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8983
 Dcpbrca Yfamcjuduca Gfducrnc Mfanca Jipfrtfasi

C. Gbasfp Gfducrnc
3. Mfoiaisi Gfducrnc
Gfducrnc cmcdcj muc ctcu dfhij mcri muc iamivimu ycan tfrncuan gcrfac
juhuanca mcrcj, juhuanca pfrgcwiaca ctcu pfancangctca mca `frfgc jimup
mcdc` sctu ru`cj tcannc, hfriatfrcgsi sctu sc`c dcia mi mcdc`
pfrcaayc
`csian “ `csian `faliptcgca sfrtc `f`pfrtcjcagca gfhumcycca (Orifm`ca,
8939).
Gbasfp gfdurcnc `frupcgca sfgu`pudca brcan ycan mijuhuangca bdfj
igctca pfrgcwiaca, cmbpsi, gfdcjirca ycan hfrtujuca `faliptcgca
mca
`f`pfrtcjcagca humcyc ycan u`u` ; `faiangctgca pfrgf`hcanca oisig,
`fatcd, f`bsibacd mca sbsicd mcri ticp cannbtc. Gfducrnc `frupcgca cspfg
tfrpfatian mcdc` uait tfrgflid mcdc` `csycrcgct, pfafri`c csujca, gfsfjctca
cannbtc gfducrnc mca gucditcs gfjimupca gfducrnc scdian hfrjuhuanca, mca
`faf`pcti pbsisi catcrc iamivimu mca `csycrcgct (Jcr`bgb, 8938).
Hfhfrcpc pfanfrtica mictcs mcpct mitcrig gfsi`pudca hcjwc
gfducrnc
`frupcgca sfgu`pudca brcan ycan tfrigct bdfj igctca pfrgcwiaca,
mcrcj sfrtc cmbpsi mca tianncd mcdc` sctu ru`cj.

8. ]ipf Gfducrnc
]ipf gfducrnc `faurut Jcr`bgb tcjua (8938) ycitu sfhcnci hfrigut ;
c. Auldfcr Oc`idy (Gfducrnc Eati)
Gfducrnc ycan jcayc tfrmiri mcri cycj, ihu mca cacg ycan mipfrbdfj mcri
gfturuacaayc ctcu cmbpsi ctcu gfmucayc.
h. Fxtfamfm Oc`idy (Gfducrnc Hfscr)
Gfducrnc iati mitc`hcj cannbtc gfducrnc dcia ycan `csij `f`puayci
juhuanca mcrcj, sfpfrti gcgfg, afafg, pc`ca, mca hihi.
l. Xflbastitum Auldfcr
Yf`fhfatugca hcru mcri gfducrnc iati `fdcdui pfrgcwiaca gf`hcdi,
suc`i / istri tianncd mcdc` pf`hfatugca sctu ru`cj mfanca cacg “
cacgayc, hcig itu hcwcca mcri pfrgcwiaca dc`c `cupua jcsid mcri
pfrgcwiaca hcru mctu ctcu gfmucayc mcpct hfgfrjc miducr ru`cj.
m. Aimmdf Cnf /Cnian Lbupdf
Gfducrnc mi`cac suc`i sfhcnci pfalcri ucan mca istri mi r`cj ctcu
gfmuc-mucayc hfgfrjc mi ru`cj, sfmcangca cacg-cacg
sumcj
`faianncdgca ru`cj gcrfac sfgbdcj / `faigcj / `faiti gcrifr.
f. Mycmil Auldfc
Gfducrnc mi`cac suc`i-istri sumcj hfru`ur mca timcg `f`puayci
cacg ycan gfmucayc ctcu scdcj sctuayc hfgfrjc mi ducr u`cj.
o. \iandf Ycrfat
Gfducrnc ycan jcayc `f`puayci sctu brcan tuc sfhcnci cgihct
pfrlfrcica ctcu gf`ctica pcscancaayc mca cacg-cacgayc mcpct tianncd
mi ru`cj ctcu mi ducr ru`cj.
n. Mucd Lcrrifr
Gfducrnc mfanca suc`i “ istri ycan gfmuc-mucayc brcan gcrifr mca
tcapc `f`idigi cacg.
j. ]jrff Nfafrctiba
Gfducrnc ycan tfrmiri ctcs tinc nfafrcsi ctcu dfhij ycan tianncd mcdc`
sctu ru`cj.
i. Lb`uacd
Gfducrnc ycan mcdc` sctu ru`cj tfrmiri mcri muc pcscanca suc`iistri
ctcu dfhij ycan `babnc`y hfrigut cacg-cacgayc mca hfrsc`c-sc`c
mcdc` pfayfmicca ocsiditcs.
j. Lbjihian Lbupdf
Gfducrnc mfanca muc brcan ctcu sctu pcscanca ycan tianncd hfrsc`c
tcapc igctca pfrgcwiaca.
g. Lb`pbsitf
 Gfducrnc mfanca pfrgcwiaca pbdinc`i mca jimup/tianncd sflcrc
hfrsc`c-sc`c mcdc` sctu ru`cj.
d. Nrbup @crricnf
\ctu pfru`cjca tfrmiri ctcs brcan tuc mca gfturuacaayc mi mcdc` sctu
gfsctuca gfducrnc mca ticp iamivimu cmcdcj `faigcj mfanca ycan dcia
mca sf`uc cmcdcj brcan tuc mcri cacg “ cacg.
`. Va`crrifm Ycrfat cam ljidm
Ehu mca cacg mi`cac pfrgcwiacaayc timcg migfjfamcgi, cacg micmbpsi.
a. Eastitutibacd
Cacg “ cacg ctcu brcan mfwcsc tianncd mcdc` suctu pcati.
b. Lb``utfr @crrifm
\uc`i istri ctcu gfmucayc brcan gcrifr mca tianncd hfrpiscj pcmc jcrcg
tfrtfatu gfmucayc scdian `falcri pcmc wcgtu “ wcgtu tfrtfatu.

<. Yfrcaca Gfducrnc

Yfrcaca gfducrnc `fannc`hcrgca sfpfrcangct pfridcgu catcr prihcmi,
sioct, gfnictca ycan hfrjuhuanca mfanca prihcmi mcdc` pbsisi mca situcsi
tfrtfatu. Yfrcaca prihcmi mcdc` gfducrnc mimcscri bdfj jcrcpca mca pbdc
pfridcgu mca gfducrnc, gfdb`pbg mca `csycrcgct. @faurut
Orifm`ca (8939) hfrhcnci pfrcaca ycan tfrmcpct mi mcdc` gfducrnc
cmcdcj sfhcnci
hfrigut ;
c. Cycj sfhcnci suc`i mcri istri mca cycj hcni cacg “ cacg,
hfrpfrca sfhcnci pfalcri acogcj, pfamimig, pfdiamuan mca pf`hfri
rcsc c`ca, sfhcnci gfpcdc gfducrnc, sfhcnci cannbtc mcri
gfdb`pbg sbsicdayc

sfrtc sfhcnci cannbtc `csycrcgct mcri dianguancayc.

h. Ehu sfhcnci istri mca ihu mcri cacg “ cacgayc, ihu `f`puayci pfrcaca
uatug `fanurus ru`cj tcannc, sfhcnci pfancsuj mca pfamimig hcni
cacg “ cacgayc, pfdiamuan mca sfhcnci scdcj sctu gfdb`pbg
mcri
pfrcaca sbsicd sfrtc sfhcnci cannbtc `csycrcgct mi dianguancaayc,
misc`pian itu junc ihu pfrpfrca sfhcnci pfalcri acogcj
tc`hcjca mcdc` gfducrncayc.

l.Cacg “ cacg `fdcgscacgca pfrcaca psigbsbsicd sfsuci mfanca tiangct

 pfrgf`hcancaayc hcig oisig, `fatcd, sbsicd, mca spiritucd.

=. ]uncs Gfducrnc
@faurut Orifm`ca (8939) pcmc mcscrayc cmc mfdcpca tuncs
pbgbg gfducrnc, tuncs pbgbg tfrsfhut icdcj ;
c. Yf`fdijcrcca oisig gfducrnc mca pcrc cannbtcayc.
h. Yf`fdijcrcca su`hfr-su`hfr mcyc ycan cmc mcdc` gfducrnc.
l. Yf`hcnica tuncs `csian-`csian cannbtcayc sfsuci mfanca
gfmumugcaayc `csian-`csian.
m. \bsicdiscsi catcr cannbtc gfducrnc.
f. Yfancturca ju`dcj cannbtc gfducrnc.
o. Yf`fdijcrcca gftfrtihca cannbtc gfducrnc.
n. @f`hcangitgca mbrbanca mca sf`canct pcmc cannbtc gfducrnc.

6. Ouansi Gfducrnc
@faurut Orifm`fa (8939) ouansi gfducrnc sfhcnci hfrigut ;
c. Ouansi cofgtio
Ouansi gfducrnc ycan utc`c cmcdcj uatug `fancjcrgca sfncdc sfsuctu
uatug `f`pfrsicpgca cannbtc gfducrncayc mcdc`
hfrjuhuanca mfanca brcan dcia. Ouansi iai mihutujgca uatug
pfrgf`hcanca iamivimu mca psigbsbsicd gfducrnc.
h. Ouansi sbsicdiscsi
Ouansi `fanf`hcangca mca sfhcnci tf`pct `fdctij cacg
uatug
hfrgfjimupca sblicd sfhfdu` `faianncdgca ru`cj uatug hfrjuhuanca
mfanca brcan dcia mi ducr ru`cj. Ouansi iai hfrnuac uatug `f`hiac
sbsicdiscsi pcmc cacg, `f`hfatug abr`c “ abr`c tiangcj dcgu sfsuci
mfanca tiangct pfrgf`hcanca cacg mca `fafrusgca aidci “
aidci
humcyc gfducrnc.
l. Ouansi rfprbmugsi

Ouansi uatug `f`pfrtcjcagca nfafrcsi mca `fajcnc gfdcansuanca gfducrnc.

m.Ouansi fgbab`i
Ouansi gfducrnc uatug `f`fauji gfhutujca gfducrnc sflcrc fgbab`i
 mca tf`pct uatug `fanf`hcangca gf`c`puca iamivimu mcdc`
`faiangctgca pfanjcsidca mcdc` rcangc `f`fauji gfhutujca

gfducrnc.
f.Ouansi pf`fdijcrcca gfsfjctca
Ouansi uatug `f`pfrtcjcagca gfcmcca gfsfjctca cannbtc gfducrnc cncr tftcp `f`idigi prbmug

6. ]cjcp mca Yfrgf`hcanca Gfducrnc

@faurut Jcr`bgb (8938) pfrcwct gfducrnc pfrdu `fanftcjui tfatcan tcjcpca mca tuncs pfrgf`hcanca gfdu
mcri sctu tcjcp gf tcjcp hfrigutayc.

c. ]cjcp E, gfducrnc pf`udc ctcu pcscanca hcru

]uncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pf`udc catcrc dcia `f`hiac
juhuanca ycan jcr`bais mca gfpucsca hfrsc`c mfanca `f`hcanua
pfrgcwiaca ycan scdian `f`ucsgca, `f`hiac juhuanca mfanca brcan
dcia mfanca `fanjuhuangca jcrianca pfrscumcrcca sflcrc jcr`bais,
`frfalcacgca gfjc`idca mca `f`pfrsicpgca miri `fajcmi brcan tuc.
h. ]cjcp EE, gfducrnc sfmcan `fancsuj cacg (cacg tfrtuc hcyi sc`pci
u`ur <9 hudca)
]uncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp EE ycitu
`f`hfatug gfducrnc `umc sfhcnci sfhucj uait,
`f`pfrtcjcagca juhuanca
pfrgcwiaca ycan `f`ucsgca, `f`pfrducs pfrscjchctca mfanca
gfducrnc hfscr mfanca `fac`hcjgca pfrca brcan tuc gcgfg mca afafg

mca `fasbsicdiscsigca mfanca dianguanca gfducrnc hfscr `csian-

`csian pcscanca.
l. ]cjcp EEE, gfducrnc mfanca cacg usic prcsfgbdcj (cacg tfrtuc hfru`ur
8-6 tcjua)
]uncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp EEE ycitu
`f`fauji gfhutujca cannbtc gfducrnc, `fasbsicdiscsigca cacg,
`faniatfnrcsigca cacg ycan hcru sf`fatcrc tftcp `f`fauji
gfhutujca cacg ycan
dciaayc, `f`pfrtcjcagca juhuanca ycan sfjct mcdc` gfducrnc mca
 ducr gfducrnc, `facac`gca aidci mca abr`c gfjimupca,
`udci
`fanfacdgca gudtur gfducrnc, `facac`gca gfycgiaca hfrcnc`c,
`f`fauji gfhutujca hfr`cia cacg.
m. ]cjcp E_, gfducrnc mfanca cacg usic sfgbdcj (cacg tfrtuc usic 6-3<
tcjua)
]uncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp E_ ycitu
`fasbsicdiscsigca cacg tfr`csug `faiangctgca prfstcsi sfgbdcj mca
`fanf`hcangca juhuanca mfanca tf`ca sfhcyc,
`f`pfrtcjcagca juhuanca pfrgcwiaca ycan `f`ucsgca,
`f`fauji gfhutujca gfsfjctca oisig cannbtc gfducrnc,
`f`hicscgca hfdcjcr tfrctur,
`f`pfrjctigca cacg scct `fayfdfscigca tuncs sfgbdcj.
f. ]cjcp _, gfducrnc mfanca cacg rf`cjc (cacg tfrtuc u`ur 3<-89)
]uncs pfrgc`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp _ ycitu `fayfi`hcangca
gfhfhcsca mfanca tcannuan jcwch gftigc rf`cjc `fajcmi mfwcsc mca
`camiri, `f`obgusgca gf`hcdi juhuanca pfrgcwiaca, hfrgb`uaigcsi
sflcrc tfrhugc catcrc brcan tuc mca cacg-cacg, `f`hfrigca pfrjctica,
`f`hfrigca gfhfhcsca mcdc` hctcsca tcannuan jcwch,
`f`pfrtcjcagca gb`uaigcsi tfrhugc muc crcj.

o. ]cjcp _E, gfducrnc ycan `fdfpcs cacg usic mfwcsc `umc (`falcgup
cacg pfrtc`c sc`pci cacg tfrcgjir ycan `faianncdgca ru`cj)
]cjcp pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp _E ycitu
`f`pfrducs sigdus gfducrnc mfanca `f`csuggca cannbtc
gfducrnc hcru ycan mimcpct `fdcdui pfrgcwiaca cacg, `fdcajutgca
uatug `f`pfrhcjcrui

juhuanca pfrgcwiaca, `f`hcatu brcan tuc dcajut usic mca

scgit- scgitca mcri suc`i `cupuamcri istri, `f`hcatu cacg
`camiri,
`f`pfrtcjcagca gb`uaigcsi, `f`pfrducs juhuanca gfducrnc
catcrc brcan tuc mfanca `facatu, `factc gf`hcdi pfrca mca ouansi
gfducrnc sftfdcj mitianncdgca cacg.
n. ]cjcp _EE, brcan tuc usic pfrtfancjca (tcapc jchctca, pfasiua)
]uncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp _EE ycitu `fayfmicgca
dianguanca ycan `faiangctgca gfsfjctca, `f`pfrtcjcagca juhuanca
ycan `f`ucsgca mca pfauj crti pcrc brcan tuc mca
dcasic,
`f`pfrgbgbj juhuanca pfrgcwiaca, `fajcnc
gfiati`ca,
`frfalcacgca gfnictca ycan cgca mctcan, `f`pfrjctigca gfsfjctca
 `csian-`csian pcscanca, tftcp `fajcnc gb`uaigcsi mfanca cacg-cacg.
j. ]cjcp _EEE, gfducrnc mcdc` `csc pfasiua mca dcasic
]uncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc pcmc tcjcp _EEE ycitu
`f`pfrtcjcagca pfancturca jimup ycan `f`ucsgca, `fayfsucigca
tfrjcmcp pfamcpctca ycan `faurua, `f`pfrtcjcagca juhuanca
pfrgcwiaca, `fayfsucigca miri tfrjcmcp gfjidcanca pcscanca,

`f`pfrtcjcagca igctca gfducrnc catcr nfafrcsi, `fafrusgca uatug

`f`cjc`i fgsistfasi `frfgc, scdian `f`hfri pfrjctica ycan
`fayfacangca catcr pcscanca, `frfalcacgca gfnictca uatug `fanisi
wcgtu tuc sfpfrti hfrbdcjrcnc, hfrgfhua, `fancsuj lulu.

>.]uncs Gfducrnc Mcdc` Himcan Gfsfjctca

@faurut Orifm`ca (8939) sfsuci mfanca Ouansi Yf`fdijcrcca

Gfsfjctca, gfducrnc `f`puayci tuncs - tuncs mcdc` himcan gfsfjctca ycan pfrdu mipcjc`i mca midcgu
c.@fanfacd `cscdcj gfsfjctca sfticp cannbtc gfducrncayc.

h.@fanc`hid gfputusca uatug `fdcgugca tiamcgca ycan tfpct hcni

gfducrnc.
@f`hfrigca pfrcwctca hcni cannbtcayc ycan scgit ctcu ycan timcg
`c`pu `f`hcatu miriayc sfamiri gcrfac gflclctca ctcu usicayc ycan tfrdcdu `umc.
@f`pfrtcjcagca sucscac miru`cj ycan `fanuatuangca gfsfjctca mca pfrgf`hcanca gfprihcmica can
f.@f`pfrtcjcagca juhuanca ti`hcd hcdig catcrc gfducrnc mca df`hcnc

gfsfjctca mfanca `f`caocctgca ocsiditcs pfdcycaca gfsfjctca ycan cmc.

H. Gbasfp Jipfrtfasi
3. Yfanfrtica
@faurut \jfps (8996) mcdc` @csricmi (8936), jipfrtfasi cmcdcj
 pfaycgit mfanca tcamc cmcayc ncannuca tfgcaca mcrcj sistbdig `cupua
micstbdig ycan acig mictcs tfgcac mcrcj abr`cd. ]fgcaca mcrcj sistbdig
cmcdcj tfgcaca pualcg ycan tfrlcpci gftigc jcatuan hfrgbatrcgsi mca
`f`b`pcgca mcrcj gfducr `fdcdui crtfri. ]fgcaca mcrcj
micstbdig

mic`hid tfgcaca jctuj gftitig tfrfamcj scct jcatuan ridfgs mca `fanisi
mcrcj gf`hcdi.
Jipfrtfasi ctcu tfgcaca mcrcj tianni cmcdcj suctu
pfaiangctca chabr`cd tfgcaca mcrcj mcdc` pf`huduj mcrcj crtfri ycan
`fancangut mcrcj mcri jcatuan mca `f`b`pc gfsfduruj jcrianca mca
brnca“brnca tuhuj sflcrc tfrus“ `fafrus dfhij mcri suctu pfribmf
(Ericatb, 893=). Jipfrtfasi sfrian junc micrtigca sfhcnci suctu gfcmcca
mi`cac tfgcaca mcrcj sistbdig dfhij mcri 389 ``Jn mca tfgcaca
micstbdig dfhij mcri :9
``Jn (@uttcqia, 8995).

8. Gdcsioigcsi Jipfrtfasi
Gdcsioigcsi tfgcaca mcrcj sistbdig mca micstbdig mihcni `fajcmi f`pct
gcdcsioigcsi (\`fdtzfr, 8938), ycitu ;

c. Gdcsioigcsi Jipfrtfasi Hfrmcscrgca ]fgcaca Mcrcj \istbdig

Mca Micstbdig (\`fdtzfr, ft cd, 8938)
Gctfnbri ]M \istbdig (``Jn) ]M Micstbdig (``Jn)
Abr`cd Yrcjipfrtfasi 4 389 ``Jn 4 :9 ``Jn
\tcmiu` E 389 “ 3<5 ``Jn :9 “ :5 ``Jn 59 “ 55 ``Jn
\tcmiu` EE 3=9 “ 365 ``Jn ≦ 399 ``Jn
≦ 369 ``Jn
h. Gdcsoigcsi Jipfrtfasi Hfrmcscrgca ]fgcaca Mcrcj Ycmc
Brcan Mfwcsc (]riycatb, 893=)
Gctfnbri ]M \istbdig ]M Micstbdig
(``Jn) (``Jn)
Abr`cd 4 3<9 ``Jn 4 :6 ``Jn
Abr`cd ]ianni 3<9 “ 3<5 ``Jn :6 “ :5 ``Jn
\tcmiu` 3 (rianca) 3=9 “ 365 ``Jn 59 “ 55 ``Jn
\tcmiu` 8 (sfmcan) 369 “ 3>5 ``Jn 399 “ 395 ``Jn
\tcmiu` < (hfrct) 3:9 “ 895 ``Jn 339 “ 335 ``Jn
\tcmiu` = (`cdinac) ≦ 839 ``Jn ≦ 389 ``Jn

<. Ftibdbni
c. Jipfrtfasi pri`fr ctcu fsfasicd
Jipfrtfasi pri`fr ctcu fsfasicd cmcdcj timcg mcpct
migftcjuia
pfayfhchayc. Jipfrtfasi fsfasicd hicscayc mi`udci sfhcnci prbsfs
dchid (iatfr`itfa) pcmc iamivimu pcmc cgjir <9-ca mca 69-ca mca sflcrc
hfrtcjcp — `faftcp — pcmc suctu scct mcpct junc tfrjcmi `famcmcg mca
 hfrct, pfrjcdcacaayc mipfrlfpct ctcu —`cdinac— ycan `fayfhchgca

gbamisi pcsifa `f`hurug mfanca lfpct. Yfayfhch jipfrtfasi pri`fr

ctcu fsfasicd cmcdcj ncannuca f`bsi, bhfsitcs, gbasu`si cdgbjbd ycan
hfrdfhijca, gbpi, bhct “ bhctca, ocltbr gfturuaca (Hruaafr & \ummcrt,
8936). \fmcangca `faurut Xbhhias (899>), hfhfrcpc ocgtbr ycan
hfrpfrca mcdc` jipfrtfasi pri`fr ctcu fsfasicd `falcgup pfancruj
nfaftig mca pfancruj dianguanca sfpfrti; strfss, gfnf`ugca,
`frbgbg, cgtivitcs oisig ycan gurcan, mca gbasu`si ncrc` mcdc`
ju`dcj hfscr micanncp sfhcnci ocgtbr fgsbnfa mcdc` jipfrtfasi.
h. Jipfrtfasi sfguamfr
Jipfrtfasi sfguamfr cmcdcj gfacigca tfgcaca mcrcj mfanca pfayfhch
tfrtfatu sfpfrti pfayf`pitca crtfri rfacdis, pfaycgit pcrfagi` niajcd,
hfrhcnci bhct, misouansi brnca, tu`br mca gfjc`idca (Hruaafr &

\ummcrt, 8936). \fmcangca `faurut ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), pfayfhch

jipfrtfasi sfguamfr micatcrcayc hfrupc gfdciaca niajcd sfpfrti tu`br,
michftfs, gfdciaca cmrfacd, gfdciaca cbrtc, gfdicaca fambgria dciaayc
sfpfrti bhfsitcs, rfsistfasi iasudia, jipfrtirbimis`f mca
pf`cgcica bhct-bhctca sfpfrti gbatrcsfpsi brcd mca gcrtigbstfrbim.

=. Ocgtbr Xfsigb
Ocgtbr-ocgtbr rfsigb jipfrtfasi ycan timcg mcpct miuhcj mca ycan mcpct
miuhcj bdfj pfamfritc jipfrtfasi `faurut Hdclg & Jcwgs (893=) cmcdcj
sfhcnci hfrigut ;
c. Ocgtbr-ocgtbr rfsigb ycan timcg mcpct miuhcj
3) Xiwcyct gfducrnc
Jipfrtfasi micanncp pbdinfaig mca `udtiocgtbricd ycitu,
pcmc sfsfbrcan mfanca riwcyct gfducrnc, hfhfrcpc nfa
hfriatfrcgsi mfanca ycan dciaayc mca junc dianguanca
ycan mcpct
`fayfhchgca tfgcaca mcrcj acig mcri wcgtu gf wcgtu. Gdifa
mfanca brcan tuc ycan `f`idigi jipfrtfasi hfrcmc pcmc risigb
jipfrtfasi ycan dfhij tianni pcmc usic `umc.
8) Vsic

Jipfrtfasi pri`fr hicscayc `ualud catcrc usic <9-69

tcjua. Yfristiwc jipfrtfasi `faiangct mfanca usic 69-69 %
gdifa ycan
 hfru`ur dfhij mcri 69 tcjua `f`idigi tfgcaca mcrcj dfhij
mcri 3=9/59 ``Jn. Micatcrc brcan mfwcsc, pf`hclcca
tfgcaca mcrcj sistbdig dfhij mcri pcmc tfgcaca mcrcj
micstbdig gcrfac
`frupcgca prfmigtbr ycan dfhij hcig uatug
gf`uangiaca gfjcmica mi`csc mfpca sfpfrti pfaycgit jcatuan
gbrbafr, strbgf, ncncd jcatuan, mca pfaycgit niajcd.
<) Kfais gfdc`ia
Jipfrtfasi dfhij hcaycg tfrjcmi pcmc pric mihcamiangca wcaitc

sc`pci girc-girc usic 66 tcjua. Xfsigb pcmc pric mca wcaitc

jc`pfr sc`c catcrc usic 66 sc`pci >= tcjua, wcaitc hfrfsigb

dfhij hfscr.
=) Ftais
Yfaiangctca prcvfdfasi jipfrtfasi micatcrc brcan hfrgudit jitc`
timcgdcj jfdcs, cgca tftcpi pfaingctcaayc migcitgca mfanca gcmcr
rfaaia ycan dfhij rfamcj, sfasitivitcs ycan dfhij hfscr tfrjcmcp
vcsbprfssia, tianiayc csupca ncrc`, mca tianni strfss dianguanca.
h. Ocgtbr-ocgtbr rfsigb ycan mcpct miuhcj
3) Michftfs `fdditus
Jipfrtfasi tfdcj tfrhugti tfrjcmi dfhij muc gcdi dipct pcmc gdifa
michftfs `fdditus gcrfac michftfs `f`pfrlfpct
ctfrbsgdfrbsis mca `fayfhchgca jipfrtfasi gcrfac gfruscgca
pcmc pf`huduj mcrcj hfscr.
8) \trfss

\trfss `faiangct rfsistfasi vcsgudfr pfriofr mca lurcj jcatuan

sfrtc `fasti`udcsi cgtivitcs scrco si`pctis. \trfss cmcdcj
pfr`cscdcjca pfrsfpsi, iatfrprftcsi brcan tfrjcmcp gfjcmica ycan
`faliptcgca hcaycg strfssbr mca rfspba strfss.
<) Bhfsitcs

Bhfsitcs tfrutc`c pcmc tuhuj hcnica ctcs, mfanca `faiangctayc

ju`dcj df`cg misfgitcr micorcn`c, pianncan mca pfrut,

mijuhuangca mfanca pfanf`hcanca jipfrtfasi.
Gb`hiacsi
bhfsitcs mfanca ocltbr ocgtbr dcia mcpct mitcamci mfanca siamrb`
`ftchbdis, ycan junc `faiangctgca rfsigb jipfrtfasi.
 =) Autrisi

Gfdfhijca `fanbsu`si ncrc` hics `fajcmi pfalftus jipfrtfasi

pcmc iamivimu. Mift tianni ncrc` `fayfhchgca
pfdfpcsca jbr`baf actriurftig ycan hfrdfhijca, ycan `uangia
sflcrc timcg dcansuan `faiangctgca tfgcaca mcrcj. @uctca
actriu` junc
`fasti`udcsi `fgcais`f vcsfbrfsbr mimcdc` systf` scrco pusct.

Yfafditca junc `fauajuggca hcjwc csupca mift rfamcj gcdsi`,

gcdiu`, mca `cnafsiu` mcpct hfrgbatrihusi mcdc`

pfanf`hcanca jipfrtfasi.
6) Yfaycdcjnuacca bhct
@frbgbg sincrft, `fanbsu`si hcaycg cdlbjbd, mca hfhfrcpc
pfannuacca bhct tfrdcrcan `frupcgca ocgtbr-ocgtbr
rfsigb jipfrtfasi. pcmc mbsis tfrtfatu aigbtia mcdc` rbgbg
sincrft sfrtc bhct sfpfrti gbgcia mcpct `fayfhchgca acigayc
tfgcaca mcrcj sflcrc dcansuan.

6. Yctboisibdbni
@faurut Uusuo (899:), ]fgcaca mcrcj mipfancruji bdfj lurcj jcatuan

mca tcjcaca pfriofr. ]uhuj `f`puayci sistf` ycan hfrouansi `falfncj

pfruhcjca tfgcaca mcrcj sflcrc cgut. \istf` tfrsfhut cmc ycan hfrfcgsi
gftigc tfrjcmi pfruhcjca tfgcaca mcrcj mca cmc junc ycan hfrfcgsi gftigc
tfrjcmi pfruhcjca tfgcaca mcrcj sflcrc cgut. \istf` tfrsfhut cmc ycan
hfrfcgsi gftigc tfrjcmi pfruhcjca tfgcaca mcrcj mca cmc ycan hfrfcgsi
dfhij dc`c. \istf` ycan lfpct tfrsfhut catcrc dcia rfodfg gcrmibvcsgudcr
`fdcdui hcrbrfsfptbr, rfodfg gf`brfrfptbr, rfspba isgf`ic susuaca scrco
pusct, mca rfodfg ycan hfrcscd mcri ctriu`, crtfri pud`bacdis, mca btbt
pbdbs. \istf` dcia ycan gurcan lfpct `frfspba pfruhcjca tfgcaca mcrcj
`fdihctgca rfspba niajcd mfanca pfancturca jbr`ba canibtfasia mca

vcsbprfsbr.
Gfjcmica jipfrtfasi mi`udci mfanca cmcayc ctjfrbsgdfrbsis ycan
`frupcgca hfatug mcri crtfribgdfrbsis (pfanfrcsca crtfri).
Catjfrbsgdfrbsis
mitcamci bdfj pfai`huaca df`cg ycan prbnrfsio pcmc miamian
crtfri sfjiannc
`fanurcani vbdu`f cdirca mcrcj gf jcatuan, gcrfac sfd-sfd btbt crtfri
 tfrti`hua df`cg gf`umica `f`hfatug pdcg, `cgc tfrjcmi pfayf`pitca
pcmc crtfri mca pfauruaca fdcstisitcs crtfri sfjiannc timcg mcpct `fanctur
tfgcaca mcrcj gf`umica `fancgihctgca jipfrtfasi. Gfgcguca crtfri mca

gfdc`hcaca cdirca mcrcj `fayfhchgca hfhca jcatuan hfrtc`hcj hfrct

ycan mi`caisofstcsigca mcdc` hfatug jipfrtrbob vfatrigfd giri (J_G) mca

ncannuca ouansi micstbdil gcrfac ncannuca rfdcgscsi vfatrigfd giri

sfjiannc `fancgihctgca pfaiangctca tfgcaca mcrcj mcdc`
sistf`
sirgudcsi (Judd, 35567 mcdc` Hustca 899>).
Hfrmcscrgca urcica pctboisibdbni jipfrtfasi mictcs mcpct misi`pudgca
hcjwc jipfrtfasi mi`udci cmcayc pfanfrcsca crtfri. Yfai`huaca df`cg
tfrmcpct pcmc miamian crtfri ycan `fancgihctgca hfrgurcanayc vbdu`f
lcirca mcrcj gf jcatuan. Yfai`huaca itu `f`hfatug pdcg ycan gf`umica
tfrjcmi pfayf`pitca mca pfauruaca fdcstisitcs crtfri sfjiannc tfgcaca
mcrcj timcg mcpct mictur ycan crtiayc hfhca jcatuan hfrtc`hcj hfrct mca
tfrjcmi ncannuca micstbdig ycan `fancgihctgca pfaiangctca tfgcaca

mcrcj.

6. @caiofstcsi Gdiais
Ycmc pf`frigscca oisig, `uangia timcg miju`pci gfdciaca
cpcpua sfdcia
tfgcaca mcrcj ycan tianni, tftcpi mcpct pudc mitf`ugca pfruhcjca pcmc
rftiac, sfpfrti pfrmcrcjca, fgsumct (gu`pudca lcirca),
pfayf`pitca
pf`huduj mcrcj, mca pcmc gcsus hfrct fmf`c pupid (fmf`c pcmc misgus
bptigus ) (Hruaafr & \ummcrt, 8936).―
Eamivimu ycan `famfritc jipfrtfasi gcmcan timcg `fac`pcggca nfjcd
sc`pci hfrtcjua “ tcjua.Nfjcdc, hidc cmc, hicscayc `fauajuggca cmcayc
gfruscgca vcsgudfr, mfanca `caiofstcsi ycan gjcs sfsuci systf` brnca
ycan
mivcsgudcriscsi bdfj pf`huduj mcrcj hfrscangutca.Yfaycgit crtfri gbrbafr
mfanca caniac cmcdcj nfjcdc ycan pcdian `fayfrtci jipfrtfasi. Jipfrtrboi
vfatrigfd giri tfrjcmi sfhcnci rfspbas pfaiangctca hfhca gfrjc vfatrigfd
scct
 mipcgsc hfrgbatrcgsi `fdcwca tfgcac sistf`ig ycan `faingct.Cpchidc
jcatuan timcg `c`pu dcni `facjca pfaiangctca hfhca gfrjc, `cgc mcpct
tfrjcmi ncncd jcatuan giri (Hruaafr & \ummcrt, 8936).

Lrbwia (8999) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), `fayfhutgca hcjwc

sfhcnica hfscr nfjcdc gdiais ti`hud ;
c. Ayfri gfpcdc scct tfrjcnc, gcmcan“gcmcan misfrtci `ucd mca
`uatcj cgihct pfaiangctca tfgcac iatrclrcaicd.
h. Yfandijctca gchur cgihct gfruscgca rftiac cgihct jipfrtfasi.
l. Cyuaca dcangcj ycan timcg `catcp gcrfac gfruscgca susuaca scrco
pusct,
m. Abgturic gcrfac pfaiangctca cdirca mcrcj niajcd mca
oidtrcsi ndb`frbdus.
f. Fmf`c mfpfamfa mca pf`hfangcgca cgihct pfaiangctca
tfgcaca gcpidfr.

>. Yf`frigscca Yfauajcan

c. Jf`bndbhia / jf`ctbgrit ; `fangcji juhuanca mcri sfd-sfd
tfrjcmcp vbdu`f lcirca (visgbsitcs) mca mcpct `faniamigcsigca
ocgtbr-ocgtbr rfsigb sfpfrti jipbgbcnudchiditcs, caf`ic.
h. HVA / grfctiaia ; `f`hfrigca iaobr`csi tfatcan pfrousi/ouansi niajcd.
l. Ndugbsc ; Jipfrndigf`ic (michftfs `fditus cmcdcj pfalftus
jipfrtfasi) mcpct micgihctgca bdfj pfaiangctca gcmcr gctfgbdc`ia
(`faiangctgca jipfrtfasi).
m. Gcdiu` sfru` ; jipbgcdf`ic mcpct `faniamigcsigca
cmcayc cdmbstfrba utc`c (pfayfhch) ctcu `fajcmi fofg
sc`pian tfrcpi miurftig.
f. Gcdsiu` sfru` ; pfaiangctca gcmcr gcdsiu` sfru` mcpct
`faiangctgca jipfrtfasi.
o. Gbdfstfrbd mca trinfdisfrimc sfru` ; pfaiangctca gcmcr
mcpct
`faniamigcsigca pfalftus uatug/cmcayc pf`hfatugca pdcg
ctfrb`ctbsc (fofg gcrmibvcsgudfr)
 n. Yf`frigscca tirbim ; jipfrtirbimis`f mcpct
`fancgihctgca vcsigbastrigsi mca jipfrtfasi.
j. Gcmcr cdmbstfrba uria mca sfru` ; uatug `fanuji cdmbstfrbais`f
pri`fr (pfayfhch).
i. Vriacdisc ; mcrcj, prbtfia mca ndugbsc `fanisycrctgca misouansi
niajcd mca ctcu cmcayc michftfs.
j. _@C uria (`ftchbdit gctfgbdc`ia) ; gfacigca mcpct `faniamigcsigca
cmcayc ofbgb`bsitb`c (pfayfhch)7 _@C uria 8= jc`
mcpct minuacgca uatug pfangcjica ofbgrb`bsitb`c hidc jipfrtfasi
jidcan ti`hud.
g. Csc` urct; jipfrurisf`ic tfdcj `fajcmi i`pdigcsi sfhcnci
ocgtbr rfsigb tfrjcmiayc jipfrtfasi.
d. \tfrbim uria ; gfacigca mcpct `faniamigcsigca
jipfrcmrfacdis`f, ofbgrb`bsitb`c ctcu misouansi ptuitcri, siamrb`
Lusjian―s7 gcmcr rfaaia mcpct junc `faiangct.
`. E_Y ; mcpct `fanimfatioigcsi pfayfhch jipfrtfasi, sfpfrti pfaycgit
pcrfagi` niajcd, hctu niajcd mca urftfr.
a. Obtb mcmc ; mcpct `fauajuggca bhstrugsi gcdsioigcsi pcmc crfc
gctuh7 mfpbsit pcmc mca/ FGN ctcu tcgig cbrtc7 pfrhfscrca jcatuan.
b. L] slca ; `fangcji tu`br sfrfhrcd, L\_, fasfvcdbpcti,
ctcu ofbgrb`bsitb`c.
p. FGN; mcpct `fauajuggca pfrhfscrca jcatuan, pbdc rfncanca,
ncannuca gbamugsi. Lctctca ; Ducs, pfaiannica nfdb`hcan Y cmcdcj

scdcj sctu tcamc miai pfaycgit jcatuan jipfrtfasi.

(Cabai`, 893<)

:. Gb`pdigcsi
Jipfrtfasi ycan timcg mitcannudcani mcdc` jcangc pcajcan
cgca
`fayfhchgca gfruscgca crtfri mimcdc` tuhuj sc`pci brnca
ycan
`famcpct supdci mcrcj mcri crtfri tfrsfhut. Gb`pdigcsi jipfrtfasi mcpct
 tfrjcmi pcmc brnca-brnca tuhuj `faurut ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), sfhcnci
hfrigut ;
c. Kcatuan
Jipfrtfasi mcpct `fayfhch tfrjcmiayc ncncd jcatuan mca pfaycgit
jcatuan gbrbafr. Ycmc pfamfritc jipfrtfasi, hfhca gfrjc jcatuan cgca
`faiangct, btbt jcatuan cgca `fanfambr mca hfrgurcan fdcstisitcsayc,
ycan misfhut mfgb`pfascsi. Cgihctayc, jcatuan timcg dcni `c`pu
`f`b`pc sfjiannc hcaycgayc lcircan ycan tftcjca mipcru `cupua
jcrianca tuhuj dcia ycan mcpct `fayfhchgca sfscg acocs ctcu bfmf`c.
Gbamisi iai misfhut ncncd jcatuan.
h. Btcg
Gb`pdigcsi jipfrtfasi pcmc btcg, `fai`hudgca rfsigb strbgf, cpchidc
timcg mibhcti rfsigb tfrgfac strbgf > gcdi dfhij hfscr.
l. Niajcd

Jipfrtfasi junc `fayfhchgca gfruscgca niajcd, jipfrtfasi mcpct

`fayfhchgca gfruscgca systf` pfaycrianca mimcdc` niajcd cgihct
dc`hct dcua niajcd timcg `c`pu `f`hucan zct-zct ycan
timcg mihutujgca tuhuj ycan `csug `fdcdui cdirca mcrcj mca
tfrjcmi
pfau`pugca mi mcdc` tuhuj.
m. @ctc
Jipfrtfasi mcpct `fancgihctgca tfrjcmiayc rftiabpcti jipfrtfasi mca
mcpct `fai`hudgca gfhutcca.

5. Yfactcdcgscacca

]ujuca ticp prbnrc` pfacancaca hcni sfticp pcsifa cmcdcj `falfncj

tfrjcmiayc `brhimitcs mca `brtcditcs pfayfrtc mfanca `falcpci
mca
`f`pfrtcjcagca tfgcaca mcrcj mihcwcj 3=9/59 ``Jn. Fofgtivitcs
sfticp prbnrc` mitfatugca bdfj mfrcjct jipfrtfasi, gb`pdigcsi,
hicyc
pfrcwctca mca gucditcs jimup sfjuhuanca mfanca tfrcpi (Hruaafr &
\ummcrt, 8936).
c. ]frcpi abaoc`cgbdbnis
^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), `fajfdcsgca hcjwc pfactcdcgscacca
aba
ocr`cgbdbnis tfrmiri mcri hfrhcnci `clc` lcrc `bmioigcsi ncyc jimup
scanct pfatian mcdc` `falfncj tfgcaca mcrcj tianni. Yfactcdcgscacca
jipfrtfasi mfanca aba ocr`cgbdbnis tfrmiri mcri hfrhcnci `clc` lcrc
`bmioigcsi ncyc jimup uatug `fauruagca tfgcaca mcrcj ycitu ;

3) @f`pfrtcjcagca hfrct hcmca imfcd

Xcm`crscrry (899>) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<),
`fanctcsi bhfsitcs junc mcpct midcgugca mfanca `fdcgugca
mift rfamcj gbdfstfrbd ac`ua gcyc mfanca sfrct mca prbtfia, mca
jigc hfrjcsid
`fauruagca hfrct hcmca 8,6 “ 6 gn `cgc tfgcaca mcrcj micstbdig
mcpct mituruagca sfhcaycg 6 ``Jn.
8) Gurcani csupca actriu`
Xcm`crscrry (899>) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), pfanurc`nca
gbasu`si ncrc` `fajcmi ° sfambg tjf/jcri mcpct `fauruagca
tfgcaca sistbdig sfhcaycg 6 ``Jn mca tfgcaca micstbdil sfhcaycg

8,6 ``Jn.
<) Hctcsi gbasu`si cdlbjbd
Xcm`crscrry (899>) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), gbasu`si
cdlbjbd jcrus mihctcsi gcrfac gbasu`si cdlbjbd hfrdfhijca mcpct
`faiangctgca tfgcaca mcrcj.Ycrc pf`iau` hfrct `f`puayci
rfsigb `fancdc`i jipfrtfasi f`pct gcdi dfhij hfscr mcri pcmc
`frfgc ycan timcg `f`iau` hfrcgbjbd.
=) Mift ycan `fancamuan gcdiu` mca gcdsiu`
Gcpdca (8996) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), Yfrtcjcagca csupca
mift pbtcssiu` ( 159 ``bd (<699 `n)/jcri) mfanca lcrc gbasu`si
mift tianni hucj mca scyur sfpfrti ; piscan, cdpugct, pcpcyc, jfrug,
cpfd gclcan-gcanca, gfatcan mca mift rfamcj df`cg mfanca lcrc
`fanurcani csupca df`cg jfauj mca df`ct tbtcd. \
fmcangca
`faurut Xcm`crscrry (899>) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri
(893<), gcdiu` mcpct `fauruagca tfgcaca mcrcj mfanca
`faiangctgca
ju`dcj actriu` ycan tfrhucan hfrsc`c uria.Mfanca `fanbasu`si
 hucj-hucjca sfhcaycg < - 6 gcdi mcdc` sfjcri, sfsfbrcan hisc
`falcpci csupca pbtcssiu` ycan lugup.
6) @fanjiamcri `frbgbg
Mcdi`crtjc (899:) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), `frbgbg
 `f`can timcg hfrjuhuanca sflcrc dcansuan mfanca ti`hudayc
jipfrtfasi, tftcpi `frbgbg mcpct `fai`hudgca rfsigb gb`pdigcsi

pcmc pcsifa jipfrtfasi sfpfrti pfaycgit jcatuan mca strbgf, `cgc

pfrdu mijiamcri rbgbg gcrfac mcpct `f`pfrhfrct jipfrtfasi.
6) Yfauruaca \trfss
\jfps (8996) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri ( 893<), strfss `f`can timcg
`fayfhchgca jipfrtfasi ycan `faftcp ac`ua jigc fpisbmf strfss
sfrian tfrjcmi mcpct `fayfhchgca gfacigca sf`fatcrc ycan scanct
tianni.
>) ]frcpi pijct
Mcdi`crtjc (899:) mcdc` ^ijcyc & Yutri (893<), pcmc priasipayc
pijct ycan migugca pcmc pfamfritc jipfrtfasi cmcdcj uatug
`f`pfrdcalcr cdirca fafrny mcdc` tuhuj sfjiannc
ncannuca jipfrtfasi mca gb`pdigcsiayc mcpct mi`iacdisir, gftigc
sf`uc jcdur fafrni timcg tfrjcdcan bdfj gftfncanca btbt mca
jc`hctca dcia
`cgc risigb jipfrtfasi mcpct mitfgca.
h. ]frcpi ocr`cgbdbnis
Yfactcdcgscacca ocr`cgbdbnis `faurut \cofri & @crizc
(893<)
`frupcgca pfacancaca `fannuacgca bhct-bhctca, catcrc dcia ;
3) Miurftig (Jimrbgdbrbticzim)
Miurftig hfgfrjc mfanca lcrc `fnfducrgca lcirca hfrdfhij mcdc`
tuhuj sfjiannc mcyc pb`pc jcatuan `fajcmi dfhij rianca.
8) Yfanjc`hct si`pctftig (@ftidmbpc, Gdbaimia mca Xfsfrpia)
Bhct-bhctca jfais pfanjc`hct si`pctftig hfrouansi
uatug
`fanjc`hct cgtioitcs scrco si`pctis.
<) Hftchdbgfr (@ftbprbdbd, prbpcabdbd mca ctfabdbd)

Ouansi mcri bhct jfais hftchdbgfr cmcdcj uatug `fauruagca mcyc

pb`pc jcatuan, mfanca gbatrciamigcsi pcmc pfamfritc ycan
`fancdc`i ncannuca pfracocsca sfpfrti cs`c hrbagjicd.
=) _csbmidctbr (Yrcsbsia, Jimrcdisia)
_csbmidctbr hfgfrjc sflcrc dcansuan pcmc pf`huduj mcrcj mfanca
 rfdcgscsi btbt pbdbs pf`huduj mcrcj.
6) Canibtfasia Lbavfrtian Fazy`f (CLF) iajihitbr (Lcptbprid)
 Ouansi utc`c cmcdcj uatug `fanjc`hct pf`hfatugca zct
canibtfasia EE mfanca fofg sc`pian pfamfritc jipfrtfasi cgca
`fancdc`i hctug gfrian, pusian, scgit gfpcdc mca df`cs.
6) Yfanjc`hct canibtfasia EE (_cdscrtca)
Mcyc pb`pc jcatuan cgca dfhij rianca gftigc jfais bhct-bhct
pfanjc`hct rfsfptbr canibtfasia EE mihfrigca gcrfac cgca
`fanjcdcani pfaf`pfdca zct canibtfasia EE pcmc rfsptbr.
>) Canibtfasia gcdsiu` (Midticsf` mca _frcpc`id)
Gbatrcgsi jcatuan (gbatrcgtiditcs) cgca tfrjc`hct.
L. Gbasfp Csujca Gfpfrcwctca Gfducrnc
3. Obgus Yfangcjica
Obr`ct pfangcjica gfducrnc `bmfd Orifm`ca (8939) ycan micpdigcsigca
gf gcsus mfanca `cscdcj utc`c jipfrtfasi `fdiputi ;
c. Mctc u`u`
@faurut Orifm`ca (8939), mctc u`u` ycan pfrdu migcji cmcdcj ;
3) Ac`c gfpcdc gfducrnc mca cannbtc gfducrnc, cdc`ct, jfais
gfdc`ia,u`ur, pfgfrjcca mca pfamimigca.
8) ]ipf gfducrnc
@fajfdcsgca `fanfaci jfais/tipf gfducrnc hfsfrtc gfamcdc ctcu

`cscdcj-`cscdcj ycan tfrjcmi mfanca jfais/tipf gfducrnc

<) \tctus sbsicd fgbab`i Gfducrnc
\tctus sbsicd fgbab`i gfducrnc mitfatugca bdfj pfamcpctca hcig
mcri gfpcdc gfducrnc `cupua cannbtc gfducrnc dciaayc. \fdcia itu
sblicd fgbab`i gfducrnc mitfatugca pudc bdfj
gfhutujca-

gfhutujca ycan migfducrgca bdfj gfducrnc sfrtc hcrcan-hcrcan

ycan mi`idigi bdfj gfducrnc.
h. Xiwcyct Gfducrnc mca ]cjcp Yfrgf`hcanca Gfducrnc
3) ]cjcp Yfrgf`hcanca Gfducrnc \cct Eai
]cjcp pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc mitfatugca bdfj cacg tfrtuc mcri
gfducrnc iai.
8) ]cjcp Yfrgf`hcanca Gfducrnc ycan Hfdu` ]frpfauji
@fajfdcsgca pfrgf`hcanca gfducrnc ycan hfdu`
tfrpfauji,
`fajfdcsgca `fanfaci tuncs pfrgf`hcanca gfducrucrnc ycan
hfdu` tfrpfauji bdfj gfducrnc sfrtc gfamcdc-gfamcdc `fancpc
 tuncs pfrgf`hcanca tfrsfhut hfdu` tfrpfauji.
<) Xiwcyct gfducrnc iati
@fajfdcsgca `fanfaci riwcyct gfducrnc iati `fdiputi riwcyct
pfaycgit gfturuaca, riwcyct gfsfjctca `csian-`csian cannbtc
gfducrnc, pfrjctica gfducrnc tfrjcmcp pfalfncjc
pfaycgit tfr`csug stctus i`uaiscsi, su`hfr pfdcycaca
gfsfjctca ycan
hicsc minuacgca gfducrnc mca pfancdc`ca tfrjcmcpc pfdcycaca

gfsfjctca.
=) Xiwcyct gfducrnc sfhfdu`ayc
@fajfdcsgca `fanfaci riwcyct gfsfjctca gfducrnc mcri pijcg
suc`i mca istri.
l. Yfangcjica dianguanca
Gcrcgtfristig ru`cj miimfatioigcsi mfanca `fdijct tipf ru`cj,ju`dcj
rucanca, jfais rucan, ju`dcj jfamfdc, jcrcg sfptil tcagmfanca su`hfr
cir, su`hfr cir `iau` ycan minuacgca, tcamc lctycan
sumcj
`fanfdupcs, sfrtc midfangcpi mfanca mfacj ru`cj (Orifm`ca, 8939).
m. Ouansi gfducrnc

3) Ouansi cofgtio
Jcd ycan pfrdu migcji sfhfrcpc jcuj gfducrnc scdian csuj mca
scdian `famuguan, juhuanca hcig mfanca brcan
dcia,

`fauajuggca rcsc f`pcti, pfrjctica tfrjcmcp

pfrcscca (Orifm`ca, 8939).
8) Ouansi sbsicdiscsi
Migcji hcnci`cac iatfrcgsi ctcu juhuanca mcdc`
gfducrnc, sfjcuj `cac cannbtc gfducrnc hfdcjcr misipdia,
pfanjcrncca, jugu`ca sfrtc `f`hfri mca `fafri`c liatc
(Orifm`ca, 8939).
<) Ouansi gfpfrcwctca
c) Gfycgiaca, aidci, mca pridcgu gfsfjctca ; `fajfdcsgca aidci

ycan micaut gfducrnc, pfalfncjca, prb`bsi gfsfjctca ycan

 midcgugca mca tujuca gfsfjctca gfducrnc (Orifm`ca, 8939).
h) \tctus gfsfjctca gfducrnc mca gfrftcaca tfrjcmcp scgit ycan
mircsc; gfducrnc `fangcji stctus gfsfjctca,
`cscdcj gfsfjctca ycan `f`huct gfdurnc rfatca tfrgfac
scgit mca
ju`dcj gbatrbd gfsfjctca (Orifm`ca, 8939).