ORACIONES DE RELATIVO

 who/ that/ which/ what:

- The woman who/ that lives next door is a doctor. (personas)
- I don’t like stories that/ which don’t have happy endings. (cosas)
- Did you hear what they said? ( ‘las cosas que’ ‘lo que’, siempre sin
antecedente)

 whose/ whom / where

- A widower is a man whose wife is dead (cuyo/a)
- The people with whom I work are very nice. (prep. + whom ‘personas’)
- Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. (prep.
+ which ‘cosas’)
- The girl whom you are talking to is my cousin. (‘whom’ + S + V)
- The restaurant where we had dinner was crowded. (lugares)

 PREPOSICIÓN + VERBO –ING:

After working as a model for five years, she became an actress.

 VERBO –ING AL INICIO DE ORACIÓN: (cuando no sea una orden)

Smoking isn’t good for your health.

 Like/ love/ hate/ prefer + V-ing  para expresar gustos y aficiones

- I like going to the cinema.
- He loves skiing.
- The boy hates reading.
- She prefers watching TV to doing exercise.

 WOULD LIKE TO/ WOULD LOVE TO / WOULD HATE TO / WOULD

PREFER TO  para situaciones hipotéticas
- My sister would like to go to Disneyland next year.
- He would love to go to New York at Christmas.
- Would you prefer to eat now or later?

MODALES

*seguidos de un verbo en infinitivo SIN ‘to’

1. CAN (presente) / COULD (pasado) / BE ABLE TO (resto de formas y tiempos

verbales):
- POSIBILIDAD: I could see the lake from my window. (past)
- PERMISO: Can/May/Could I come in?
- HABILIDAD: I can speak three foreign languages.
- Tomorrow, I will be able to visit you. (future)

2. MANAGED TO  ‘conseguir’:
- A girl fell into the river, but fortunately we managed to/ were able to
rescue her.

1
 3. COULD  posibles acciones en futuro/ presente, sugerencias y situaciones
hipotéticas. (podría)
- When you go to Paris next month, you could stay with Julia. (acción
futura)
- We could go to the cinema this evening. (sugerencia)
- I was so tired, I could have slept for a week. (situación hipotética,
pasado)

4. PROBABILIDAD:
 MIGHT  posibilidad remota, poco probable, ‘pudiera ser que’
(también para situaciones hipotéticas)
 MAY / COULD  mayor posibilidad, ‘puede que’
- Be careful of that dog. It might / may / could bite you.

5. OBLIGACIÓN:
 MUST  ‘tener que’ (opinión personal, recomendación):
- Mark is a really nice person. You must meet him.

 HAVE TO  necesidad, obligación:

- I have to wear glasses for reading.

 MUSTN’T  prohibición:
- You mustn’t touch anything electrical if you are in the bath.

 DON’T HAVE TO  no tienes por qué hacerlo pero puedes hacerlo si

quieres:
- I don’t have to be at the meeting, but I think I will go anyway.

6. DEDUCCIÓN:
 MUST  deducción positiva (‘tiene que’):
- They must be at home, the lights are on.

 CAN’T  deducción negativa (‘ no puede ser’, ‘no es posible que’):

- She can’t be English, she has a French accent.

7. CONSEJO:
 SHOULD / OUGHT TO  consejos en general, opinión personal
(debería):
- You look tired. You should / ought to go to bed.

 HAD BETTER  es recomendable hacerlo porque si no lo hacemos,

tendremos algún problema / consecuencia:
- She will be sad if we don’t invite her to the wedding, so we had better
invite her.

8. NEEDN’T (present)/ DON’T NEED TO/ DON’T HAVE TO  ‘ no es

necesario, no hace falta’:
- They needn’t / don’t need to/ don’t have to come to school tomorrow,
it is a holiday.