GE 135

Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping

Laboratory Exercises Manual

1
GE 135 –Fundamentals of Surveying and Mapping
 LABORATORY EXERCISES MANUAL

Laboratory Report-Grading Rubrics

Mechanics:
 Each group shall perform competitively all the laboratory exercises given by their
instructor and must submit laboratory reports on time.
 Each group has given the freedom to choose a format but make sure that it is
appropriate, creative, and presentable.
 Delayed submission of lab reports shall mean a deduction of 5 points per day per
activity.

Criteria for Grading:

COMPONENT EXCEPTIONAL ACCEPTABLE MARGINAL POINT(S)

(5-4 POINTS) (3-2 POINTS) (1-0 POINT)
The content of The content of The content of the lab
the lab report is the lab report is report is not clearly
comprehensive mostly explained; it lacks
and well- comprehensive; much information and
tabulated and incorporates contains wrong data;
well-explained; important and procedures are not
incorporates correct well-explained; sketch
important and information; and computations are
correct procedures are erroneous.
CONTENT
information; copied from
procedures are books; sketch
originally listed and
in clear steps; computations
sketch and are correct but
computations some
are correct and computations
factual. are not being
shown.
Lab report is Lab report is Lab report is not
written using mostly written written using the
appropriate and using appropriate and
FORMAT presentable appropriate presentable format.
format; and
presentable
format.

GE 135 –Fundamentals of Surveying and 2

 No errors in Few errors in Many errors in
spelling, spelling, spelling, punctuation
punctuation, punctuation and/or grammar in the
MECHANICS
and grammar in and/or report
the lab report. grammar in the
lab report.
Lab exercise Lab exercise Lab exercise was not
was done in a was done on done on time; Data
very timely time; Data acquired is not
SPEED,
manner; Data acquired is accurate and precise
ACCURACY
acquired is very mostly accurate based on the
AND
accurate and and precise prescribed standards.
PRECISION
precise based on based on the
the prescribed prescribed
standards. standards.

Information Found in Laboratory Report

1. Title of the Field Work

2. Time of Day and Date
3. Weather Conditions
4. List of Equipment
5. Objectives
6. Procedure
7. Sketch
8. Tabulation
9. Computation
10. Laboratory Report (Introduction, Results, Conclusion)
11. Name of Leader, Asst. Leader, Recorder, and Group Members
12. Documentation

Information Found in Field Notebook

1. Title of the Field Work
2. Time of Day and Date
3. Weather Conditions
4. List of Equipment
5. Objectives
6. Sketch
7. Tabulation
8. Name of Leader, Asst. Leader, Recorder, and Group Members

GE 135 –Fundamentals of Surveying and 3

 Laboratory Exercise No. 3
DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING

Time of Day and Date: November 08, 2022

9:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Weather Condition: Sunny and Rainy
List of Equipment:
o Automatic Level, Leveling Rod, Hubs or Pegs, Range Poles, Markers
Objective/s:
o To determine the elevation of points by differential leveling.
Procedure and Computation:
1. Designate the reference point of the level route as Benchmark A (BM a) and the final
point as Benchmark B (BMb) as shown in Figure 1. The elevation of BM b is to be
determined and the elevation of BMa must be known or assumed.

Figure 1. Reference Point of the Level Route of Differential Leveling

2. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location along the general designated
route between the points.
3. Take a backsight reading on BMa and then direct the rodman to move forward along
the level route (not necessarily in the straight line between BM a and the next point)
and establish Turning Point 1 (TP1) then take a foresight reading on it.
4. Transfer and set up the level at another suitable location beyond TP 1 and take a
backsight reading on it.
5. Direct the rodman to move a convenient distance ahead of the instrument and
establish TP2 then take a foresight reading on it.
6. Repeat the procedure until a foresight is finally taken on BMb as shown in Figure 2.

GE 135 –Fundamentals of Surveying and 4

 Figure 2. Differential Leveling

7. Record all the observed data (Table 1).

Table 1. Observed Rod Readings of Differential Leveling

Height of
Station Backsight the Foresight Elevation Remarks
Instrument
BMa 1.074 13.174 12.10 m
TP1 1.134 13.152 1.156 12.018 m
TP2 1.113 13.096 1.169 11.983 m
TP3 1.153 13.049 1.200 11.896 m
BMb 1.223 11.826 m

8. Compute the Height of the Instrument (HI) and Elevation using Equation 1 and 2,
respectively.

HI = Elev + BS Equation 1

Elev = HI – FS Equation 2

where: HI – height of instrument above a reference datum

BS – backsight reading on the rod (or plus sights)

FS – foresight reading on the rod (or minus sights)

Elev – elevation above a reference datum of a point sighted

GE 135 –Fundamentals of Surveying and 5