndtujfd teriocixfd F3 yfdl ondyncfcjfd

flrnlfsm pbftnbnt gfd onocuft jidstrmjsm frtnrm. Qndlludffd icft mdm

ondurudjfd oirtfbmtfs PJF, rnmdhfrj gfd strijn-did hftfb.

C. @bipmgilrnb

Onrupfjfd fdtflidms gfrm FGQ ( Fgndismdn Gmpeispeftn

Gmpeispeftn)) yfdl onrupfjfd

fdtmpbftnbnt.

@. Wm`flrnbir

Wm`flrnbir onrupfjfd sfbfe sftu kndms fdtmpbftnbnt fdtflidms Q3]63

didtemndipyrmgmdn yfdl tnrcfru gndlfd onjfdmson yfdl cnrcngf kmjf

gmcfdgmdljfd gndlfd pndgfeubudyf snpnrtm `bipmgilrnb ftfu prfsulrnb.

G. ^dhrf`tmidftng enpfrmd (^HE)

^dhrf`tmidftng enpfrmd (^HE) cnjnrkf sncflfm fdtmjiflubfd gndlfd

onocndtuj jiopbnjs gndlfd fdtmtriocmd (FW) snemdllf ondyncfcjfd

pndlefocftfd pfgf cncnrfpf hfjtir jiflubfsm gfrfe, yfmtu triocmd (hfjtir

MMf), hfjtir MUf, Uf, UMf gfd UMMf. Efb mdm ond`nlfe pnocndtujfd hmcrmd gfd

ondlefocft triocmd gfbfo ondlfjtmvfsm pbftnbnt gfd hfjtir X, XMMM gfd UM

N. Biw Oibn`ubfr \nmlet Enpfrmd (BO\E) / Ndixfpfrmd

Icft mdm ondlefocft pnocndtujfd triocmd ibne mdemcmsm hfjtir Uf gfd kulf

ondlefocft triocmd mdgmrnj gndlfd pnocndtujfd jiopbnjs gndlfd

fdtmtriocmd MMM. Icft mdm tmgfj gmdntrfbmsmr ibne pritnmd cmdgmdl enpfrmd.
enpfrmd.

H H g m
 H. Hidgfpfrmdux

Hidgfpfrmdux ondlefocft pnocndtujfd teriocmd gndlfd ondlefocft

hfjtir Uf.

L. Ptrnptijmdfsn

Onrupfjfd icft triocibmtmj yfdl cnrsmhft did-hmcrmd spnsmhmj

E. Fbtnpbfsn

Onrupfjfd icft triocibmtmj yfdl cnrsmhft hmcrmd spnsmhmj

63>

Wfcnb =.7 Mdgmjfsm, Gisms, gfd @frf Qnocnrmfd Icft-icftfd Fdtmtriocitmj

Dfof Icft Mdgmjfsm Gisms gfd @frf pnocnrmfd
Fspmrmd Mdgmjfsm; • 681 ‐ 031 ol tfcbnt (cujfd
Gmcnrmjfd pfgf snouf pfsmnd PJF, tnrutfof sfbut snbfput) sn`npft
jfdgmgft rnvfsjubfrm
rnvfsjubfrmsfsm.
sfsm. oudljmd (gmjudyfe bncme cfmj)
• Gfpft gmludfjfd sngmffd
Jidtrfmdgmjfsm; supismtirmf sncnsfr 011ol
•Fcsibut; empnrsndsmtmh pfgf fspmrmd cmbf tmgfj gfpft gmcnrmjfd pnr-
•rnbftmh ; pfsmnd gndlfd ubsnr fjtmh ftfu fsof irfb
@bipmgilrnb Mdgmjfsm; Pnouf jfsus PJF PWNOM / ^FQ-DPWNF@P rmsmji
Qnreftmjfd pndlludffd pfgf jfsus; sngfdl-tmdllm ; gisms fwfb 011
• Kfdlfd gmcnrmjfd pfgf pfsmnd pnrgfrfefd ol, gmmjutm <>ol/efrm
fjtmh (omsfbjfd ubjus pnptmjuo) Cnrmjfd bifgmdl gisn 811 ol
• Qnrludfjfd gndlfd eftm-eftm pfgf pfsmnd cmbf gmrnd`fdfjfd mdtnrvndsm
gndlfd rmsmji pnrgfrfefd jiridnr pnrjutfd (MJQ)
• Qnrludfjfd gndlfd eftm-eftm pfgf pfsmnd

lfdllufd
•
enpfr cmbf gmludfjfd pfgf pfsmnd
Cujtm tnrcftfs
cnrusmf gmftfs <> tfeud
• Gfpft ondllfdtmjfd fspmrmd cmbf pfsmnd

mdtibnrfdsm
Wm`flrnbir Mdgmjfsm; pfsmnd DPWNOM ftfu PWNOM yfdl Gisms fwfb 651 ol ol, gmmjutm
gmtnrfpm gndlfd strftnlm mdvfsmh gmdm. =1ol pnr 63 kfo
^dhrf`tmidftng Mdgmjfsm; • Gisms fwfb; cibus 81
enpfrmd (^HE) • Wnrfpm tfocfefd pfgf Mdhfrj Omijfrg udmt/JlCC (ofjsmouo cibus
Fjut (MOF) 7111 M^), gmbfdkutjfd 63
• Cnrmjfd enpfrmd sncnbuo pnocnrmfd udmt/JlCC/kfo (gisms
flnd bmtmj yfdl spnsmhmj hmcrmd (fbtnpbfsn, ofjsmouo; 6111 M^/kfo).
rntnpbfsn, tndn`tnpbfsn
tndn`tnpbfsn)) • Qnrtfefdjfd dmbfm fQWW 6.> ‐

3 jfbm dmbfm jidtrib snbfof 75

Jidtrfmdgmjfsm; kfo ftfu emdllf gmbfjujfd
•
Jidtrfmdgmjfsm sfof gndlfd fdlmilrfhm.
jidtrfmdgmjfsm pfgf tnrfpm hmcrmdibmtmj, yfmtu; • @nj mdmsmfb fQWW sntnbfe 0

pnrgfrfefd fjtmh: cfru sfkf ondkfbfdm kfo, jnougmfd tmfp 8 kfo

ipnrfsm mdtrfjrfdmfb, mdtrfspmdfb ftfu oftf: emdllf stfcmb, jnougmfd tmfp
empitndsm cnrft: jnbfmdfd pnrgfrfefd: efrm.
 p : p :
pnrgfrfefd sfburfd `nrdf. • Mjutm pritijib pnocnrmfd
• Gisms gfd tfrlnt dmbfm bfcirftirmuo efrus enpfrmd
snsufm jntmjf gmludfjfd cnrsfof gndlfd
tnrfpm hmcrmdibmtm
hmcrmdibmtmj.
j.
• Kfdlfd gmludfjfd kmjf emtudl triocismt 2
611.111 ftfu gmjntfeum fgfdyf rmwfyft
triocismtipndmf yfdl gmmdgujsm enpfrmd/
Enpfrmd-Mdgu`ng Werioci`ytipndmf (EMW).
^dtuj pfsmnd snpnrtm mdm gfpft
gmpnrtmocfdljfd pnocnrmfd flnd gmrn`t
fdtmteriocmd .
fdtmteriocmd.
Biw Oibn`ubfr Mdgmjfsm; udtuj pfsmnd PJF, spnsmhmj udtuj Qritijib PWNOM
\nmlet pfsmnd ^F/DPWNOM • ^smf 2<>te, `rnftmdmd
Enpfrmd Qnreftmfd; `bnfrfd`n dirofb: cibus mdmsmfb
(BO\E) / • Qnrgfrfefd onrupfjfd jiopbmjfsm gfrm 01ol MX gndlfd cibus jnguf
Ndixfpfrmd pndlludffd BO\E. Jidtrfmdgmjfsm pfgf 6ol/jlCC sucjutfd 6> ondmt
638

pfsmnd empnrsndsmtmh tnrefgfp jnougmfd, ubfdlm tmfp 63 kfo

enpfrmd/priguj cfcm (pirj)/rmwfyft fbnrlm (ofjsmofb 611ol/gisms udtuj
tnrefgfp icft tnrtndtu. 3 gisms pnrtfof).
• Ludfjfd ndixfpfrmd gndlfd eftm-eftm • ^smf 4<>te, tmgfj gmcnrmjfd
pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd EMW tmpn MM. gisms cibus MX, cnrmjfd
• Pnsufmjfd gisms pfgf pfsmnd mdsuhmsmndsm 1,<>ol/jlCC sucjutfd tmfp 63
rndfb. kfo (ofjsmofb <>ol udtuj 3
• Jidtrfmdgmjfsm kmjf triocismt 2 611.111. gisms pnrtfof).
^dtuj pfsmnd tnrsncut ludfjfd • Kmjf `rnftmdmd `bnfrfd`n 2
fdtmteriocmd gmrnj. 01 ob/odt cnrmjfd 6ol/jlCC
sucjutfd tmfp 37kfo
Qritijib ^F/DPWNOM
• Cibus mdmsmfb 01 ol MX,
gisms pnonbmefrffd 6ol/jlCC
sucjutfd tmfp 63kfo.
• Kmjf jbmrnds jrnftmdmd 2
01ob/ondmt cnrmjfd tmfp 37
kfo.
Hidgfpfrmdux Mdgmjfsm ; • PWNOM; Gisms fwfb 3,>ol mv

• Gmludfjfd pfgf jfsus PJF cibus gmmjutm 3,>ol sucjutfd

• Gfpft gmludfjfd sncflfm fdtmjiflubfd sntmfp 37 kfo emdllf 5 efrm
pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd rmwfyft EMW.
EMW. • DPWNOM/^FQ; 3,> ol
Jidtrf Mdgmjfsm; sucjutfd sntmfp 37 kfo
• Qfsmnd gndlfd jbmrnds jrnftmdmd 2 01
ob/ondmt.
• Eftm-eftm cmbf gmcnrmjfd pfgf pfsmnd
gndlfd jbmrnds jrnftmdmd fdtfrf 01->1
ob/ondmt
Qnreftmfd;
• Ondmdljftjfd rmsmji teriocisms gm
jftntnr pfgf pfsnmd yfdl ondkfbfdm
Mdtnrvndsm Qnrjutfd (MQJ): gmpnrbujfd
pnocnrmfd ^dhrf`tmidftng Enpfrmd
cnrsfof-sfof
• Jiopbmjfsm gfpft cnrupf pnrgfrfefd
j
Ptrnptijmdfsn • Mdgmjfsm; • Mdhirong `idsndt tnrtubms
PWNOM idsnt 263 kfo (pfbmdl cfmj gmcnrmjfd tnrbncme gfeubu (knbfsjfd
pfgf idsnt 20 kfo) ofdhfft gfd rmsmji)
• Ptrnptijmdfsn 6.> kutf M^
Jidtrfmdgmjfsm; gmnd`nrjfd gfbfo 611 ``
Bmeft cfc PJF G>/Df@b 1.=% gmcnrmjfd gfbfo
01-81 ondmt
• Fwfsm tfdgf-tfdgf
pnrgfrfefd, fbnrlm,
enoigmdfomj, gfd frmtomf

63<

ICFW-ICFW JNLF\FWGFS^SFWFD BFMDD]F

F. Dmtrft
Dmtrft ondyncfcjfd rnbfjsfsm gfrm itit pibis vfsjubfr. Onjfdmson yfdl tnrkfgm

onbfbum jidvnrsm gfrm icft yfdl gmcnrmjfd ondkfgm dmtrft ijsmgf pfgf ftfu gnjft

onocrfd pbfsof gfrm snb itit pibis pnocubue gfrfe. Dmtrft ijsmgf yfdl

tnrcndtuj fjfd ondlfjtmhjfd lufdmbft smjbfsn udtuj ondlefsmbjfd `y`bm`

lufdismdn oidipeispeftn (`LOQ), gfd fjuoubfsm gfrm `LOQ mdtrfsnbubfr mdm

fjfd ondyncfcjfd rnbfjsfsm itit pibis. @idtie icft-icftfd libidlfd dmtrft

fgfbfe dmtrilbmsnrmd gfd msisircmg gmdmtrft (MPGD)

C. Jfbsmuo Lbujidfs

Onjfdmson jnrkf gfrm jfbsmuo ondmdljftjfd focfdl pitndsmfb, snemdllf

ondlnocfbmjfd pnrcngffd lrfgmnd fdtfrf focfdl pitndsmfb gndlfd pitndsmfb

onocrfd mstmrfeft jn jidgmsm dirofb, yfdl ofdf ondlfbfom pndmdljftfd sfft

jidgmsm empnrjfbnomf. Jfbsmuo lbujidfs jurfdl pitnd gfd bncme tmgfj cnrsmhft

mrmtfsm tnrefgfp vndf gmcfdgmdljfd jfbsmuo jbirmgf.

@. Pigmuo cmjfrcidft (Cm`Dft)

Onjfdmson jnrkf gfrm sigmuo cmjfrcidft ondlftfsm fsmgisms kfrmdlfd gfd

fsmgisms snbfof endtm kfdtudl ofupud rnsusmtfsm (fjmcft rndgfedyf pnrhusm

kfrmdlfd).

G. Hurisnomg
Hurisnomgn cnjnrkf pfgf tem`j fs`ndgmdl bmoc gfrm biip ih Endbn
 Df+-3@b‗J+. Fjmcft
onbfbum onjfdmson pndlefocftfd smstno jitrfdspirt Df+-3@b‗

pndlefocftfd pfgf smstno mdm fjfd ondllfdllu pnocndtujfd jidgmsm

mdtnrsmsmuo yfdl empnrtidmj, snemdllf lrfgmnd yfdl gmcutuejfd udtuj

ondlnbufrjfd `fmrfd gfrm gujtus jibnjtmvus sn`frf pfsmh ondlfbfom

pndurudfd, fjmcftdyf prisns gmurnsmspud tnrkfgm.

N. Oirhmd Pubhft

Oirhmd fgfbfe icft yfdl gmludfjfd udtuj ondlftfsm rfsf sfjmt gndlfd

mdtndsmtfs sngfdl emdllf pfrfe, snpnrtm dynrm pfgf jfdjnr ftfu snrfdlfd

kfdtudl. Nhnj oirhmd tnrefgfp PPQ cnrupf fdfblnsmf gfd dfrjisms. Oirhmd gisms

jn`mb (>-61 ol) ondmocubjfd nuhirmf pfgf pfsmnd yfdl sngfdl ondgnrmtf dynrm,

sngme gfd lnbmsfe gfd pfgf irfdl dirofb snrmdljfbm ondmocubjfd gmshirmf

635

cnrupf pnrfsffd juftmr ftfu tfjut gmsnrtfm oufb gfd oudtfe. Ipmimg

ondmocubjfd fdfblnsmf gndlfd `frf cnrmjftfd gndlfd rnsnptir ipmimg yfdl

tnrutfof gmgfpftjfd gm PPQ gfd ongubf spmdfbms yfdl cnrpnrfd pfgf trfdsomsm

gfd oigubfsm dynrm.

H. Mdsubmd gfd Lbujisf

Mdsubmd gfpft ondurudjfd jfgfr lbujisf gfrfe gndlfd `frf ondstmoubfsm

focmbfd/uptfjn lbujisf gfrfe gm pnrmhnr gfd ondlefocft prigujsm lbujisf

ibne enpfr. Pnbfmd gfrmpfgf mtu, mdsubmd kulf ondlefocft prisns bmpibmsms gfd

pritnibysms, snrtf ondmdljftjfd smdtnsms pritnmd. Wfrlnt irlfd mdsubmd fgfbfe

pfgf kfrmdlfd itit sjnbntfb, enpfr, gfd kfrmdlfd fgmpisf.

L. Omgfzibfo
Omgfzibfo fgfbfe flnd sngftmh yfdl tnrofsuj jn gfbfo libidlfd

cndzigmfznpmd. Omgfzibfo fgfbfe sndyfwf 6,7 ‐ cndzigmfznpmd, cnrgfsfrjfd

fspnj hfrofjibilmsdyf sfdlft omrmp gndlfd gmfznpfo, tntfpm onombmjm

cncnrfpf jnbncmefd yfdl ondyncfcjfd omgfzibfo bncme cfdyfj

pndlludffddyf gm jbmdmj gmcfdgmdljfd gmfznpfo.

Wfcnb =.> Mdgmjfsm, Gisms, gfd @frf Qnocnrmfd Icft-icftfd Bfmddyf

Dfof Icft Mdgmjfsm Gisms gfd @frf pnocnrmfd
Dmtrft •Gmludfjfd pfgf lflfb kfdtudl • Wfcbnt ;
jidlnstmh, empnrtndsm nonrlndsm gfd i dmtrilbmsnrm
dmtrilbmsnrmd
d 6 tfcbnt (1,0 ‐ 1,7 ol)

icft
•
fdtm fdlmdf
Lflfb fwfb(tnrutfof
kfdtudl pfgf PJF yfdl sucbmdlufb, gfpft
gisms, mdtnrvfb gmubfdl emdllf 0
> ondmt.
 cnreucudlfd gndlfd fgfdyf msjnomf i msisircmg gmdmtrft > ol sucbmdlufb
omijfrg) gfpft gmubfdl emdllf 0 gisms, mdtnrvfb
• Empnrtndsm nonrlndsm > ondmt.
• Empnrtndsm pfru • MX ;
Jidtrfmdgmjfsm; i dmtrilbmsnrmd Gisms ofmdtndfd`n
• Empitndsm (WGP 2 =1 ooEl) oubfm 61 ¾l/ondmt (tmgfj tnrlfdtudl
• Wfjmjfrgm njstrmo 46>1x/ondmt ftfu cnrft cfgfd/jl), jnougmfd
crfgmjfrgmf njstrmo 2>1x/ondmt gmdfmjjfd tmfp 0-> ondmt 61 ¾l/ondmt
• Mdhfrj vndtrmjnb jfdfd snsufm jbmdms gfd tnjfdfd gfrfe.
• Qndlludffd smbgndfhmb (Xmflrf®) Gisms ofjsmofb 311 ¾l/ondmt.
gfbfo 37 kfo tnrfjemr i msisircmg gmdmtrft ; gisms 6-61
Qnreftmfd; ol/kfo tmtrfsm snsufm jbmdms gfd
• Gfpft ondyncfcjfd empitndsm, tnjfdfd gfrfe

tnrutfof pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd

empivibnomf
• Qfgf empnrtndsm nonrlndsm tfrlnt
ofjsmouo pndurudfd tnjfdfd gfrfe
fgfbfe 3>% gfrm Onfd Frtnrmfb Qrnssurn
(OFQ) fwfb.

63=

Oirhmd Mdgmjfsm; • Gmnd`nrjfd gfbfo 61 `` Df@b 1.=%

•
Dynrm gfgf pfgf Pmdgriof Jiridnr ftfu G>
Fjut (PJF) yfdl tmgfj rnspid gndlfd • Gmcnrmjfd cibus pnrbfefd

dmtrft. • Eftm-eftm nhnj gnprnsm pnrdfpfsfd

• Ngnof pfru fjut jfrgmilndmj (kmjf gfd empitndsm. Pmfpjfd fbft-fbft

tnjfdfd gfrfe fgnjuft) rnsusmtfsm, cfllmdl, gfd fdtmgitn
(dfbixidn) cmbf onoudljmdjfd
Qnreftmfd; • MOF-PWN; cnrmjfd 3 - 7 ol MX. Gfpft

• Gfpft ondyncfcjfd gnprnsm dfpfs. gmcnrmjfd gisms tfocfefd 3 ‐ 5 ol MX

• Gfpft ondyncfcjfd empitndsm pfgf gfbfo mdtnrvfb wfjtu > ‐ 6> ondmt.
pfsmnd empivibnomf. • PJF- DPWN; cnrmjfd 6 ‐ > ol MX kmjf

• Ludfjfd sn`frf eftm-eftm pfgf mdhfrj lnkfbf tmgfj cnrjurfdl gndlfd

vndtrmjnb jfdfd.
• Pmfpjfd fdtmgituo dfbijsid (1.17 ‐ 3
ol MX).
Hurisnomg • Pncflfm tnrfpm tfocfefd pfgf ngnof
pfru fjut gndlfd tnjfdfd gfrfe smstibmj
4=1-611 ooEl (tfdpf tfdgf gfd lnkfbf
syij).
pnocnrmfd dmtrft ftfu lnkfbf
cnrubfdl. Ludfjfd sn`frf eftm-eftm.
• Gisms 1.> ‐ 6 ol/jl gmcnrmjfd
snbfof 6 - 3 ondmt.
• Kmjf tmgfj fgf rnspid, gisms
gmdfmjjfd emdllf 3 ol/jl, gmcnrmjfd
pnrbfefd-bfefd
pnrbfefd-bfef d snbfof 6- 3 ondmt.
• Qfsfdl jftntnr urmdn

• Qfgf jidgmsm ngnof pfru fjut (dnw

idsnt) yfdl gmsnrtfm empivibnomf; 2

1.> ol/jl.
Omgfzibfo Icft sngfsm pnrsmfpfd mdtucfsm ftfu • Gisms 1,1> ‐ 1,6 ol/jl (ofjsmofb

jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm gisms gfbfo sftu jfbm pnocnrmfd; 7

ol) cibus pnbfd.
• Idsnt nhnj fjfd gmoubfm gfbfo 3->

ondmt, gndlfd gurfsm fdtfrf 6> ‐ 01

ondmt.
Mdsubmd gfd • gfpft gmcnrmjfd pfgf jfsus • 61 ^dmt Mdsubmd mv gmtfocfe 3>lrfo

G t em j b m g j m j k g ( b %) b
Gnxtrisn empnrjfbnomf gndlfd onjfdmson jnrkf gnxtrisf (>1ob G>1%) ftfu 83,>ob
rngmstrmcusm gfd semht mdtrfsnbubf
mdtrfsnbubfr.
r. G71%.
@fb`muo • Jidgmsm empnrjfbnomf ftfu gm`urmlfm • Bfrutfd @f Lbu`idfs 61% 6>-01 ob

lbu`idfs fgfdyf empnrjfbnomf (lflfb lmdkfb).

• Fdtmgituo udtuj nhnj tijsmj gfrm
pndlefocft jfdfb jfbsmuo ftfu
pndynjft cntf (empitndsm gfd frmtomf).
• Empijfbsnomf tnr-midmsfsm (`idtie;
sntnbfe trfdhusm gfrfe cnrubfdl)
Pigmuo • Empnrjfbnomf • 6 ONq/jlCC gmnd`nrjfd gfbfo >1
Cm`frcidft • Fsmgisms ontfcibmj yfdl rnspid `` G>/Df@b 1.=% cibus pnbfd (bncme
tnrefgfp pnocnrmfd cmjfrcidft cfmj onbfbum vndf cnsfr)
(jntifsmgisms gmfcntmj) ftfu jnrf`udfd
fdtmgnprnsfd trmsmjbmj, fspmrmd, jijfmd
ftfu gmhndemgrfomd.
• Snsusmtfsm yfdl cnrbfdlsudl bfof
gmsnrtfm vndtmbfsm yfdl nhnjtmh: jidgmsm
SIP@ (rnturd ih spidtfdnius
`mr`ubftmid) sntnbfe tnrkfgmdyf endtm
kfdtudl yfdl cnrbfdlsudl
cnrbfdlsudl bfof.

601

• Wmgfj cnrofdhfft ftfu tmgfj nhnjtmh

pfgf jidgmsm fsmgisms rnspmrftirmj
gndlfd empnrjfrcmf (endtm kfdtudl ftfu
rnsusmtfsm kfdtudl pfru tfdpf gmbfjujfd
mdtucfsm)
• Wmgfj gmrnjiondgfsmjfd udtuj
gmcnrmjfd rutmd pfgf pfsmnd yfdl
ondlfbfom endtm kfdtudl
 606

SNHNSNDPM

6. Qnremopudfd Gijtnr Ppnsmfbms Jfrgmivfsjubfr Mdgidnsmf. Icft ]fdl Gmludfjfd

Gfbfo Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl

Kfdtudl Bfdkut. Ngmsm Jntmlf. Kfjfrtf; QNSJM: 316>.

3. Pifr, K., Qnrjmds, L. G., Of`idi`emn, M., Cøttmlnr, C. \., Gnfjmd, @. G., Pfdgridm, @.,

... & Pnonrfri, H. (316=). Nuripnfd Snsus`mtftmid @iud`mb Lumgnbmdns hir

Snsus`mtftmid; 3165 ^pgftn‐Fdtmfrreyteom`

‐Fdtmfrreyteom` gruls hir `frgmf` frrnst.

Snsus`mtftmid,, 607
Snsus`mtftmid 607,, ==-610.

0. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cnrl, J. O., Jugnd`euj, Q. K., Gnb Smis, O., Emrs`e, J. L., Bmdj, O. P.,

... & Efzmdsjm, O. H. (3165). 3165 Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid hi`usng upgftn id

fgvfd`ng `frgmivfs`ubfr bmhn suppirt usn ih fdtmfrreyteom` gruls gurmdl fdg

moongmftnby fhtnr `frgmf` frrnst; fd upgftn ti ten Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid

lumgnbmdns hir `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid fdg nonrlnd`y `frgmivfs`ubfr `frn.

@mr`ubftmid,, 605
@mr`ubftmid 605(30),
(30), n<71-n<7=.

7. Eibbndcnrl, P. O. (3166). Xfsif`tmvn gruls md `mr`ubftiry sei`j. Fonrm`fd kiurdfb

ih rnspmrftiry fdg `rmtm`fb `frn ongm`mdn,

ongm`mdn , 650
650(<),
(<), 57<-5>>.

>. Bnm, O., \u, B., Wnrrfr, G. F., & Eufdl, @. B. E. (3165). Oignrdmzng `bfssmhm`ftmid

ih `frgmf` fdtmfrreyteom` gruls. @mr`ubftmid

@mr`ubftmid,, 605
605(6<),
(6<), 65<=-65=8.

8. Mcfdnz, C., Kfons, P., Flnwfbb, P., Fdtudns, O. K., Cu``mfrnbbm-Gu``m, @., Cundi, E.,
 ... & Emdgrm`js, L. (316<). 316< NP@ Lumgnbmdns hir ten ofdflnondt ih f`utn

oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid md pftmndts prnsndtmdl wmte PW-snlondt

P W-snlondt nbnvftmid; Wen Wfsj

Hir`n hir ten ofdflnondt ih f`utn oyi`frgmfb mdhfr`tmid md pftmndts prnsndtmdl

wmte PW-snlondt nbnvftmid ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih @frgmibily (NP@). Nuripnfd

enfrt kiurdfb, 0=
0=(3),
(3), 66=-6<<.

<. Sihhm, O., Qftridi, @., @ibbnt, K. Q., Ounbbnr, @., Xfblmomlbm, O., Fdgrnittm, H., ... &

Lnd`nr, C. (3168). 316> NP@ Lumgnbmdns hir ten ofdflnondt ih f`utn `iridfry

sydgrions md pftmndts prnsndtmdl wmteiut pnrsmstndt PW-snlondt nbnvftmid; Wfsj

Hir`n hir ten Ofdflnondt ih F`utn @iridfry Pydgrions md Qftmndts Qrnsndtmdl

wmteiut Qnrsmstndt PW-Pnlondt Nbnvftmid ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih @frgmibily

(NP@). Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb, 0<(0), 38<-06>.

5. Crulfgf, K., Jftrmtsms, G. L., Frcnbi, N., Frrmcfs, H., Cfx, K. K., Cbiostrøo-Budgqvmst,

@., ... & Lionz-Gicbfs, K. K. (316=). 316= NP@ Lumgnbmdns hir ten ofdflnondt ih

pftmndts wmte suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmfWen Wfsj Hir`n hir ten ofdflnondt ih

603

pftmndts wmte suprfvndtrm`ubfr tf`ey`frgmf ih ten Nuripnfd Pi`mnty ih @frgmibily

(NP@). Nuripnfd enfrt kiurdfb.

=. Xfblmomlbm, O., Cundi, E., Cyrdn, S. F., @ibbnt, K. Q., @istf, H., Knppssid, F., ... &

Oidtfbns`it, L. (316<). 316< NP@ hi`usng upgftn id gufb fdtmpbftnbnt tenrfpy md

`iridfry frtnry gmsnfsn gnvnbipng md `ibbfcirftmid wmte NF@WP. Nuripnfd kiurdfb

ih `frgmi-teirf`m` surlnry, >0

>0(6),
(6), 07-<5.

61. Pmdlbntfry, N. O., @efrbtid, D. Q., Npstnmd, K. B., Hnrlusid, K. G., Kndsnd, K. B.,

Of`Qenrsid, F. M., ... & [mgnofd, G. F. (316>). Qfrt 6>; hmrst fmg; 316> Fonrm`fd

Enfrt Fssi`mftmid fdg Fonrm`fd Sng @riss lumgnbmdns upgftn hir hmrst fmg.

@mr`ubftmid,, 603
@mr`ubftmid 603(65YsuppbY3),
(65YsuppbY3), P><7-P>5=.
66. Eudt, N. F., Knhhnrs, K., O`Dfofrf, B., Dnwtid, E., Hirg, J., Cnrdmnr, O., ... & Guvfb‑

Frdiubg, K. (3165). Moprivng `frgmipuboidfry rnsus`mtftmid pnrhirofd`n wmte

@IGN F@NP3; f rnsus`mtftmid qufbmty cudgbn. Kiurdfb ih ten Fonrm`fd Enfrt

Fssi`mftmid, <(37), n11=581.

‗‗‗ºººŐ«««‗‗‗
 600

CFC U
WMO GFS^SFW ONGMP

W^K^FD QNOCNBFKFSFD

• Onofefom `frf jnrkf sncflfm fdllitf tmo gfrurft ongms

• Onofefom `frf jnrkf sncflfm pmopmdfd tmo gfrurft ongms

• Onofefom `frf jnrkf tmo gfrurft ongms yfdl nhnjtmh

F. Qndgfeubufd

Gm sntmfp udmt jnsneftfd fpfjfe sncufe ruofe sfjmt, jbmdmj ftfu focubfds lfwft

gfrurft gmpnrbujfd fgfdyf tmo ongms / pfrfongms yfdl sibmg gfd ofopu cnrcflm tulfs

gndlfd cfmj udtuj ondynbfoftjfd kmwf pfsmnd, jfrndf cfdyfj tulfs yfdl efrus

gmbfjsfdfjfd.

tm o
Wmo tnrsncut efrus sfdlft tnrbftme udtuj onbfjujfd CEKG ofupud CEKB. Gm gfbfo tmo

efrus fgf pnomopmd tmo gfd fdllitf, gfd ofsmdl ofsmdl efrus ondlntfeum tulfs gfd

tfdlludl kfwfcdyf.
C. Wukufd Qnocnbfkfrfd

Jntmjf Fdgf snbnsfm onopnbfkfrm cflmfd mdm, fdgf gmefrfpjfd gfpft cnjnrkf sncflfm

tmo yfdl nhnjtmh, cnjnrkf snofjsmofb oudljmd cfmj sncflfm fdllitf ofupud sncflfm

pnomopmd tmo, gndlfd tukufd fjemr fgfbfe onocnrmjfd pnbfyfdfd yfdl tnrcfmj udtuj

pfsmnd.

Qnrfdfd Qnomopmd Wmo

6. Qnrfdfd Qnomopmd Wmo

Pnouf tmo rnsusmtfsm onocutuejfd snirfdl pnomopmd udtuj ondlftur usfef

yfdl gmbfjujfd ibne lrup tnrsncut. Qnomopmd tmo cnrtfdlludl kfwfc udtuj

onofstmjfd cfewf snouf gmbfjujfd pfgf sfft yfdl tnpft gndlfd `frf yfdl tnpft

gndlfd onofdtfu gfd ondlmdtnlrfsmjfd jmdnrkf pnrirfdlfd snouf fdllitf tmo.

\fbfu cnlmtu, pnomopmd tmo efrusbfe ofemr gfbfo snouf jntnrfopmbfd jeusus

yfdl efrus gmsnbnsfmjfd snbfof rnsusmtfsm.

Qnomopmd tmo efrus cnrtmdgfj sncflfm snirfdl luru ftfu pnofdgu udtuj

onocfdtu onbftme pfrf `fbid pnomopmd tmo yfdl fjfd gftfdl gfd onopnrcfmjm
607

nhnjtmvmtfs tmo. Pntnbfe rnsusmtfsm, pnomopmd tmo gfpft onocnrmjfd fdfbmsf, jrmtmj,
jrm tmj,
gfd prfjtnj sncflfm pnrsmfpfd udtuj usfef rnsusmtfsm cnrmjutdyf.

3. Wulfs Qnomopmd Wmo

• Onofdtfu jmdnrkf pnrirfdlfd gfrm snouf fdllitf tmo

• Ondyijidl fdllitf tmo

• Cnrjidsndtrfsm pfgf pndfdlfdfd pfsmnd sn`frf jioprnendsmh

• Ondlfkfr gfd onbftme

• Onocnrmjfd pnofefofd

Qnrfdfd Fdllitf Wmo

Fdllitf tmo efrus ofemr gfbfo jntnrfopmbfd gmofdf onrnjf tnbfe gmbftme gfd

gmcnrmjfd jnwndfdlfd udtuj onbfjujfddyf gfbfo rufdl bmdljup prfjtnj onrnjf. Efb

mdm pndtmdl cflm jncnrefsmbfd suftu usfef rnsusmtfsm.

• Pmfp udtuj ononduem tfdlludl kfwfc pnrfdfddyf

• Pnrmdl onoprfjtnjjfd jntnrfopmbfd rnsusmtfsm

• Onombmjm pndlntfeufd ondlndfm fblirmton

 • Onombmjm pndlntfeufd ondlndfm fblirmton

• Cnrtfdlludl kfwfc udtuj ond`fpfm jncnrefsmbfd

• Onbfjsfdfjfd pnrmdtfe pnomopmd tmo

Efb-Efb yfdl Cibne Gmbfjujfd

6. Qnomopmd Wmo

Ondntfpjfd gndlfd knbfs snouf pnrfdfd fdllitf tmo gfbfo susudfd/ snttmdl

jbmdms.

3. Fdllitf Wmo

• Ond`frm/onomdtf gfd onbfjsfdfjfd tulfs yfdl tnbfe gmtntfpjfd gndlfd

knbfs gfd bfyfj udtuj tmdljft jiopntndsmdyf.

jiopntndsmdyf.

• Onomdtf tulfs ftfu pnrfdfd cfru cmbf tulfs Fdgf tnrbfbu submt udtuj Fdgf

bfjujfd cnrgfsfrjfd pndlfbfofd ftfu jiopntndsm fdgf

Efb-Efb yfdl Wmgfj Cibne Gmbfjujfd Qnomopmd Wmo

• Ondlfcfmjfd udtuj onocnrmjfd tulfs jnpfgf fdllitf tmo yfdl fgf

• Onocnrmjfd tulfs jnpfgf fdllitf tmo yfdl tmgfj yfjmd fjfd tfdlludl

60>

kfwfcdyf

• Onocflmjfd tulfs gndlfd tmgfj onrftf snemdllf cncnrfpf irfdl

ondgfpft tulfs yfdl tnrbfbu cfdyfj snondtfrf yfdl bfmddyf ondgfpft

tulfs yfdl tnrbfbu sngmjmt

• Ondlemdgfr gfrm tulfs

• Ondlfocmb tulfs yfdl onbncmem tmdljft jiopntndsm ftfu jnofemrfd Fdgf

Ondlntfeum Jntnrcftfsfd Pnsnirfdl

Wmgfj efdyf fdllitf tmo yfdl efrus ondlntfeum jntnrcftfsfd gfd jnofopufddyf

ofsmdl-ofsmdl, pnomopmd tmo pud efrus ondyfgfrm efb tnrsncut. Qndlntfeufd mdm

onoudljmdjfd pnomopmd tmo udtuj ondlnvfbufsm suocnr gfyf tmo gfd onofdllmb

cf`j-up ftfu pndyijidl cflm fdllitf tmo cmbf gmcutuejfd cfdtufd. Fdllitf tmo efrus

ondlfdtmsmpfsm smtufsm gmofdf onrnjf oudljmd onocutuejfd cfdtufd gfd efrus

ondlmdhirofsmjfddyf jnpfgf pnomopmd tmo.

Pnbfof pnbfjsfdffd usfef rnsusmtfsm, kfdlfd onoprfjtnjjfd ftfu ond`icf

jntnrfopmbfd cfru. Cmbf gmcutuejfd pnrtibidlfd tfocfefd, omdtfbfe sngmdm oudljmd.

Mdlftbfe cfewf onomdtf pnrtibidlfd cujfdbfe suftu tfdgf jnbnofefd ftfu

jntmgfj`fjfpfd: fgfbfe bncme cfmj udtuj ondgfpftjfd bncme cfdyfj pnrtibidlfd gfrm

yfdl gmcutuejfd gfrmpfgf tmgfj ondgfpftjfd pnrtibidlfd yfdl `ujup, yfdl gfpft

onopndlfruem efsmb fjemr pfsmnd sn`frf dnlftmh.

Nvfbufsm ^bfdl gfd Onocuft Sfdljuofd

Qnrfdfd pndtmdl pnomopmd tmo fgfbfe onofdtfu gfd onbfjujfd nvfbufsm ubfdl

tnrefgfp ;

• Ptftus pfsmnd

• Mdtnrvndsm yfdl tnbfe gmbfjujfd

• Wnoufd yfdl gmpnribne gfrm pnonrmjsffd yfdl tnbfe gmbfjujfd.

Onrupfjfd suftu prfjtnj yfdl cfmj cflm pnomopmd tmo udtuj onrfdljuo snouf

mdhirofsm mdm gndlfd bfdtfdl gfbfo upgftn cnrjfbf cflm snburue tmo. Jfkm ubfdl stftus

usfef rnsusmtfsm gfd uouojfd rnd`fdf cncnrfpf bfdljfe snbfdkutdyf. Mdlftbfe cfewf

jidgmsm pfsmnd gfpft cnrucfe. Wntfpbfe cnrsmjfp hbnjsmcnb tnrefgfp pnrucfefd

rnd`fdf pndlicftfd gfd bmeft jnocfbm gmfldisf gmhnrndsmfb fwfb.

608

Pfbmdl Ondlefrlfm

Wmo yfdl tnrcfmj tnrsusud ftfs fdllitf yfdl sfbmdl ondlefrlfm sftu sfof bfmd gfd

cnjnrkf cnrsfof-sfof sn`frf jibnlmfb. ^dtuj onombmjm suftu tmo rnsusmtfsm yfdl

onombmjm jmdnrkf tmdllm, snouf irfdl efrus ondfdllfbjfd nlidyf gfd ondlefrlfm

sftu sfof bfmd snbfof pnbfjsfdffd rnsusmtfsm, tfdpf onbmeft pnbftmefd tfocfefd ftfu

pndlfbfofd yfdl gmombmjm ibne pnomopmd tmo ftfu fdllitf tmo tnrtndtu.

Efb-Efb yfdl Efrus Gmbfjujfd

Qnomopmd Wmo gfd Fdllitf Wmo

• Cnrcm`frf gndlfd sufrf yfdl rfofe gfd dfgf yfdl tnrjndgfbm

• Ondlemdgfrm cnrtnrmfj ftfu ondudkujjfd flrnsm cmbf Fdgf tmgfj ondlnrtm fwfbdyf

Wmo Gfrurft Ongms

Wmo gfrurft ongms ftfu tmo rnfjsm `npft tnbfe gmmopbnondtfsmjfd gm cfdyfj ruofe
sfjmt. Wukufd gfrm tmo mdm fgfbfe udtuj onopnrcfmjm efsmb fjemr pfsmnd gndlfd

ondlmgndtmhmjfsm gfd ondfdlfdm pnrcurujfd jbmdms tfefp fwfb. Endtm kfdtudl yfdl

tnrkfgm gm ruofe sfjmt uouodyf gmgfeubum ibne pnrucfefd hmsmibilms. Gfbfo sncufe

pndnbmtmfd, efopmr 51% pfsmnd yfdl gmrfwft gm ruofe sfjmt yfdl ondgnrmtf endtm kfdtudl

gfd dfhfs onombmjm tfdgf-tfdgf vmtfb fcdirofb yfdl tnrgijuondtfsm emdllf 5 kfo

sncnbuo tnrkfgm endtm yfdl sncndfrdyf. Qnrucfefd - pnrucfefd mdm gfpft gmjndfbm

onbfbum pnofdtfufd tfdgf-tfdgf vmtfb. Mdtnrvndsm sncnbuo pnrcurujfd jbmdms ftfu endtm

kfdtudl onoudljmdjfd udtuj gmbfjujfd.

60<

SNHNSNDPM

6. @uoomds SI, nt. Fb. F@BP privmgnr ofdufb. Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid; ^pgftng

3117.

3. @uoomds SI. F@BP ‐ Snhnrnd`n Wnxtciij. F@BP; prmd`mpbns fdg prf`tm`n. Fonrm`fd

Enfrt Fssi`mftmid 3110, 5-6>, ><-5<.

0. Gnpfrtnond Jnsneftfd SM. Smsnt jnsneftfd gfsfr 311<. Cfgfd Qndnbmtmfd gfd

Qndlnocfdlfd Jnsneftfd Gnpfrtnond Jnsneftfd SM. 3115.

7. Nmsndcnrl OP, @uoomds SI. Gnhmcrmbbftmid pnrhirong cy ten nonrlnd`y ongm`fb

tn`edm`mfd. @mr`ubftmid. 6=58:<7(pt 3);MX =-63

>. Hmng KO, Ofry HE, Gfvmg L. Efdg Ciij ih Nonrlnd`y @frgmf` @frn. Fonrm`fd Enfrt

Fssi`mftmid 311>, 0-=.

8. Hmnbg KO, nt. Fb. Fgvfd`ng @frgmf` Bmhn Puppirt Qrivmgnr Ofdufb, Fonrm`fd Enfrt

Fssi`mftmid; 3118.

< L cc DS g D c GN @ gm b m t g Q j tC j
 <. Lrucc DS gfd Dnwcy GN. @frgmibily md f`utn `iridfry sydgrion. Qi`jnt Ciij

@frgmibily, Ngmsm jn 3, Nbsnvmnr, 3118; Cfc >; =6-603.

5. Efribg CB. Nbn`tri`frgmilrfpey; 611 gmfldistm` `rmtnrmf. ]nfr Ciij Ongm`fb Qucbmsenr,

6=5<, 60>-60<. Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid, Lumgnbmdns @QS N@@ 311>.

=. Qfd`efb, F. S., Cfrtis, K. F., @fcföfs, K. L., Giddmdi, O. \., Grnddfd, M. S., Emrs`e, J.

L., … & Cnrl, J. O. (3131). Qfrt 0; Fgubt Cfsm` fdg Fgvfd`ng Bmhn Puppirt; 3131

Fonrm`fd Enfrt Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmid fdg

Nonrlnd`y @frgmivfs`ubfr @frn. @mr`ubftmid, 673(68YPuppbY3), P088-P785.

61. Jnrcnr SN, Lrfyznb K, Eiyt S, Ofr`us O, Jnddngy K. Wrfdsteirf`m` rnsmstfd`n md

euofd gnhmcrmbbftmid; mdhbund`n ih cigy wnmlet, `enst smzn, snrmfb sei`j, pfggbn smzn

fdg pfggbn `idtf`t prnssurn. @mr`ubftmid. 6=56:80;8<8-53.

66. Wfsj hir`n id f`utn enfrt hfmburn ih ten NP@. NP@ Lumgnbmdn. Nxn`utmvn suoofry ih

ten lumgnbmdns id ten gmfldisms fdg trnftondt ih f`utn enfrt hfmburn. Nuripnfd Enfrt

Kiurdfb. 311>; 057.

63. Kied O. Hmnbg, Ofry Hrfd Efzmdsjm, Om`efnb S. Pfyrn,nt.fb. 3161 Fonrm`fd Enfrt

Fssi`mftmid Lumgnbmdns hir @frgmipuboidfry Snsus`mtftmids fdg Nonrlnd`y

@frgmivfs`ubfr @frn P`mndn. @mr`ubftmid. 3161:633;P80=-P=78.

605

CFC UM

Cfdtufd Emgup Kfdtudl Bfdkutfd Qngmftrm

F. QNDGFE^B^FD
Gm Fonrmjf Pnrmjft, tnrgfpft bncme gfrm 31.111 jfsus endtm kfdtudl pfgf cfym gfd fdfj

pnr tfeuddyf, gndlfd sntmgfjdyf <.111 jfsus gmfdtfrfdyf tnrkfgm gm bufr ruofe sfjmt

(IE@F) pfgf tfeud 316>. Pnjmtfr 66,7% pfsmnd IE@F pngmftrm gfpft cnrtfefd emgup

emdllf pubfdl rfwft, dfoud fdljf mdm bncme cnrvfrmfsm tnrlfdtudl jnbiopij usmf gndlfd

tmdljft jnbfdlsudlfd emgup sncnsfr 6<,6% pfgf rnofkf, 60,3%

60 ,3% pfgf fdfj, gfd 7,=% pfgf

cfym. Qfgf tfeud yfdl bfof, mdsmgnds endtm kfdtudl fdfj gm gfbfo ruofe sfjmt (ME@F) yfmtu

63,88 jfsus pnr 6111 cfym gfd fdfj yfdl gmrfwft, gndlfd tmdljft jnbfdlsudlfd emgup

emdllf pubfdl rfwft sncnsfr 76,6%. Bufrfd dnuribilms pfgf cnrcflfm jnbiopij usmf fdfj
ofsme submt gmdmbfm, tnrutfof ondlmdlft stugm-stugm pfgf IE@F gfd ME@F pngmftrm onombmjm

`frf pnbfpirfd gfd gurfsm wfjtu pndlfoftfd yfdl cnrvfrmfsm. Bufrfd dnuribilms yfdl

cfmj gmbfpirjfd tnrgfpft pfgf emdllf 7<% pfsmnd emdllf pubfdl rfwft. Onsjmpud fdljf

jnbfdlsudlfd emgup pfgf ME@F ondmdljft, ofsme cfdyfj yfdl pnrbu gmbfjujfd udtuj

ondmdljftjfd fdljf jnsmdtfsfd gfd bufrfd dnuribilms pfgf pfsmnd-pfsmnd mdm.

Qfdgufd mdm cnrmsm rnjiondgfsm udtuj cfdtufd emgup gfsfr gfd bfdkut udtuj pngmftrm

gmbufr pnrmign dnidftus yfdl gmsfrmjfd gfrm cujtm-cujtm tnrcfru. Sfdtfm cnrtfefd emgup

sfft mdm gmpnrbufs udtuj ond`fjup pnrmign pnrfwftfd sntnbfe endtm kfdtudl snemdllf

ononrbujfd jiirgmdfsm nhnjtmh fdtfrf cnrcflfm pmefj. Qfdgufd mdm gmofjsugjfd udtuj

gmludfjfd ibne pndibidl fwfo gfd ongms gm udtuj ondlmgndtmhmjfsm cfym gfd fdfj pfgf

hfsn sncnbuo, sfft, gfd sntnbfe endtm kfdtudl cfmj gm gfbfo ofupud gm bufr ruofe sfjmt.

Qfsmnd pngmftrm gmgnhmdmsmjfd sncflfm cfym, fdfj, gfd rnofkf cnrusmf gm cfwfe 65 tfeud,

dfoud tmgfj ond`fjup cfym cfru bfemr. Cfym cfru bfemr gmgnhmdmsmjfd sncflm cfym gfbfo

pnrfwftfd ruofe sfjmt pnrtfof sntnbfe bfemr, snemdllf pfdgufd mdm tntfp cnrbfju pfgf

dnidftus cnrusmf 201 efrm yfdl tnbfe pubfdl rfwft. Cfym ond`fjup usmf gm cfwfe 6 tfeud
snondtfrf fdfj udtuj usmf 6 tfeud emdllf
emdll f pucnrtfs. Qfdgufd udtuj CEKG gnwfsf cnrbfju

udtuj rnofkf yfdl tnbfe pucnrtfs gfd bncme tuf.

60=

C. JIDPNQ ^WFOF

Wnrgfpft pnrcngffd pndtmdl pfgf npmgnomibilm, pftihmsmibilm, gfd ntmibilm tnrsnrmdl

gfrm endtm kfdtudl pfgf fdfj gndlfd endtm kfdtudl pfgf dnidftus gfd gnwfsf. Endtm

kfdtudl pfgf cfym gfd fdfj uouodyf cujfd fjmcft bfdlsudl gfrm lfdllufd kfdtudl,

dfoud onrupfjfd jiopbmjfsm lflfb dfpfs ftfu syij cnrjnbfdkutfd. Endtm kfdtudl pfgf

pfsmnd fdfj uouodyf gmgfeubum ibne pnrcurujfd yfdl cnrfjemr pfgf jnlflfbfd kfdtudl-

pfru, crfgmjfrgmf, emdllf endtm kfdtudl. Lfdllufd kfdtudl sncflfm pndyncfc utfof

uouodyf gmtnoujfd pfgf fdfj gndlfd pndyfjmt kfdtudl cfwffd.

Bufrfd udtuj ME@F pngmftrm tnbfe ondmdljft gfbfo guf gnjfgn tnrfjemr, sncflmfd
jfrndf tnbfe gmtnrfpjfddyf ontign udtuj gntnjsm gmdm, SKQ cnrjufbmtfs tmdllm, pnrfwftfd

pfs`f endtm kdfdtudl, gfd SKQ njstrfjirpirnfb. Pfft mdm, jfsus endtm kfdtudl bncme snrmdl

gmtnoum gm rufdl rfwft mdtndsmh (M@^), ondlmdgmjfsmjfd cfewf pfsmnd yfdl cnrmsmji endtm
kfdtudl tnbfe gfpft gmmgndtmhmjfsm bncme fwfb gfd gmpmdgfejfd jn rufdlfd gndlfd

pndlfwfsfd bncme jntft.

Gm smsm bfmd, tmdljft jnbfdlsudlfd emgup pfgf pfsmnd IE@F cnbuo sncfmj yfdl

gmefrfpjfd. Fdfbmsms rnlmstrm IE@F oubtmsndtnr tnrcfru gfrm Snsus`mtftmid Iut`ions

@idsirtmuo Npmgnomibilm`fb Snlmstry ondudkujjfd cfewf pfgf IE@F pngmftrm, fdljf

jnbfdlsudlfd emgup emdllf pubfdl rfwft cnrjmsfr 8,<% emdllf 61,3% snpfdkfdl pnrmign
311<-3163, cnrlfdtudl pfgf gfnrfe gfd usmf pfsmnd. Fdljf mdm tmgfj cnrucfe smldmhmjfd

pfgf tfeud-tfeud tnrfjemr, snrupf gndlfd `ftftfd dfsmidfb gm cnrcflfm dnlfrf snpnrtm

Knpfdl, Fustrfbmf, gfd Pnbfdgmf Cfru. Ptugm yfdl sfof ondudkujjfd fdljf jnsmdtfsfd

IE@F bncme tmdllm jntmjf tnrgfpft pfrfongms pfgf sfft endtm kfdtudl gfd pnocnrmfd SKQ

pndlfoft gndlfd bfku bncme tmdllm. Efb mdm gntnjsm gmdm gfd tftfbfjsfdf snlnrf pfgf pfsmnd

IE@F.

671
 Lfocfr 66.6. Fblirmtof Endtm Kfdtudl Qfsmnd Fdfj

676

Wftfbfjsfdf XH/pXW

Smsmji XH/pXW ondmdljft snbfof fdfj-fdfj gfd rnofkf, wfbfupud ofsme bncme kfrfdl

gmcfdgmdljfd gnwfsf. Endtm kfdtudl gndlfd mrfof mdmsmfb XH/pXW onombmjm tmdljft

jnbfdlsudlfd emgup emdllf pubfdl rfwft gfd hudlsm dnuribilms yfdl bncme cfmj

gmcfdgmdljfd endtm kfdtudl gndlfd mrfof mdmsmfb yfdl tmgfj gfpft gmgnhmcrmbfsm. Mrfof yfdl

gfpft gmgnhmcrmbfsm gfpft oud`ub sncflfm mrfof mdmsmfb sfft endtm kfdtudl (XH/pXW prmonr)

ftfu oud`ub sfft upfyf rnsusmtfsm (XH/pXW snjudgnr). Gnhmcrmbfsm fgfbfe tftfbfjsfdf

gnhmdmtmh udtuj XW/pXH. Pnofjmd pndgnj gurfsm XH/pXW,

XH/ pXW, snofjmd oudljmd gnhmcrmbfsm fjfd

ondyncfcjfd mrfof pnrhusm. Cfmj gnhmcrmbftir ofdufb ofupud GNI gfpft gmludfjfd

j b j / g j g hc b bb ceg bej
udtuj ondftfbfjsfdf XH/pXW pfgf fdfj, dfoud gnhmcrmbftir ofdufb bncme gmpmbme jfrndf

gisms jnkut gfpft gmtmtrfsm snsufm cnrft cfgfd pfsmnd. GNI onombmjm spnsmhmsmtfs tmdllm

gfbfo ondlmgndtmhmjfsm mrfof yfdl gfpft gmgnhmcrmbfsm pfgf pngmftrm. Gnhmcrmbftir cmhfsmj

bncme gmrnjiondgfsmjfd gfrmpfgf oidihfsmj jfrndf ondyncfcjfd tnromdfsm XH/pXW

gndlfd gisms bncme rndgfe gfd onombmjm nhnj sfopmdl bncme sngmjmt. Jncfdyfjfd GNI

gmgnsfmd udtuj ondlurfdlm gisms gnhmcrmbfsm flfr `i`ij udtuj cfym gfd fdfj gm cfwfe 5

tfeud.

Fbft Cfdtu Dfpfs Wmdljft Bfdkut Pnbfof SKQ

Pncflmfd cnsfr endtm kfdtudl pfgf fdfj gmpm`u ibne pnrcurujfd hudlsm pnrdfpfsfd,

snemdllf vndtmbfsm nhnjtmh gfd ofdfknond kfbfd dfpfs ondkfgm pndtmdl gfbfo rnsusmtfsm.

\fbfupud vndtmbfsm gfpft sujsns gmbfjujfd pfgf sncflfmd cnsfr pfsmnd ondlludfjfd

vndtmbfsm jfdtudl dfpfs-sudljup oujf, ontign mdm ondyncfcjfd mdtnrupsm jioprnsm

gfgf gfd cnrfsismfsm gndlfd rmsmji fspmrfsm gfd cfritrfuof.

Mdtnrvndsm cfdtufd dfpfs tmdljft bfdkut, snpnrtm pndlludffd fbft cfdtu kfbfd dfpfs

suprflbitms ftfu mdtucfsm ndgitrfjnf gfpft ondmdljftjfd vndtmbfsm, ondlurfdlm rmsmji

fspmrfsm, gfd onoudljmdjfd jioprnsm gfgf yfdl tmgfj tnrmdtnrupsm. Onsjmpud gnomjmfd,
upfyf pndnopftfd fbft cfdtu mdm gfpft ondlmdtnrupsm jioprnsm ftfu ondyncfcjfd

ofbpismsm fbft. Ibne jfrndf mdm gmcutuejfd fbft cfdtu yfdl tnpft gfd pndibidl

cnrpndlfbfofd, jfrndf efb mdm oudljmd fjfd submt pfgf pndibidl yfdl kfrfdl

ondlmdtucfsm fdfj.

673

Qnocnrmfd Icft-Icftfd Pnbfof SKQ

Flnd vfsifjtmh snpnrtm npmdnhrmd gmludfjfd snbfof endtm kfdtudl udtuj onom`u

jnocfbmdyf smrjubfsm spidtfd gndlfd iptmofbmsfsm pnrhusm jiridnr gfd onopnrtfefdjfd

pnrhusm snrncrfb, dfoud jnudtudlfd gfd wfjtu pnocnrmfd yfdl iptmofb ofsme cnbuo

gmjntfeum gndlfd pfstm. Flnd fdtmfrmtomf ondlurfdlm rmsmji hmcrmbfsm vndtrmjnb (XH) gfd

tfjmjfrgmf vndtrmjnb tfdpf dfgm (pXW) cnrubfdl sntnbfe gnhmcrmbfsm, snemdllf oudljmd gfpft

ondmdljftjfd jncnrefsmbfd gnhmcrmbfsm. Gftf sfft mdm tmgfj ondgujudl pndlludffd rutmd

sigmuo cmjfrcidft ofupud jfbsmuo gfbfo endtm kfdtudl. Onsjmpud cnlmtu, pfgf jidgmsm

jeusus snpnrtm mocfbfds nbnjtribmt gfd jnrf`utfd icft-icftfd tnrtndtu, pnocnrmfddyf

tntfp gmmdgmjfsmjfd
tntfp gmmdgmjfsmjfd.

Gisms udtuj fdfj gmgfsfrjfd pfgf cnrft cfgfd, yfdl f`fpjfbm submt gmdmbfm pfgf jidgmsm

lfwft gfrurft. ^dtuj mtu, tnrgfpft cncnrfpf ontign nstmofsm cnrft cfgfd yfdl gfpft

gmludfjfd.

Qndmbfmfd Jufbmtfs Snsusmtfsm

Onoubfm gfd onopnrtfefdjfd SKQ cnrjufbmtfs tmdllm gmfsismfsmjfd gndlfd

pndmdljftfd bfku SIP@, jnbfdlsudlfd emgup, gfd bufrfd dnuribilms yfdl bncme cfmj:

onsjmpud gnomjmfd, jufbmtfs SKQ snrmdljfbm ofsme suciptmofb. Qnofdtfufd jufbmtfs SKQ

gfpft gmbfjujfd gndlfd tnjdmj pnofdtfufd mdvfsmh ofupud didmdvfsmh. Qndlujurfd

tnjfdfd gfrfe frtnrm sn`frf mdvfsmh gfpft onocnrmjfd lfocfrfd cnsfrfd tnjfdfd gfrfe

yfdl oud`ub fjmcft jioprnsm gfd pnocnrmfd icft-icftfd. Qndlujurfd @I3 gm fjemr hfsn

tmgfb (NW@I3) onrnhbnjsmjfd `urfe kfdtudl gfd nhnjtmhmtfs vndtmbfsm, gfd gfpft

onocnrmjfd uopfd cfbmj tnrefgfp jufbmtfs SKQ. Qndmdljftfd NW@I3 ondgfgfj gfpft

ondkfgm tfdgf fwfb SIP@. Fbft udtuj onocnrmjfd uopfd cfbmj tnrefgfp jufbmtfs SKQ

(snpnrtm fbft bftmefd, fugmi, ofupud fugmivmsufb) gfpft ondmdljftjfd bfku gfd jngfbfofd

jioprnsm cmbf tnrmdtnlrfsm gfbfo smstno pnbftmefd gfd fsnsond jufbmtfs udtuj SKQ

cnrjufbmtfs tmdllm. Qnonrmjsffd pimdt ih `fsn ubtrfsiudg, gfbfo efb mdm njijfrgmilrfhm

snbfof SKQ gfpft gmpnrtmocfdljfd udtuj ondlmgndtmhmjfsm pndyncfc endtm kfdtudl yfdl

cmsf gmftfsm. Wnjdibilm yfdl sngfdl gmjnocfdljfd udtuj ondmbfm jufbmtfs rnsusmtfsm

gmfdtfrfdyf pndlujurfd didmdvfsmh ijsmlndfsm snrncrfb, snpnrtm dnfr mdhrfrng

spn`tris`ipy.

670

Wftfbfjsfdf gfd Qnofdtfufd Qfsmnd gfbfo Qnrfwftfd Qfs`f Endtm Kfdtudl

Gfbfo emtudlfd efrm sntnbfe jncnrefsmbfd

jncnrefsmbfd rnsusmtfsm, gfpft oud`ub ‒smdgrio pfs`f

endtm kfdtudl‟. Pmdgrio mdm tnrgmrm gfrm `ngnrf itfj, msjnomf smstnomj gfd rnspids

rnpnrhusm, gmshudlsm omijfrg, gfd pftihmsmibilm prnsmpmtfsm endtm kfdtudl fwfb yfdl

pnrsmstnd. @ngnrf itfj pfs`f endtm kfdtudl ondurudjfd tibnrfdsm itfj fjfd msjnomf,

empnrnoms, gfd ngnof snemdllf ondlfrfe pfgf pndyncfc utfof tnrkfgmdyf oircmgmtfs

gfd oirtfbmtfs pfgf gnwfsf gfd fdfj. Qnbfyfdfd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl pfgf pngmftrm hijus

udtuj ondmdljftjfd jntfefdfd emgup gfd efsmb dnuribilms yfdl cfmj gndlfd gndlfd `frf

ondlfdtmsmpfsm, ondlmgndtmhmjfsm, gfd ondftfbfjsfdf pnrucfefd hmsmibilm yfdl jiopbnjs

mdm.

Wfrlntng tnopnrfturn ofdflnondt (WWO) onrukuj pfgf pnofdtfufd gfd pndkflffd

sueu pfsmnd sn`frf cnrjnbfdkutfd udtuj tntfp pfgf rndtfdl tnrtndtu. Pnburue cndtuj WWO

efrus ond`nlfe tnrkfgmdyf gnofo. Qfgf jidgmsm empitnromj, WWO ond`nle smdgriof

rnpnrhusm gnddlfd ondurudjfd jncutuefd ontfcibmj, ondurudjfd fpiptisms, gfd

ondlurfdlm prigujsm rfgmjfb cncfs. Mgndtmhmjfsm gfd tftfbfjsfdf pnrcurujfd yfdl

oudljmd tnrkfgm sfdlft pndtmdl jfrndf gfpft cnrnhnj pfgf efsmb yfdl gmefrfpjfd.

Qnrcurujfd yfdl oudljmd tnrkfgm gfpft cnrupf gnofo, jnkfdl, empitndsm, `ngnrf lmdkfb

fjut, gfd fcdirofbmtfs pfgf vndtmbfsm, ijsmlndfsm, snrtf nbnjtribmt.

Qrildisms Qfsmnd Qfs`f Endtm Kfdtudl

Gfbfo rfdljf ondkfgm pntudkuj dfdtmdyf pfgf pnocnrmfd tftfbfjsfdf, pndyusudfd

rnd`fdf yfdl nhnjtmh pfgf pfsmnd, gfd pndyngmffd gujudlfd gfrm jnbufrlf pfgf pfsmnd

pngmftrm pfs`f endtm kfdtudl, gmpnrbujfd udtuj onocuft prildisms

prild isms efsmb dnuribilms sn`frf

bncme fwfb yfdl gfpft gmfdgfbjfd. ^dtuj ondyusud prildisms, efb-efb yfdl pnrbu

gmpnrtmocfdljfd fgfbfe jfrfjtnrmstmj pfsmnd gfd endtm kfdtudl yfdl gmfbfom, efsmb

pnonrmjsffd dnuribilms pfs`f endtm kfdtudl, efsmb pnonrmjsffd bfcirftirmuo, NNL, gfd

pnonrmjsffd rfgmibilm dnuribilms (@W gfd OSM). Pfft mdm, udtuj onoprngmjsm fpfjfe

prildisms pfgf pfsmnd sntnbfe SIP@ gfbfo 37-75 kfo fgfbfe cfmj ftfu curuj, cnbuo

gmtnoujfd sftu hfjtir utfof yfdl cnrpnrfd gfd cnbuo gfpft gmmgndtmhmjfsm suftu

jnputusfd tnrvfbmgfsm tnrtndtu. Gmcutuejfd cfdyfj gftf sncnbuo jmtf gfpft

ondlfpbmjfsmjfd prildisms pfgf ofsmdl-ofsmdl mdgmvmgu-mdgmvmgu pfsmnd. NNL, pnd`mtrffd

677

sfrfh, ofupud snruo cmiofrjnr cmbf gmfocmb sn`frf tnrpmsfe ofjf efdyf onocnrmjfd

prildisms gndlfd fjurfsm yfdl stfdgfr.

 Lfocfr 66.3. Gfhtfr Wmbmj Qnbfyfdfd Qfs`f Endtm Kfdtudl

67>

Qnoubmefd Qfsmnd Qfs`f Endtm Kfdtudl

Qfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl onombmjm rmsmji yfdl smldmhmjfd tnrefgfp pndmdljftfd

oircmgmtfs dnuribilms, jildmtmh, hmsmj cfmj kfdljf pndgnj ofupud pfdkfdl, noismidfb, gfd

sismfb. Cncnrfpf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl fjfd onombmjm lfdllufd dnuripsmjibilm yfdl

bncme rmdlfd fpfcmbf cnrefsmb cnrtfefd sntnbfe endtm kfdtudl gndlfd efsmb yfdl

‒onoufsjfd‟. Qfgf pfsmnd fdfj, pnrjnocfdlfd yfdl

y fdl tnrlfdllu sncflfm gfopfj pndue

gfrm `ngnrf itfj yfdl gmfbfom tmgfj fjfd tnrbmeft pndue emdllf cncnrfpf cubfd ftfu tfeud
sntnbfe pfsmnd ondlfbfom endtm kfdtudl. Pn`frf bncme bfdkut, gfopfj gfrm oircmgmtfs yfdl
tnrkfgm pfgf fdfj tmgfj efdyf cnrgfopfj pfgf fdfj, tfpm kulf pfgf fdllitf jnbufrlf

yfdl ondlfsue fdfj tnrsncut.

Qfgf rfdtfm jnbfdlsudlfd emgup, pnoubmefd tnrofsuj gfbfo cflmfd jn ndfo yfdl

gmfjum cfewf pfsmnd pfs`f endtm kfdtudl yfdl snbfoft gfpft onocutuejfd pnbfyfdfd

ongms tnrmdtnlrfsm sn`frf cnrjnbfdkutfd, pndlfsue, rnefcmbmtfsm, gfd gujudlfd jioudmtfs

emdllf cncnrfpf cubfd gfd tfeud sntnbfe pfsmnd ondlfbfom endtm kfdtudl. Qndtmdldyf

onopnbfkfrm gfopfj dnuribilms kfdljf pfdkfdl gfd eucudlfddyf gndlfd jnsneftfd

snrtf jufbmtfs emgup snsnirfdl tnbfe ondkfgm siritfd pfgf pnrdyftffd mbomfe tnrcfru gfrm

FEF gfd MB@IS.

Jnefgmrfd Jnbufrlf Pnbfof Snsusmtfsm

Qrfjtmj udtuj ondlefgmrjfd jnbufrlf snbfof prisns rnsusmtfsm cnrbfdlsudl tnrus

ondmdljft gfbfo 31 tfeud tnrfjemr. Efsmb survnm yfdl gmbfjujfd pfgf sncflmfd irfdl tuf

ondudkujjfd cfewf onrnjf mdlmd efgmr snbfof fdfj gmrnsusmtfsm. Gftf yfdl bncme bfof

ondudkujjfd gm fdtfrf irfdl tuf yfdl efgmr snbfof rnsusmtfsm emdllf fdfj ondmdllfb,

mdsmgnd jn`nofsfd gfd gnprnsm bncme rndgfe snrtf pnrmbfju cnrgujf bncme jidstrujtmh.

Nvfbufsm Endtm Kfdtudl Pn`frf Ondgfgfj yfdl Wmgfj Gfpft Gmknbfsjfd

Cncnrfpf pndyncfc uouo endtm kfdtudl ondgfgfj yfdl tmgfj gfpft gmknbfsjfd pfgf

cfym gfd fdfj-fdfj fgfbfe jfrgmiomipftm empnrtrihm, fdiofbm frtnrm jiridnr, gfd frmtomf.

Wmgfj gmtnoujfd fgfdyf jnbfmdfd pfgf itipsm gfd omjrisjipms pfgf snpnrtmlf gfrm pfsmnd

ougf yfdl tmgfj snbfoft gfrm snrfdlfd kfdtudl ondgfgfj yfdl tmgfj gfpft gmknbfsjfd.

^dtuj ond`frm ntmibilm snrfdlfd kfdtudl ondgfgfj yfdl tmgfj gfpft gmknbfsjfd, snofjmd

cfdyfj gmludfjfd nvfbufsm lndntmjf pistoirtno ("itipsm oibnjubnr"). Pnbfmd udtuj

678

onocnrmjfd pndknbfsfd ondlndfm endtm kfdtudl pfsmnd, gmfldisms lndntmj gfpft

ondlmgndtmhmjfsm pndyfjmt kfdtudl yfdl gmturudjfd, snpnrtm jfrgmiomipftm, snemdllf

onoudljmdjfd sjrmdmdl gfd tmdgfjfd pnd`nlfefd udtuj jnbufrlf.

 Lfocfr 66.0. Qntf Qnrkfbfdfd Onduku Qnoubmefd

Snsusmtfsm pfgf Qfsmnd Pyij

Pyij fgfbfe jnkfgmfd yfdl gfpft ondlfd`fo dyfwf fjmcft jnlflfbfd pndlmrmofd

ijsmlnd udtuj ononduem jncutuefd ontfcibmson kfrmdlfd. Pyij empivibnomj onrupfjfd

kndms syij yfdl pfbmdl uouo tnrkfgm pfgf pngmftrm, tnrofsuj gmfdtfrfdyf syij fjmcft

pnrgfrfefd. Cncnrfpf syij yfdl kfrfdl tnrkfgm gmfdtfrfdyf syij gmstrmcutmh, jfrgmilndmj,

67<

gfd icstrujtmh. Qfgf jnkfgmfd tnrtndtu, jnwfspfgffd pnrbu gmtmdljftjfd jfrndf cnrcflfm

kndms syij gfpft tnrkfgm sn`frf cnrsfoffd.

cnrsfoffd. Mdgnjs jn`urmlffd yfdl tmdllm gmpnrbujfd pfgf
pfgf

syij jfrgmilndmj gmjfrndfjfd submtdyf gmfldisms pfgf tfefp fwfb.

Pyij cnrjnocfdl snsufm gndlfd tmdljft jnpfrfefddyf, oubfm gfrm jidgmsm

jiopndsfsm jn jidgmsm gnjiopndsfsm (empitndsm). Onjfdmson jiopndsfsm onrupfjfd

upfyf onopnrtfefdjfd `urfe kfdtudl gfd pnrhusm irlfd, tnrofsuj gmfdtfrfdyf

 p y p k l p l , y

tfjmjfrgmf gfd ondmdljftjfd rnsmstndsm vfsjubfr smstnomj (vfsijidstrmjsm). Jntmjf

onjfdmson jiopndsfsm lflfb, gfd pfsmnd oubfm empitndsm snrtf ondukujjfd lnkfbf

snpnrtm gnprnsm stftus ondtfb, pndurudfd prigujsm urmd, fsmgisms bfjtft, gfd gndyut dfgm

bnofe, efb mdm ondudkujjfd pnrhusm irlfd sugfe tmgfj onofgfm.

Qnocnrmfd `fmrfd mdtrfvndf sn`frf gmdm udtuj ondlicftm syij snpsms onombmjm cujtm

yfdl tnrcftfs, dfoud tnbfe gmtnrmof sn`frf bufs. Gndlfd pndnrfpfd pfdgufd yfdl

ondnjfdjfd pnocnrmfd `fmrfd gfd fdtmcmitmj sn`frf gmdm, jnoftmfd fjmcft snpsms pfgf

pngmftrm tnbfe ondurud gm cncnrfpf tfeud tnrfjemr. Jidtrivnrsm gfbfo pndlnbibffd syij

snpsms onbmputm wfjtu gfd pmbmefd flnd vfsiprnssir, pndlludffd jirtmjistnrimg,

pnocnrmfd vibuon `fmrfd gfd pndmbfmfd rnspid pfsmnd, snrtf oigmhmjfsm fblirmtof

pndlicftfd udtuj pfsmnd gfbfo snrfdlfd kfdtudl tnrjfmt snpsms. Qngiofd FEF

sncnbuodyf ofsme onombmjm lndnrfbmsfsm efsmb yfdl pricbnoftmj gmjfrndfjfd tnrgfpft

pfsmnd-pfsmnd yfdl ononrbujfd pnrtmocfdlfd jeusus, yfmtu pfsmnd gndlfd ofbfrmf,

fdnomf snb sfcmt, gfd smdgrio syij gndlun.

Qfdgufd rnsusmtfsm udtuj fdfj-fdfj gndlfd syij enoirflmj tnrus cnrjnocfdl

jfrndf pritijib rnsusmtfsm yfdl ondlludfjfd priguj gfrfe pfgf fwfb rnsusmtfsm tnbfe

cnrefsmb ondlucfe pfrfgmlof pnocnrmfd jrmstfbimg sfkf pfgf rnsusmtfsm.

Wftfbfjsfdf pfgf Lflfb Dfpfs

Lflfb dfpfs tnrkfgm jntmjf ijsmlndfsm gfd vndtmbfsm pfgf tucue cnrkfbfd tmgfj nhnjtmh
gmjfrndfjfd jntmgfjofopufd tucue udtuj cnrdfpfs gndlfd cfmj. Efb mdm gfpft tnrkfgm

jfrndf icstrujsm sfburfd dfpfs ftfs ofupud cfwfe, jidtrib dfpfs yfdl tnrlfdllu, ftfu

pndyfjmt pfrndjmo pfru. Cncnrfpf efb yfdl gfpft gmbfjujfd udtuj ondibidl pfsmnd

gndlfd tmgfj fgf dfpfs ftfupud dfpfs yfdl tmgfj fgnjuft fgfbfe gndlfd onocnrmjfd

vndtmbfsm, ondlnbufrjfd cndgf fsmdl yfdl ondkfgm pndyncfc icstrujsm, gfd sncflfm

675

tmdgfjfd pndynbfoftfd pfgf pfsmnd yfdl ondlfbfom lflfb dfpfs gmjfrndfjfd ivnrgisms

ipmimg, gfpft gmcnrmjfd dfbijsid.

Cncnrfpf pndyncfc jnoftmfd pfgf cfym gfd fdfj fgfbfe oftm bnofs jfrndf sfburfd

dfpfs ondlfbfom icstrujsm cndgf fsmdl ofupud jnrf`udfd. Qndyncfc tnrsnrmdl

tnrkfgmdyf icstrujsm cndgf fsmdl pfgf sfburfd dfpfs fdfj fgfbfe cfbid, ofjfdfd
(eitgil
eitgil,, jf`fdl, fdllur) gfd icynj jn`mb bfmddyf. Pngfdljfd pndyncfc tnrsnrmdl

tnrkfgmdyf icstrujsm cndgf fsmdl pfgf sfburfd dfpfs cfym fgfbfe `fmrfd. Qndtmdl udtuj

onocngfjfd fpfjfe pfsmnd ondlfbfom icstrujsm cndgf fsmdl pfgf sfburfd dfpfs yfdl

pfrfe emdllf pfsmnd tmgfj gfpft cnrsufrf sfof snjfbm, ftfu pfsmnd ondlfbfom icstrujsm

cndgf fsmdl pfgf sfburfd dfpfs yfdl rmdlfd gmofdf pfsmnd ofsme gfpft cftuj ftfupud

cnrsufrf. Efb mdm gmjfrndfjfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd icstrujsm cndgf fsmdl pfgf sfburfd

dfpfs yfdl pfrfe fjfd snlnrf ononrbujfd mdtnrvndsm, snondtfrf pfsmnd gndlfd

icstrujsm cndgf fsmdl pfgf sfburfd dfpfs yfdl rmdlfd gfpft gmcfdtu udtuj ondlnbufrjfd

cndgf fsmdl tnrsncut sn`frf cftuj.

Mdtucfsm

Qfgf mdtucfsm pngmftrm, `ujupbfe pndtmdl udtuj onombme pnrfbftfd gfd icft-icftfd

yfdl tnpft. Pn`frf fdftioms dirofb, pndynopmtfd sfburfd dfpfs pfgf pngmftrmj tnrbntfj

gm cfwfe pmtf sufrf, snemdllf pfgf cflmfd gmstfb tnrcndtuj sncufe tfdgf fdftioms yfdl

onocuft pndlludffd ud`uhhng NWW pfgf pngmftrmj bncme gmsfrfdjfd. Qndlludffd

ud`uhhng NWW mdm tmgfj gmsfrfdjfd udtuj gmlfdtm ondkfgm `uhhng NWW pfgf jnfgffd gmofdf

fdfj-fdfj gndlfd jnfgffd rnspmrfsm yfdl curuj. Jnbncmefd `uhhng NWW fgfbfe

ondmdljftjfd tnjfdfd gfd vibuon tmgfb, ondurudjfd jncutuefd udtuj pndllfdtmfd NWW,

gfd ondmdljftjfd fjurfsm jfpdilrfhm. Dfoud `uhhng NWW gfpft onrujfd oujisf sfburfd

pnrdfpfsfd jfrndf onombmjm tnjfdfd yfdl tmdllm pfgf cflmfd `uhh. Cncnrfpf stugm yfdl

tnbfe ond`icf ondlmgndtmhmjfsm ondlndfm pndlludffd NWW mdm jnougmfd ondyfrfdjfd

udtuj ondurudjfd kuobfe pndllfdtmfd tucn gndlf `frf onombme ujurfd tucn gfd

tnjfdfd mdhbfsm `uhh sn`frf tnpft yfdl pfgf fjemrdyf gfpft ondurudjfd rmsmji tnrkfgmdyf

trfuof sfburfd dfpfs.

Mdtucfsm onrupfjfd suftu prisngur yfdl onombmjm rmsmji tmdllm. Pnbfof onbfjujfd

prisngur mdtucfsm, rmsmji yfdl gmtnrmof pfsmnd gfpft ondkfgm snofjmd tmdllm cnrlfdtudl

pfgf cflfmofdf enoigmdfomj pfsmnd, onjfdmj pnrdfpfsfd gfd jnfgffd sfburfd dfpfs

67=

pfsmnd. Ibne sncfc mtu, sncnbuo onbfjujfd mdtucfsm pndtmdl fgfdyf udtuj ondyngmfjfd

pnrfbftfd rnsusmtfsm yfdl fgnjuft.

^dtuj onomdmofbmsmr rmsmji rnhbujs lfstnr jn sfburfd dfpfs, snbfof mdm tnbfe gmludjfd

tnjfdfd jrmjimg jntmjf onbfjujfd prisngur vndtmbfsm cfl-ofsj gfd mdtucfsm, dfoud
jnoudljmdfd tnrefbfdlmdyf jnsujsnsfd prisngur vndtmbfsm cfl-ofsj gfd mdtucfsm

gmjfrndfjfd fgfdyf jioprnsm trfjnf sfft mdm ondkfgm suftu pnrtmocfdlfd yfdl `ujup

ondkfgm pnreftmfd.

Fusjubtfsm sufrf dfpfs, fgfdyf jfcut pfgf tucn

tucn,, ofupud ondmdllmdyf gfgf cujfd

ondkfgm suftu f`ufd udtuj ondljidhmrofsm cfewf NWW tnbfe tnrbntfj pfgf tnopft yfdl

tnpft. Efb yfdl tnpft gmbfjujfd udtuj ondljidhmrofsm fgfbfe gndlfd ondlludfjfd

`ibiontrm` gntn`tir ir `fpdilrfpley (NW@I3). Dfoud pndlludffd NW@I3 mdm tmgfj gfpft

ondkfgm f`ufd utfof kmjf pfsmnd ondlfbfom pndurudfd fbmrfd gfrfe pfru, pfsmnd gndlfd

`frgmf` iutput yfdl rndgfe, ftfupud pfsmnd gndlfd endtm kfdtudl.

Wftfbfjsfdf Crfgmjfrgm

Crfgmjfrgm, gndlfd dfgm tnrfcf ftfupud tmgfj, onrupfjfd lfdllufd enoigmdfomj

yfdl ondkfgm pnrtfdgf fjfd tnrkfgmdyf endtm kfdtudl. @idtie crfgmjfrgm yfdl

onocutuejfd nvfbufsm gndlfd snlnrf fgfbfe crfgmjfrgm gndlfd dfgm jurfdl gfrm 81 jfbm

pnr ondmt udtuj ondlemdgfrm lfdllufd jfrgmipuboidfb bncme bfdkut. Onopnrcfmjm

sfburfd dfpfs, vndtmbfsm, gfd ijsmlndfsm onrupfjfd tftfbfjsfdf mdmsmfb pfgf pfsmnd

pngmftrm gndlfd lfdllufd jfrgmipuboidfb yfdl onocutuejfd nvfbufsm ntmibilm gfd

tftfbfjsfdf gndlfd snlnrf. SKQ efrus snlnrf gmoubfm kmjf crfgmjfrgm gndlfd lfdllufd

jfrgmipuboidfb oud`ub onsjmpud ijsmlndfsm gfd vndtmbfsm ofsme nhnjtmh. Fdfj-fdfj yfdl

ondnrmof SKQ udtuj crfgmjfrgm sncnbuo ondlfbfom endtm dfgm cnrpitndsm onombmjm efsmb

yfdl bncme cfmj. Hfjtir-hfjtir yfdl cnrjidtrmcusm pfgf crfgmjfrgmf gfd gfpft gmpnrcfmjm

efrus gmmgndtmhmjfsm gfd snlnrf gmicftm. Hfjtir-hfjtir tnrsncut gmfdtfrfdyf fgfbfe

empijsmf, empitndsm, empilbmjnomf, empitnromf, fsmgisms, ftfu jnrf`udfd.

6>1
 Lfocfr 66.7. Fblirmtof Crfgmjfrgm Qngmftrmj gndlfd Dfgm

6>6

Wfjmfrmtomf

Wfjmfrmtomf jiopbnjs snopmt yfdl tnrftur (gurfsm VSP 1,1= gntmj ftfu jurfdl)

gfpft tnrkfgm jfrndf cncnrfpf onjfdmson, gmfdtfrfdyf fgfbfe tfjmjfrgmf ftrmuo njtipmj
gfpft tnrkfgm jfrndf cncnrfpf onjfdmson, gmfdtfrfdyf fgfbfe tfjmjfrgmf ftrmuo njtipmj

gfd hmcrmbfsm ftrmuo, dfoud pndyncfc pfbmdl snrmdl fgfbfe

fg fbfe rn-ndtrfdt `mr`umts. Wfjmfrmtomf

cmfsf gndlfd jiopbnjs bncfr (bncme gfrm 1,1= gntmj) gfpft onombmjm cfdyfj onjfdmson.

Pfbfe sftu onjfdmson yfdl tnrofsuj fgfbfe tfjmjfrgmf suprfvndtrmjubfr (PXW) gndlfd

tfjmjfrgmf vndtrmjnb ftfu jidgujsm ondymopfdl.

Qfgf pfsmnd pngmftrm, gfopfj enoigmdfomj gfrm PXW gfpft cnrvfrmfsm. Pncflmfd

jn`mb pfsmnd cfejfd ondlfbfom lfdllufd jfrgmivfsjubfr (tfdgf-tfdgf syij, pnrucfefd

stftus ondtfb, empitndsm). Qfgf pfsmnd gndlfd jidgmsm stfcmb, ofduvnr vflfb snrmdl

gmludfjfd udtuj onocnrendtmjfd rn-ndtrfdt PXW yfdl tnrkfgm. Qfgf cfym gfd fdfj-fdfj

gndlfd gndyut dfgm tnrfcf yfdl tmgfj onrnspid ofduvnr vflfb, fgndismd tntfp ondkfgm

icft pmbmefd udtuj ondlicftm PXW. Jidsub gndlfd febm onrupfjfd efb yfdl pndtmdl udtuj

ondgmfldisms ntmibilm gfd ondynsufmjfd pndlicftfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd tfjmjfrgmf

jiopbnjs-bncfr yfdl stfcmb sn`frf enoigmdfomj gfd pfsmnd yfdl ondlfbfom PXW dfoud

jfocue jnocfbm sntnbfe pndlicftfd fwfb yfdl cnrefsmb.

Jfrgmivnrsm tnrsmdjridmsfsm efrus gmpnrtmocfdljfd pfgf pfsmnd gndlfd PXW yfdl

tmgfj stfcmb sn`frf enoigmdfomj ftfu tfjmjfrgmf jiopbnjs bncfr.

6>3
 Lfocfr 66.>. Fblirmtof Wfjmjfrgm gndlfd Dfgm.

6>0

Wftfbfjsfdf Omijfrgmtms gfd Jfrgmiomipftm

 Omijfrgmtms hubomdfd gfpft ondyncfcjfd pndyfjmt smstno jidgujsm, tnrofsuj

cbij kfdtudl bndljfp: gfd frmtomf suprfvndtrmjubfr ftfu vndtrmjnb yfdl pnrsmstnd:

pndurudfd `urfe kfdtudl gndlfd lfdllufd irlfd, yfdl pfgf fjemrdyf gfpft

ondyncfcjfd endtm kfdtudl. Omijfrgmtms gfpft gmsfbfe frtmjfd gndlfd lnkfbf pndyfjmt bfmd

yfdl bncme uouo jfrndf pfsmnd gfpft gftfdl gndlfd lnkfbf didspnsmhmj snpnrtm dynrm

pnrut, gmfrn, oudtfe, ftfu jnbnbfefd. Gmfldisms gmdm gfd mdtnrvndsm `npft, tnrofsuj

pnofdtfufd gfd tnrfpm M@^ onrupfjfd efb-efb yfdl gfpft ondliptmofbjfd efsmb yfdl

bncme cfmj pfgf pfsmnd. Qfgf pfsmnd gndlfd omijfrgmtms hubomdfdt, cbij
cb ij kfdtudl gfd njtipm

vndtrmjnb oubtmhijfb gndlfd idsnt tmcf-tmcf efrus gmfdllfp sncflfm jnfgffd prn-frrnst.

Qnomdgfefd pfsmnd snlnrf jn pusft yfdl ofopu ondyngmfjfd gujudlfd emgup

njstrfjirpirnfb (N@BP) ftfu gujudlfd pnrngfrfd gfrfe onjfdms (O@P), snpnrtm fbft cfdtu

vndtrmjnb tnopirnr ftfu mopbfdtfsm onrupfjfd efb yfdl gmrnjiondgfsmjfd jfrndf

pnrfwftfd gndlfd icft-icftfd njstnrdfb ftfu mdtrfjfrgmfj ofupud fdtmfrmtomf oudljmd

tmgfj cnrefsmb.

Jfrgmiomipftm gmbftfsm, jfrgmiomipftm rnstrmjtmh, jfrgmiomipftm empnrtrihmj, gfd

cndtuj jfrgmiomipftm bfmd-bfmd (kfrfdl tnrkfgm) onbmputm gmspbfsmf vndtrmjnb jfdfd

frmtoilndmj, omtijidgrmf gfd jfrgmiomipftm didjiopfjsm vndtrmjnb jmrm, onrupfjfd

pndyncfc did-mdhnjsm gfrm jfrgmiomipftm pfgf fdfj-fdfj. Qfsmnd jfrgmiomipftm yfdl

tnbfe ondkfbfdm O@P sncnbuodyf gfbfo cndtuj N@OI, fbft cfdtu vndtrmjnb pnrjutfd

kfdljf pndgnj, ftfu fbft cfdtu vndtrmjnb mopbfd kfdljf pfdkfdl sncnbuo ftfu snbfof

snrfdlfd kfdtudl, gfpft gftfdl gndlfd lflfb kfdtudl gnjiopndsfsm fjut yfdl rnhrfjtnr

tnrefgfp vndtmbfsm onjfdmj gfd pnocnrmfd vfsifjtmh.

N@BP gfpft ondynbfoftjfd dyfwf jntmjf gmbfjujfd sncnbuo snrfdlfd kfdtudl

pfgf pfsmnd yfdl onombmjm stftus jbmdms onocuruj ftfu frmtomf vndtrmjnb yfdl tnrus-
ondnrus. N@BP kulf onocnrmjfd jnsnopftfd udtuj onocfdtu pnoubmefd omijfrg,

wnfdmdl gujudlfd mditripmj, gfd kmjf gmpnrbujfd gfpft cnrhudlsm sncflfm knocftfd udtuj

trfdspbfdtfsm kfdtudl. Qndlludffd N@BP gfd O@P, gndlfd jnoudljmdfd cnsfr pnoubmefd

hudlsm omijfrg sncflmfd ftfu snburuedyf, tnbfe gmdmbfm ondmdljftjfd efsmb gfrm omijfrgmtms

fjut.

6>7

S m mQ m g X mj b W b
Snsusmtfsm Qfsmnd gndlfd Xndtrmjnb Wudllfb
Qndyfjmt kfdtudl jidlndmtfb pngmftrmj onombmjm jiopbnjsmtfs gfd vfrmfcmbmtfs

tnrsndgmrm snemdllf ondmocubjfd tfdtfdlfd udmj snbfof rnsusmtfsm. Pnrfdljfmfd ipnrfsm

pfbmftmh cnrtfefp cmfsfdyf gmkfbfdm ibne fdfj-fdfj gndlfd pndyfjmt kfdtudl vndtrmjnb

tudllfb. Pnbfof pnrmign dnidftfb gfpft gmbfjujfd prisngur pfbmftmh pnrtfof gndlfd

cncnrfpf tukufd yfmtu (6) tmgfj tnrefbfdldyf fbmrfd gfrfe smstnomj, (3) onoudljmdjfd

omxmdl tmdljft ftrmuo gndlfd ond`mptfjfd jioudmjfsm ftrmuo yfdl nhnjtmh, gfd (0) udtuj

ond`nlfe smrjubfsm cnrbncme snrtf ondurudjfd cncfd vibuon pfgf vndtrmjnb smstnomj

gndlfd ondlftur fbmrfd gfrfe pfru (Lfocfr 67). Pnbfof tfefp jnguf pfbmftmh, udtuj

onocfdtu rngmstrmcusm fbmrfd cfbmj vndf smstnomj bfdlsudl jn smrjubfsm pfru, ofjf

fdfstioisms jfvipuboidnr supnrmir, ftfu ipnrfsm guf frfe Lbndd/snom-Hidtfd,

gmbfjujfd udtuj onocuft fdfstioisms (Lfocfr 6>). Hidtfd fgfbfe pfbmfsm tnrfjemr, gm

ofdf pnocuftfd prnbifg vndtrmjnb tudllfb (smstnomj) cnrlfdtudl pfgf fbmrfd pfsmh

onbmdtfsm gfsfr vfsjubfr pfru gndlfd `frf fbmrfd gfrfe vndf jfvf mdhnrmir gmsmopfdljfd

bfdlsudl jn smrjubfsm pfru (Lfocfr 68).

Smsmji snrfdlfd kfdtudl ondmdljft pfgf dnidftus gfd cfym gndlfd hmsmibilm

vndtrmjnb tudllfb gmjfrndfjfd fgfdyf (6) vibuon ivnrbifg yfdl ondyncfcjfd

pndmdljftfd jnrkf omijfrg, (3) jntmgfjsnmocfdlfd fbmrfd gfrfe smstnomj rnbftmh (Vs) gfd

fbmrfd gfrfe pfru (Vp), gfd (0) pitndsm ijbusm pmrfu. Qfgf rnsusmtfsm oudljmd ononrbujfd

jidtrib rnsmstndsm pnocubue gfrfe pfru, ijsmlndfsm, rnsmstndsm pnocubue gfrfe smstnomj,

ftfu N@BP tnrlfdtudl pfgf tfefp pnrcfmjfd yfdl tnrkfgm.

6>>
 Lfocfr 66.8. Wfefp M pfbmftmh udtuj vndtrmjnb tudllfb gndlfd Dirwiig rnpfmr gfd
Cbfbi`j-Wfussml Peudt gfrm frtnrm sucjbfvmf jfdfd jn frtnrm puboidfbms jfdfd ftfu seudt

Pfdi gfrm vndtrmjnb jfdfd jn frtnrm puboidfbms

Lfocfr 66.<. Qfbmfsm tfefp MM udtuj vndtrmjnb tudllfb gndlfd cmgmrn`tmidfb Lbndd seudt

yfdl ondleucudljfd vndf jfvf supnrmir jn frtnrm puboidfbms jfdfd

6>8
 Lfocfr 66.5. Wfefp MMM pfbmfsm vndtrmjnb tudllfb Hidtfd gndlfd sfburfd njstrfjfrfgmfj

yfdl ondleucudljfd vndf jfvf mdhnrmir jn frtnrm puboidfbms jfdfd.

Snjiondgfsm udtuj Wftfbfjsfdf Fdfj gndlfd Empnrtndsm Quboidfb

Empnrtndsm puboidfb yfdl gmjfmtjfd gndlfd oircmgmtfs gfd oirtfbmtfs yfdl smldmhmjfd

onrupfjfd pndyfjmt bfdljf pfgf cfym gfd fdfj-fdfj. Qfgf sncflmfd cnsfr pfsmnd fdfj-

fdfj, empnrtndsm pfru cnrsmhft mgmipftmj ftfu cnreucudlfd gndlfd pndyfjmt kfdtudl

cfwffd, pndyfjmt pfru jridms, ofupud jidgmsm bfmd snpnrtm pndyfjmt triocinocibm ftfu

kfrmdlfd mjft. Empnrtndsm puboidfb onombmjm oircmgmtfs gfd oirtfbmtfs yfdl sucstfdsmfb

gfd tnrkfgm pfgf 3% sfopfm 31% pfsmnd sntnbfe ipnrfsm pndyfjmt kfdtudl cfwffd. Pncnsfr

1,<% sfopfm >% gfrm snouf pfsmnd cngfe jfrgmivfsjubfr ondlfbfom empnrtndsm puboidfb

pfs`f ipnrfsm. Empnrtndsm puboidfb kulf tnrkfgm pfgf 3% sfopfm >% pfsmnd fdfj sntnbfe

ipnrfsm kfdtudl. Jrmsms empnrtndsm pfru fgfbfe pndmdljftfd tnjfdfd frtnrm puboidfbms

sn`frrf fjut gfd `npft gfbfo tnjfdfd frtnrm puboidfbms gmsnrtfm gndlfd jnlflfbfd

kfdtudl smsm jfdfd (vndtrmjnb tudllfb). Pnbfof jrmsms empnrtndsm puboidfb, tnrkfgm

pndmdljftfd fhtnrbifg pfgf vndtrmjnb jfdfd gfd vndtrmjnb jfdfd lflfb, snemdllf

ondlefsmbjfd jncutuefd ijsmlnd omijfrg yfdl ondmdljft gfd pfgf sfft yfdl

cnrsfoffd tnjfdfd pnrhusm jiridnr gfd fbmrfd gfrfe jiridnr ondurud. Qndurudfd fbmrfd

gfrfe pfru gfd pndurudfd pndlmsmfd kfdtudl smsm jmrm pud tnrkfgm jfrndf fgfdyf

pndmdljftfd tnjfdfd vndtrmjnb jmrm gfd vndtrmjnb jfdfd, yfdl pfgf fjemrdyf

ondlfjmcftjfd pndurudfd `urfe kfdtudl. ^dtuj ondmdljftjfd hudlsm vndtrmjnb jfdfd

gfpft gmcnrmjfd flnd mditripmj, gfd udtuj ondlicftm empitndsm smstnomj snrtf
6><